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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NFS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NFS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>NFS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NFS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%A8" title="اف اس تب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اف اس تب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab" title="Fstab – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Fstab" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14717#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">System configuration file</div> <p><b>fstab</b> (after <i><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file systems</a> table</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/System_file" title="System file">system file</a> commonly found in the directory <a href="/wiki//etc" class="mw-redirect" title="/etc"><code>/etc</code></a> on <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> computer systems. In <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, it is part of the <a href="/wiki/Util-linux" title="Util-linux">util-linux</a> package. The fstab file typically lists all available disk <a href="/wiki/Partition_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Partition (computing)">partitions</a> and other types of file systems and data sources that may not necessarily be disk-based, and indicates how they are to be initialized or otherwise integrated into the larger <a href="/wiki/Unix_directory_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Unix directory structure">file system structure</a>. </p><p>The fstab file is read by the <code><a href="/wiki/Mount_(Unix)" title="Mount (Unix)">mount</a></code> command, which happens automatically at boot time to determine the overall file system structure, and thereafter when a user executes the <code>mount</code> command to modify that structure. It is the duty of the <a href="/wiki/System_administrator" title="System administrator">system administrator</a> to properly create and maintain the fstab file. </p><p>While fstab is used for basic system configuration, for other uses, it has been superseded by automatic mounting mechanisms. </p><p>The file has other names on some versions of <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>; for example, it is found at <code>/etc/vfstab</code> on <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a> systems. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fstab&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Modern use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fstab file is read by programs that work with disk partitions and other file systems and is not automatically maintained. Instead it is written by the system administrator or sometimes by an operating system installation program. However, some administration tools can automatically build and edit fstab, or act as graphical editors for it. </p><p>Modern Linux systems use <a href="/wiki/Udev" title="Udev">udev</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Automounter" title="Automounter">automounter</a> to handle the <a href="/wiki/Hot_swapping" title="Hot swapping">hot swapping</a> of devices (such as MP3 players or digital cameras) instead of relying on fstab. Programs such as <a href="/wiki/Pmount" class="mw-redirect" title="Pmount">pmount</a> allow ordinary users to <a href="/wiki/Mount_(Unix)" title="Mount (Unix)">mount</a> and unmount filesystems without a corresponding fstab entry; traditional Unix has always allowed privileged users (the <a href="/wiki/Superuser" title="Superuser">root user</a> and users in the <a href="/wiki/Wheel_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheel group">wheel group</a>) to mount or unmount devices without a corresponding fstab entry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example">Example</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fstab&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Example"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is an example of an fstab file on a typical <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> system. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sh mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># device-spec mount-point fs-type options dump pass</span> <span class="nv">LABEL</span><span class="o">=</span>/<span class="w"> </span>/<span class="w"> </span>ext4<span class="w"> </span>defaults<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span> /dev/sda6<span class="w"> </span>none<span class="w"> </span>swap<span class="w"> </span>defaults<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span> none<span class="w"> </span>/dev/pts<span class="w"> </span>devpts<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">gid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">5</span>,mode<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">620</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span> none<span class="w"> </span>/proc<span class="w"> </span>proc<span class="w"> </span>defaults<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span> none<span class="w"> </span>/dev/shm<span class="w"> </span>tmpfs<span class="w"> </span>defaults<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span> <span class="c1"># Removable media</span> /dev/cdrom<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/cdrom<span class="w"> </span>udf,iso9660<span class="w"> </span>noauto,owner,ro<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span> <span class="c1"># NTFS Windows 7 partition</span> /dev/sda1<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/Windows<span class="w"> </span>ntfs-3g<span class="w"> </span>quiet,defaults,locale<span class="o">=</span>en_US.utf8,umask<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span>,noexec<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span> <span class="c1"># Partition shared by Windows and Linux</span> /dev/sda7<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/shared<span class="w"> </span>vfat<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">umask</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span> <span class="c1"># Mounting tmpfs</span> tmpfs<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/tmpfschk<span class="w"> </span>tmpfs<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">size</span><span class="o">=</span>100m<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span> <span class="c1"># Mounting cifs</span> //cifs_name/store<span class="w"> </span>/store/pingu<span class="w"> </span>cifs<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">credentials</span><span class="o">=</span>/root/smbpass.txt<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span> <span class="c1"># Mounting NFS</span> nfs_name:/store<span class="w"> </span>/store<span class="w"> </span>nfs<span class="w"> </span>rw<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span> </pre></div> <p>The order of records in fstab is important because fsck(8), mount(8), and umount(8) sequentially iterate through fstab and mount in the order defined.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blank lines and comment lines beginning with a "#" are ignored. </p><p>The space or tab-separated fields within each row must appear in a specific order: </p> <ol><li><i>device-spec</i> – The device name, label, <a href="/wiki/UUID" class="mw-redirect" title="UUID">UUID</a>, or other means of specifying the partition or data source this entry refers to.</li> <li><i>mount-point</i> – Where the contents of the device may be accessed after <a href="/wiki/Mount_(computing)" title="Mount (computing)">mounting</a>; for <a href="/wiki/Paging" class="mw-redirect" title="Paging">swap</a> partitions or files, this is set to <code>none</code>.</li> <li><i>fs-type</i> – The type of file system to be mounted.</li> <li><i>options</i> – Options describing various other aspects of the file system, such as whether it is automatically mounted at boot, which users may mount or access it, whether it may be written to or only read from, its size, and so forth; the special option <code>defaults</code> refers to a pre-determined set of options depending on the file system type.</li> <li><i>dump</i> – A number indicating whether and how often the file system should be <a href="/wiki/Backup" title="Backup">backed up</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Dump_(Unix)" title="Dump (Unix)">dump</a> program; a zero indicates the file system will never be automatically backed up.</li> <li><i>pass</i> – A number indicating the order in which the <a href="/wiki/Fsck" title="Fsck">fsck</a> program will check the devices for errors at boot time:</li></ol> <dl><dd><dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>0 - do not check</li><li>1 - check immediately during boot</li><li>2 - check after boot</li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Missing values in the last two fields are interpreted as zeros. If necessary, <a href="/wiki/Space_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Space character">space characters</a> in the first, second, and fourth fields are indicated by <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+0040</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">@</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMMERCIAL AT</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Options_common_to_all_filesystems">Options common to all filesystems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fstab&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Options common to all filesystems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><p><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-inline">‹The <a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">template</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Template:How-to" title="Template:How-to">How-to</a></i> is being <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_25#Template:How-to" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 25">considered for merging</a>.›</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style></p><table class="box-Howto plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#NOTHOWTO" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">instructions, advice, or how-to content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fstab&action=edit">rewrite the content</a> so that it is more encyclopedic or <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Transwiki" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Transwiki">move</a> it to <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">Wikiversity</a>, <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="b:">Wikibooks</a>, or <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="voy:">Wikivoyage</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt><code>auto</code> / <code>noauto</code></dt> <dd>With the <code>auto</code> option, the device will be mounted automatically at bootup or when the mount -a command is issued. <code>auto</code> is the default option. For the device not to be mounted automatically, the <code>noauto</code> option is used in /etc/fstab. With <code>noauto</code>, the device can be only mounted explicitly.</dd> <dt><code>dev</code> / <code>nodev</code></dt> <dd>Controls behavior of the interpretation of block special devices on the filesystem.</dd> <dt><code>exec</code> / <code>noexec</code></dt> <dd><code>exec</code> lets binaries that are on the partition be executed, whereas <code>noexec</code> is the opposite. <code>noexec</code> might be useful for a partition that contains no binaries, like /var, or contains binaries the user may not want to execute on the system, or that cannot even be executed on the system, as might be the case of a Windows partition.</dd> <dt><code>rw</code> / <code>ro</code></dt> <dd>Mount the filesystem in either read write or read only mode. Explicitly defining a file system as <code>rw</code> can alleviate some problems in file systems that default to read only, as can be the case with floppies or <a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a> partitions.</dd> <dt><code>sync</code> / <code>async</code></dt> <dd>How the input and output to the filesystem should be done. <code>sync</code> means it is done synchronously. Looking at the example fstab, this is the option used with the floppy. This means that when, for example, a file is copied to the floppy, the changes are physically written to the floppy at the same time copy command is issued.</dd> <dt><code>suid</code> / <code>nosuid</code></dt> <dd>Controls the behavior of the operation of <a href="/wiki/Setuid" title="Setuid">suid</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Setgid" class="mw-redirect" title="Setgid">sgid</a> bits.</dd> <dt><code>user</code> / <code>users</code> / <code>nouser</code></dt> <dd><code>user</code> permits any user to mount the filesystem. This automatically implies <code>noexec</code>, <code>nosuid</code>, <code>nodev</code> unless explicitly overridden. If <code>nouser</code> is specified, only <a href="/wiki/Superuser" title="Superuser">root</a> can mount the filesystem. If <code>users</code> is specified, every user in group <i>users</i> will be able to unmount the volume.</dd> <dt><code>defaults</code></dt> <dd>Use default settings. Default settings are defined per file system at the file system level. For <a href="/wiki/Ext3" title="Ext3">ext3</a> file systems these can be set with the <i>tune2fs</i> command. The normal default for <a href="/wiki/Ext3" title="Ext3">ext3</a> file systems is equivalent to <code>rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,async</code>. Modern Red Hat based systems set <a href="/wiki/Access-control_list" title="Access-control list">ACL</a> support as default on the root file system but not on user-created ext3 filesystems. Some file systems such as <a href="/wiki/XFS" title="XFS">XFS</a> enable ACLs by default. Default file system mount attributes can be overridden in /etc/fstab.</dd> <dt><code>owner</code> (Linux-specific)</dt> <dd>Permit the owner of device to mount.</dd> <dt><code>nofail</code></dt> <dd>Do not stop system boot if disk mount failed.</dd> <dt><code>atime</code> / <code>noatime</code> / <code>relatime</code> / <code>strictatime</code> (Linux-specific)</dt> <dd>The Unix <a href="/wiki/Stat_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stat (Unix)">stat</a> structure records when files are last accessed (<i>atime</i>), modified (mtime), and changed (<i>ctime</i>). One result is that <a href="/wiki/Atime_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atime (Unix)">atime</a> is written every time a file is read, which has been heavily criticized for causing performance degradation and increased wear. However, atime is used by some applications and desired by some users, and thus is configurable as atime <i>(update on access)</i>, noatime <i>(do not update)</i>, or (in Linux) relatime <i>(update atime if older than mtime)</i>. Through Linux 2.6.29, <i>atime</i> was the default; as of 2.6.30, <i>relatime</i> is the default.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filesystem-specific_options">Filesystem-specific options</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fstab&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Filesystem-specific options"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many options for the specific filesystems supported by <code>mount</code>. Listed below are some of the more commonly used. The full list may be found in the documentation for mount. Note that these are for Linux; traditional <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> systems have generally provided similar functionality but with slightly different syntax or forms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ext2">ext2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fstab&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: ext2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><code>check=[none, normal, strict]</code></dt> <dd>Sets the fsck checking level.</dd> <dt><code>debug</code></dt> <dd>Print debugging info on each remount.</dd> <dt><code>sb=n</code></dt> <dd><code>n</code> is the <a href="/wiki/Block_(data_storage)" title="Block (data storage)">block</a> which should be used as the super-block for the filesystem.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FAT-only">FAT-only</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fstab&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: FAT-only"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><code>check=[r(elaxed), n(ormal), s(trict)]</code></dt> <dd>Policy for allowed filenames. See <code>mount(8)</code>.</dd> <dt><code>conv=[b(inary), t(ext), a(uto)]</code></dt> <dd>Performs DOS <=> UNIX text file conversions automatically. See <code>mount(8)</code>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FAT,_NTFS"><span id="FAT.2C_NTFS"></span>FAT, NTFS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fstab&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: FAT, NTFS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><code>windows_names</code></dt> <dd>Linux filesystems have a larger set of allowed characters in filenames. <code>windows_names</code> restricts the set of allowed characters for the volume to only those acceptable by Windows; though FAT/NTFS are the most common use cases, this feature is not specifically restricted to those filesystem types.</dd> <dt><code>uid=n</code>, <code>gid=n</code></dt> <dd>Sets the user identifier (<a href="/wiki/User_identifier_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="User identifier (Unix)">uid</a>), and group identifier (<a href="/wiki/Group_identifier_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group identifier (Unix)">gid</a>) for all files on the filesystem.</dd> <dt><code>umask=nnn, dmask=nnn, fmask=nnn</code></dt> <dd>Controls masking of filesystem nodes. <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umask" title="Umask">umask</a> - user file creation</li><li>dmask - directory creation</li><li><a href="/wiki/Fmask" class="mw-redirect" title="Fmask">fmask</a> - for files only</li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>More detailed information about the fstab file can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Manual_page_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manual page (Unix)">man page</a> for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.die.net/doc/linux/man/man5/fstab.5.html">Linux fstab</a>; for other systems see below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NFS">NFS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fstab&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: NFS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><code>addr=ip</code></dt> <dd><code>ip</code> is a valid <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fstab&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_(computing)" title="Mount (computing)">mount (computing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_(Unix)" title="Mount (Unix)">mount (Unix)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mtab" title="Mtab">mtab</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fstab&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/fstab.5.html#DESCRIPTION">man 5 fstab</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_2_6_30">Linux 2 6 30</a> at Linux Kernel Newbies</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fstab" title="Special:EditPage/Fstab">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fstab%22">"Fstab"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fstab%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fstab%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fstab%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fstab%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fstab%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2010</span>)</i></span><span 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class="refbegin" style=""> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fstab&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://man.openbsd.org/fstab.5">fstab(5)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a> File Formats <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></li> <li><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://man.netbsd.org/fstab.5">fstab(5)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a> File Formats <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></li> <li><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fstab&sektion=5">fstab(5)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> File Formats <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></li> <li><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E88353_01/html/E37852/vfstab-5.html">vfstab(5)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris 11.4</a> File Formats Reference <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://man.he.net/?topic=fstab&section=all">fstab man page</a> from <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></li> <li><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linux.die.net/man/5/fstab">fstab(5)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> File Formats <a 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(computer language)">m4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_(command)" title="More (command)">more</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nl_(Unix)" title="Nl (Unix)">nl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paste_(Unix)" title="Paste (Unix)">paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patch_(Unix)" title="Patch (Unix)">patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printf_(Unix)" title="Printf (Unix)">printf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_(Unix)" title="Read (Unix)">read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed" title="Sed">sed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_(Unix)" title="Sort (Unix)">sort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strings_(Unix)" title="Strings (Unix)">strings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tail_(Unix)" title="Tail (Unix)">tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr_(Unix)" title="Tr (Unix)">tr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troff" title="Troff">troff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniq" title="Uniq">uniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi_(text_editor)" title="Vi (text editor)">vi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wc_(Unix)" title="Wc (Unix)">wc</a></li> 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Find_(Unix)" title="Find (Unix)">find</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grep" title="Grep">grep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar_(Unix)" title="Ar (Unix)">ar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctags" title="Ctags">ctags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lex_(software)" title="Lex (software)">lex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_(software)" title="Make (software)">make</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nm_(Unix)" title="Nm (Unix)">nm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_(Unix)" title="Strip (Unix)">strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacc" title="Yacc">yacc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bc_(programming_language)" title="Bc (programming language)">bc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal_(command)" title="Cal (command)">cal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expr" title="Expr">expr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_V_printing_system" title="System V printing system">lp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od_(Unix)" title="Od (Unix)">od</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_(command)" title="Sleep (command)">sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_and_false_(commands)" title="True and false (commands)">true and false</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow 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