CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134f8d9cd9ff912',cH: '3cTqd7.OBRdM8YLYcxMb4orogvGCyfIuTsOFcXL7RLU-1739786863-1.2.1.1-Us4OWAh1wngLBdwAAwRTZA7Gfyc_FbuMUXJkYVbQCOn.4UJpOxtUWDaqotlmGdDT',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=GCC&__cf_chl_tk=FHjedpuUHqzogZ53VXUrvAGVaOXgOjgtJQLOXy_3RsU-1739786863-1.0.1.1-cdFnRY6NtEXBSVw3QURivjPE8xC0124vwrq1pzSTI5Y",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786863',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=GCC&__cf_chl_f_tk=FHjedpuUHqzogZ53VXUrvAGVaOXgOjgtJQLOXy_3RsU-1739786863-1.0.1.1-cdFnRY6NtEXBSVw3QURivjPE8xC0124vwrq1pzSTI5Y",md: "QrhzH_7fR3Q_5FtAQsHr84fSSY2K0ES0sAhfr9xqhWM-1739786863-1.2.1.1-UEWUHZyeTbw1tPVTEM8wCNCVqNgP85mWNQQPLesPpRI_1BN8.gghfcqTjIR5SRhYhkVp8OF1YocgOg2pSpjSt_k9Re5kN26qMHlwTYp48mD_wOC1A4_D8VZfJbQf_gy6uoPJR9SkENHETmkyMxK0hwYdRJRcoXZROB1locTuwPpYibMJDdUnVZkaGl5p9EIfp30pwak_H8sz.sYJYF5mO4VAyRCn2GJ67WAQcUVM2U6cAjCzQVM0PfDHAE7lLuUIZS6_nZRfXSA1KyDsi.ZHaMxFUZG4OUbDcsp3XRbsRsxQWy4giikQXYCqPAPJPzvHa2bx.Q7Dd7mT_qouusPjapB4eYfArJ.D6T_9_uX38KIoySED6ZYgQortD1plUpA99ccbVEE4Xo3S6DpK89gTsRc11exMtRRq4PyTja7NE4vXLdU2uINUZSWWsQ1jBNx8X4wYzzYOZtfGK35k9AF3_oRPkT7FmKr0eyerA12xrjXqMmg8SI6av0vHyjJiHdZYqiPlgDQtUtcbs6Mub8aK6Q_sZOtKgPXDfTR2j6b3laPFzTDnJ8pSe_lC2TNrYm3dp3AEBV.3690konUGEsAaQp.LOJCJkEbiGIv2g_7MqPTUPbaZZvfe0.b29g.AJmhb5Z4Hb520DIsDkKQ2nZsb3wXaSc0sdEuEkwh9xh73s3agcoVFH5u3UcOQ7K5Pxs_ewYHDij_UdWPyHsOSicF7CcoSBVVP5UDS9h0xE9N7w7JTpIUJiDaw8cTbslU2LW0FV9eW4FCq7Ol.myIigIeKpMHcsnSjNrp1AzD4.ih7R3SswmJ4.BfVDxi5LX1eoCE6ex9.S7xXbeHFojQhdXOW_aFuIq9SY9W2eF9Q8ehINWlGd1.UHxqQaz.ll24HCP2l5mt7p2r0SjlGwufEIKmLPvkqFohFW5oQtIhnac_qpzd_p.gKvZUi7JnAJoGddl5CLq7s1tYzf.XyNm5JvOWFYXiQTnZqXf41jmPh7aqS9GbuP.7lF86wcfjaCpAXy18v_RKkqOf0VVhVj0McIhwh8wm5edb0CS9yFxwPJ4dFFFYaa5Bfa9Mthl3GtuYE3hiq_1yqwBsoc0GgdJIdcH7bk8Nanyq8u2VMBRDfendE.IsklODyayautT33qoBpDmfnhAooW8Q0DnelRBz80cAfMxieiPb_48SK16q67pVjXt6dgoSxWnGA6aXeznzzTVSjF6grQAThmAcrGNTpzHrfi05hi_ymv9bXXLX8FrdMItnSunCPyXfv4Z10azfshU08prrTG0RqNJOe80z6DKquvYS1PEclQKNld6I3tkBfNIexYfsdQlt.N.N1NYZIvb8c8c4Fetr9pRLcOXYYmSuOM0DgMs_YQo2hVSC7fzd0C0ark9f0.mh2QqTiokIqWnDWnFucbH4AG4EnFDpewfq5u9JQjjza_AiutGJ610lHqFtpUORwEd5ubhyXJAb4poADtrRLcZ1vYxq.okSIq2nP_K1N8Cy6ebvgPtjzKzTkeRtgBQloqMLBYXJJfT.xpetCxYJ1QxQJLJ.9sGwKt62jivOZVACk0BmNQs015fyVl0wbRiYKTgYwCk._yvs5G0_qwTAKaH9_4JpjfnjXVoBM8l_6.BAY3MLkrFAYwOHY7UtaXpZ9_49vHpsyezC.RIASOEfUWBNG937kZIrqNqzPpFEgrxpBVsyNj8uaVxt.DQqkUlPy9pdZPrgRjTQbMJziBjCKI7Vd2ayN1FW.bNA9ku1FB7PXal5gHGpDrzUHrxN9I1RmB2FECLJ9GyEV_U4sYhpAd4aDNQhdKfQLf10B_9sgIXQTtZoiN8nB.NkdJCN7Wr1WzZuDcbaRSmzv7eQzKaFSXrYC8OZziTVoLXoUfffGd_0XVYmLktdWCVJmOv6dmFcWXQ.1KfTEakxfWL0O",mdrd: "u967UvFo1oEaHvLw_v4GZmQZ09iAFmdCJVNF_X9Er0c-1739786863-1.2.1.1-F_t8XAffChxsO6uMy.TM5tBSVr7.o661UEnWv7XI4tTbtPcRY3lmR9osnzpJ7osd64WCF76lNA5tplz4MFq4eq9Cej_zrnAIVhSxovNXyhFf7gUxKJm8KneFSMBqZrvCgfrbppPz7KQdMRbwHb7mokk6qC0M5JrNByCPis2nYVBjWyriCFKSw0x7EIdSCQrGVxGhWsAj8WB7N_lE6gchG7eK4lZWJR5CpTcC9iyZBZ7eb2BpSVOhWYtl4Q9qoRLJKI10cS2.lfRqlbHwH8zIJeQSi_iWyp_Ot3TETZAdgkorIXKso37lbKg3.v6aaWQIQVvS7p5VSeVG_oWqaaUM_DfP3DUz.GKQCAdUkZUd33YIIjq.Ul0QRYh7zMrkGWvASO74qKqChF9zXGeXYgmEow6MqnbJv4EHvNy9j.fUKWa2XqXZOWEH_yEefqObxkSIGOQz675GbJ54KqWhRvusSHZX6aV0_0VDWqxE2UyMjBhJO5gvAPQ3Tnf7B9JiZOhc0GUIidlLYy0VNNEYh_BAAvzhU1OUli_4egc1wFaG9NpxAAslu4ZWlz5KZqWkYdtxXCWST0x_WrtAyT4IKHZi25oODmgnOQTE54mGVKKT26E5GcxsBAlw.4B7Va7aXijXJrwWIpVxdW7bWmcDl60oS0S5wRxl4IibuQm3O0XMQdKxSeVu01BjymquZUh6Hr3j.2s6qt5TvumfZFI9d71dasv6seSCceJ8uxgWf8EMU9VP2QER0uqX2GXy4krw_Hb.DKby9hShorGrvwEbO17JqZNcjNiO5xuyk1t9XQqRi3JyRfscTeyVSizjg7f0DFBk.dm.RQEIq.N0FN4m3lAFmEPG4ISCJMsTa3RwaRoPRM850uliKzJVnritqC1NxNWo4feYbT4jrYKhCsxQ6L.ECGICc4wRvwl..GrQbeRIBieyHzbWaJTPekoB27GNxaxJ40AmJuggzGuBvO570pTrwnmTyE_RUjKdCWqmaY8icoexEW9uHA0aiOL1riQKi6GcwgBJKqOqsbzeHG3sIE6w9I60UJ43NdPHbCH6ScD_742rd_0fwoOAh4ykqax_LRcBpQ5kk_1SeKqiMjZvg0qMXZFiFjLOAWfEPCvA.EhEn6hCGiXdVD6TVD0rq6C46pzmnpf4Jn1QCyoxAIqIz3cduVKMR7T50xzmSL.SLRSxOrg2d_2TY0WGbGhlmT5ZmbPKI8_3oyGzSejVx3UAD98jA6HWcMLG0NgHEqH3.tiDx2gXsnZz7qmShKHe7MB4XOFRbKkpAKrgK826NEEPtb9TPLZk._YNeo7uhC2s_fCY79__fvI8gjMFXd1nYYltio1qkqtqE2oLajSP9h.udQ6nON0ZxaX2LN4JvXo.XAHzhG8YU0iFbs05kGWwG3jBppl6LuzP6LsKUN3kDNDyHrhs6pSalztZ9.PMxpY2ArrkAGE0W31yAg1dS8RlSG4IWzgFPy_jyRMbsBCqFVsV0_ISeOXh8_jaGqVYIgdgJkGpAk6oCbnM9QURDiDdY5zS2mNeDzLBTEiDj8eB4UAPUGhXriBX78TSvm26VfU_AfKZ6J_hGLAJQ.WCmSzRDq3jQd11UOBiwcV.pkAlz32YGTXQfdI5WpjI9Vs.V5j3sd5WE8KSF82gJj8O0VXitpJjois2mpAV2osCdpySNrCOHSfG.6Pc7.61_hGyZkQhqYxnRRN1XES68og8po06Hbdi9yMf23DIHurPCiEXBu0AEvTIA19.Y_XNrBwfezAWopLi3KEQxr6XxZMHQJUCiU_jupmsNgyH5zsoVbHquVdAoDlxm7WPi7_zUAzbOTsT4Wck7fLTtSxkDOitYX.zH7K4DoboLGxFK5RMfFh5M9z4bOhcKUS3Ps.DYsbYciXgsYzgwJVdLyduYavqcUleUCNcvAIFjesnOm4QT9jne18N6w2HmmP8rnvQZPNAl8JBeB8ioFfsyD3yacXmBv2HZdOrMh9a"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134f8d9cd9ff912';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=GCC&__cf_chl_rt_tk=FHjedpuUHqzogZ53VXUrvAGVaOXgOjgtJQLOXy_3RsU-1739786863-1.0.1.1-cdFnRY6NtEXBSVw3QURivjPE8xC0124vwrq1pzSTI5Y" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>