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Cumbum, Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia

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of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cumbum, Andhra Pradesh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbum_(Andhra_Pradesh)" title="Cumbum (Andhra Pradesh) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cumbum (Andhra Pradesh)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbum" title="Cumbum – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cumbum" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2,_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कंभं मण्डल, प्रकासम जिल्ला – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कंभं मण्डल, प्रकासम जिल्ला" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbum_(ort_i_Indien,_Andhra_Pradesh)" title="Cumbum (ort i Indien, Andhra Pradesh) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cumbum (ort i Indien, Andhra Pradesh)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%82" title="కంభం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కంభం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="کمبم، آندھرا پردیش – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کمبم، آندھرا پردیش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10997530#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Census Town in Andhra Pradesh, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Cumbum</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Census_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Census Town">Census Town</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumbum_Lake_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cumbum Lake"><img alt="Cumbum Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cumbum_Lake_1.JPG/250px-Cumbum_Lake_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cumbum_Lake_1.JPG/375px-Cumbum_Lake_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cumbum_Lake_1.JPG/500px-Cumbum_Lake_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Cumbum Lake</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_(current).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cumbum is located in Andhra Pradesh"><img alt="Cumbum is located in Andhra Pradesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_%28current%29.svg/250px-India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_%28current%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_%28current%29.svg/375px-India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_%28current%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_%28current%29.svg/500px-India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_%28current%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1027" data-file-height="849" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.649%;left:29.959%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cumbum"><img alt="Cumbum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Cumbum</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Andhra Pradesh, India</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cumbum,_Andhra_Pradesh&amp;params=15.5667_N_79.1167_E_type:city(15169)_region:IN-AP"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°34′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°07′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.5667°N 79.1167°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">15.5667; 79.1167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of India">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prakasam_district" title="Prakasam district">Prakasam</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mandals_in_Andhra_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh">Mandal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Cumbum</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-census_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8.81&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (3.40&#160;sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-population_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">15,169</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,700/km<sup>2</sup> (4,500/sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Languages<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">523333</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_India" title="Telephone numbers in India">Telephone code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+91–8406</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">AP</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cumbum</b>, natively spelt as <b>Kambham</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Census_town" title="Census town">census town</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prakasam_district" title="Prakasam district">Prakasam district</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian state">Indian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>. It is the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Cumbum_mandal" title="Cumbum mandal">Cumbum mandal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Markapur_revenue_division" title="Markapur revenue division">Markapur revenue division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-census_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">&#58;&#8202;16&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was a part of <a href="/wiki/Kurnool_district" title="Kurnool district">Kurnool district</a> before it was merged into <a href="/wiki/Prakasam_district" title="Prakasam district">Prakasam district</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cumbum_Lake">Cumbum Lake</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbum,_Andhra_Pradesh&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Cumbum Lake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cumbum Lake, also known as <i>Gundlakamma Lake</i>, was built on the <a href="/wiki/Gundlakamma_River" title="Gundlakamma River">Gundlakamma</a> rivulet upon the <a href="/wiki/Nallamala_Hills" title="Nallamala Hills">Nallamala</a> hills. It is one of the oldest man-made lakes in Asia. The <a href="/wiki/Anicut" title="Anicut">anicut</a> was built by the Vijayanagar Princess Varadharajamma (also known as Ruchidevi), wife of <a href="/wiki/Krishnadevaraya" title="Krishnadevaraya">Sri Krishna Devaraya</a>. She was also the daughter of Gajapatis of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>. The lake is about 7 kilometres (4.3&#160;mi) long and about 3.5 kilometres (2.2&#160;mi) wide. According to the Imperial Gazette of India, at the turn of the 20th century, the dam was 57 feet (17&#160;m) tall, and the drainage area was 430 square miles (1,100&#160;km<sup>2</sup>). At present the lake has an effective storage capacity of 3.38 tmc ft.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The directly irrigated land is about 10,300 acres (42&#160;km<sup>2</sup>) in all. It is the second largest irrigation tank in Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cumbum Lake is accessible both by the <a href="/wiki/Guntur" title="Guntur">Guntur</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nandyal" title="Nandyal">Nandyal</a> railway line and from <a href="/wiki/Ongole" title="Ongole">Ongole</a> by road. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbum,_Andhra_Pradesh&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are inscriptions at Cumbum and <a href="/wiki/Bestawaripeta" title="Bestawaripeta">Bestawaripeta</a>, one from 1706 , and another from 1729. The first refers to the death of the sheriff Khaja Muhammad, who was the Qiladar of Cumbum fort during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangazeb</a>. The second refers to Muhammad Sahib, son of Muhammad Khayum of Tab and governor of Cumbum during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah" title="Muhammad Shah">Muhammad Shah</a>. It also states that Muhammad Sahib had a <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> constructed at Cumbum during his governorship. These inscriptions prove that this district, like other districts in the Qutub Shahi Kingdom, was once under the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> rule. It was formed as part of the Golkonda province, one of the six provinces into which the Deccan Suba was sub-divided.<sup id="cite_ref-hari_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hari-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a>, Cumbum tehsil was a municipality of <a href="/wiki/Kurnool_district" title="Kurnool district">Kurnool district</a>; as such, it had a regimental garrison and a collectorate.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 10 June 1846, <a href="/wiki/Uyyalawada_Narasimha_Reddy" title="Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy">Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy</a> raided the treasury at Cumbum, and started rebellion against the British. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbum,_Andhra_Pradesh&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cumbum is located at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cumbum,_Andhra_Pradesh&amp;params=15.5669_N_79.1167_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°34′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°07′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.5669°N 79.1167°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">15.5669; 79.1167</span></span></span></a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It has an average elevation of 184 metres (606&#160;ft). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbum,_Andhra_Pradesh&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cumbum_railway_station" title="Cumbum railway station">Cumbum railway station</a> provides rail connectivity and is a <i>D-category</i> railway station in the <a href="/wiki/Guntur_railway_division" title="Guntur railway division">Guntur railway division</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Central_Railway_zone" title="South Central Railway zone">the South Central Railway zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-station_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-station-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> State highways, roads, and the <a href="/wiki/Guntur" title="Guntur">Guntur</a>–<a href="/wiki/Guntakal" title="Guntakal">Guntakal</a> railway line pass through the town. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_recognition_by_UNESCO">International recognition by UNESCO</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbum,_Andhra_Pradesh&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: International recognition by UNESCO"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cumbum Tank was made a World Heritage Irrigation Structure (WHIS) in 2020 by UNESCO.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbum,_Andhra_Pradesh&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town was an assembly constituency in Andhra Pradesh until 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Anna Venkata Rambabu won the 2019 assembly elections when the Cumbum constituency was reorganized and merged with the Giddalur constituency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbum,_Andhra_Pradesh&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary and secondary school education is provided by the government's <i>School Education Department</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The languages of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbum,_Andhra_Pradesh&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cumbum</i> is the anglicized spelling used in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>, and <i>kaṁbhaṁ</i> is the <a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">romanized</a> spelling from <a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu script</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian English</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbum,_Andhra_Pradesh&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-census-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2818_PART_B_DCHB_PRAKASAM.pdf">"District Census Handbook – Prakasam"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India</i>. Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh. p.&#160;48<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Census+of+India&amp;rft.atitle=District+Census+Handbook+%E2%80%93+Prakasam&amp;rft.pages=48&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F2818_PART_B_DCHB_PRAKASAM.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbum%2C+Andhra+Pradesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-population_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=629874">"Population statistics"</a>. <i>Census of India</i>. The Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Census+of+India&amp;rft.atitle=Population+statistics&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2Fpca%2FSearchDetails.aspx%3FId%3D629874&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbum%2C+Andhra+Pradesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part32.pdf">"Part III, District and Sub-District (Mandals)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India</i>. The Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India. pp.&#160;135, 174<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Census+of+India&amp;rft.atitle=Part+III%2C+District+and+Sub-District+%28Mandals%29&amp;rft.pages=135%2C+174&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fmaps%2Fatlas%2F28part32.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbum%2C+Andhra+Pradesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> National Register of large dams, Central water commission, Govt of India, 2019 Ed</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/Cumbum-tank-a-big-draw-in-Prakasam/article15001961.ece">"Cumbum tank a big draw in Prakasam"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&amp;rft.atitle=Cumbum+tank+a+big+draw+in+Prakasam&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2FCumbum-tank-a-big-draw-in-Prakasam%2Farticle15001961.ece&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbum%2C+Andhra+Pradesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hari-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hari_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2818_PART_B_DCHB_PRAKASAM.pdf">"District Census Handbook – Prakasam"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India</i>. p.&#160;14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Census+of+India&amp;rft.atitle=District+Census+Handbook+%E2%80%93+Prakasam&amp;rft.pages=14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F2818_PART_B_DCHB_PRAKASAM.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbum%2C+Andhra+Pradesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.120374/2015.120374.The-Imperial-Gazetteer-Of-India-Provincial-Series-Madras-Vol-i_djvu.txt">"Full text of "The Imperial Gazetteer Of India Provincial Series Madras Vol.-i"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>archive.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=archive.org&amp;rft.atitle=Full+text+of+%22The+Imperial+Gazetteer+Of+India+Provincial+Series+Madras+Vol.-i%22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.120374%2F2015.120374.The-Imperial-Gazetteer-Of-India-Provincial-Series-Madras-Vol-i_djvu.txt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbum%2C+Andhra+Pradesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Cumbum.html">"Maps, Weather, and Airports for Cumbum, India"</a>. <i>fallingrain.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=fallingrain.com&amp;rft.atitle=Maps%2C+Weather%2C+and+Airports+for+Cumbum%2C+India&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fallingrain.com%2Fworld%2FIN%2F02%2FCumbum.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbum%2C+Andhra+Pradesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-station-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-station_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris/uploads/files/1446709035601-Genearal%20data-01-11-15.pdf">"Evolution of Guntur Division"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>South Central Railway</i>. p.&#160;11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=South+Central+Railway&amp;rft.atitle=Evolution+of+Guntur+Division&amp;rft.pages=11&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scr.indianrailways.gov.in%2Fcris%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2F1446709035601-Genearal%2520data-01-11-15.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbum%2C+Andhra+Pradesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">. Major criteria for WHIS entails that a structure should be more than 100 years old, should be functional, achieving food security and have archival value. Cumbum tank is one of the four sites received this tag from India.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/four-sites-in-india-get-world-heritage-irrigation-structure-tag/story-n8P4HNaHuPdQQXT8VKQGyJ.html">"Four sites in India get World Heritage Irrigation Structure tag"</a>. December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Four+sites+in+India+get+World+Heritage+Irrigation+Structure+tag&amp;rft.date=2020-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Ffour-sites-in-india-get-world-heritage-irrigation-structure-tag%2Fstory-n8P4HNaHuPdQQXT8VKQGyJ.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbum%2C+Andhra+Pradesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.eci.gov.in/March2004/pollupd/ac/states/s01/Partycomp120.htm">APAssembly results 1978–2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930082331/http://archive.eci.gov.in/March2004/pollupd/ac/states/s01/Partycomp120.htm">Archived</a> 2007-09-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Election Commission of India.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151227185018/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf">"School Education Department"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=School+Education+Department&amp;rft.pub=School+Education+Department%2C+Government+of+Andhra+Pradesh&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frmsaap.nic.in%2FNotification_TSG_2015.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbum%2C+Andhra+Pradesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/">"The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal | AP State Portal"</a>. <i>www.ap.gov.in</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.ap.gov.in&amp;rft.atitle=The+Department+of+School+Education+%E2%80%93+Official+AP+State+Government+Portal+%7C+AP+State+Portal&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ap.gov.in%2Fdepartment%2Forganizations%2Fschool-education%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumbum%2C+Andhra+Pradesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prakasam_district" title="Template:Prakasam district"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prakasam_district" title="Template talk:Prakasam district"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prakasam_district" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prakasam district"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prakasam_district" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prakasam_district" title="Prakasam district">Prakasam district</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">District headquarters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ongole" title="Ongole">Ongole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prakasam_district#Divisions" title="Prakasam district">Revenue divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanigiri_revenue_division" title="Kanigiri revenue division">Kanigiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markapur_revenue_division" title="Markapur revenue division">Markapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongole_revenue_division" title="Ongole revenue division">Ongole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ongole" title="Ongole">Ongole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimakurthy" title="Chimakurthy">Chimakurthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darsi" title="Darsi">Darsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giddaluru" title="Giddaluru">Giddaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanigiri" title="Kanigiri">Kanigiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markapur" title="Markapur">Markapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanguturu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanguturu">Tanguturu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census_town" title="Census town">Census towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chirala" title="Chirala">Chirala</a> (CT)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cumbum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavaram,_Prakasam" title="Madhavaram, Prakasam">Madhavaram</a></li> <li>Mulaguntapadu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamur" title="Pamur">Pamur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podili" title="Podili">Podili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singarayakonda" title="Singarayakonda">Singarayakonda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td 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