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Scientific American Volume 6, Issue 28 | Scientific American

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srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/26087E98-2CD1-41BF-896460319E290991_source.jpg?w=400 400w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/26087E98-2CD1-41BF-896460319E290991_source.jpg?w=600 600w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/26087E98-2CD1-41BF-896460319E290991_source.jpg?w=900 900w" sizes="300px" width="300"/></div><div class="issue__detail__info-PytSq"><div class="issue__detail__meta-cIUoE"><h1>Scientific American Magazine</h1></div><div class="issue__heading-gBfnb"><h2><time dateTime="1851-03-29">March 1851</time></h2></div><small><span>Volume <!-- -->6</span>, <span>Issue <!-- -->28</span></small><div class="download__access-pNuvp"><p>You are currently logged out. Please sign in to download the issue PDF.</p><button class="button-Nws5y button__primary-WTBGh">Sign In</button></div><div class="issueArchiveArticleList-p9KXT"><div class="issueArchiveArticleList-p9KXT"><h2 class="listHeading-TIGph">Features</h2><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">A Mountain of Magnesia in California</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Curious Species of Barter</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Lerow and Blodgett&#x27;s Sewing Machine</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Receipt for Burns</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Slate</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Sulphur</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Tripoli</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Foreign Correspondence</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">American Locust, Cicada Septemdecim</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Soapstone</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">A Lot of Inventions</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Iron Masted Vessels</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Great Discovery in Illuminating and Motive Power</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Fulton in France</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Incrustations in Steam Boilers</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">A Burning Rock in New South Wales</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Letters of Various European Countries</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Claussen&#x27;s Improvements in the Preparation and Bleaching of Flax</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Improvements in Operating the Picker Staff of Looms</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">American Enterprise Honored in England</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Improved Glue Pot for Cabinet Makers and Joiners</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Petition for the Extension of Patents</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Improvement in Paper Pulp Strainers</h4><section><div class="dek-5E7-A"><p></p></div><p class="authors-G71Hd"></p></section></article><article class="article-4xs14"><h4 class="articleTitle-e093r">Premium for a Printing Press</h4><section><div 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