CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "journals.aps.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '928640ac4aeafce8',cH: 'k8ibQKVZbyuLtAYDkHxbWCP5wiH.0Knap92V5IvBSA4-1743323506-1.2.1.1-soktMqd8nPDRbnAmC_HWnVZoxjyjcz6xQGvBQguGcp34Fl8IGe3Q6VErHp_ksBuP',cUPMDTk: "\/prd\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevD.56.6298?__cf_chl_tk=MMZEcN7deCGZPEI6RXU.HWvzIT0a3Dlvnu7eYocOQYM-1743323506-1.0.1.1-EB9YXo0AVfAG8dNUJQ1Pn9u9L.olBbnu987FJhbgOpc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1743323506',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/prd\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevD.56.6298?__cf_chl_f_tk=MMZEcN7deCGZPEI6RXU.HWvzIT0a3Dlvnu7eYocOQYM-1743323506-1.0.1.1-EB9YXo0AVfAG8dNUJQ1Pn9u9L.olBbnu987FJhbgOpc",md: "AB2enSYsqTYZ1bPbsdqTmd3isYVhR362QED4csVbmfQ-1743323506-1.2.1.1-E9mZpBvgEQRYrcCMn2VL7_tkWR2OZWxKgWElODQrwegV02B.iZJeZo7wuu5XhkPS5mZCdo7a5n1u08gaSLWV.L5MrHvXPKcfFzcQ_5TN1jxWBcKgxNkVYmqmJJuDH8Y_i3a7LL24nGY.KGxMvMamg1hbQgc18z.3Z67hnz_vtTn0ivtl9UqPB_JUTFeHW5BGR0Q5Q9a3E56ex6deNo8GImNhikhznHMgQHgQK8SkWW4cxb6SG49sra4jRsAyYkshK9oVlmlvQMXeOcZvBTgG1Aoo0fxvMQRVV2NaWn5jGO7QoDKlZ8pwoJ2J2MNzOoCOZohYJa6EC1saXjeYy3_PdsZveLr4KPmrSCh_y1X61OFhiXh4t4eBe3bTSgVbT4VvBHNdmQ_L_jrvLhzo2WbjllQJAgQQma_CKIEAe0cOF7Gl4fQ4jtTdqMyRwlkEeNT6_hyRfUXLfHNCdHHN9F.lC3dktugkrjUWshMK70HnALacrvJHxV1OIK4a33N5qGdrJxy6peYHToO1qTJZuOXElYEj08yEEfmE39no4.9GB3mdZ7xhn9hXIsCUZLVqmL.LiIt0dU8kJryAIZ1789e9SZ2129dw7WOi_RJ68.oyAlRqSbOr_E8f0C5cZMusXDGvs5j7rbAjieqXqae8f9zhWvF0T74SvhftBHe9Aa697C2uDTjXq7NPegfFdnNzvA8LZ5HLHm9og_IIrFie609R_mt4PCOe4CMOnycxGORm2_hUrVE3mG8G.8eLbbfN1BiH5_E8w2wGFCEGxQQ0BfY6TbwlxpJ46rErk9KG04PbiD77AWyT85qH3fPWbd8kDnYOsn42pIkYJMwzzHzrN7ufiFTjIkKvSuotQupB2eMXhxWm9sLG7vaThAftG4NPk.IuQHmbbzjURZQRZtpdbXPn6GgKGxF0lmU_ucFMyNA8AgerJIDZhyWGB.aMBh2orllOjKvyMZ5FlxZN8lCaSD72YKMnJfUzYVhX0VVOKSmeR6TEmqD3CUdQiA1fl2YljEHGw47C7KdIZkTemAYqGL3svkxf9acbpHXEdXTZDk2oajUmWDJMZSS4BU8eQJBn9XGl4txnaAyGzxArctOUMXBpXO8J80Ip77gu6kkupdNUEUwghoYCerWornL5sPSiTgkRYY8Tee88mIUA6UanwQZ3s40GJ5YBSHoW2uqMiFDgez1I678WPcC4oxEng2HkSHzU0xRdfL5qZHx7w7UGSiVezpmSVUrBi56WwyYduSpDUqRcPN3FhLVIR2zQ_VxY1wGhZGi8NIsCiuAiHkZOEb9CVg",mdrd: "QeSAlEL9irrLzr3fHTHtyu3JWah7NOqyM7WgE0gg8Jg-1743323506-1.2.1.1-n_G9sirFmOoTDPnh4qCNtn0gZj6Z85tsTmsMTvvhqURMgoEzzpfsRxHDXyRY_1LOoROWehcJ8remTJwPB.LqOQYKU8sTF0ZfSXbltpXxL2lHmlTkSBtyi6NYqJ0S1hECG2gDTyHk.EDlufZAYNPUFIK3rlbDKJw02mMgsntczjvKFfQckDLVr0Nqy.yG2Gsq.paVZ_2ZM.oZ2kYqtZO4VngA2PFGm.occDVkY0XLv7nKhl2cBLtUIWRF.xE8sItywQNBkz_s6.debnusMB7MObyz4hwserE0vy1sqlcSFqkhBpL8wIv1Ukix1FrD.xkF15kwMcFLtT.YS9VWCfw3eJ5cP2EcnHALeVdgf4zC8e_FrAGfCVDZk8uLmDRYE8ZGJihUDf.hipo18iGxNbD2l8y4z0SfT2oSZd77umKH0d.JB6A_pRHkbJt8tpXncHu7dYh85HrH0XR35MKYSNBjPSs0cZzBixdcOeEnWWcktle0h85rn_oS5K58McxOxCR04MZ2rYFShS.tMlM8C1UkWfdgdgr1dVRpTCkB9nEybNpu5XkPTSHfJmnvnOER37dwkX_EPSQ0pvC.kxwq6UZYnhxqtRkcrISSanCbrqRlJ_IAzpmhBWN6Y74zz227SIaFJ5xjh4uAVrikBXWgt6bLgWQlMj8703dr2hzlLeksh2B8wKun9xwfmCOzpp6zPho_t8WD39rbJQfXZtttpl76kIY2cfvyTqUODmHWeYZzoLkjJdaZMukOjApwmmuzETifoKAprBeilYfVC4vfoBdYs417Z0WI4_LnQ5qDN10rFQQVrdBG_yBOvcJhl9ro33wpnjUQaqBQL1uF8bwRUy8rczX3ne7S6aFR65l_QB.UhlbUrD444_EkhI.ydkeVD7YgG1fWTNNkM_KQncGqbKUS_gQ16jy11z5Kvpj_MgKEAelh8uMJ1czdsmMu_FPHDUfu8RdRGRPVFQhxnDdJGqLbGInDdzUrdAyvzK4cv9h_u5nfpKvb70D.LkFgXmo61jvNJcwmr_jP.Ry0J84E.3xQjUWjeuiESVVp.qTqUUS5hOPZPugfIV9B1OzjX_x1Tc24J222wD3pXkPcjjehe_XlfTDU2dT7nSZw5YgBf3JjwzFojjYs7FTFSjerh0gTzQsy5Q75dBJFYRkqagBqzLjk5TpzT2OSnIaumJrsyJY9J0Q5utPWG.ub9vQQpoksV.N1mPRdtIdcpW2yBoMk8Lz6ZTruyBuRBZQi1Nj1XDH5fxGVjQ8i7iTm4kWg59DFHFlvW0j3Eu9b2lUmW5K_QbvNqQx.5k9YU5niz6zuux9qv0azbIdrroRdtJzoTYjUbr.kSVsgpEtS1TMA2weM_JIlr7oycsVzHoXeJpYXvsIAjEKv7BUzpiuorGMGaaTHZMHCaMTGs7MyvJ.NMR3QIZby9VWdhSkuPsUjyRgDbSX97cwbJ4g3NCbBsaFY_ArpEj12IvZwA2UmOxaU32bvIAGIeYwYvEerbDk.Pxo86hS1zWBbpA4QYYy8d3L1CRl_.BdBNKESCu9ze.UOaIWhdOCuhSa9XCcQ2XeiuA_ga9Ecp2Jyk9kf0eAumYxGy4PcIbW5Jlt7TYhfsTg79d7.TpZpIBOT6IqcJDTGvyPYsn7i_AEWpEazus1DUsssrXsHBK.CQ5k3SzMhuNTKPJow43wZr99bR_ei78FVAxuBWK5Volc3lKqnuNfb7VFdDEiP1hrNl_PRAr3IaiCNcxTANaNwsKuCPmq9BbMRTbqIx6F6ZY5jHrC.IaeYDcg8XyMPfin4yxDmJgXC4D43Du2NGJ8Wys4DuPEjyd.pYtZgE6chXepooydLlXWUmUuShWyz5i6WsyS0dWkZJotumYvP0uWx_wTWaHUKnHr_okDu5FRYLEPI7tuDS1fqbGT3MTpr601Hl8BWci30Fvs1cH07.VqaBEeb2vYJSdymj4eDDEqsyZnCO_jZUWDt89znbqHZg8hIxdfmFhYjajJO7MUpL6rSvQUifm4tmT8f9tOYBjbG2aI2tSJ4sTsEZK5qcRa6DK4W"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=928640ac4aeafce8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/prd\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevD.56.6298?__cf_chl_rt_tk=MMZEcN7deCGZPEI6RXU.HWvzIT0a3Dlvnu7eYocOQYM-1743323506-1.0.1.1-EB9YXo0AVfAG8dNUJQ1Pn9u9L.olBbnu987FJhbgOpc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>