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srcset="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/66702948768906f8f39b1e5d_flow-lights-1-mob-p-500.webp 500w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/66702948768906f8f39b1e5d_flow-lights-1-mob-p-800.webp 800w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/66702948768906f8f39b1e5d_flow-lights-1-mob.webp 991w" class="hero-bg__img-mobile"/><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/667023f99c2f9c9cd5ce818d_flow-lights-1.webp" loading="lazy" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1920px" srcset="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/667023f99c2f9c9cd5ce818d_flow-lights-1-p-500.webp 500w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/667023f99c2f9c9cd5ce818d_flow-lights-1-p-800.webp 800w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/667023f99c2f9c9cd5ce818d_flow-lights-1-p-1080.webp 1080w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/667023f99c2f9c9cd5ce818d_flow-lights-1.webp 1920w" class="hero-bg__img"/></div><main class="main-wrapper"><section data-w-id="83e9dd65-8100-0ab1-34e5-aa54602ccfae" class="hero is--columns"><div data-w-id="40c89e16-c56b-c4d7-e062-36ec61daabb5" class="c-large"><div class="w-layout-vflex hero_columns"><div id="w-node-_126596c8-b4ad-4842-91dd-28a472dbaeab-bab3c532" class="hero_grid is--short"><div class="heading__wrapper"><div class="mask margin-bottom-24"><h1 style="-webkit-transform:translate3d(0, 140%, 0) scale3d(1, 1, 1) rotateX(0) rotateY(0) rotateZ(0) skew(0, 0);-moz-transform:translate3d(0, 140%, 0) scale3d(1, 1, 1) rotateX(0) rotateY(0) rotateZ(0) skew(0, 0);-ms-transform:translate3d(0, 140%, 0) scale3d(1, 1, 1) rotateX(0) rotateY(0) rotateZ(0) skew(0, 0);transform:translate3d(0, 140%, 0) scale3d(1, 1, 1) rotateX(0) rotateY(0) rotateZ(0) skew(0, 0)" class="hero-uppertitle">Core Protocol</h1></div><div class="mask"><div style="-webkit-transform:translate3d(0, 150%, 0) scale3d(1, 1, 1) rotateX(0) rotateY(0) rotateZ(0) skew(0, 0);-moz-transform:translate3d(0, 150%, 0) scale3d(1, 1, 1) rotateX(0) rotateY(0) rotateZ(0) skew(0, 0);-ms-transform:translate3d(0, 150%, 0) scale3d(1, 1, 1) rotateX(0) rotateY(0) rotateZ(0) skew(0, 0);transform:translate3d(0, 150%, 0) scale3d(1, 1, 1) rotateX(0) rotateY(0) rotateZ(0) skew(0, 0)" class="w-layout-vflex hero-title"><div class="heading-medium text-weight-bold">Scaling without sharding, while maintaining composability and decentralization</div></div></div></div><div class="w-layout-vflex hero-subtitle-max-width"><div class="mask"><div style="-webkit-transform:translate3d(0, 150%, 0) scale3d(1, 1, 1) rotateX(0) rotateY(0) rotateZ(0) skew(0, 0);-moz-transform:translate3d(0, 150%, 0) scale3d(1, 1, 1) rotateX(0) rotateY(0) rotateZ(0) skew(0, 0);-ms-transform:translate3d(0, 150%, 0) scale3d(1, 1, 1) rotateX(0) rotateY(0) rotateZ(0) skew(0, 0);transform:translate3d(0, 150%, 0) scale3d(1, 1, 1) rotateX(0) rotateY(0) rotateZ(0) skew(0, 0)" class="hero-subtitle"><div class="subtitle-hero">Flow has pioneered a new paradigm of multi-role architecture that solves the core scaling problems of today’s blockchains without sharding.</div></div></div></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top"><div class="buttons__wrapper is--align-left"><a href="/core-protocol-vision" class="button-base is--white is--outline w-inline-block"><div class="button-content"><div class="text-size-small">Core Protocol Vision</div></div></a><a href="/data-availability-vision" class="button-base is--white is--outline w-inline-block"><div class="button-content"><div class="text-size-small">Data Availability Vision</div></div></a><a href="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/62f0de4b2f21085eca3fd2c6_Flow%20Primer.pdf" target="_blank" class="button-base is--white is--outline w-inline-block"><div class="button-content"><div class="text-size-small">Primer</div><div class="icon-embed-xsmall w-embed"><svg width=" 100%" height=" 100%" viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M7 17.9688L17 7.96875M17 7.96875H7M17 7.96875V17.9688" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg></div></div></a></div></div></div><div id="w-node-_46877bc7-6200-98b4-648e-94f6079f15d7-bab3c532" class="image__wrapper is--hero is--round-corners"><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/6304059115bf0566eabc3c70_node-types.gif" loading="lazy" alt=""/></div></div></div></section><section class="section-block"><div class="padding-global"><div class="padding-section-large"><div class="container-xlarge"><div data-w-id="d85bd948-64b2-8917-d422-d5f3d833a32f" class="zigzag__row"><div id="w-node-_7098bdb9-aafc-d88d-1a59-97ae5d7bae94-bab3c532" class="content__wrapper"><div class="w-layout-vflex"><h3 class="heading-small">Modular blockchain system orchestrated by a holistic protocol</h3></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-small"><p>Multi-role architecture is a horizontally scalable network that solves the common scalability & security issues with a protocol-native data availability stack, proposer builder separation, separation of compute, consensus & settlement – all without sharding. A permissionless network with separation of concerns orchestrated by a holistic protocol opens the door to massive scale for novel composable applications.</p></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-medium"><a data-w-id="b87aac7d-f581-118f-2440-85c81a35a4e4" href="https://flow.com/post/flow-blockchain-multi-node-architecture-advantages" target="_blank" class="button-link-icon w-inline-block"><div class="text-size-small">Learn more</div><div class="icon-embed-xsmall w-embed"><svg width=" 100%" height=" 100%" viewBox="0 0 20 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M4.1665 10.9701H15.8332M15.8332 10.9701L9.99984 5.13672M15.8332 10.9701L9.99984 16.8034" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg></div></a></div></div><div id="w-node-b085e00e-01ce-1aae-fe59-ae4c6963a55d-bab3c532" class="w-layout-vflex content__wrapper is--small"><div id="w-node-_93ba5770-8deb-cf42-b48d-02ccc2fdef3c-bab3c532" class="image__wrapper is--round-corners"><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e85204fed403214393bf_protocol-zig-zag-01.png" loading="lazy" alt="" srcset="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e85204fed403214393bf_protocol-zig-zag-01-p-500.png 500w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e85204fed403214393bf_protocol-zig-zag-01.png 776w" sizes="(max-width: 479px) 93vw, (max-width: 767px) 92vw, (max-width: 991px) 45vw, (max-width: 1279px) 35vw, (max-width: 1919px) 36vw, 544px" class="full-image"/></div></div></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-huge"><div class="zigzag__row"><div id="w-node-dfb1fcd3-15c9-f99a-c9b8-a2e3d0430032-bab3c532" class="content__wrapper"><div class="w-layout-vflex"><h3 class="heading-small">Horizontally-scaling data availability pioneering <em>modular</em> <em>Data Availability Shards</em></h3></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-small"><p>In Flow, the mempool for incoming transactions is horizontally distributed across independent clusters of specialized validators [Collectors]. Thereby, the number of transactions the Flow network can ingest is by orders of magnitude higher than the load any individual validator could handle. This solves the foundational hurdle of monolithic blockchains where the overall system's capacity is capped by the number of transactions an individual validator can handle (typically the 33-percentile of the slowest validators).</p></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-medium"><a data-w-id="b87aac7d-f581-118f-2440-85c81a35a4e4" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.07403.pdf" target="_blank" class="button-link-icon w-inline-block"><div class="text-size-small">Learn more</div><div class="icon-embed-xsmall w-embed"><svg width=" 100%" height=" 100%" viewBox="0 0 20 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M4.1665 10.9701H15.8332M15.8332 10.9701L9.99984 5.13672M15.8332 10.9701L9.99984 16.8034" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg></div></a></div></div><div id="w-node-a3a314bc-bebe-7511-8623-7534a64e07fd-bab3c532" class="w-layout-vflex content__wrapper is--small"><div id="w-node-dfb1fcd3-15c9-f99a-c9b8-a2e3d043003e-bab3c532" class="image__wrapper is--round-corners"><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e851ca5c934df7351a4a_protocol-zig-zag-02.png" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 479px) 93vw, (max-width: 767px) 92vw, (max-width: 991px) 45vw, (max-width: 1279px) 35vw, (max-width: 1919px) 36vw, 544px" srcset="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e851ca5c934df7351a4a_protocol-zig-zag-02-p-500.png 500w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e851ca5c934df7351a4a_protocol-zig-zag-02.png 810w" alt="" class="full-image"/></div></div></div></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-huge"><div class="zigzag__row"><div id="w-node-_5ffc4dc5-6225-33f0-e4e9-ce90ce2df3bc-bab3c532" class="content__wrapper"><div class="w-layout-vflex"><h3 class="heading-small">Censorship & MEV resistance via <em>Proposer Builder Separation</em></h3></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-small"><p>Unlike other blockchains where validators are incentivized for preferential treatment of certain transactions to the disadvantage of the average user (commonly referred to as miner-extractable value [MEV]), Flow natively provides censorship & MEV resistance which is achieved by designating specific validators for building transaction bundles that are separated from the validators proposing blocks (Consensus nodes).</p></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-medium"><a data-w-id="b87aac7d-f581-118f-2440-85c81a35a4e4" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.05832.pdf" target="_blank" class="button-link-icon w-inline-block"><div class="text-size-small">Learn more</div><div class="icon-embed-xsmall w-embed"><svg width=" 100%" height=" 100%" viewBox="0 0 20 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M4.1665 10.9701H15.8332M15.8332 10.9701L9.99984 5.13672M15.8332 10.9701L9.99984 16.8034" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg></div></a></div></div><div id="w-node-f60cfced-5a1d-772f-4a7a-27540461e33c-bab3c532" class="w-layout-vflex content__wrapper is--small"><div id="w-node-_5ffc4dc5-6225-33f0-e4e9-ce90ce2df3c8-bab3c532" class="image__wrapper is--round-corners"><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e851235c97e4095c2195_protocol-zig-zag-05.png" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 479px) 93vw, (max-width: 767px) 92vw, (max-width: 991px) 45vw, (max-width: 1279px) 35vw, (max-width: 1919px) 36vw, 544px" srcset="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e851235c97e4095c2195_protocol-zig-zag-05-p-500.png 500w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e851235c97e4095c2195_protocol-zig-zag-05-p-800.png 800w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e851235c97e4095c2195_protocol-zig-zag-05.png 924w" alt="" class="full-image"/></div></div></div></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-huge"><div data-w-id="796bc16d-13f5-4c47-8b7b-a9e76e3d9988" class="zigzag__row"><div id="w-node-_796bc16d-13f5-4c47-8b7b-a9e76e3d9989-bab3c532" class="content__wrapper"><div class="w-layout-vflex"><h3 class="heading-small">Protocol-native rollups and settlement on the order of seconds </h3></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-small"><p>With designated validators for transaction execution, Flow horizontally scales natively within the layer-1 protocol. Other chains commonly work around the fundamental scaling limitations of their layer-1 protocol by outsourcing scalability to a fragmented ecosystem of L2s - rollups, side chains, state channels, etc. Flow’s scaling without sharding approach provides superior developer experience, improves composability and interoperability of the entire ecosystem.</p></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-medium"><a data-w-id="b87aac7d-f581-118f-2440-85c81a35a4e4" href="https://flow.com/core-protocol-vision#parallel-execution" target="_blank" class="button-link-icon w-inline-block"><div class="text-size-small">Learn more</div><div class="icon-embed-xsmall w-embed"><svg width=" 100%" height=" 100%" viewBox="0 0 20 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M4.1665 10.9701H15.8332M15.8332 10.9701L9.99984 5.13672M15.8332 10.9701L9.99984 16.8034" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg></div></a></div></div><div id="w-node-a106a7e3-1f78-bd09-7d73-bdc2082593dd-bab3c532" class="w-layout-vflex content__wrapper is--small"><div id="w-node-_796bc16d-13f5-4c47-8b7b-a9e76e3d9995-bab3c532" class="image__wrapper is--round-corners"><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e851b0c2bfca401c4f81_protocol-zig-zag-03.png" loading="lazy" alt="" srcset="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e851b0c2bfca401c4f81_protocol-zig-zag-03-p-500.png 500w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e851b0c2bfca401c4f81_protocol-zig-zag-03.png 814w" sizes="100vw" class="full-image"/></div></div></div></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-huge"><div class="zigzag__row"><div id="w-node-_96842298-d5f6-3f66-71cd-8d32dd3ffc99-bab3c532" class="content__wrapper"><div class="w-layout-vflex"><h3 class="heading-small">Built for unmatched scalability & efficiency with separation of consensus & compute</h3></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-small"><p>Standard blockchains bundle consensus and execution while Flow decouples them. Separation of concerns significantly reduces redundant effort which will allow Flow to scale to thousands of times higher throughput and petabytes of state data at lower cost while maintaining a shared execution environment for all operations on the network. This enables better composability and sovereignty for applications built on Flow.</p></div><div class="w-layout-vflex margin-top margin-medium"><a data-w-id="b87aac7d-f581-118f-2440-85c81a35a4e4" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.05821.pdf" target="_blank" class="button-link-icon w-inline-block"><div class="text-size-small">Learn more</div><div class="icon-embed-xsmall w-embed"><svg width=" 100%" height=" 100%" viewBox="0 0 20 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M4.1665 10.9701H15.8332M15.8332 10.9701L9.99984 5.13672M15.8332 10.9701L9.99984 16.8034" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg></div></a></div></div><div id="w-node-_06d0890f-6d4d-61fa-045c-f8a6665cbd96-bab3c532" class="w-layout-vflex content__wrapper is--small"><div id="w-node-_96842298-d5f6-3f66-71cd-8d32dd3ffca2-bab3c532" class="image__wrapper is--round-corners"><img src="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e852b92adc234b6d94c1_protocol-zig-zag-04.png" loading="lazy" sizes="100vw" srcset="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e852b92adc234b6d94c1_protocol-zig-zag-04-p-500.png 500w, https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5f734f4dbd95382f4fdfa0ea/64f9e852b92adc234b6d94c1_protocol-zig-zag-04.png 796w" alt="" class="full-image"/></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="section__subscribe"><div class="padding-global"><div class="container-xlarge"><div class="padding-section-large"><div class="w-layout-grid subscribe_wrapper"><div id="w-node-_97eba86a-2618-b861-d064-f118f51b6193-f51b618e" class="image__wrapper is--subscribe"><div class="subscribe-icon w-embed"><svg width="146" height="146" viewBox="0 0 146 146" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <circle cx="73" cy="73" r="72" fill="white"/> <path d="M105.26 61.0537H84.7578V81.5558H105.26V61.0537Z" fill="#262626"/> <path d="M64.2693 89.2369C64.2693 90.7589 63.818 92.2468 62.9724 93.5123C62.1268 94.7778 60.9249 95.7642 59.5187 96.3466C58.1125 96.9291 56.5652 97.0815 55.0724 96.7846C53.5796 96.4876 52.2084 95.7547 51.1322 94.6785C50.0559 93.6022 49.323 92.231 49.0261 90.7382C48.7291 89.2454 48.8815 87.6981 49.464 86.2919C50.0464 84.8857 51.0328 83.6839 52.2983 82.8383C53.5639 81.9927 55.0517 81.5413 56.5737 81.5413H64.2693V61.0537H56.5737C50.9996 61.0537 45.5507 62.7066 40.916 65.8034C36.2813 68.9002 32.669 73.3018 30.5359 78.4516C28.4028 83.6014 27.8447 89.2681 28.9321 94.7351C30.0196 100.202 32.7038 105.224 36.6452 109.165C40.5867 113.107 45.6085 115.791 51.0755 116.879C56.5425 117.966 62.2092 117.408 67.359 115.275C72.5088 113.142 76.9104 109.529 80.0072 104.895C83.104 100.26 84.7569 94.811 84.7569 89.2369V81.5413H64.2693V89.2369Z" fill="#262626"/> <path d="M92.4487 50.8039H115.506V30.3018H92.4487C84.9764 30.3094 77.8124 33.2812 72.5287 38.5649C67.245 43.8486 64.2732 51.0126 64.2656 58.4849V61.0549H84.7532V58.4849C84.757 56.4465 85.5695 54.4928 87.0123 53.0527C88.455 51.6127 90.4102 50.8039 92.4487 50.8039Z" fill="#262626"/> </svg></div></div><div id="w-node-_8a6a8b10-414d-ba02-ea8d-060678ae4f14-f51b618e" class="subscribe_right"><div class="heading-subheading__wrapper"><div class="heading__wrapper is--subscribe"><h3 class="heading-medium">Stay up to date with the latest news on Flow.</h3></div><div id="w-node-e32e5607-42c9-ab12-5e56-a46a8ff036c8-f51b618e" class="subheading__wrapper"><p class="text-size-regular">Stay up to date with the latest news on Flow.</p></div></div><div class="subscribe__form"><div class="up-to-date-form-wrapper w-form"><form id="subscriptionForm" name="email-form" data-name="Email Form" method="get" class="up-to-date-form" data-wf-page-id="64f9e4f9e1d43620bab3c532" data-wf-element-id="e32e5607-42c9-ab12-5e56-a46a8ff036cc"><input class="text-field-60px w-input" maxlength="256" name="Email" data-name="Email" placeholder="Enter your email address" type="email" id="email" required=""/><input type="submit" data-wait="Please wait..." class="primary-button submit w-button" value="Submit"/></form><div class="success-message w-form-done"><div>Thank you! 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