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April | 2016 | code.flickr.com
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</header><!-- #branding --> <div id="main"> <section id="primary"> <div id="content" role="main"> <header class="page-header"> <h1 class="page-title"> Monthly Archives: <span>April 2016</span> </h1> </header> <article id="post-3394" class="post-3394 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-api-2 category-open-source tag-api tag-javascript tag-node-js"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://code.flickr.net/2016/04/25/introducing-yakbak-record-and-playback-http-interactions-in-nodejs/" rel="bookmark">Introducing yakbak: Record and playback HTTP interactions in NodeJS</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="sep">Posted on </span><a href="https://code.flickr.net/2016/04/25/introducing-yakbak-record-and-playback-http-interactions-in-nodejs/" title="7:22 pm" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date" datetime="2016-04-25T19:22:18-07:00">April 25, 2016</time></a><span class="by-author"> <span class="sep"> by </span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://code.flickr.net/author/jeremyruppel/" title="View all posts by jeremyruppel" rel="author">jeremyruppel</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-content"> <p><b></b><span style="font-weight:400;">Did you know that the new Front End of <a href="https://www.flickr.com" target="_blank">www.flickr.com</a> is one big Flickr API client? Writing a client for an existing API or service can be a lot of fun, but decoupling and testing that client can be quite tricky. There are many different approaches to taking the backing service out of the equation when it comes to writing tests for client code. Today we’ll discuss the pros and cons of some of these approaches, describe how the Flickr Front End team tests service-dependent libraries, and introduce you to our new NodeJS HTTP playback module: </span><a href="https://github.com/flickr/yakbak"><span style="font-weight:400;">yakbak</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;">!</span></p> <p><b>Scenario: Testing a Flickr API Client</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">Let’s jump into some code, shall we? Suppose we’re testing a (very, very simple) photo search API client:</span></p> <p><a href="https://gist.github.com/jeremyruppel/fd25c723a5962a49936f174d765aa11a" rel="nofollow">https://gist.github.com/jeremyruppel/fd25c723a5962a49936f174d765aa11a</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">Currently, this code will make an HTTP request to the Flickr API on every test run. This is less than desirable for several reasons:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight:400;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User-generated_content"><i><span style="font-weight:400;">UGC</span></i></a><i><span style="font-weight:400;"> is unpredictable</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. In this test, we’re asserting that the response code is an HTTP 200, but obviously our client code needs to provide the response data to be useful. It’s impossible to write a meaningful and predictable test against live content.</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Traffic is unpredictable</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. This photos search API call usually takes ~150ms for simple queries, but a more complex query or a call during peak traffic may take longer.</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Downtime is unpredictable</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. Every service has downtime (the term is </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_availability"><span style="font-weight:400;">“four nines,”</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;"> not “one hundred percent” for a reason), and if your service is down, your client tests will fail.</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Networks are unpredictable</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. Have you ever tried coding on a plane? Enough said.</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">We want our test suite to be consistent, predictable, and fast. We’re also only trying to test our client code, not the API. Let’s take a look at some ways to replace the API with a control, allowing us to predictably test the client code.</span></p> <p><b>Approach 1: Stub the HTTP client methods</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">We’re using </span><a href="https://github.com/visionmedia/superagent"><span style="font-weight:400;">superagent</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;"> as our HTTP client, so we could use a mocking library like </span><a href="http://sinonjs.org/"><span style="font-weight:400;">sinon</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;"> to stub out superagent’s Request methods:</span></p> <p><a href="https://gist.github.com/jeremyruppel/8b837f439663db325aaa2437a2259934" rel="nofollow">https://gist.github.com/jeremyruppel/8b837f439663db325aaa2437a2259934</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">With these changes, we never actually make an HTTP request to the API during a test run. Now our test is predictable, controlled, and it runs </span><b>crazy fast</b><span style="font-weight:400;">. However, this approach has some major drawbacks:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight:400;"><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Tightly coupled with superagent.</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> We’re all up in the client’s implementation details here, so if superagent ever changes their API, we’ll need to correct our tests to match. Likewise, if we ever want to use a different HTTP client, we’ll need to correct our tests as well.</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Difficult to specify the full HTTP response</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. Here we’re only specifying the </span><span style="font-weight:400;">statusCode</span><span style="font-weight:400;">; what about when we need to specify the body or the headers? Talk about verbose.</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Not necessarily accurate</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. We’re trusting the test author to provide a fake response that matches what the actual server would send back. What happens if the API changes the response schema? Some unhappy developer will have to manually update the tests to match reality (probably an intern, let’s be honest).</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">We’ve at least managed to replace the service with a control in our tests, but we can do (slightly) better.</span></p> <p><b>Approach 2: Mock the NodeJS HTTP module</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">Every NodeJS HTTP client will eventually delegate to the standard NodeJS http module to perform the network request. This means we can intercept the request at a low level by using a tool like </span><a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/nock"><span style="font-weight:400;">nock</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;">:</span></p> <p><a href="https://gist.github.com/jeremyruppel/d92a62400f635b42249adc041cdecc96" rel="nofollow">https://gist.github.com/jeremyruppel/d92a62400f635b42249adc041cdecc96</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">Great! We’re no longer stubbing out superagent and we can still control the HTTP response. This avoids the HTTP client coupling from the previous step, but still has many similar drawbacks:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">We’re still completely implementation-dependent. If we want to pass a new query string parameter to our service, for example, we’ll also need to add it to the test so that nock will match the request.</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">It’s still laborious to specify the response headers, body, etc.</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">It’s still difficult to make sure the response body always matches reality.</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">At this point, it’s worth noting that none of these bullet points were an issue back when we were actually making the HTTP request. So, let’s do exactly that (once!).</span></p> <p><b>Approach 3: Record and playback the HTTP interaction</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">The Ruby community created the excellent </span><a href="https://github.com/vcr/vcr"><span style="font-weight:400;">VCR</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;"> gem for recording and replaying HTTP interactions during tests. Recorded HTTP requests exist as “tapes”, which are just files with some sort of format describing the interaction. The basic workflow goes like this:</span></p> <ol> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">The client makes an actual HTTP request.</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">VCR sits in front of the system’s HTTP library and intercepts the request.</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">If VCR has a tape matching the request, it simply replays the response to the client.</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Otherwise, VCR lets the HTTP request through to the service, records the interaction to a new tape on disk and plays it back to the client.</span></li> </ol> <p><b>Introducing yakbak</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">Today we’re open-sourcing </span><a href="https://github.com/flickr/yakbak"><span style="font-weight:400;">yakbak</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;">, our take on recording and playing back HTTP interactions in NodeJS. Here’s what our tests look like with a yakbak proxy:</span></p> <p><a href="https://gist.github.com/jeremyruppel/7050b34342a10d8e3dd8bc2dba0d50c0" rel="nofollow">https://gist.github.com/jeremyruppel/7050b34342a10d8e3dd8bc2dba0d50c0</a></p> <p>Here we’ve created a standard NodeJS http.Server with our proxy middleware. We’ve also configured our client to point to the proxy server instead of the origin service. Look, no implementation details!</p> <p>yakbak tries to do things The Node Way™ wherever possible. For example, each yakbak “tape” is actually its own module that simply exports an http.Server handler, which <span style="font-weight:400;">allows us to do some really cool things. For example, it’s trivial to create a server that always responds a certain way. Since the tape’s hash is based solely on the incoming request, we can easily edit the response however we like. We’re also kicking around a </span><a href="https://github.com/flickr/yakbak/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Aenhancement"><span style="font-weight:400;">handful of enhancements</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;"> that should make yakbak an even more powerful development tool. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">Thanks to yakbak, we’ve been writing fast, consistent, and reliable tests for our HTTP clients and applications. Want to give it a spin? Check it out today: </span><a href="https://github.com/flickr/yakbak"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://github.com/flickr/yakbak</span></a></p> <p><b>P.S. We’re hiring!</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">Do you love development tooling and helping keep teams on the latest and greatest technology? Or maybe you just want to help build the best home for your photos on the entire internet? </span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/jobs"><span style="font-weight:400;">We’re hiring Front End Ops</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;"> and tons of other great positions. We’d love to hear from you!</span></p> </div><!-- .entry-content --> <footer class="entry-meta"> <span class="cat-links"> <span class="entry-utility-prep entry-utility-prep-cat-links">Posted in</span> <a href="https://code.flickr.net/category/api-2/" rel="category tag">API</a>, <a href="https://code.flickr.net/category/open-source/" rel="category tag">open source</a> </span> <span class="sep"> | </span> <span class="tag-links"> <span class="entry-utility-prep entry-utility-prep-tag-links">Tagged</span> <a href="https://code.flickr.net/tag/api/" rel="tag">api</a>, <a href="https://code.flickr.net/tag/javascript/" rel="tag">javascript</a>, <a href="https://code.flickr.net/tag/node-js/" rel="tag">node.js</a> </span> </footer><!-- .entry-meta --> </article><!-- #post-3394 --> <article id="post-3370" class="post-3370 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open-source"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://code.flickr.net/2016/04/05/our-justified-layout-goes-open-source/" rel="bookmark">Our Justified Layout Goes Open Source</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="sep">Posted on </span><a href="https://code.flickr.net/2016/04/05/our-justified-layout-goes-open-source/" title="5:01 pm" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date" datetime="2016-04-05T17:01:53-07:00">April 5, 2016</time></a><span class="by-author"> <span class="sep"> by </span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://code.flickr.net/author/jimwhimpey/" title="View all posts by jimwhimpey" rel="author">jimwhimpey</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-content"> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">We introduced the justified layout on Flickr.com late in 2011. Our community of photographers loved it for its ability to efficiently display many photos at their native aspect ratio with visually pleasing, consistent whitespace, so we quickly added it to the rest of the website.</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/onlywhenchased/albums/72157625187496924"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-3315" src="https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/43693/14259021/e4aede8e-fa59-11e5-9fca-bf86ae5bc2e1.png" alt="Justified Example" width="805" height="244" /></a></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">It’s been through many iterations and optimizations. From back when we were primarily on the </span><a href="http://code.flickr.net/2013/06/"><span style="font-weight:400;">PHP stack</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;"> to our lovely new JavaScript based isomorphic stack. Last year Eric Socolofsky did </span><a href="http://code.flickr.net/2015/03/24/much-photos/"><span style="font-weight:400;">a great job explaining how the algorithm works</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;"> and how it fits into a larger infrastructure for Flickr specifically.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">In the years following its launch, we’ve had requests from our front end colleagues in other teams across Yahoo for a reusable package that does photo (or any rectangle) presentation like this, but it’s always been too tightly coupled to our stack to separate it out and hand it over. Until now! Today we’re publishing the </span><a href="http://flickr.github.io/justified-layout/"><span style="font-weight:400;">justified-layout algorithm wrapped in an npm module</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;"> for you to use on the server, or client, in your own projects.</span></p> <h2><b>Install/Download</b></h2> <pre><span style="font-weight:400;">npm install justified-layout --save</span></pre> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">Or grab it directly </span><a href="https://github.com/flickr/justified-layout"><span style="font-weight:400;">from Github</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;">.</span></p> <h2><b>Using it</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">It’s really easy to use. No configuration is required. Just pass in an array of aspect ratios representing the photos/boxes you’d like to lay out:</span></p> <pre><span style="font-weight:400;">var layoutGeometry = require('justified-layout')([1.33, 1, 0.65] [, config]);</span></pre> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">If you only have dimensions and don’t want an extra step to convert them to aspect ratios, you can pass in an array of widths and heights like this:</span></p> <p><a href="https://gist.github.com/jimwhimpey/825377b78ef8d9b10e702aa6adc41eb4" rel="nofollow">https://gist.github.com/jimwhimpey/825377b78ef8d9b10e702aa6adc41eb4</a></p> <h2><b>What it returns</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">The geometry data for the layout items, in the same order they’re passed in.</span></p> <p><a href="https://gist.github.com/jimwhimpey/faaf2c95809647abcbea481d8445ecf9" rel="nofollow">https://gist.github.com/jimwhimpey/faaf2c95809647abcbea481d8445ecf9</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">This is the extent of what the module provides. There’s no rendering component. It’s up to you to use this data to render boxes the way you want. Use absolute positioning, background positions, canvas, generate a static image on the backend, whatever you like! There’s a very basic implementation used on </span><a href="https://github.com/flickr/justified-layout/blob/gh-pages/index.html#L21-L33"><span style="font-weight:400;">the demo and docs page</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;">.</span></p> <h2><b>Configuration</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">It’s highly likely the defaults don’t satisfy your requirements; they don’t even satisfy ours. There’s a full set of configuration options to customize the output just the way you want. My favorite is the </span><span style="font-weight:400;">fullWidthBreakoutRowCadence</span><span style="font-weight:400;"> option that we use </span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/cameron_obscura/sets/72157651385352366"><span style="font-weight:400;">on album pages</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;">. All config options are documented on the </span><a href="http://flickr.github.io/justified-layout/#options"><span style="font-weight:400;">docs and demo page</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;">.</span></p> <h2><b>Compatibility</b></h2> <ul> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Latest Chrome</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Latest Safari</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Latest Firefox</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Latest Mobile Safari</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">IE 9+</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Node 0.10+</span></li> </ul> <h2><b>The future</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">The justified layout algorithm is just one part of our photo list infrastructure. Following this, we’ll be open sourcing more modules for handling data, handling state, reverse layouts, appending and prepending items for pagination. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">We welcome your feedback, issues and contributions </span><a href="https://github.com/flickr/justified-layout"><span style="font-weight:400;">on Github</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;">.</span></p> <h2><b>P.S. Open Source at Flickr</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">This is the first of quite a bit of code we have in the works for open source release. If working on open source projects appeals to you, </span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/jobs/"><span style="font-weight:400;">we’re hiring</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;">!</span></p> <p> </p> </div><!-- .entry-content --> <footer class="entry-meta"> <span class="cat-links"> <span class="entry-utility-prep entry-utility-prep-cat-links">Posted in</span> <a href="https://code.flickr.net/category/open-source/" rel="category tag">open source</a> </span> </footer><!-- .entry-meta --> </article><!-- #post-3370 --> </div><!-- #content --> </section><!-- #primary --> <div id="secondary" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="jetpack-search-filters-3" class="widget jetpack-filters widget_search"> <div id="jetpack-search-filters-3-wrapper" class="jetpack-instant-search-wrapper"> <div class="jetpack-search-form"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://code.flickr.net/"> <label for="s" class="assistive-text">Search</label> <input type="text" class="field" 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