Nous resultats del DESI sobre la for莽a de la gravetat - Actualitat

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El car脿cter de l鈥檃tracci贸 ha transformat les min煤scules difer猫ncies en la quantitat de mat猫ria de l鈥檜nivers primitiu en els extensos filaments de gal脿xies que es poden observar avui dia. Un nou estudi que utilitza les dades de <a href="https://www.desi.lbl.gov/">l鈥橧nstrument Espectrosc貌pic de l鈥橢nergia Fosca</a> (DESI, per les sigles en angl猫s, de Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) ha cartografiat el creixement d鈥檃questes estructures durant els darrers onze mil milions d鈥檃nys, i ha produ茂t el test de la for莽a de la gravetat m茅s prec铆s de la hist貌ria a gran escala.</strong></p>", } </script> <link class="lfr-css-file" data-senna-track="temporary" href="https://estatics.web.ub.edu/o/ub-theme/css/main.css?browserId=ie&themeId=ub_WAR_ubtheme&minifierType=css&languageId=ca_ES&t=1737972956000" id="liferayThemeCSS" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <style data-senna-track="temporary" type="text/css"> </style> <style data-senna-track="temporary" type="text/css"> :root { --font-roboto-medium: Roboto-Medium, Segoe UI,system-ui,-apple-system,sans-serif; --color-gray-light: #EBEBEB; --spacer-0: 0; --font-roboto-regular: Roboto-Regular, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe 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srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/29381552/Thumbnail-300x300/telescopimayalDEF+.jpg?t=1732015082899"><source media="(max-width:720px) and (min-width:300px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/29381552/Preview-1000x0/telescopimayalDEF+.jpg?t=1732015082899"><img class="novedad-image" alt="Observacions del cel des del telescopi Majal, situat a la imatge, durant la pluja d鈥檈strelles dels Gem铆nids el 2023. Cr猫dits: KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/R. Sparks." data-fileentryid="29381552" src="/documents/2710030/24757712/telescopimayalDEF+.jpg/041725a3-11aa-fd1f-5676-9a86d4d39758?t=1732015082899"></picture></picture> </div> <div class="image-alt d-md-block mt-auto">Observacions del cel des del telescopi Majal, situat a la imatge, durant la pluja d鈥檈strelles dels Gem铆nids el 2023. Cr猫dits: KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/R. Sparks.</div> <div class="novedad-categories mb-2"> <span class="category">Not铆cia</span> <span class="separador">|</span> <span class="category">Recerca</span> </div> <div class="novedad-fecha">(20/11/2024)</div> <div class="novedad-description"><p><strong>La for莽a de la gravetat ha donat forma a l鈥檜nivers. El car脿cter de l鈥檃tracci贸 ha transformat les min煤scules difer猫ncies en la quantitat de mat猫ria de l鈥檜nivers primitiu en els extensos filaments de gal脿xies que es poden observar avui dia. Un nou estudi que utilitza les dades de <a href="https://www.desi.lbl.gov/">l鈥橧nstrument Espectrosc貌pic de l鈥橢nergia Fosca</a> (DESI, per les sigles en angl猫s, de Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) ha cartografiat el creixement d鈥檃questes estructures durant els darrers onze mil milions d鈥檃nys, i ha produ茂t el test de la for莽a de la gravetat m茅s prec铆s de la hist貌ria a gran escala.</strong></p></div> </div> </section> <section class="novedad-header d-none d-md-block"> <div class="container-xl p-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-5 pl-md-2"> <div class="image-container"> <picture data-fileentryid="29381552"><source media="(max-width:300px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/29381552/Thumbnail-300x300/telescopimayalDEF+.jpg?t=1732015082899"><source media="(max-width:720px) and (min-width:300px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/29381552/Preview-1000x0/telescopimayalDEF+.jpg?t=1732015082899"><picture data-fileentryid="29381552"><source media="(max-width:300px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/29381552/Thumbnail-300x300/telescopimayalDEF+.jpg?t=1732015082899"><source media="(max-width:720px) and (min-width:300px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/29381552/Preview-1000x0/telescopimayalDEF+.jpg?t=1732015082899"><img class="novedad-image" alt="Observacions del cel des del telescopi Majal, situat a la imatge, durant la pluja d鈥檈strelles dels Gem铆nids el 2023. Cr猫dits: KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/R. Sparks." data-fileentryid="29381552" src="/documents/2710030/24757712/telescopimayalDEF+.jpg/041725a3-11aa-fd1f-5676-9a86d4d39758?t=1732015082899"></picture></picture> </div> <div class="image-alt d-none d-md-block mt-auto">Observacions del cel des del telescopi Majal, situat a la imatge, durant la pluja d鈥檈strelles dels Gem铆nids el 2023. Cr猫dits: KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/R. Sparks.</div> </div> <div class="col-7 position-relative d-flex flex-column"> <div class="novedad-categories mb-2"> <span class="category">Not铆cia</span> <span class="separador">|</span> <span class="category">Recerca</span> </div> <div class="novedad-fecha">20/11/2024</div> <div class="novedad-description"><p><strong>La for莽a de la gravetat ha donat forma a l鈥檜nivers. El car脿cter de l鈥檃tracci贸 ha transformat les min煤scules difer猫ncies en la quantitat de mat猫ria de l鈥檜nivers primitiu en els extensos filaments de gal脿xies que es poden observar avui dia. Un nou estudi que utilitza les dades de <a href="https://www.desi.lbl.gov/">l鈥橧nstrument Espectrosc貌pic de l鈥橢nergia Fosca</a> (DESI, per les sigles en angl猫s, de Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) ha cartografiat el creixement d鈥檃questes estructures durant els darrers onze mil milions d鈥檃nys, i ha produ茂t el test de la for莽a de la gravetat m茅s prec铆s de la hist貌ria a gran escala.</strong></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="cuerpo-texto container-xl"> <div class="novedad-cuerpo"><p>El DESI 茅s una col路laboraci贸 internacional de m茅s de nou-cents cient铆fics de m茅s de setanta institucions d鈥檃rreu del m贸n, que gestiona el Laboratori Nacional Lawrence Berkeley (Berkeley Lab) del Departament d鈥橢nergia dels Estats Units. En aquest nou estudi, els cient铆fics han descobert que la gravetat es comporta com prediu la teoria de la relativitat general d鈥橢instein. Aquests resultats confirmen el model actual de l鈥檜nivers i acoten possibles teories de gravetat modificada, que s鈥檋avien proposat com a explicacions alternatives d鈥檕bservacions inesperades, com l鈥檈xpansi贸 accelerada de l鈥檜nivers, que habitualment s鈥檃tribueix a l鈥檈nergia fosca.</p> <p><strong>L铆mits a la teoria de la gravitaci贸 d鈥橢instein</strong></p> <p>L鈥檌nvestigador H茅ctor Gil Mar铆n, de la Facultat de F铆sica i de l鈥橧nstitut de Ci猫ncies del Cosmos de la Universitat de Barcelona (ICCUB), ha coliderat aquesta nova an脿lisi i comenta que 芦aquestes dades ens permeten estudiar amb quina rapidesa s鈥檋an format les estructures m茅s grans del cosmos, per posar l铆mits, aix铆, a la teoria de gravitaci贸 d鈥橢instein en escales cosmol貌giques molt superiors a les del sistema solar禄. L鈥檌nvestigador, que tamb茅茅s membre de l鈥橧nstitut d鈥橢studis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), afegeix que 芦els resultats, per ara, encaixen perfectament amb les prediccions de la teoria de la relativitat general d鈥橢instein禄.</p> <p>L鈥檈studi proporciona tamb茅 un nou l铆mit superior a la massa dels neutrins, les 煤niques part铆cules elementals de les quals encara no s鈥檋an mesurat les masses. Experiments anteriors van revelar que la suma de les masses dels tres tipus de neutrins hauria de ser almenys 0,059 eV/c<sup>2</sup> (com a comparaci贸, la de l鈥檈lectr贸茅s de 511.000 eV/c<sup>2</sup>). Els resultats del DESI indiquen que aquesta suma ha de ser de menys de 0,071 eV/c<sup>2</sup>, la qual cosa deixa una finestra molt estreta per als possibles valors de les masses dels neutrins.</p></div> </section> <section class="novedad-texto-destacado"> <div class="container-xl text-center">Amb nom茅s un any de dades, el DESI ha aconseguit fer les mesures globals m茅s precises del creixement d鈥檈structures i ha superat tots els resultats previs, que havien costat d猫cades d鈥檈sfor莽 continuat.</div> </section> <section class="cuerpo-texto container-xl mb-5"> <div class="novedad-cuerpo"><p>La col路laboraci贸 en el DESI ha presentat els nous resultats en diversos articles cient铆fics disponibles en el repositori<a href="https://data.desi.lbl.gov/doc/papers"> arXiv.</a> La complexa an脿lisi de les dades ha utilitzat prop de sis milions de gal脿xies i qu脿sars situats a dist脿ncies que varien entre els mil i els onze mil milions d鈥檃nys llum de la Terra.</p> <p><strong>Millor coneixement de la gravetat i l鈥檈nergia fosca al cosmos</strong></p> <p>Els resultats que s鈥檋an presentat avui s贸n una an脿lisi en profunditat de les dades del primer any del DESI, que a l鈥檃bril va presentar el mapa 3D m茅s gran de l鈥檜nivers que s鈥檋avia fet fins ara i va trobar alguns indicis que<a href="https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2024/04/04/desi-first-results-make-most-precise-measurement-of-expanding-universe/"> l鈥檈nergia fosca podria estar canviant amb el temps</a>. Els resultats publicats llavors se centraven en una propietat particular de la distribuci贸 espacial de les gal脿xies, coneguda com les oscil路lacions ac煤stiques dels barions (BAO, per les sigles en angl猫s). Aquesta nova an脿lisi incorpora tota la informaci贸 continguda en la forma de l鈥檈spectre de pot猫ncies i amplia l鈥檃bast de l鈥檃nterior per extreure m茅s informaci贸 de les dades, la qual cosa permet mesurar la distribuci贸 de les gal脿xies i la mat猫ria a diferents escales espacials. L鈥檈studi ha requerit mesos de feina i comprovacions addicionals. Com en el cas anterior, han utilitzat una t猫cnica d鈥檃n脿lisi cega que amaga els resultats fins al final, per mitigar qualsevol biaix i confirmaci贸.</p> <p>Eusebio S谩nchez, investigador del Centre de Recerques Energ猫tiques Mediambientals i Tecnol貌giques (CIEMAT, per les sigles en castell脿) que ha col路laborat en l鈥檃n脿lisi de les dades, reconeix que 芦els resultats aconseguits amb el primer any de dades del DESI s贸n realment enlluernadors禄. I aclareix que 芦aix貌 nom茅s 茅s el principi, perqu猫 el projecte continua obtenint m茅s dades, que permetran millorar molt el coneixement actual de la gravetat i de l鈥檈nergia fosca禄.</p> <p>El DESI 茅s un instrument capdavanter capa莽 de capturar la llum de cinc mil gal脿xies alhora i determinar-ne els espectres. Es va construir i operar amb finan莽ament de l鈥橭ficina de Ci猫ncia del Departament d鈥橢nergia (DOE) dels Estats Units. El DESI, com a part d鈥檜n programa del NOIRLab de la Fundaci贸 Nacional de Ci猫ncies dels Estats Units (NSF), est脿 situat al cim de l鈥橭bservatori Nacional de Kitt Peak, al telescopi Nicholas U. Mayall, que t茅 un mirall amb un di脿metre de quatre metres. L鈥檈xperiment es troba actualment en el quart dels cinc anys previstos de presa de dades, i l鈥檕bjectiu 茅s haver cartografiat uns quaranta milions de gal脿xies i qu脿sars quan el projecte finalitzi.</p> <p>La col路laboraci贸 ja est脿 analitzant les dades dels primers tres anys i es preveu que els nous resultats que s鈥檕btinguin es presentin la primavera del 2025 i actualitzin les mesures existents sobre l鈥檈nergia fosca i la hist貌ria de l鈥檈xpansi贸 de l鈥檜nivers. Els resultats que s鈥檋an presentat avui s贸n consistents amb les anteriors troballes sobre una lleugera prefer猫ncia per una energia fosca que evoluciona amb el temps, cosa que fa que augmenti l鈥檌nter猫s per con猫ixer els resultats de les an脿lisis actuals.</p> <p>Hui Kong, investigadora postdoctoral a l鈥橧nstitut de F铆sica d鈥橝ltes Energies (IFAE) que va treballar en la preparaci贸 dels cat脿legs de gal脿xies, explica que 芦la distribuci贸 de les gal脿xies suggereix la pres猫ncia de mat猫ria i energia fosques, les quals segueixen sent en gran mesura un misteri per a nosaltres. No obstant aix貌, els mesuraments precisos que proporciona el DESI ofereixen informaci贸 prometedora sobre aquestes q眉estions fonamentals al voltant de l鈥檜nivers禄.</p> <p><strong>La col路laboraci贸 en el DESI</strong></p> <p>El DESI rep finan莽ament de les institucions seg眉ents: l鈥橭ficina de Ci猫ncia del Departament d鈥橢nergia dels Estats Units i el Centre de Computaci贸 Cient铆fica en Energia (NERSC); la Fundaci贸 Nacional de Ci猫ncia (NSF), als Estats Units; la Divisi贸 de Ci猫ncies Astron貌miques (AST), mitjan莽ant un contracte amb l鈥橭bservatori Nacional d鈥橝stronomia 脪ptica de l鈥橬SF; el Consell d鈥橧nstal路lacions de Ci猫ncia i Tecnologia (STFC), al Regne Unit; les fundacions Gordon i Betty Moore, i Heising-Simons, als Estats Units; el Comissariat de l鈥橢nergia At貌mica i les Energies Alternatives (CEA), a Fran莽a; el Consell Nacional de Ci猫ncia i Tecnologia de M猫xic (CONACYT), a M猫xic; el Ministeri de Ci猫ncia, Innovaci贸 i Universitats d鈥橢spanya, i les institucions membres del DESI.</p> <p>La col路laboraci贸 en el DESI agraeix que li permetin dur a terme recerques astron貌miques al Du鈥檃g, a Kitt Peak, Arizona, una muntanya amb un significat especial per a la reserva 铆ndia de la Naci贸 Tohono O鈥檕dham.</p> <p>A escala estatal, hi participen el Centre d鈥橧nvestigacions Energ猫tiques, Mediambientals i Tecnol貌giques (CIEMAT), l鈥橧nstitut de Ci猫ncies de l鈥橢spai (ICE, CSIC), l鈥橧CCUB, l鈥橧nstitut de F铆sica d鈥橝ltes Energies (IFAE), l鈥橧nstitut de F铆sica Te貌rica (IFT-UAM/CSIC), l鈥橧nstitut d鈥橝strof铆sica d鈥橝ndalusia (IAA) i l鈥橧nstitut d鈥橝strof铆sica de Can脿ries (IAC).</p></div> </section> <hr> <div class="container-xl pl-2 pr-2"> <div class="glider-contain px-0 news"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <div class="row glider-ub pr-2"> <div class="col"> <h2 class="slider-title pl-2">Galeria multim猫dia</h2> </div> <div class="col-auto ml-auto d-sm-none d-none btnArrow"> <div class="d-flex"> <button aria-label="Anterior" class="glider-prev"><span></span></button> <button aria-label="Seg眉ent" class="glider-next"><span></span></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="glider"> <div class=""> <div class="border"> <div class="ub-modal-gallery"> <div class="ub-modal-item image-item" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Amplia la imatge"> <picture data-fileentryid="29381735"><source media="(max-width:300px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/29381735/Thumbnail-300x300/instrumentdesiDEF.jpg?t=1732015412964"><source media="(max-width:720px) and (min-width:300px)" srcset="/o/adaptive-media/image/29381735/Preview-1000x0/instrumentdesiDEF.jpg?t=1732015412964"><img width="427" height="306" alt="" src="/documents/2710030/24757712/instrumentdesiDEF.jpg/8ceb7ad2-97d6-3e2e-cf7c-fbc5dd30c42d?t=1732015412964" loading="lazy"></picture> </div> </div> <div class="p-4"> <h3> L鈥檌nstrument espectrosc貌pic d鈥檈nergia fosca DESI capta imatges del cel nocturn el 2022. Cr猫dit: KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/T. Slovinsk媒. </h3> <p class="m-0"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="border"> <div class="video-container"> <div class="video-player"> <div class="container-youtube"> <iframe data-cookieblock-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jRYUt9nE9b0&ab_channel=FiskePlanetarium" data-cookieconsent="marketing" frameborder="0" title="YouTube Video Player" class="d-block" data-play="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div class="cookieconsent-optout-marketing"> <div class="advise-container"> <p>Per veure el v铆deo has d鈥檃cceptar les galetes de m脿rqueting.</p> <a href="javascript:Cookiebot.renew()"> <button class="lfr-ddm-form-submit ub-btn btn btn-primary" type="submit" id="ddm-form-submit">Accepta</button> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-4"> <h3> V铆deo d鈥檜n vol interactiu en 360 graus a trav茅s de milions de gal脿xies cartografiades a partir de les dades de DESI. Cr猫dit: Fiske Planetarium, CU Boulder i la col路laboraci贸 en el DESI. </h3> <p class="m-0"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="border"> <div class="video-container"> <div class="video-player"> <div class="container-youtube"> <iframe data-cookieblock-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AgX3lZEr240" data-cookieconsent="marketing" frameborder="0" title="YouTube Video Player" class="d-block" data-play="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div class="cookieconsent-optout-marketing"> <div class="advise-container"> <p>Per veure el v铆deo has d鈥檃cceptar les galetes de m脿rqueting.</p> <a href="javascript:Cookiebot.renew()"> <button class="lfr-ddm-form-submit ub-btn btn btn-primary" type="submit" id="ddm-form-submit">Accepta</button> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-4"> <h3> En aquesta simulaci贸 es mostra l鈥檈fecte de la intensitat de la for莽a de la gravetat en l鈥檃glutinament de les gal脿xies. Els punts m茅s clars representen gal脿xies m茅s pr貌ximes a la Terra, mentre que els m茅s foscos s贸n les gal脿xies m茅s llunyanes. Com que diversos models de gravetat prediuen diferents graus d鈥檃glutinament, els investigadors del DESI poden comparar les observacions amb simulacions per testejar la gravetat en escales cosmol貌giques. Cr猫dit: Claire Lamman / col路laboraci贸 en el DESI. </h3> <p class="m-0"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="border"> <div class="video-container"> <div class="video-player"> <div class="container-youtube"> <iframe data-cookieblock-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AgX3lZEr240" data-cookieconsent="marketing" frameborder="0" title="YouTube Video Player" class="d-block" data-play="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div class="cookieconsent-optout-marketing"> <div class="advise-container"> <p>Per veure el v铆deo has d鈥檃cceptar les galetes de m脿rqueting.</p> <a href="javascript:Cookiebot.renew()"> <button class="lfr-ddm-form-submit ub-btn btn btn-primary" type="submit" id="ddm-form-submit">Accepta</button> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-4"> <h3> En aquesta simulaci贸 es mostra l鈥檈fecte de la intensitat de la for莽a de la gravetat en l鈥檃glutinament de les gal脿xies. Els punts m茅s clars representen gal脿xies m茅s pr貌ximes a la Terra, mentre que els m茅s foscos s贸n les gal脿xies m茅s llunyanes. Com que diversos models de gravetat prediuen diferents graus d鈥檃glutinament, els investigadors del DESI poden comparar les observacions amb simulacions per testejar la gravetat en escales cosmol貌giques. Cr猫dit: Claire Lamman / col路laboraci贸 en el DESI. </h3> <p class="m-0"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script defer> var screenXL = getComputedStyle(document.documentElement).getPropertyValue("--breakpoint-xl").slice(0, -2), //1200 screenLG = getComputedStyle(document.documentElement).getPropertyValue("--breakpoint-lg").slice(0, -2),//992 screenMD = getComputedStyle(document.documentElement).getPropertyValue("--breakpoint-md").slice(0, -2);//768 screenSM = getComputedStyle(document.documentElement).getPropertyValue("--breakpoint-sm").slice(0, -2);//576 Liferay.on('allPortletsReady', function(e) { new Glider(document.querySelector('.glider'), { slidesToShow: 1,//El n煤mero de diapositivas que se mostrar谩n en el contenedor. 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