CINXE.COM
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="norton-safeweb-site-verification" content="24usqpep0ejc5w6hod3dulxwciwp0djs6c6ufp96av3t4whuxovj72wfkdjxu82yacb7430qjm8adbd5ezlt4592dq4zrvadcn9j9n-0btgdzpiojfzno16-fnsnu7xd" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://substackcdn.com" /> <style> @layer legacy, tailwind, pencraft; </style> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/main.3e7e49e41d3fc108fef6.css" /> <link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwr7I_FMl_E.woff2" crossorigin /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/2178.4b02324c.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/2794.87e173fc.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/1649.5083b7f5.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/6364.45a86359.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/8498.f13d8cc8.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/7606.bc7da158.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/2389.9c6473b3.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/6908.13e4e9ef.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/6666.aaca9004.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/8561.42c69ef8.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/4769.92492746.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/9314.7ec37487.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/7558.e24aaffc.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/1415.30136bb9.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/9216.143bb583.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/3779.2b738dad.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/2457.665e9b90.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/7211.cd8f50e2.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/1400.23eddf14.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/3894.216e944d.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/4713.16faf46d.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/6043.8dba3ac2.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/6688.fcb1cf5e.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/1084.05c5ee85.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/4976.18c3fcdc.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/8617.7864596c.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/735.7874cfb6.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/5640.2c15d162.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/main.f9ad769f.css" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=0, viewport-fit=cover" /> <meta name="author" content="Substack Team" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://on.substack.com/p/grow-1" /> <title data-preact-helmet>Substack Grow: Start by setting goals - On Substack</title> <meta data-preact-helmet name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"><meta data-preact-helmet property="og:type" content="article"><meta data-preact-helmet property="og:title" content="Substack Grow: Start by setting goals"><meta data-preact-helmet name="twitter:title" content="Substack Grow: Start by setting goals"><meta data-preact-helmet name="description" content="The first in a series of six posts that will share the essential knowledge writers need to go independent on Substack."><meta data-preact-helmet property="og:description" content="The first in a series of six posts that will share the essential knowledge writers need to go independent on Substack."><meta data-preact-helmet name="twitter:description" content="The first in a series of six posts that will share the essential knowledge writers need to go independent on Substack."><meta data-preact-helmet property="og:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1200,h_600,c_fill,f_jpg,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg"><meta data-preact-helmet name="twitter:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fon.substack.com%2Fapi%2Fv1%2Fpost_preview%2F39924671%2Ftwitter.jpg%3Fversion%3D4"><meta data-preact-helmet name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://on.substack.com/p/grow-1" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Ffavicon.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Ffavicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Ffavicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Fapple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Fapple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Fapple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Fapple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Fapple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Fapple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Fapple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Fapple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="167x167" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Fapple-touch-icon-167x167.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Fapple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="1024x1024" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31585c04-97f0-42e1-84f0-a9b064b71d0b%2Fapple-touch-icon-1024x1024.png"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/feed?sectionId=2474" title="On Substack"/> <style> @font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QI8MX1D_JOuMw_hLdO6T2wV9KnW-MoFoqJ2nPWc3ZyhTjcV.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C88,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QI8MX1D_JOuMw_hLdO6T2wV9KnW-MoFoqt2nPWc3ZyhTjcV.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QI8MX1D_JOuMw_hLdO6T2wV9KnW-MoFoqB2nPWc3ZyhTjcV.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QI8MX1D_JOuMw_hLdO6T2wV9KnW-MoFoqF2nPWc3ZyhTjcV.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QI8MX1D_JOuMw_hLdO6T2wV9KnW-MoFoq92nPWc3ZyhTg.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwf7I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C88,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMw77I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwX7I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwT7I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwr7I_FMl_E.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwf7I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C88,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMw77I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwX7I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwT7I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwr7I_FMl_E.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD} @font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QI8MX1D_JOuMw_hLdO6T2wV9KnW-MoFoqJ2nPWc3ZyhTjcV.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C88,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QI8MX1D_JOuMw_hLdO6T2wV9KnW-MoFoqt2nPWc3ZyhTjcV.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QI8MX1D_JOuMw_hLdO6T2wV9KnW-MoFoqB2nPWc3ZyhTjcV.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QI8MX1D_JOuMw_hLdO6T2wV9KnW-MoFoqF2nPWc3ZyhTjcV.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QI8MX1D_JOuMw_hLdO6T2wV9KnW-MoFoq92nPWc3ZyhTg.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwf7I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C88,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMw77I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwX7I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwT7I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwr7I_FMl_E.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwf7I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C88,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMw77I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwX7I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwT7I_FMl_GW8g.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QIvMX1D_JOuMwr7I_FMl_E.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD} </style> <style>:root{--color_theme_bg_pop:#FF7731;--background_pop:#FF7731;--color_theme_bg_web:#ffffff;--cover_bg_color:#ffffff;--background_pop_darken:#ff6618;--print_on_pop:#ffffff;--color_theme_bg_pop_darken:#ff6618;--color_theme_print_on_pop:#ffffff;--border_subtle:rgba(204, 204, 204, 0.5);--background_subtle:rgba(255, 235, 224, 0.4);--print_pop:#ff7731;--color_theme_accent:#ff7731;--cover_print_primary:#363737;--cover_print_secondary:#757575;--cover_print_tertiary:#b6b6b6;--cover_border_color:#ff7731;--font_family_headings_preset:Lora,sans-serif;--font_weight_headings_preset:600;--font_family_body_preset:Lora,sans-serif;--font_weight_body_preset:400;--font_size_body_offset:1px;--font_preset_heading:fancy_serif;--font_preset_body:fancy_serif;--home_hero:newspaper;--home_posts:custom;--home_show_top_posts:true;--web_bg_color:#ffffff;--background_contrast_1:#f0f0f0;--color_theme_bg_contrast_1:#f0f0f0;--background_contrast_2:#dddddd;--color_theme_bg_contrast_2:#dddddd;--background_contrast_3:#b7b7b7;--color_theme_bg_contrast_3:#b7b7b7;--background_contrast_4:#929292;--color_theme_bg_contrast_4:#929292;--background_contrast_5:#515151;--color_theme_bg_contrast_5:#515151;--color_theme_detail:#e6e6e6;--background_contrast_pop:rgba(255, 119, 49, 0.4);--color_theme_bg_contrast_pop:rgba(255, 119, 49, 0.4);--input_background:#ffffff;--cover_input_background:#ffffff;--tooltip_background:#191919;--web_bg_color_h:0;--web_bg_color_s:0%;--web_bg_color_l:100%;--print_on_web_bg_color:#363737;--print_secondary_on_web_bg_color:#868787;--selected_comment_background_color:#fdf9f3;--background_pop_rgb:255, 119, 49;--background_pop_rgb_pc:255 119 49;--color_theme_bg_pop_rgb:255, 119, 49;--color_theme_bg_pop_rgb_pc:255 119 49;--color_theme_accent_rgb:255, 119, 49;--color_theme_accent_rgb_pc:255 119 49;}</style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/main.3e7e49e41d3fc108fef6.css" /> <style></style> <script async="true" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-0WN8633M2V&l=GA4DataLayer" > </script> </head> <body class=""> <div id="entry"> <div id="main" class="main typography use-theme-bg"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div data-testid="navbar" class="main-menu animated"><div class="main-menu-content"><div class="topbar"><div class="topbar-content"><div class="navbar-logo-container"><a href="/"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_96,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png" class="navbar-logo"/></a></div><h1 class="navbar-title left-align loading"><a href="/" class="navbar-title-link">On Substack</a></h1><div class="navbar-buttons"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-reset"><span><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton2-DvFP7w iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonNew-KfJF0Q size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-search"><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"></circle><path d="m21 21-4.3-4.3"></path></svg></button></span><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Share Publication" id="trigger429373" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls="dialog429374" ariaLabel="View more" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton2-DvFP7w iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonNew-KfJF0Q size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-share"><path d="M4 12v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-8"></path><polyline points="16 6 12 2 8 6"></polyline><line x1="12" x2="12" y1="2" y2="15"></line></svg></button></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-testid="noncontributor-cta-button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M button-iUdbkg buttonNew-KfJF0Q button2-bH8fBu priority_primary-RfbeYt size_md-gCDS3o">Subscribe</button><button tabindex="0" type="button" native data-href="https://substack.com/sign-in?redirect=%2Fp%2Fgrow-1&for_pub=on" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M button-iUdbkg buttonNew-KfJF0Q button2-bH8fBu priority_tertiary-rlke8z size_md-gCDS3o">Sign in</button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="topbar-spacer"></div></div></div><div><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","url":"https://on.substack.com/p/grow-1","mainEntityOfPage":"https://on.substack.com/p/grow-1","headline":"Substack Grow: Start by setting goals","description":"The first in a series of six posts that will share the essential knowledge writers need to go independent on Substack.","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg"}],"datePublished":"2021-08-12T15:05:06+00:00","dateModified":"2021-08-12T15:05:06+00:00","isAccessibleForFree":true,"author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"On Substack","url":"https://on.substack.com","description":"Resources, stories, and news for the writers, podcasters, musicians, video creators, and culture makers publishing on Substack. ","identifier":"pub:1","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png","contentUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png","thumbnailUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_128,h_128,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png","contentUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png","thumbnailUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_128,h_128,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png"}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"On Substack","url":"https://on.substack.com","description":"Resources, stories, and news for the writers, podcasters, musicians, video creators, and culture makers publishing on Substack. ","identifier":"pub:1","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png","contentUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png","thumbnailUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_128,h_128,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png","contentUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png","thumbnailUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_128,h_128,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png"}}}</script><div class="single-post-container"><div class="container"><div class="single-post"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><article class="typography newsletter-post post"><div inert role="dialog" class="modal typography out gone share-dialog popup"><div class="modal-table"><div class="modal-row"><div class="modal-cell modal-content no-fullscreen"><div class="container"><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-testid="close-modal" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft modal-btn modal-exit-btn no-margin iconButton2-DvFP7w iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonNew-KfJF0Q size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="secondary" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-x"><path d="M18 6 6 18"></path><path d="m6 6 12 12"></path></svg></button><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset elevatedTheme-fBklGV"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-24 pc-padding-24 pc-reset bg-primary-zk6FDl border-detail-EGrm7T pc-borderRadius-md container-KYismR"><h4 class="pencraft flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset align-center-y7ZD4w line-height-24-jnGwiv font-display-nhmvtD size-20-P_cSRT weight-bold-DmI9lw reset-IxiVJZ">Share this post</h4><a href="https://substack.com/home/post/p-39924671?utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-reset animate-XFJxE4 cursor-pointer-LYORKw"><div style="background:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(57,47,41,0.75), rgba(57,47,41,0.75)), var(--color-dark-bg-secondary);" tabindex="0" draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-minWidth-0 pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-md showFocus-sk_vEm postAttachment-eYV3fM"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset border-bottom-detail-k1F6C4 vibrantHeader-We3FVb"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 520w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1040,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1040w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1456w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1560,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1560w" sizes="520px"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg" sizes="520px" alt srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 520w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1040,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1040w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1456w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1560,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1560w" width="520" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c postImage-L4FlO9 vibrantPostImage-TTXyOq pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-padding-12 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-2 pc-minWidth-0 flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-paddingBottom-4 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-position-relative pc-reset"><div style="width:18px;height:18px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset bg-white-ZBV5av pc-borderRadius-xs overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png" sizes="100vw" alt="On Substack" width="36" height="36" style="width:18px;height:18px;" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c object-fit-cover-u4ReeV pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div></div><div class="pencraft flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset ellipsis-Jb8om8 color-vibrance-secondary-k5eqjt line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb nowrap-QngyoB reset-IxiVJZ">On Substack</div></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-vibrance-primary-KHCdqV line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-medium-fw81nC clamp-y7pNm8 clamp-2-kM02pu reset-IxiVJZ">Substack Grow: Start by setting goals</div></div></div></div></a><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-reset"><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M7.50008 14.1666H5.83341C4.72835 14.1666 3.66854 13.7276 2.88714 12.9462C2.10573 12.1648 1.66675 11.105 1.66675 9.99992C1.66675 8.89485 2.10573 7.83504 2.88714 7.05364C3.66854 6.27224 4.72835 5.83325 5.83341 5.83325H7.50008M12.5001 5.83325H14.1667C15.2718 5.83325 16.3316 6.27224 17.113 7.05364C17.8944 7.83504 18.3334 8.89485 18.3334 9.99992C18.3334 11.105 17.8944 12.1648 17.113 12.9462C16.3316 13.7276 15.2718 14.1666 14.1667 14.1666H12.5001M6.66675 9.99992H13.3334"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Copy link</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path stroke="none" d="M20 10C20 4.47715 15.5229 0 10 0C4.47715 0 0 4.47715 0 10C0 14.9912 3.65684 19.1283 8.4375 19.8785V12.8906H5.89844V10H8.4375V7.79688C8.4375 5.29063 9.93047 3.90625 12.2146 3.90625C13.3084 3.90625 14.4531 4.10156 14.4531 4.10156V6.5625H13.1922C11.95 6.5625 11.5625 7.3334 11.5625 8.125V10H14.3359L13.8926 12.8906H11.5625V19.8785C16.3432 19.1283 20 14.9912 20 10Z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Facebook</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path stroke="none" d="M9.9958 11.0646C10.2693 11.0646 10.5346 10.9569 10.7915 10.7248L19.0717 3.431C18.6241 3.13262 18.1102 3 17.3974 3H2.60257C1.88976 3 1.37587 3.13262 0.920011 3.431L9.20011 10.7248C9.46534 10.9569 9.73057 11.0646 9.9958 11.0646ZM0.215499 15.9465L6.34893 9.82137L0.198922 4.40075C0.107749 4.5748 0 4.99751 0 5.56941V14.7199C0 15.2503 0.0828842 15.6316 0.215499 15.9465ZM2.35391 17.2892H17.646C18.2511 17.2892 18.7235 17.14 19.0385 16.9245L12.731 10.6171L11.5209 11.6945C11.0402 12.1173 10.518 12.3328 9.9958 12.3328C9.48197 12.3328 8.95975 12.1173 8.47905 11.6945L7.26894 10.6171L0.961455 16.9245C1.27642 17.14 1.74057 17.2892 2.35391 17.2892ZM19.7844 15.9465C19.9088 15.6316 20 15.2503 20 14.7199V5.56941C20 4.99751 19.8922 4.5748 19.8011 4.40075L13.651 9.82137L19.7844 15.9465Z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Email</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M1.96484 0.624512H18.0354V2.70052H1.96484V0.624512Z" stroke="none"></path><path d="M1.96484 4.77655H18.0354V6.85254H1.96484V4.77655Z" stroke="none"></path><path d="M1.96484 8.92857V19.9505L10.0001 14.6347L18.0354 19.9505V8.92857H1.96484Z" stroke="none"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Notes</div></a><a id="trigger429375" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls="dialog429376" ariaLabel="View more" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-ellipsis"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="1"></circle><circle cx="19" cy="12" r="1"></circle><circle cx="5" cy="12" r="1"></circle></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">More</div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="post-header"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset post-label"><a href="https://on.substack.com/s/resources/?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=menu" class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-14-MLPa7j weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA">Resources</a></div><h1 class="post-title unpublished">Substack Grow: Start by setting goals</h1><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-paddingTop-16 pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset byline-wrapper"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-pub-secondary-text-hGQ02T line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA">Aug 12, 2021</div></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-16 pc-paddingTop-16 pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset border-top-detail-themed-k9TZAY border-bottom-detail-themed-Ua9186 post-ufi"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><div class="like-button-container post-ufi-button style-button"><a role="button" aria-label="Like (312)" aria-pressed="false" class="post-ufi-button style-button has-label with-border"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke="#000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><title></title><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-heart"><path d="M19 14c1.49-1.46 3-3.21 3-5.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 16.5 3c-1.76 0-3 .5-4.5 2-1.5-1.5-2.74-2-4.5-2A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 2 8.5c0 2.3 1.5 4.05 3 5.5l7 7Z"></path></svg></g></svg><div class="label">312</div></a><div inert role="dialog" class="modal typography out gone share-dialog popup"><div class="modal-table"><div class="modal-row"><div class="modal-cell modal-content no-fullscreen"><div class="container"><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-testid="close-modal" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft modal-btn modal-exit-btn no-margin iconButton2-DvFP7w iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonNew-KfJF0Q size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="secondary" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-x"><path d="M18 6 6 18"></path><path d="m6 6 12 12"></path></svg></button><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset elevatedTheme-fBklGV"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-24 pc-padding-24 pc-reset bg-primary-zk6FDl border-detail-EGrm7T pc-borderRadius-md container-KYismR"><h4 class="pencraft flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset align-center-y7ZD4w line-height-24-jnGwiv font-display-nhmvtD size-20-P_cSRT weight-bold-DmI9lw reset-IxiVJZ">Share this post</h4><a href="https://substack.com/home/post/p-39924671?utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-reset animate-XFJxE4 cursor-pointer-LYORKw"><div style="background:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(57,47,41,0.75), rgba(57,47,41,0.75)), var(--color-dark-bg-secondary);" tabindex="0" draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-minWidth-0 pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-md showFocus-sk_vEm postAttachment-eYV3fM"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset border-bottom-detail-k1F6C4 vibrantHeader-We3FVb"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 520w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1040,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1040w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1456w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1560,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1560w" sizes="520px"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg" sizes="520px" alt srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 520w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1040,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1040w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1456w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1560,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1560w" width="520" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c postImage-L4FlO9 vibrantPostImage-TTXyOq pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-padding-12 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-2 pc-minWidth-0 flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-paddingBottom-4 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-position-relative pc-reset"><div style="width:18px;height:18px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset bg-white-ZBV5av pc-borderRadius-xs overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png" sizes="100vw" alt="On Substack" width="36" height="36" style="width:18px;height:18px;" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c object-fit-cover-u4ReeV pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div></div><div class="pencraft flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset ellipsis-Jb8om8 color-vibrance-secondary-k5eqjt line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb nowrap-QngyoB reset-IxiVJZ">On Substack</div></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-vibrance-primary-KHCdqV line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-medium-fw81nC clamp-y7pNm8 clamp-2-kM02pu reset-IxiVJZ">Substack Grow: Start by setting goals</div></div></div></div></a><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-reset"><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M7.50008 14.1666H5.83341C4.72835 14.1666 3.66854 13.7276 2.88714 12.9462C2.10573 12.1648 1.66675 11.105 1.66675 9.99992C1.66675 8.89485 2.10573 7.83504 2.88714 7.05364C3.66854 6.27224 4.72835 5.83325 5.83341 5.83325H7.50008M12.5001 5.83325H14.1667C15.2718 5.83325 16.3316 6.27224 17.113 7.05364C17.8944 7.83504 18.3334 8.89485 18.3334 9.99992C18.3334 11.105 17.8944 12.1648 17.113 12.9462C16.3316 13.7276 15.2718 14.1666 14.1667 14.1666H12.5001M6.66675 9.99992H13.3334"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Copy link</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path stroke="none" d="M20 10C20 4.47715 15.5229 0 10 0C4.47715 0 0 4.47715 0 10C0 14.9912 3.65684 19.1283 8.4375 19.8785V12.8906H5.89844V10H8.4375V7.79688C8.4375 5.29063 9.93047 3.90625 12.2146 3.90625C13.3084 3.90625 14.4531 4.10156 14.4531 4.10156V6.5625H13.1922C11.95 6.5625 11.5625 7.3334 11.5625 8.125V10H14.3359L13.8926 12.8906H11.5625V19.8785C16.3432 19.1283 20 14.9912 20 10Z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Facebook</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path stroke="none" d="M9.9958 11.0646C10.2693 11.0646 10.5346 10.9569 10.7915 10.7248L19.0717 3.431C18.6241 3.13262 18.1102 3 17.3974 3H2.60257C1.88976 3 1.37587 3.13262 0.920011 3.431L9.20011 10.7248C9.46534 10.9569 9.73057 11.0646 9.9958 11.0646ZM0.215499 15.9465L6.34893 9.82137L0.198922 4.40075C0.107749 4.5748 0 4.99751 0 5.56941V14.7199C0 15.2503 0.0828842 15.6316 0.215499 15.9465ZM2.35391 17.2892H17.646C18.2511 17.2892 18.7235 17.14 19.0385 16.9245L12.731 10.6171L11.5209 11.6945C11.0402 12.1173 10.518 12.3328 9.9958 12.3328C9.48197 12.3328 8.95975 12.1173 8.47905 11.6945L7.26894 10.6171L0.961455 16.9245C1.27642 17.14 1.74057 17.2892 2.35391 17.2892ZM19.7844 15.9465C19.9088 15.6316 20 15.2503 20 14.7199V5.56941C20 4.99751 19.8922 4.5748 19.8011 4.40075L13.651 9.82137L19.7844 15.9465Z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Email</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M1.96484 0.624512H18.0354V2.70052H1.96484V0.624512Z" stroke="none"></path><path d="M1.96484 4.77655H18.0354V6.85254H1.96484V4.77655Z" stroke="none"></path><path d="M1.96484 8.92857V19.9505L10.0001 14.6347L18.0354 19.9505V8.92857H1.96484Z" stroke="none"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Notes</div></a><a id="trigger429377" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls="dialog429378" ariaLabel="View more" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-ellipsis"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="1"></circle><circle cx="19" cy="12" r="1"></circle><circle cx="5" cy="12" r="1"></circle></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">More</div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><a role="button" href="https://on.substack.com/p/grow-1/comments" aria-label="View comments (65)" class="post-ufi-button style-button post-ufi-comment-button has-label with-border"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke="#000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><title></title><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-message-circle"><path d="M7.9 20A9 9 0 1 0 4 16.1L2 22Z"></path></svg></g></svg><div class="label">65</div></a><a role="button" aria-label="View repost options" class="post-ufi-button style-button has-label with-border"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="#000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><title></title><path d="M21 3V8M21 8H16M21 8L18 5.29962C16.7056 4.14183 15.1038 3.38328 13.3879 3.11547C11.6719 2.84766 9.9152 3.08203 8.32951 3.79031C6.74382 4.49858 5.39691 5.65051 4.45125 7.10715C3.5056 8.5638 3.00158 10.2629 3 11.9996M3 21V16M3 16H8M3 16L6 18.7C7.29445 19.8578 8.89623 20.6163 10.6121 20.8841C12.3281 21.152 14.0848 20.9176 15.6705 20.2093C17.2562 19.501 18.6031 18.3491 19.5487 16.8925C20.4944 15.4358 20.9984 13.7367 21 12" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></g></svg><div class="label">12</div></a></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><a role="button" href="javascript:void(0)" aria-label="View share options" class="post-ufi-button style-button no-icon has-label with-border"><div class="label">Share</div></a></div></div></div></div><div class="visibility-check"></div><div><div class="available-content"><div dir="auto" class="body markup"><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM" rel><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg" width="1456" height="979" data-attrs="{"src":"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":979,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":291808,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null,"belowTheFold":false,"topImage":true,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false}" class="sizing-normal" alt srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"/></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset icon-container restack-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-refresh-cw"><path d="M3 12a9 9 0 0 1 9-9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1 6.74 2.74L21 8"></path><path d="M21 3v5h-5"></path><path d="M21 12a9 9 0 0 1-9 9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1-6.74-2.74L3 16"></path><path d="M8 16H3v5"></path></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></div></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>This is the first in a series of six posts designed to share the essential knowledge writers need to go independent on Substack. </em></p><p>Growing your publication begins with planting the right seeds. If you’re ready to commit to building a publication on Substack, it’s important to take the time to get clear on why you’re writing and what you hope to accomplish. Writers can’t achieve goals if they don’t take the time to set them. </p><p>This post will guide you through the process of setting personal goals, rooting yourself in a confident mindset, and developing financial expectations for a publication on Substack. </p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">Setting your personal goals<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§setting-your-personal-goals" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-href="https://on.substack.com/i/39924671/setting-your-personal-goals" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton2-DvFP7w iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonNew-KfJF0Q size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p><strong>First, ask yourself: </strong><em><strong>Why do you want to write on Substack?</strong></em></p><p>There are a wide range of legitimate reasons to start a newsletter. Here are a few ideas to get you started – reflect on what best matches your current goals, and get more specific if you can. </p><p>I want to write on Substack in order to… </p><ul><li><p>Support myself with extra income</p></li><li><p>Write about something I can’t elsewhere</p></li><li><p>Meet people in my field</p></li><li><p>Learn something new about a subject</p></li><li><p>Flesh out my writing portfolio</p></li><li><p>Build an audience or community of readers</p></li></ul><p>Write down your initial goals, but keep yourself open to letting them change over time.</p><blockquote><p><em>“I've always been a freelancer, and I've spent probably years of my life pitching into email black holes where no one gets back to me and I think I have this great idea. And so taking the pitching out of writing for me is just such a gift.” </em></p><p><em><span>- </span><a href="https://on.substack.com/p/going-paid-the-examined-family" rel>Courtney Martin, The Examined Family</a></em></p></blockquote><p><span>If you feel </span><a href="https://www.lance.media/p/goal-fatigue-work-burnout-psychology" rel>goal fatigue</a><span>, keep this in mind:</span></p><blockquote><p><em>If thinking about goals is what’s stressing me out, the solution is not to abandon them outright, but to shift my mindset. I’ve been so focused on forcing myself to focus, I’ve neglected to address some basic wellbeing practices. As Chaturvedi put it, “If you try to move the goalposts multiple times, you'll only end up feeling tired of running.”</em></p><p><em><span>- </span><a href="https://www.lance.media/p/goal-fatigue-work-burnout-psychology" rel>Anna Codrea-Rado, LANCE</a></em></p></blockquote><p>Anna’s insight is a reminder to make goals work for you. Root them in your deepest motivations, such as developing as a writer, not a carrot to endlessly chase.</p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">Establishing your mindset<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§establishing-your-mindset" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-href="https://on.substack.com/i/39924671/establishing-your-mindset" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton2-DvFP7w iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonNew-KfJF0Q size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>Let’s be honest: going independent is a scary prospect! It’s totally normal to be nervous or uncertain about whether anyone will read or pay for your work. As writers, we don’t always know what we’re worth, or we’ve been paid in ways that don’t adequately capture what we’re worth.</p><p>One fear we hear from writers is that they don’t have anything special to offer readers. But you’re not selling lemonade, or any other sort of transactional product that you have no personal relationship to. You’re selling your perspective on the world, which is reflected in the writing you publish. </p><p>Asking for money reminds readers about the creativity, labor, and expertise that goes into your writing – something that can be easy to forget in the age of free, ad-based content on social media. At the same time, paid subscriptions help you as a writer think more seriously about your publication, creating a virtuous cycle.</p><blockquote><p><em><span>I believe in people getting paid for their labor, and as joyful as the labor is for me, it is labor. It actually grew my audience to ask for money, because it made people realize, "Oh yeah, this is labor that she puts into this.”</span><br/><br/><span>- </span><a href="https://on.substack.com/p/going-paid-the-examined-family" rel>Courtney Martin, The Examined Family</a></em></p></blockquote><p>Here are a few simple exercises you can do to build confidence in yourself and your voice as a writer:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Write down what’s holding you back</strong><span>. Write a short (<1 page) reflection on what you’re nervous about. Then identify one thing you can do to counteract those fears, or ask a fellow writer how they approach similar anxieties.</span></p></li><li><p><strong>Hype yourself up</strong><span>. Write a short (2-3 paragraph) review of your own work, as if you were your own biggest fan. Read previous compliments from readers and editors for inspiration. What makes your writing great? Why should someone read it?</span></p></li></ul><p>Finally, launching a Substack publication isn’t a one-and-done moment. Even if your launch doesn’t go the way you hope, a newsletter is a great testing ground to experiment with different kinds of writing, hear from readers about what resonates, and build an audience continuously over time. </p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">When to consider going paid<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§when-to-consider-going-paid" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-href="https://on.substack.com/i/39924671/when-to-consider-going-paid" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton2-DvFP7w iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonNew-KfJF0Q size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>One of the most common questions we get from writers is whether they’re ready to go paid. There’s no foolproof formula for when to go paid, although we’ll share some benchmarks to help you get oriented. </p><div id="youtube2-xsQtpZP9Ujs" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{"videoId":"xsQtpZP9Ujs","startTime":null,"endTime":null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/xsQtpZP9Ujs?rel=0&autoplay=0&showinfo=0&enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p><strong>First, understand that going paid is a commitment to yourself and your readers. </strong></p><p>We’ve found that writing regularly and consistently is the biggest predictor of success for new Substack writers. Before going paid, take an honest look at your capacity to make sure that you have the time, interest, and commitment to do so. We usually recommend writing at least once a week for both your free and paid subscribers, and you’ll also want to invest time into promotion, brand, and other aspects of running an independent writing business.</p><p><strong>Going paid also requires understanding your relationship to your readers. </strong></p><p>The value of your writer-reader relationship can be measured along two major axes: </p><ul><li><p>Your reach: the size of your readership</p></li><li><p>Your engagement: how much your readers pay attention</p></li></ul><p>In order to benchmark those, however, you’ll first need to identify your financial goals for going paid. If you’re going full-time, your financial needs might be different from a writer who wants a part-time side project.</p><p>In the best of circumstances, writers typically see conversion rates of 5-10% from free to paid readers, although it can be much higher. You can use your email open rates as a rough proxy for your publication’s conversion rate.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM" rel><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg" width="960" height="540" data-attrs="{"src":"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":540,"width":960,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":28641,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false}" class="sizing-normal" alt srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"/></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset icon-container restack-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-refresh-cw"><path d="M3 12a9 9 0 0 1 9-9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1 6.74 2.74L21 8"></path><path d="M21 3v5h-5"></path><path d="M21 12a9 9 0 0 1-9 9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1-6.74-2.74L3 16"></path><path d="M8 16H3v5"></path></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></div></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">These conversion rate ranges are from new analysis by Substack’s data team.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Next, you’ll want to identify a price. At this early stage, we recommend just doing napkin math. Most newsletters charge $5-10/month or $50-100/year, while business newsletters that readers expense to their employers might charge closer to $10-50/month or $100-500/year. </p><p><strong>Multiply your free email list size by your approximate conversion rate, then multiply that by your price.</strong><span> Compare the number you get with your initial financial goals. </span></p><p>If your estimated earning potential is below your goals, don’t worry. You have levers to improve your reach and engagement. And, you can always change your price.</p><ul><li><p><span>To increase your reach, invest in promotion and building a support network. (</span><em>See below!</em><span>)</span></p></li><li><p>To increase your engagement, double down on high quality, consistent writing.</p></li><li><p>To increase your price, explore different pricing tier options.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM" rel><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png" width="1456" height="803" data-attrs="{"src":"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":803,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":null,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":null,"href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false}" class="sizing-normal" alt srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"/></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset icon-container restack-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-refresh-cw"><path d="M3 12a9 9 0 0 1 9-9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1 6.74 2.74L21 8"></path><path d="M21 3v5h-5"></path><path d="M21 12a9 9 0 0 1-9 9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1-6.74-2.74L3 16"></path><path d="M8 16H3v5"></path></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></div></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The rest of the posts in this series, which will come to your inbox weekly for the next month and a half, will be all about how you can best use these levers. </p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">Build your support network<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§build-your-support-network" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-href="https://on.substack.com/i/39924671/build-your-support-network" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton2-DvFP7w iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonNew-KfJF0Q size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><div id="youtube2-iEGt-r0SDc4" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{"videoId":"iEGt-r0SDc4","startTime":null,"endTime":null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/iEGt-r0SDc4?rel=0&autoplay=0&showinfo=0&enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p>Starting a publication is a big lift, and you don’t have to do it alone. From the beginning, we recommend developing a support network of readers, writers, and friends. </p><p><strong>Think of three friends, peers, supporters, or mentors who have encouraged your writing in the past. </strong><span>Reach out to them today, and tell them that you’re launching a Substack publication. Share your hopes and fears, ask for advice, or simply talk through the questions you’ve begun thinking through.</span></p><p><strong>Next, practice asking for things by reaching out to someone new</strong><span>. Find someone whose work you admire. Write a short – no more than 3-5 sentences – cold email asking them one thoughtful question. </span><a href="https://kristina.substack.com/p/effective-cold-emails" rel>Check out these tips</a><span> for writing a cold email.</span></p><p>What makes a good cold email:</p><ul><li><p>Do research on the person you’re reaching out to</p></li><li><p>Introduce yourself, including any shared interests or relevant background</p></li><li><p>Make a specific ask by including a question in the email itself</p></li><li><p>Keep it brief: a few short paragraphs is good enough</p></li><li><p>Be gracious: acknowledge that they may not have time to respond</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM" rel><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg" width="960" height="540" data-attrs="{"src":"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":540,"width":960,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":42346,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false}" class="sizing-normal" alt srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"/></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset icon-container restack-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-refresh-cw"><path d="M3 12a9 9 0 0 1 9-9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1 6.74 2.74L21 8"></path><path d="M21 3v5h-5"></path><path d="M21 12a9 9 0 0 1-9 9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1-6.74-2.74L3 16"></path><path d="M8 16H3v5"></path></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></div></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em><span>For inspiration: here is the message that kickstarted Samin Nosrat and </span><a href="https://club.drawtogether.studio/" rel>Wendy MacNaughton</a><span>’s creative partnership. They share the full story on </span><a href="https://partners.show/episodes/samin-and-wendy" rel>Partners</a><span>.</span></em></figcaption></figure></div><p><span>Finally, we hope that the Substack writer community is another resource you can lean on for learning and support. Join us on Thursdays for our </span><a href="https://on.substack.com/s/resources" rel>Office Hours</a><span>, where the Substack team, and your fellow writers, gather to answer questions live about publishing, growing, or going paid on Substack.</span></p><div><hr/></div><p><em>This post is the first in a series of six posts that will share the essential knowledge writers need to go independent on Substack. </em></p><p><em><span>The material is based off the curriculum for Substack Grow, a six-session crash course for writers ready to pursue independence by building a loyal readership and kickstarting paid subscriptions. Setting goals for your Substack was session one. </span><a href="https://substack.com/grow" rel>Learn more here.</a></em></p></div></div><div class="visibility-check"></div><div class="post-footer"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-16 pc-paddingTop-16 pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset border-top-detail-themed-k9TZAY border-bottom-detail-themed-Ua9186 post-ufi"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><div class="like-button-container post-ufi-button style-button"><a role="button" aria-label="Like (312)" aria-pressed="false" class="post-ufi-button style-button has-label with-border"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke="#000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><title></title><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-heart"><path d="M19 14c1.49-1.46 3-3.21 3-5.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 16.5 3c-1.76 0-3 .5-4.5 2-1.5-1.5-2.74-2-4.5-2A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 2 8.5c0 2.3 1.5 4.05 3 5.5l7 7Z"></path></svg></g></svg><div class="label">312</div></a><div inert role="dialog" class="modal typography out gone share-dialog popup"><div class="modal-table"><div class="modal-row"><div class="modal-cell modal-content no-fullscreen"><div class="container"><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-testid="close-modal" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft modal-btn modal-exit-btn no-margin iconButton2-DvFP7w iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonNew-KfJF0Q size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="secondary" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-x"><path d="M18 6 6 18"></path><path d="m6 6 12 12"></path></svg></button><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset elevatedTheme-fBklGV"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-24 pc-padding-24 pc-reset bg-primary-zk6FDl border-detail-EGrm7T pc-borderRadius-md container-KYismR"><h4 class="pencraft flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset align-center-y7ZD4w line-height-24-jnGwiv font-display-nhmvtD size-20-P_cSRT weight-bold-DmI9lw reset-IxiVJZ">Share this post</h4><a href="https://substack.com/home/post/p-39924671?utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-reset animate-XFJxE4 cursor-pointer-LYORKw"><div style="background:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(57,47,41,0.75), rgba(57,47,41,0.75)), var(--color-dark-bg-secondary);" tabindex="0" draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-minWidth-0 pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-md showFocus-sk_vEm postAttachment-eYV3fM"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset border-bottom-detail-k1F6C4 vibrantHeader-We3FVb"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 520w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1040,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1040w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1456w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1560,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1560w" sizes="520px"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg" sizes="520px" alt srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 520w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1040,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1040w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1456w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1560,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1560w" width="520" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c postImage-L4FlO9 vibrantPostImage-TTXyOq pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-padding-12 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-2 pc-minWidth-0 flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-paddingBottom-4 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-position-relative pc-reset"><div style="width:18px;height:18px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset bg-white-ZBV5av pc-borderRadius-xs overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png" sizes="100vw" alt="On Substack" width="36" height="36" style="width:18px;height:18px;" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c object-fit-cover-u4ReeV pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div></div><div class="pencraft flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset ellipsis-Jb8om8 color-vibrance-secondary-k5eqjt line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb nowrap-QngyoB reset-IxiVJZ">On Substack</div></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-vibrance-primary-KHCdqV line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-medium-fw81nC clamp-y7pNm8 clamp-2-kM02pu reset-IxiVJZ">Substack Grow: Start by setting goals</div></div></div></div></a><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-reset"><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M7.50008 14.1666H5.83341C4.72835 14.1666 3.66854 13.7276 2.88714 12.9462C2.10573 12.1648 1.66675 11.105 1.66675 9.99992C1.66675 8.89485 2.10573 7.83504 2.88714 7.05364C3.66854 6.27224 4.72835 5.83325 5.83341 5.83325H7.50008M12.5001 5.83325H14.1667C15.2718 5.83325 16.3316 6.27224 17.113 7.05364C17.8944 7.83504 18.3334 8.89485 18.3334 9.99992C18.3334 11.105 17.8944 12.1648 17.113 12.9462C16.3316 13.7276 15.2718 14.1666 14.1667 14.1666H12.5001M6.66675 9.99992H13.3334"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Copy link</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path stroke="none" d="M20 10C20 4.47715 15.5229 0 10 0C4.47715 0 0 4.47715 0 10C0 14.9912 3.65684 19.1283 8.4375 19.8785V12.8906H5.89844V10H8.4375V7.79688C8.4375 5.29063 9.93047 3.90625 12.2146 3.90625C13.3084 3.90625 14.4531 4.10156 14.4531 4.10156V6.5625H13.1922C11.95 6.5625 11.5625 7.3334 11.5625 8.125V10H14.3359L13.8926 12.8906H11.5625V19.8785C16.3432 19.1283 20 14.9912 20 10Z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Facebook</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path stroke="none" d="M9.9958 11.0646C10.2693 11.0646 10.5346 10.9569 10.7915 10.7248L19.0717 3.431C18.6241 3.13262 18.1102 3 17.3974 3H2.60257C1.88976 3 1.37587 3.13262 0.920011 3.431L9.20011 10.7248C9.46534 10.9569 9.73057 11.0646 9.9958 11.0646ZM0.215499 15.9465L6.34893 9.82137L0.198922 4.40075C0.107749 4.5748 0 4.99751 0 5.56941V14.7199C0 15.2503 0.0828842 15.6316 0.215499 15.9465ZM2.35391 17.2892H17.646C18.2511 17.2892 18.7235 17.14 19.0385 16.9245L12.731 10.6171L11.5209 11.6945C11.0402 12.1173 10.518 12.3328 9.9958 12.3328C9.48197 12.3328 8.95975 12.1173 8.47905 11.6945L7.26894 10.6171L0.961455 16.9245C1.27642 17.14 1.74057 17.2892 2.35391 17.2892ZM19.7844 15.9465C19.9088 15.6316 20 15.2503 20 14.7199V5.56941C20 4.99751 19.8922 4.5748 19.8011 4.40075L13.651 9.82137L19.7844 15.9465Z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Email</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M1.96484 0.624512H18.0354V2.70052H1.96484V0.624512Z" stroke="none"></path><path d="M1.96484 4.77655H18.0354V6.85254H1.96484V4.77655Z" stroke="none"></path><path d="M1.96484 8.92857V19.9505L10.0001 14.6347L18.0354 19.9505V8.92857H1.96484Z" stroke="none"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Notes</div></a><a id="trigger429383" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls="dialog429384" ariaLabel="View more" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-ellipsis"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="1"></circle><circle cx="19" cy="12" r="1"></circle><circle cx="5" cy="12" r="1"></circle></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">More</div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><a role="button" href="https://on.substack.com/p/grow-1/comments" aria-label="View comments (65)" class="post-ufi-button style-button post-ufi-comment-button has-label with-border"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke="#000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><title></title><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-message-circle"><path d="M7.9 20A9 9 0 1 0 4 16.1L2 22Z"></path></svg></g></svg><div class="label">65</div></a><a role="button" aria-label="View repost options" class="post-ufi-button style-button has-label with-border"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="#000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><title></title><path d="M21 3V8M21 8H16M21 8L18 5.29962C16.7056 4.14183 15.1038 3.38328 13.3879 3.11547C11.6719 2.84766 9.9152 3.08203 8.32951 3.79031C6.74382 4.49858 5.39691 5.65051 4.45125 7.10715C3.5056 8.5638 3.00158 10.2629 3 11.9996M3 21V16M3 16H8M3 16L6 18.7C7.29445 19.8578 8.89623 20.6163 10.6121 20.8841C12.3281 21.152 14.0848 20.9176 15.6705 20.2093C17.2562 19.501 18.6031 18.3491 19.5487 16.8925C20.4944 15.4358 20.9984 13.7367 21 12" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></g></svg><div class="label">12</div></a></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><a role="button" href="javascript:void(0)" aria-label="View share options" class="post-ufi-button style-button no-icon has-label with-border"><div class="label">Share</div></a></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-paddingTop-16 pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M button-iUdbkg buttonNew-KfJF0Q button2-bH8fBu priority_secondary-S63h9o size_md-gCDS3o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-left"><path d="m12 19-7-7 7-7"></path><path d="M19 12H5"></path></svg>Previous</button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M button-iUdbkg buttonNew-KfJF0Q button2-bH8fBu priority_secondary-S63h9o size_md-gCDS3o">Next<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div class="visibility-check"></div><div id="discussion" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-paddingTop-32 pc-paddingBottom-32 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-32 pc-reset container"><h4 class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-24-jnGwiv font-display-nhmvtD size-20-P_cSRT weight-bold-DmI9lw reset-IxiVJZ">Discussion about this post</h4><div class="pencraft pc-alignSelf-flex-start pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-position-relative pc-minWidth-0 pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6"><div style="cursor:default;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-position-relative pc-gap-4 pc-padding-4 pc-reset pc-borderRadius-full overflow-auto-7WTsTi scrollBar-hidden-HcAIpI"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-6 pc-height-32 pc-minWidth-0 pc-paddingLeft-12 pc-paddingRight-12 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center flexAuto-Bzdrdy pc-reset bg-unset-oxOYfX animate-XFJxE4 cursor-pointer-LYORKw userSelect-none-oDUy26 outline-none-PJvaz8 border-unset-KQp_zZ pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 showFocus-sk_vEm pencraft segment-w0_5nw isActive-jI7QiF"><span class="pencraft pc-reset ellipsis-Jb8om8 line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Comments</span></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-6 pc-height-32 pc-minWidth-0 pc-paddingLeft-12 pc-paddingRight-12 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center flexAuto-Bzdrdy pc-reset bg-unset-oxOYfX animate-XFJxE4 cursor-pointer-LYORKw userSelect-none-oDUy26 outline-none-PJvaz8 border-unset-KQp_zZ pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 showFocus-sk_vEm pencraft segment-w0_5nw"><span class="pencraft pc-reset ellipsis-Jb8om8 line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Restacks</span></button><div class="pencraft pc-position-absolute pc-height-32 pc-boxShadow-sm pc-reset bg-primary-zk6FDl pc-borderRadius-full sizing-border-box-DggLA4 highlight-hrEEGK"></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset arrowButtonContainer-O4uSiH arrowButtonOverlaidContainer-t10AyH left-Tg8vqp"><div class="overlay-zrMCxn secondary-pOosZC"></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset arrowButtonContainer-O4uSiH arrowButtonOverlaidContainer-t10AyH right-i3oWGi"><div class="overlay-zrMCxn secondary-pOosZC"></div></div></div></div></div><div id="comments-for-scroll"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div class="comments-page"><div inert role="dialog" class="modal typography out gone share-dialog popup"><div class="modal-table"><div class="modal-row"><div class="modal-cell modal-content no-fullscreen"><div class="container"><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-testid="close-modal" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft modal-btn modal-exit-btn no-margin iconButton2-DvFP7w iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonNew-KfJF0Q size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="secondary" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-x"><path d="M18 6 6 18"></path><path d="m6 6 12 12"></path></svg></button><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset elevatedTheme-fBklGV"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-24 pc-padding-24 pc-reset bg-primary-zk6FDl border-detail-EGrm7T pc-borderRadius-md container-KYismR"><h4 class="pencraft flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset align-center-y7ZD4w line-height-24-jnGwiv font-display-nhmvtD size-20-P_cSRT weight-bold-DmI9lw reset-IxiVJZ">Share this post</h4><a href="https://substack.com/home/post/p-39924671?utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-reset animate-XFJxE4 cursor-pointer-LYORKw"><div style="background:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(57,47,41,0.75), rgba(57,47,41,0.75)), var(--color-dark-bg-secondary);" tabindex="0" draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-minWidth-0 pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-md showFocus-sk_vEm postAttachment-eYV3fM"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset border-bottom-detail-k1F6C4 vibrantHeader-We3FVb"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 520w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1040,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1040w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1456w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1560,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1560w" sizes="520px"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg" sizes="520px" alt srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 520w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1040,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1040w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1456w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1560,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg 1560w" width="520" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c postImage-L4FlO9 vibrantPostImage-TTXyOq pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-padding-12 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-2 pc-minWidth-0 flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-paddingBottom-4 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-position-relative pc-reset"><div style="width:18px;height:18px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset bg-white-ZBV5av pc-borderRadius-xs overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png" sizes="100vw" alt="On Substack" width="36" height="36" style="width:18px;height:18px;" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c object-fit-cover-u4ReeV pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div></div><div class="pencraft flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset ellipsis-Jb8om8 color-vibrance-secondary-k5eqjt line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb nowrap-QngyoB reset-IxiVJZ">On Substack</div></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-vibrance-primary-KHCdqV line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-medium-fw81nC clamp-y7pNm8 clamp-2-kM02pu reset-IxiVJZ">Substack Grow: Start by setting goals</div></div></div></div></a><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-reset"><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M7.50008 14.1666H5.83341C4.72835 14.1666 3.66854 13.7276 2.88714 12.9462C2.10573 12.1648 1.66675 11.105 1.66675 9.99992C1.66675 8.89485 2.10573 7.83504 2.88714 7.05364C3.66854 6.27224 4.72835 5.83325 5.83341 5.83325H7.50008M12.5001 5.83325H14.1667C15.2718 5.83325 16.3316 6.27224 17.113 7.05364C17.8944 7.83504 18.3334 8.89485 18.3334 9.99992C18.3334 11.105 17.8944 12.1648 17.113 12.9462C16.3316 13.7276 15.2718 14.1666 14.1667 14.1666H12.5001M6.66675 9.99992H13.3334"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Copy link</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path stroke="none" d="M20 10C20 4.47715 15.5229 0 10 0C4.47715 0 0 4.47715 0 10C0 14.9912 3.65684 19.1283 8.4375 19.8785V12.8906H5.89844V10H8.4375V7.79688C8.4375 5.29063 9.93047 3.90625 12.2146 3.90625C13.3084 3.90625 14.4531 4.10156 14.4531 4.10156V6.5625H13.1922C11.95 6.5625 11.5625 7.3334 11.5625 8.125V10H14.3359L13.8926 12.8906H11.5625V19.8785C16.3432 19.1283 20 14.9912 20 10Z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Facebook</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path stroke="none" d="M9.9958 11.0646C10.2693 11.0646 10.5346 10.9569 10.7915 10.7248L19.0717 3.431C18.6241 3.13262 18.1102 3 17.3974 3H2.60257C1.88976 3 1.37587 3.13262 0.920011 3.431L9.20011 10.7248C9.46534 10.9569 9.73057 11.0646 9.9958 11.0646ZM0.215499 15.9465L6.34893 9.82137L0.198922 4.40075C0.107749 4.5748 0 4.99751 0 5.56941V14.7199C0 15.2503 0.0828842 15.6316 0.215499 15.9465ZM2.35391 17.2892H17.646C18.2511 17.2892 18.7235 17.14 19.0385 16.9245L12.731 10.6171L11.5209 11.6945C11.0402 12.1173 10.518 12.3328 9.9958 12.3328C9.48197 12.3328 8.95975 12.1173 8.47905 11.6945L7.26894 10.6171L0.961455 16.9245C1.27642 17.14 1.74057 17.2892 2.35391 17.2892ZM19.7844 15.9465C19.9088 15.6316 20 15.2503 20 14.7199V5.56941C20 4.99751 19.8922 4.5748 19.8011 4.40075L13.651 9.82137L19.7844 15.9465Z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Email</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M1.96484 0.624512H18.0354V2.70052H1.96484V0.624512Z" stroke="none"></path><path d="M1.96484 4.77655H18.0354V6.85254H1.96484V4.77655Z" stroke="none"></path><path d="M1.96484 8.92857V19.9505L10.0001 14.6347L18.0354 19.9505V8.92857H1.96484Z" stroke="none"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Notes</div></a><a id="trigger429389" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls="dialog429390" ariaLabel="View more" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-ellipsis"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="1"></circle><circle cx="19" cy="12" r="1"></circle><circle cx="5" cy="12" r="1"></circle></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">More</div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div data-test-id="comment-input" class="pencraft pc-display-flex flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset"><form class="form-CkZ7Kt"><div style="--scale:32px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-width-32 pc-height-32 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-position-relative flexAuto-Bzdrdy pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 container-TAtrWj"><div style="--scale:32px;" title="User" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-width-32 pc-height-32 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-position-relative flexAuto-Bzdrdy pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 container-TAtrWj"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_32,h_32,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png 32w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_64,h_64,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png 64w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_96,h_96,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png 96w" sizes="32px"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_32,h_32,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png" sizes="32px" alt srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_32,h_32,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png 32w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_64,h_64,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png 64w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_96,h_96,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png 96w" width="32" height="32" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset"><textarea name="body" placeholder="Write a comment..." rows="4" class="pencraft input-qHk4bN autogrowing-_ipn9Y textarea-GbEjRX inputText-pV_yWb"></textarea><div style="height:0px;transition:height 250ms var(--animation-smoothing), opacity 250ms var(--animation-smoothing);display:block;flex-direction:column;opacity:0;"><div style="padding-top:0.05px;padding-bottom:0.05px;display:block;flex:0 0 auto;flex-direction:column;transition:transform 250ms var(--animation-smoothing);"></div></div></div></form></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="single-post-section"><div class="container"><div class="visibility-check"></div><div class="pencraft pc-paddingTop-24 pc-paddingBottom-24 pc-reset"><div class="portable-archive empty-list"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-paddingLeft-8 pc-paddingRight-8 pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-position-relative pc-minWidth-0 pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6"><div style="cursor:default;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-position-relative pc-gap-4 pc-padding-4 pc-reset pc-borderRadius-full overflow-auto-7WTsTi scrollBar-hidden-HcAIpI"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-6 pc-height-32 pc-minWidth-0 pc-paddingLeft-12 pc-paddingRight-12 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center flexAuto-Bzdrdy pc-reset bg-unset-oxOYfX animate-XFJxE4 cursor-pointer-LYORKw userSelect-none-oDUy26 outline-none-PJvaz8 border-unset-KQp_zZ pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 showFocus-sk_vEm pencraft segment-w0_5nw isActive-jI7QiF"><span class="pencraft pc-reset ellipsis-Jb8om8 line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Top</span></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-6 pc-height-32 pc-minWidth-0 pc-paddingLeft-12 pc-paddingRight-12 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center flexAuto-Bzdrdy pc-reset bg-unset-oxOYfX animate-XFJxE4 cursor-pointer-LYORKw userSelect-none-oDUy26 outline-none-PJvaz8 border-unset-KQp_zZ pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 showFocus-sk_vEm pencraft segment-w0_5nw"><span class="pencraft pc-reset ellipsis-Jb8om8 line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Latest</span></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-6 pc-height-32 pc-minWidth-0 pc-paddingLeft-12 pc-paddingRight-12 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center flexAuto-Bzdrdy pc-reset bg-unset-oxOYfX animate-XFJxE4 cursor-pointer-LYORKw userSelect-none-oDUy26 outline-none-PJvaz8 border-unset-KQp_zZ pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 showFocus-sk_vEm pencraft segment-w0_5nw"><span class="pencraft pc-reset ellipsis-Jb8om8 line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Discussions</span></button><div class="pencraft pc-position-absolute pc-height-32 pc-boxShadow-sm pc-reset bg-primary-zk6FDl pc-borderRadius-full sizing-border-box-DggLA4 highlight-hrEEGK"></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset arrowButtonContainer-O4uSiH arrowButtonOverlaidContainer-t10AyH left-Tg8vqp"><div class="overlay-zrMCxn secondary-pOosZC"></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset arrowButtonContainer-O4uSiH arrowButtonOverlaidContainer-t10AyH right-i3oWGi"><div class="overlay-zrMCxn secondary-pOosZC"></div></div></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton2-DvFP7w iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonNew-KfJF0Q size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-search"><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"></circle><path d="m21 21-4.3-4.3"></path></svg></button></div><div class="portable-archive-list"><p class="portable-archive-empty">No posts</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="visibility-check"></div><div class="subscribe-footer"><div class="container"><p>Ready for more?</p><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-center pc-reset"><div><div class="container-IpPqBD"><form action="/api/v1/free?nojs=true" method="post" novalidate class="form form-M5sC90"><input type="hidden" name="first_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="current_url"/><input type="hidden" name="current_referrer"/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="referral_code"/><input type="hidden" name="source" value="subscribe_footer"/><input type="hidden" name="referring_pub_id"/><input type="hidden" name="additional_referring_pub_ids"/><div class="sideBySideWrap-vGXrwP"><div class="emailInputWrapper-QlA86j"><input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Type your email..." class="pencraft emailInput-OkIMeB emailInputOnAccentBackground-TfaCGr"/></div><button tabindex="0" type="submit" class="button rightButton primary subscribe-btn button-VFSdkv buttonOnAccentBackground-vmEt94"><span class="button-text ">Subscribe</span></button></div><div id="error-container"></div></form></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer-wrap publication-footer"><div class="visibility-check"></div><div class="footer themed-background"><div class="container"><div class="footer-blurbs"><div class="footer-copyright-blurb">© 2025 Substack</div><div class="footer-terms-blurb"><a href="https://substack.com/privacy" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Privacy</a><span> ∙ </span><a href="https://substack.com/tos" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Terms</a><span> ∙ </span><a href="https://substack.com/ccpa#personal-data-collected" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Collection notice</a></div></div><div class="footer-buttons"><a native href="https://substack.com/signup?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=web&utm_content=footer" class="footer-substack-cta start-publishing"><svg role="img" width="1000" height="1000" viewBox="0 0 1000 1000" fill="#FF6719" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M764.166 348.371H236.319V419.402H764.166V348.371Z"></path><path d="M236.319 483.752V813.999L500.231 666.512L764.19 813.999V483.752H236.319Z"></path><path d="M764.166 213H236.319V284.019H764.166V213Z"></path></g></svg> Start Writing</a><a native href="https://substack.com/app/app-store-redirect?utm_campaign=app-marketing&utm_content=web-footer-button" class="footer-substack-cta get-the-app no-icon">Get the app</a></div><div translated class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ footer-slogan-blurb"><a href="https://substack.com" native>Substack</a> is the home for great culture</div></div></div></div></div><div inert role="dialog" class="modal typography out gone share-dialog popup"><div class="modal-table"><div class="modal-row"><div class="modal-cell modal-content no-fullscreen"><div class="container"><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-testid="close-modal" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft modal-btn modal-exit-btn no-margin iconButton2-DvFP7w iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonNew-KfJF0Q size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="secondary" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-x"><path d="M18 6 6 18"></path><path d="m6 6 12 12"></path></svg></button><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset elevatedTheme-fBklGV"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-24 pc-padding-24 pc-reset bg-primary-zk6FDl border-detail-EGrm7T pc-borderRadius-md container-KYismR"><h4 class="pencraft flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset align-center-y7ZD4w line-height-24-jnGwiv font-display-nhmvtD size-20-P_cSRT weight-bold-DmI9lw reset-IxiVJZ">Share</h4><a href class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-reset animate-XFJxE4 cursor-pointer-LYORKw"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset elevatedTheme-fBklGV"><div tabindex="0" rel="nofollow noopener ugc" target="_blank" draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-padding-12 pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-primary-zk6FDl animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-md showFocus-sk_vEm postAttachment-eYV3fM"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-2 pc-minWidth-0 flexGrow-tjePuI pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-medium-fw81nC clamp-y7pNm8 clamp-2-kM02pu reset-IxiVJZ"></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J pc-borderRadius-md"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="var(--color-fg-secondary)" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></div></div></div></a><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-reset"><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M7.50008 14.1666H5.83341C4.72835 14.1666 3.66854 13.7276 2.88714 12.9462C2.10573 12.1648 1.66675 11.105 1.66675 9.99992C1.66675 8.89485 2.10573 7.83504 2.88714 7.05364C3.66854 6.27224 4.72835 5.83325 5.83341 5.83325H7.50008M12.5001 5.83325H14.1667C15.2718 5.83325 16.3316 6.27224 17.113 7.05364C17.8944 7.83504 18.3334 8.89485 18.3334 9.99992C18.3334 11.105 17.8944 12.1648 17.113 12.9462C16.3316 13.7276 15.2718 14.1666 14.1667 14.1666H12.5001M6.66675 9.99992H13.3334"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Copy link</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path stroke="none" d="M20 10C20 4.47715 15.5229 0 10 0C4.47715 0 0 4.47715 0 10C0 14.9912 3.65684 19.1283 8.4375 19.8785V12.8906H5.89844V10H8.4375V7.79688C8.4375 5.29063 9.93047 3.90625 12.2146 3.90625C13.3084 3.90625 14.4531 4.10156 14.4531 4.10156V6.5625H13.1922C11.95 6.5625 11.5625 7.3334 11.5625 8.125V10H14.3359L13.8926 12.8906H11.5625V19.8785C16.3432 19.1283 20 14.9912 20 10Z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Facebook</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path stroke="none" d="M9.9958 11.0646C10.2693 11.0646 10.5346 10.9569 10.7915 10.7248L19.0717 3.431C18.6241 3.13262 18.1102 3 17.3974 3H2.60257C1.88976 3 1.37587 3.13262 0.920011 3.431L9.20011 10.7248C9.46534 10.9569 9.73057 11.0646 9.9958 11.0646ZM0.215499 15.9465L6.34893 9.82137L0.198922 4.40075C0.107749 4.5748 0 4.99751 0 5.56941V14.7199C0 15.2503 0.0828842 15.6316 0.215499 15.9465ZM2.35391 17.2892H17.646C18.2511 17.2892 18.7235 17.14 19.0385 16.9245L12.731 10.6171L11.5209 11.6945C11.0402 12.1173 10.518 12.3328 9.9958 12.3328C9.48197 12.3328 8.95975 12.1173 8.47905 11.6945L7.26894 10.6171L0.961455 16.9245C1.27642 17.14 1.74057 17.2892 2.35391 17.2892ZM19.7844 15.9465C19.9088 15.6316 20 15.2503 20 14.7199V5.56941C20 4.99751 19.8922 4.5748 19.8011 4.40075L13.651 9.82137L19.7844 15.9465Z"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Email</div></a><a class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg role="img" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M1.96484 0.624512H18.0354V2.70052H1.96484V0.624512Z" stroke="none"></path><path d="M1.96484 4.77655H18.0354V6.85254H1.96484V4.77655Z" stroke="none"></path><path d="M1.96484 8.92857V19.9505L10.0001 14.6347L18.0354 19.9505V8.92857H1.96484Z" stroke="none"></path></g></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Notes</div></a><a id="trigger429391" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls="dialog429392" ariaLabel="View more" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-width-64 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw button-zkMi7O"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-width-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-lg icon-U2KWC6"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-ellipsis"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="1"></circle><circle cx="19" cy="12" r="1"></circle><circle cx="5" cy="12" r="1"></circle></svg></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-11-NuY2Zx weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">More</div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="left:auto;right:16px;bottom:16px;z-index:999;transform:translateY(0px);" class="pencraft pc-position-fixed pc-reset sizing-border-box-DggLA4"></div><div></div> </div> <script src="https://js.sentry-cdn.com/6c2ff3e3828e4017b7faf7b63e24cdf8.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script> window.Sentry && window.Sentry.onLoad(function() { window.Sentry.init({ environment: window._preloads.sentry_environment, dsn: window._preloads.sentry_dsn, }) }) </script> <script>window._preloads = JSON.parse("{\"isEU\":false,\"language\":\"en\",\"country\":\"SG\",\"base_url\":\"https://on.substack.com\",\"stripe_publishable_key\":\"pk_live_vNnuGHOFnt4mM7V9PuCAAPJz\",\"captcha_site_key\":\"6LdYbsYZAAAAAIFIRh8X_16GoFRLIReh-e-q6qSa\",\"pub\":{\"apple_pay_disabled\":false,\"apex_domain\":null,\"author_id\":41856304,\"byline_images_enabled\":true,\"bylines_enabled\":true,\"chartable_token\":null,\"community_enabled\":true,\"copyright\":\"Substack\",\"cover_photo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8f99d40f-3433-4a73-9ad2-4027ab34996a_1000x600.png\",\"created_at\":\"2017-12-12T04:37:34.302Z\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"custom_domain\":null,\"custom_publication_theme_id\":null,\"default_comment_sort\":\"best_first\",\"default_coupon\":\"its-on\",\"default_group_coupon\":null,\"default_show_guest_bios\":true,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"email_from_name\":\"Substack\",\"email_from\":null,\"embed_tracking_disabled\":false,\"explicit\":false,\"expose_paywall_content_to_search_engines\":true,\"fb_pixel_id\":null,\"fb_site_verification_token\":null,\"flagged_as_spam\":false,\"founding_subscription_benefits\":null,\"free_subscription_benefits\":null,\"ga_pixel_id\":\"UA-189374947-1\",\"google_site_verification_token\":null,\"google_tag_manager_token\":null,\"hero_image\":null,\"hero_text\":\"Resources, stories, and news for the writers, podcasters, musicians, video creators, and culture makers publishing on Substack. \",\"hide_intro_subtitle\":false,\"hide_intro_title\":true,\"hide_podcast_feed_link\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"id\":1,\"image_thumbnails_always_enabled\":false,\"invite_only\":false,\"language\":\"en\",\"logo_url_wide\":null,\"logo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba81cfff-7bc5-4aef-866e-864d0942c42d_1000x1000.png\",\"minimum_group_size\":2,\"moderation_enabled\":true,\"name\":\"On Substack\",\"paid_subscription_benefits\":null,\"parsely_pixel_id\":null,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"paywall_free_trial_enabled\":false,\"podcast_art_url\":\"https://cdn.substack.com/image/fetch/w_1400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fpodcast%2Fgeneric.png\",\"paid_podcast_episode_art_url\":null,\"podcast_byline\":\"The Substack team\",\"podcast_description\":\"Conversations with writers, creators, and independent thinkers about how they got here. Produced by Substack, a new media app that connects you with the creators, ideas, and communities building the future of culture.\",\"podcast_enabled\":true,\"podcast_feed_url\":null,\"podcast_title\":\"The Substack Podcast\",\"post_preview_limit\":null,\"require_clickthrough\":false,\"show_pub_podcast_tab\":false,\"show_recs_on_homepage\":true,\"subdomain\":\"on\",\"subscriber_invites\":0,\"support_email\":null,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#FF6719\",\"theme_var_color_links\":false,\"theme_var_cover_bg_color\":null,\"trial_end_override\":null,\"twitter_pixel_id\":null,\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"post_reaction_faces_enabled\":true,\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"plans\":null,\"stripe_user_id\":null,\"stripe_country\":null,\"stripe_publishable_key\":null,\"stripe_platform_account\":null,\"automatic_tax_enabled\":null,\"author_name\":\"Substack Team\",\"author_handle\":\"substackteam\",\"author_photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0cc9b93-5469-46f3-b2c9-ee0392b93a64_1000x1000.png\",\"author_bio\":\"Resources, news, and stories for @Substack writers and creators.\",\"twitter_share_on_publish_opt_in\":null,\"has_custom_tos\":false,\"has_custom_privacy\":false,\"theme\":{\"background_pop_color\":\"#FF7731\",\"web_bg_color\":\"#ffffff\",\"cover_bg_color\":\"#ffffff\",\"publication_id\":1,\"color_links\":null,\"font_preset_heading\":\"fancy_serif\",\"font_preset_body\":\"fancy_serif\",\"font_family_headings\":null,\"font_family_body\":null,\"font_family_ui\":null,\"font_size_body_desktop\":null,\"print_secondary\":null,\"custom_css_web\":null,\"custom_css_email\":null,\"home_hero\":\"newspaper\",\"home_posts\":\"custom\",\"home_show_top_posts\":true,\"hide_images_from_list\":false,\"home_hero_alignment\":\"left\",\"home_hero_show_podcast_links\":true,\"default_post_header_variant\":null},\"threads_v2_settings\":{\"photo_replies_enabled\":true,\"first_thread_email_sent_at\":\"2022-11-03T17:13:06.383+00:00\",\"create_thread_minimum_role\":\"contributor\",\"activated_at\":\"2022-11-03T14:57:01.834+00:00\",\"reader_thread_notifications_enabled\":false,\"boost_free_subscriber_chat_preview_enabled\":false,\"push_suppression_enabled\":false},\"default_group_coupon_percent_off\":null,\"pause_return_date\":null,\"has_posts\":true,\"has_recommendations\":true,\"first_post_date\":\"2017-07-18T02:30:57.690Z\",\"has_podcast\":true,\"has_free_podcast\":true,\"has_subscriber_only_podcast\":false,\"has_community_content\":true,\"twitter_permissions\":\"none\",\"rankingDetail\":null,\"rankingDetailFreeIncluded\":null,\"rankingDetailOrderOfMagnitude\":null,\"rankingDetailFreeIncludedOrderOfMagnitude\":null,\"rankingDetailFreeSubscriberCount\":null,\"rankingDetailByLanguage\":{},\"freeSubscriberCount\":null,\"freeSubscriberCountOrderOfMagnitude\":null,\"author_bestseller_tier\":0,\"disable_monthly_subscriptions\":false,\"disable_annual_subscriptions\":false,\"hide_post_restacks\":false,\"notes_feed_enabled\":true,\"last_chat_post_at\":\"2023-06-20T21:30:48.627Z\",\"no_follow\":false,\"paywall_chat\":\"free\",\"sections\":[{\"id\":2519,\"created_at\":\"2021-07-01T19:48:57.564Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2021-07-01T19:48:57.564Z\",\"publication_id\":1,\"name\":\"Stories\",\"description\":\"Exploring the great writing on Substack.\",\"slug\":\"stories\",\"is_podcast\":false,\"is_live\":true,\"is_default_on\":true,\"sibling_rank\":0,\"port_status\":\"success\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5e4b7fa8-785a-4294-bdf4-ecd39cdd85a0_500x500.png\",\"hide_from_navbar\":true,\"email_from_name\":null,\"hide_posts_from_pub_listings\":false,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":false,\"hide_intro_subtitle\":false,\"ignore_publication_email_settings\":false,\"podcastSettings\":null,\"spotifyPodcastSettings\":null,\"pageTheme\":null,\"showLinks\":[],\"podcastPalette\":{\"DarkMuted\":{\"population\":72,\"rgb\":[73,153,137]},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"population\":6013,\"rgb\":[4,100,84]},\"LightMuted\":{\"population\":7,\"rgb\":[142,198,186]},\"LightVibrant\":{\"population\":3,\"rgb\":[166,214,206]},\"Muted\":{\"population\":6,\"rgb\":[92,164,156]},\"Vibrant\":{\"population\":5,\"rgb\":[76,164,146]}},\"spotify_podcast_settings\":null},{\"id\":2474,\"created_at\":\"2021-06-30T18:52:32.494Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2021-06-30T18:52:32.494Z\",\"publication_id\":1,\"name\":\"Resources\",\"description\":\"Tips, ideas, and resources for writers.\",\"slug\":\"resources\",\"is_podcast\":true,\"is_live\":true,\"is_default_on\":true,\"sibling_rank\":1,\"port_status\":\"success\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3fb6fe8c-9597-48a2-8155-795292033f33_2800x2800.png\",\"hide_from_navbar\":false,\"email_from_name\":null,\"hide_posts_from_pub_listings\":false,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":false,\"hide_intro_subtitle\":false,\"ignore_publication_email_settings\":false,\"podcastSettings\":{\"section_id\":2474,\"itunes_podcast_primary_category\":\"Education\",\"itunes_podcast_primary_subcategory\":\"How To\",\"itunes_podcast_secondary_category\":\"Business\",\"itunes_podcast_secondary_subcategory\":\"Entrepreneurship\",\"itunes_email\":null,\"language\":\"\",\"itunes_explicit\":false,\"podcast_art_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3fb6fe8c-9597-48a2-8155-795292033f33_2800x2800.png\",\"podcast_subtitle\":null,\"podcast_keywords\":null,\"hide_podcast_feed_link\":false,\"podcast_feed_url\":null,\"podcast_title\":\"Resources\",\"podcast_description\":\"Tips, ideas, and resources for writers.\",\"podcast_byline\":null,\"paid_podcast_episode_art_url\":null,\"migrated_to_attached_podcast\":true},\"spotifyPodcastSettings\":null,\"pageTheme\":null,\"showLinks\":[],\"podcastPalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[252,172,36],\"population\":954},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[19,114,92],\"population\":40},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[252,212,135],\"population\":17},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[153,147,84],\"population\":31},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[60,84,84],\"population\":3},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[176,171,208],\"population\":20}},\"spotify_podcast_settings\":null},{\"id\":2520,\"created_at\":\"2021-07-01T19:53:53.337Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2021-07-01T19:53:53.337Z\",\"publication_id\":1,\"name\":\"News & Views\",\"description\":\"Product updates and perspectives on the subscription publishing model. \",\"slug\":\"news\",\"is_podcast\":false,\"is_live\":true,\"is_default_on\":true,\"sibling_rank\":2,\"port_status\":\"success\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cbc77b5a-1f24-45e7-9374-61c6ddc5dd56_500x500.png\",\"hide_from_navbar\":false,\"email_from_name\":null,\"hide_posts_from_pub_listings\":false,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":false,\"hide_intro_subtitle\":false,\"ignore_publication_email_settings\":false,\"podcastSettings\":null,\"spotifyPodcastSettings\":null,\"pageTheme\":null,\"showLinks\":[],\"podcastPalette\":{\"DarkMuted\":{\"population\":72,\"rgb\":[73,153,137]},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"population\":6013,\"rgb\":[4,100,84]},\"LightMuted\":{\"population\":7,\"rgb\":[142,198,186]},\"LightVibrant\":{\"population\":3,\"rgb\":[166,214,206]},\"Muted\":{\"population\":6,\"rgb\":[92,164,156]},\"Vibrant\":{\"population\":5,\"rgb\":[76,164,146]}},\"spotify_podcast_settings\":null},{\"id\":22019,\"created_at\":\"2022-07-06T21:32:12.379Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2022-07-06T21:32:12.379Z\",\"publication_id\":1,\"name\":\"Product\",\"description\":\"Sharing the latest changes and updates to the Substack product. \",\"slug\":\"product\",\"is_podcast\":false,\"is_live\":true,\"is_default_on\":true,\"sibling_rank\":3,\"port_status\":\"success\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5eed323c-5ba7-4007-b4e0-9c64a28438ca_462x462.png\",\"hide_from_navbar\":false,\"email_from_name\":null,\"hide_posts_from_pub_listings\":false,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":false,\"hide_intro_subtitle\":false,\"ignore_publication_email_settings\":false,\"podcastSettings\":null,\"spotifyPodcastSettings\":null,\"pageTheme\":null,\"showLinks\":[],\"podcastPalette\":{\"DarkMuted\":{\"population\":72,\"rgb\":[73,153,137]},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"population\":6013,\"rgb\":[4,100,84]},\"LightMuted\":{\"population\":7,\"rgb\":[142,198,186]},\"LightVibrant\":{\"population\":3,\"rgb\":[166,214,206]},\"Muted\":{\"population\":6,\"rgb\":[92,164,156]},\"Vibrant\":{\"population\":5,\"rgb\":[76,164,146]}},\"spotify_podcast_settings\":null},{\"id\":39917,\"created_at\":\"2022-10-20T14:35:17.049Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2022-10-20T14:35:17.049Z\",\"publication_id\":1,\"name\":\"Office Hours\",\"description\":\"The writer community and the Substack team gather together in a discussion thread to share knowledge and answer questions weekly on Thursdays.\",\"slug\":\"office-hours\",\"is_podcast\":false,\"is_live\":true,\"is_default_on\":true,\"sibling_rank\":4,\"port_status\":\"success\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b3cfd25a-e7f3-47d7-a651-a1910ebbc36f_1280x1280.png\",\"hide_from_navbar\":false,\"email_from_name\":\"\",\"hide_posts_from_pub_listings\":true,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":false,\"hide_intro_subtitle\":false,\"ignore_publication_email_settings\":false,\"podcastSettings\":null,\"spotifyPodcastSettings\":null,\"pageTheme\":null,\"showLinks\":[],\"podcastPalette\":{\"DarkMuted\":{\"population\":72,\"rgb\":[73,153,137]},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"population\":6013,\"rgb\":[4,100,84]},\"LightMuted\":{\"population\":7,\"rgb\":[142,198,186]},\"LightVibrant\":{\"population\":3,\"rgb\":[166,214,206]},\"Muted\":{\"population\":6,\"rgb\":[92,164,156]},\"Vibrant\":{\"population\":5,\"rgb\":[76,164,146]}},\"spotify_podcast_settings\":null}],\"multipub_migration\":null,\"navigationBarItems\":[{\"id\":\"3b5f1701-9c8d-4d19-b54c-fe14907177b6\",\"publication_id\":1,\"sibling_rank\":0,\"link_title\":null,\"link_url\":null,\"section_id\":2519,\"post_id\":null,\"is_hidden\":null,\"standard_key\":null,\"post_tag_id\":null,\"post\":null,\"postTag\":null,\"section\":{\"id\":2519,\"created_at\":\"2021-07-01T19:48:57.564Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2021-07-01T19:48:57.564Z\",\"publication_id\":1,\"name\":\"Stories\",\"description\":\"Exploring the great writing on Substack.\",\"slug\":\"stories\",\"is_podcast\":false,\"is_live\":true,\"is_default_on\":true,\"sibling_rank\":0,\"port_status\":\"success\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5e4b7fa8-785a-4294-bdf4-ecd39cdd85a0_500x500.png\",\"hide_from_navbar\":true,\"email_from_name\":null,\"hide_posts_from_pub_listings\":false,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":false,\"hide_intro_subtitle\":false,\"ignore_publication_email_settings\":false}},{\"id\":\"51ffe74b-f5aa-430e-b1c9-0bb5cdcb5db4\",\"publication_id\":1,\"sibling_rank\":0,\"link_title\":null,\"link_url\":null,\"section_id\":null,\"post_id\":null,\"is_hidden\":true,\"standard_key\":\"notes\",\"post_tag_id\":null,\"post\":null,\"postTag\":null,\"section\":null},{\"id\":\"14ecd69b-f6b7-45f2-9290-badde315a078\",\"publication_id\":1,\"sibling_rank\":1,\"link_title\":null,\"link_url\":null,\"section_id\":2474,\"post_id\":null,\"is_hidden\":null,\"standard_key\":null,\"post_tag_id\":null,\"post\":null,\"postTag\":null,\"section\":{\"id\":2474,\"created_at\":\"2021-06-30T18:52:32.494Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2021-06-30T18:52:32.494Z\",\"publication_id\":1,\"name\":\"Resources\",\"description\":\"Tips, ideas, and resources for writers.\",\"slug\":\"resources\",\"is_podcast\":true,\"is_live\":true,\"is_default_on\":true,\"sibling_rank\":1,\"port_status\":\"success\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3fb6fe8c-9597-48a2-8155-795292033f33_2800x2800.png\",\"hide_from_navbar\":false,\"email_from_name\":null,\"hide_posts_from_pub_listings\":false,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":false,\"hide_intro_subtitle\":false,\"ignore_publication_email_settings\":false}},{\"id\":\"1bb3335f-be73-4f88-ad1f-50efbf77111e\",\"publication_id\":1,\"sibling_rank\":2,\"link_title\":null,\"link_url\":null,\"section_id\":2520,\"post_id\":null,\"is_hidden\":null,\"standard_key\":null,\"post_tag_id\":null,\"post\":null,\"postTag\":null,\"section\":{\"id\":2520,\"created_at\":\"2021-07-01T19:53:53.337Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2021-07-01T19:53:53.337Z\",\"publication_id\":1,\"name\":\"News & Views\",\"description\":\"Product updates and perspectives on the subscription publishing model. \",\"slug\":\"news\",\"is_podcast\":false,\"is_live\":true,\"is_default_on\":true,\"sibling_rank\":2,\"port_status\":\"success\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cbc77b5a-1f24-45e7-9374-61c6ddc5dd56_500x500.png\",\"hide_from_navbar\":false,\"email_from_name\":null,\"hide_posts_from_pub_listings\":false,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":false,\"hide_intro_subtitle\":false,\"ignore_publication_email_settings\":false}},{\"id\":\"2d9ba6ae-a8e1-4cf3-8028-1a9f8272ed14\",\"publication_id\":1,\"sibling_rank\":3,\"link_title\":null,\"link_url\":null,\"section_id\":22019,\"post_id\":null,\"is_hidden\":null,\"standard_key\":null,\"post_tag_id\":null,\"post\":null,\"postTag\":null,\"section\":{\"id\":22019,\"created_at\":\"2022-07-06T21:32:12.379Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2022-07-06T21:32:12.379Z\",\"publication_id\":1,\"name\":\"Product\",\"description\":\"Sharing the latest changes and updates to the Substack product. \",\"slug\":\"product\",\"is_podcast\":false,\"is_live\":true,\"is_default_on\":true,\"sibling_rank\":3,\"port_status\":\"success\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5eed323c-5ba7-4007-b4e0-9c64a28438ca_462x462.png\",\"hide_from_navbar\":false,\"email_from_name\":null,\"hide_posts_from_pub_listings\":false,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":false,\"hide_intro_subtitle\":false,\"ignore_publication_email_settings\":false}},{\"id\":\"d70b70db-e2d8-444b-bca9-b7ab8b493d27\",\"publication_id\":1,\"sibling_rank\":9999,\"link_title\":null,\"link_url\":null,\"section_id\":39917,\"post_id\":null,\"is_hidden\":null,\"standard_key\":null,\"post_tag_id\":null,\"post\":null,\"postTag\":null,\"section\":{\"id\":39917,\"created_at\":\"2022-10-20T14:35:17.049Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2022-10-20T14:35:17.049Z\",\"publication_id\":1,\"name\":\"Office Hours\",\"description\":\"The writer community and the Substack team gather together in a discussion thread to share knowledge and answer questions weekly on Thursdays.\",\"slug\":\"office-hours\",\"is_podcast\":false,\"is_live\":true,\"is_default_on\":true,\"sibling_rank\":4,\"port_status\":\"success\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b3cfd25a-e7f3-47d7-a651-a1910ebbc36f_1280x1280.png\",\"hide_from_navbar\":false,\"email_from_name\":\"\",\"hide_posts_from_pub_listings\":true,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":false,\"hide_intro_subtitle\":false,\"ignore_publication_email_settings\":false}}],\"contributors\":[{\"name\":\"Substack Team\",\"handle\":\"substackteam\",\"role\":\"admin\",\"owner\":true,\"user_id\":41856304,\"photo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a0cc9b93-5469-46f3-b2c9-ee0392b93a64_1000x1000.png\",\"bio\":\"Resources, news, and stories for @Substack writers and creators.\"}],\"threads_v2_enabled\":true,\"viralGiftsConfig\":{\"id\":\"1d540c50-22f9-4606-8be3-ec104d5f8af4\",\"publication_id\":1,\"enabled\":false,\"gifts_per_user\":5,\"gift_length_months\":1,\"send_extra_gifts\":true,\"message\":\"Resources and stories for writers. Written by the Substack team.\",\"created_at\":\"2021-09-02T21:02:24.510815+00:00\",\"updated_at\":\"2021-09-02T21:02:24.510815+00:00\",\"days_til_invite\":14,\"send_emails\":true,\"show_link\":null,\"grant_email_body\":null,\"grant_email_subject\":null},\"tier\":2,\"no_index\":false,\"can_set_google_site_verification\":true,\"can_have_sitemap\":true,\"founding_plan_name_english\":\"Founding Member\",\"draft_plans\":null,\"base_url\":\"https://on.substack.com\",\"hostname\":\"on.substack.com\",\"is_on_substack\":true,\"spotify_podcast_settings\":{\"id\":\"1670\",\"publication_id\":1,\"section_id\":null,\"spotify_access_token\":\"36d53a0a-6ad2-4563-8b05-b5b33c7b089e\",\"spotify_uri\":null,\"spotify_podcast_title\":null,\"created_at\":\"2024-03-14T23:36:29.221Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2024-03-14T23:36:29.221Z\",\"currently_published_on_spotify\":false,\"feed_url_for_spotify\":\"https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/spotify/36d53a0a-6ad2-4563-8b05-b5b33c7b089e/1.rss\",\"spotify_show_url\":\"\"},\"podcastPalette\":null,\"pageThemes\":{\"podcast\":null},\"live_subscriber_counts\":false,\"subscribeCardVersionHash\":\"f4b5c144f724d28d5509e87adc7edbf5\",\"section\":{\"id\":2474,\"created_at\":\"2021-06-30T18:52:32.494Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2021-06-30T18:52:32.494Z\",\"publication_id\":1,\"name\":\"Resources\",\"description\":\"Tips, ideas, and resources for writers.\",\"slug\":\"resources\",\"is_podcast\":true,\"is_live\":true,\"is_default_on\":true,\"sibling_rank\":1,\"port_status\":\"success\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3fb6fe8c-9597-48a2-8155-795292033f33_2800x2800.png\",\"hide_from_navbar\":false,\"email_from_name\":null,\"hide_posts_from_pub_listings\":false,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":false,\"hide_intro_subtitle\":false,\"ignore_publication_email_settings\":false,\"podcastSettings\":{\"section_id\":2474,\"itunes_podcast_primary_category\":\"Education\",\"itunes_podcast_primary_subcategory\":\"How To\",\"itunes_podcast_secondary_category\":\"Business\",\"itunes_podcast_secondary_subcategory\":\"Entrepreneurship\",\"itunes_email\":null,\"language\":\"\",\"itunes_explicit\":false,\"podcast_art_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3fb6fe8c-9597-48a2-8155-795292033f33_2800x2800.png\",\"podcast_subtitle\":null,\"podcast_keywords\":null,\"hide_podcast_feed_link\":false,\"podcast_feed_url\":null,\"podcast_title\":\"Resources\",\"podcast_description\":\"Tips, ideas, and resources for writers.\",\"podcast_byline\":null,\"paid_podcast_episode_art_url\":null,\"migrated_to_attached_podcast\":true},\"spotifyPodcastSettings\":null,\"pageTheme\":null,\"showLinks\":[],\"podcastPalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[252,172,36],\"population\":954},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[19,114,92],\"population\":40},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[252,212,135],\"population\":17},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[153,147,84],\"population\":31},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[60,84,84],\"population\":3},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[176,171,208],\"population\":20}},\"spotify_podcast_settings\":null}},\"confirmedLogin\":false,\"hide_intro_popup\":false,\"block_auto_login\":false,\"domainInfo\":{\"isSubstack\":true,\"customDomain\":null},\"experimentFeatures\":{},\"experimentExposures\":{},\"siteConfigs\":{\"score_upsell_email\":\"control\",\"first_chat_email_enabled\":true,\"notes_video_max_duration_minutes\":5,\"reader-onboarding-promoted-pub\":737237,\"new_commenter_approval\":true,\"pub_update_opennode_api_key\":false,\"live_stream_creation_from_desktop_enabled\":false,\"embedding_search_using_quantized_field\":false,\"zendesk_automation_cancellations\":false,\"hide_book_a_meeting_button\":false,\"free_signup_notification_strategy\":\"control\",\"mfa_action_box_enabled\":false,\"publication_max_bylines\":35,\"no_contest_charge_disputes\":false,\"publication_tabs_reorder\":false,\"comp_expiry_email_new_copy\":\"NONE\",\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"traffic_rule_check_enabled\":false,\"amp_emails_enabled\":false,\"enable_post_summarization\":false,\"image_deep_link_enabled\":false,\"bitcoin_enabled\":false,\"allow_rtmp_live_streams_on_desktop\":true,\"show_entire_square_image\":false,\"hide_subscriber_count\":false,\"publication_author_display_override\":\"Substack Team\",\"ios_video_post_creation_enabled_beta\":false,\"generate_pdf_tax_report\":false,\"show_generic_post_importer\":false,\"enable_pledges_modal\":false,\"include_pdf_invoice\":false,\"app_upsell_after_posting_notes\":\"experiment\",\"platform_searcher_enabled\":false,\"reading_queue_ranking_v2\":\"experiment\",\"use_post_podcast_import_batching\":true,\"meetings_v1\":false,\"live_stream_share_override_pub_id\":0,\"exempt_from_gtm_filter\":false,\"group_sections_and_podcasts_in_menu\":false,\"boost_optin_modal_enabled\":true,\"standards_and_enforcement_features_enabled\":false,\"pub_creation_captcha_behavior\":\"risky_pubs_or_rate_limit\",\"post_blogspot_importer\":false,\"pub_tts_override\":\"default\",\"disable_monthly_subscriptions\":false,\"skip_welcome_email\":false,\"chat_reader_thread_notification_default\":false,\"scheduled_pinned_posts\":false,\"disable_redirect_outbound_utm_params\":false,\"reader_gift_referrals_enabled\":true,\"enable_bestseller_survey_modal\":false,\"dont_show_guest_byline\":false,\"like_comments_enabled\":true,\"thefp_disable_wallets\":false,\"temporal_livestream_ended_draft\":true,\"enable_author_note_email_toggle\":false,\"meetings_embed_publication_name\":false,\"livekit_track_egress_custom_base_url\":\"http://livekit-egress-custom-recorder-participant-test.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\",\"people_you_may_know_algorithm\":\"experiment\",\"welcome_screen_blurb_override\":\"\",\"post_recipients_batch_limit\":1000,\"like_posts_enabled\":true,\"notes_publication_mentions_enabled\":false,\"twitter_player_card_enabled\":true,\"show_app_upsell_subscribe_flow\":true,\"feed_promoted_user\":false,\"writer_beta_android_enable_post_editor_v2\":false,\"show_note_stats_for_all_notes\":false,\"section_specific_csv_imports_enabled\":false,\"bypass_profile_substack_logo_detection\":false,\"use_preloaded_player_sources\":false,\"generate_twitter_card_with_lamda\":false,\"list_pruning_enabled\":false,\"facebook_connect\":false,\"opt_in_to_sections_during_subscribe\":false,\"notes_click_see_more_baseline\":0.25,\"underlined_colored_links\":false,\"notes_watch_video_baseline\":0.1,\"max_image_upload_mb\":32,\"modal_rec_variant_user\":\"control\",\"extract_stripe_receipt_url\":false,\"enable_android_dms_writer_beta\":false,\"threads_suggested_ios_version\":null,\"pledges_disabled\":false,\"threads_minimum_ios_version\":812,\"hide_podcast_email_setup_link\":false,\"subscribe_captcha_behavior\":\"default\",\"publication_ban_sample_rate\":0,\"grant_viral_gifts_to_gift_recipients\":\"experiment\",\"notes_weight_short_item_boost\":0.3,\"custom_themes_substack_subscribe_modal\":false,\"share_viral_gift_as_link\":\"experiment\",\"continue_support_cta_in_newsletter_emails\":false,\"bloomberg_syndication_enabled\":false,\"custom_publication_theme\":false,\"lists_enabled\":false,\"generated_database_maintenance_mode\":false,\"allow_document_freeze\":false,\"podcast_main_feed_is_firehose\":true,\"pub_app_incentive_gift\":\"\",\"no_embed_redirect\":false,\"translate_mobile_app\":false,\"customized_email_from_name_for_new_follow_emails\":\"treatment\",\"spotify_open_access_sandbox_mode\":false,\"fullstory_enabled\":true,\"chat_reply_poll_interval\":3,\"enable_reader_marketing_page\":false,\"force_pub_links_to_use_subdomain\":false,\"email_existing_users_on_import\":false,\"always_show_cookie_banner\":false,\"hide_media_download_option\":false,\"twitter_figures_enabled\":false,\"hide_post_restacks\":false,\"feed_item_source_debug_mode\":false,\"writer_beta_android_enable_post_editor\":false,\"allow_multiple_feed_post_impressions\":\"control\",\"daily_promoted_notes_enabled\":true,\"publication_homepage_title_display_override\":\"\",\"pub_banned_word_list\":\"\",\"post_preview_highlight_byline\":false,\"4k_video\":false,\"bypass_unlock_token_limit\":false,\"post_metering_enabled\":false,\"notifications_disabled\":\"\",\"cross_post_notification_threshold\":1000,\"facebook_connect_prod_app\":true,\"feed_enable_live_streams\":false,\"messages_inbox_page_size\":50,\"minimum_android_version\":756,\"enable_transcription_translations\":false,\"chrome_snapshot_version\":\"2\",\"use_og_image_as_twitter_image_for_post_previews\":false,\"always_use_podcast_channel_art_as_episode_art_in_rss\":false,\"cookie_preference_middleware_enabled\":false,\"seo_tier_override\":\"NONE\",\"social_media_follower_thresholds_for_alerts\":\"750000|750000|750000\",\"no_follow_links\":false,\"publisher_api_enabled\":false,\"zendesk_support_priority\":\"default\",\"enable_global_navigation_ios\":true,\"enable_subscriber_referrals_awards\":true,\"onboarding_pymk_ranking\":false,\"use_publication_language_for_transcription\":false,\"show_substack_funded_gifts_tooltip\":true,\"disable_ai_transcription\":false,\"thread_permalink_preview_min_ios_version\":4192,\"feed_main_disabled\":false,\"android_toggle_on_website_enabled\":false,\"internal_android_enable_post_editor\":false,\"android_edit_user_links\":false,\"web_reader_podcasts_tab\":false,\"phone_verification_fallback_to_twilio\":true,\"live_stream_creation_enabled\":false,\"disable_card_element_in_europe\":false,\"enable_web_typing_indicators\":false,\"web_vitals_sample_rate\":33,\"allow_live_stream_auto_takedown\":\"true\",\"skip_twitter_step_in_writer_onboarding\":true,\"temporal_zync_post_editor\":false,\"enable_related_posts\":false,\"use_ranker_for_category_tabs\":false,\"ai_image_generation_enabled\":true,\"disable_personal_substack_initialization\":false,\"section_specific_welcome_pages\":false,\"local_payment_methods\":\"control\",\"feed_post_score_scale_factor\":0.1,\"posts_in_rss_feed\":20,\"post_rec_endpoint\":\"\",\"publisher_dashboard_section_selector\":false,\"reader_surveys_platform_question_order\":\"36,1,4,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35\",\"ios_toggle_on_website_enabled\":false,\"login_guard_app_link_in_email\":true,\"modal_rec_variant_content\":\"control\",\"monthly_sub_is_one_off\":false,\"unread_notes_activity_digest\":\"control\",\"display_cookie_settings\":false,\"welcome_page_query_params\":false,\"enable_mobile_publication_setup\":false,\"enable_free_podcast_urls\":false,\"show_live_streams_on_desktop\":true,\"comp_expiry_emails_disabled\":false,\"use_microlink_for_instagram_embeds\":false,\"post_notification_batch_delay_ms\":30000,\"free_signup_confirmation_behavior\":\"with_email_validation\",\"social_context_in_pymk_feed_module_v2\":\"treatment-nofacepile\",\"ios_post_stats_for_admins\":false,\"live_stream_concurrent_viewer_count_drawer\":false,\"use_livestream_post_media_composition\":true,\"section_specific_preambles\":false,\"android_live_stream_multihost_enabled\":false,\"show_menu_on_posts\":false,\"app_upsell_follow_prompt\":\"control\",\"opt_into_all_trending_topics\":false,\"ios_writer_stats_public_launch_v2\":false,\"min_size_for_phishing_check\":1,\"live_stream_vertical_feed_attachments_enabled\":false,\"enable_android_post_stats\":false,\"ios_chat_revamp_enabled\":false,\"post_notification_batch_chunk_size\":100,\"republishing_enabled\":false,\"app_mode\":false,\"show_phone_banner\":false,\"enable_author_pages\":false,\"enable_decagon_chat\":true,\"first_month_upsell\":\"control\",\"twitter_connect_flows_enabled\":false,\"enable_viewing_all_livestream_viewers\":false,\"social_media_follower_thresholds_for_vitally_tag\":\"5000|5000|5000\",\"gift_post_unlocks_recipient_2\":\"experiment\",\"live_stream_invite_ttl_seconds\":300,\"welcome_page_update_desktop_visuals_limited\":\"experiment\",\"rss_verification_code\":\"\",\"notification_post_emails\":\"experiment\",\"dedupe_global_search_exact_matches\":false,\"chat_suppress_contributor_push_option_enabled\":false,\"rate_limit_live_reaction_messages_v2\":\"15ps\",\"export_hooks_enabled\":false,\"audio_encoding_bitrate\":null,\"bestseller_pub_override\":false,\"extra_seats_coupon_type\":false,\"post_subdomain_universal_links\":false,\"post_import_max_file_size\":26214400,\"announce_live_stream_general_availability\":true,\"livekit_reconnect_slate_url\":\"https://mux-livestream-assets.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/custom-disconnect-slate-tall.png\",\"exclude_from_pymk_suggestions\":false,\"minimum_ios_version\":2200,\"disable_annual_subscriptions\":false,\"enable_bestseller_survey_modal_override\":false,\"enable_android_dms\":false,\"non_mfa_password_login_guard\":\"block_suspicious\",\"feed_ranker_use_user_comment_reaction_cache\":true,\"pub_auto_moderation_enabled\":false,\"android_feed_image_carousel\":\"treatment\",\"web_feed_more_like_this\":false,\"recipes_enabled\":false,\"disable_deletion\":false,\"livekit_egress_custom_base_url\":\"http://livekit-egress-custom-recorder.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\",\"clip_focused_video_upload_flow\":false,\"android_enable_global_navigation\":false,\"live_stream_max_guest_users\":2,\"can_reimport_unsubscribed_users_with_2x_optin\":false,\"phone_verification_banned_countries\":\"PH, BD, UA, PK, UZ, ID, MA, KG, ML, AZ, GT, SN, BZ, EG, MM, VN, ZW, NG, JO, RU, MY, KE, CN\",\"included_in_demo_feed\":false,\"live_event_mixin\":\"\",\"review_incoming_email\":\"default\",\"app_install_prompts\":\"native_banner_if_supported\",\"ios_chat_uikit\":false,\"thread_permalink_preview_min_android_version\":2037,\"tabbed_notes_search\":\"control\",\"enable_home_screen_nav_bar_hiding_ios\":false,\"subdomain_deep_links_enabled\":false,\"post_management_search_engine\":\"elasticsearch\",\"create_feed_item_for_livestream\":true,\"load_test_unichat\":false,\"enable_video_seo_data\":true,\"enable_small_queue_cards_ios\":true,\"show_open_post_as_pdf_button\":false,\"free_press_combo_subscribe_flow_enabled\":false,\"restack_with_image\":false,\"gift_from_substack_modal\":\"experiment\",\"use_publish_service_function\":false,\"gifts_from_substack_feature_available\":true,\"disable_ai_clips\":false,\"blocked_email_domains\":\"nastyx.com,heweek.com,marchub.com,wesolar.io,cetnob.com,asaud.com,sigmazon.com,ofionk.com,degcos.com,janfab.com,obisims.com,esterace.com,barakal.com,coloruz.com,rogtat.com,ploncy.com,konetas.com,pelagius.net,teeuk.com,laafd.com,vjuum.com,txcct.com,rteet.com,dpptd.com,funvahnuwa.com,btcmod.com\",\"accept_gift_home_header_enabled\":false,\"android_upgrade_alert_dialog\":true,\"show_lives_in_inauguration_tab\":false,\"translated_notifications_enabled\":false,\"show_simple_post_editor\":false,\"enable_live_stream_auto_publish_flow\":true,\"deduplicate_stripe_event_types\":\"payment.created, coupon.deleted\",\"enable_publication_podcasts_page\":false,\"ios_payment_connection_enabled\":true,\"app_install_reminder_email\":\"experiment\",\"use_landscape_livestream_for_post_draft\":false,\"post_onboarding_push_prompt\":\"experiment\",\"rank_activity_items_with_importance_web_and_mobile\":\"experiment\",\"enable_ios_note_stats\":false,\"android_payment_settings_enabled\":true,\"enable_apple_news_sync\":false,\"postsById_batch_size\":20,\"banned_image_generation_word_list\":\"nude, naked, unclothed, undressed, withoutclothes, sex, sexy, erotic, topless, bottomless, barechest, barebody, scantilyclad, suggestive, lingerie, bikini, underwear, panties, bra, thong, porn, pornographic, provocative, orgy, fetish, kinky, bdsm, domination, submission, lewd, explicit, genitals, penis, vagina, buttocks, anus, breasts, nipples, areola, privateparts, crotch, pubicarea, thighgap, intercourse, masturbation, ejaculation, penetration, moaning, groping, fondling, exposing, stripping, flashing, adultcontent, XXX, NSFW, OnlyFans, camgirl, escort, prostitute, callgirl, massage, striptease, ass, busty, strip, stripclub, tits, spanking, pawg, bimbo, crotch, succubus, seductive\",\"notes_weight_click_item\":0.1,\"show_livestreams_in_feed\":true,\"feed_posts_weight_negative\":5,\"disable_live_stream_reactions\":false,\"publisher_banner\":\"\",\"notes_weight_negative\":3,\"android_enable_global_navigation_v2\":true,\"dedicated_push_permission_screen\":\"experiment\",\"user_contacts_writes_rollout\":1,\"ios_video_pager_alpha\":false,\"thefp_show_new_upgrade_cta\":true,\"ios_video_post_creation_enabled\":false,\"ios_onboarding_compliance\":\"control\",\"notes_weight_watch_video\":0.03,\"publication_ranking_exploration_score_noise_pct\":1,\"free_press_more_prominent_share_cta_in_email\":\"control\",\"feed_posts_weight_share\":3,\"feed_posts_weight_save\":3,\"feed_posts_weight_reply\":3,\"feed_posts_weight_like\":1.5,\"feed_posts_weight_long_click\":1,\"feed_posts_weight_sign_up\":4,\"specific_category_onboarding\":\"experiment\",\"deduplicate_stripe_events\":true,\"live_stream_video_degradation_preference\":\"maintainFramerate\",\"user_contacts_reads_rollout\":1234567890,\"android_video_posts_enabled\":false,\"android_v2_video_player_enabled\":false,\"force_into_pymk_ranking\":false,\"notes_weight_click_see_more\":0.1,\"rank_media_clips\":false},\"publicationSettings\":{\"block_ai_crawlers\":false,\"credit_token_enabled\":false,\"custom_tos_and_privacy\":false,\"did_identity\":null,\"disable_optimistic_bank_payments\":false,\"display_welcome_page_details\":false,\"enable_meetings\":false,\"payment_pledges_enabled\":false,\"enable_post_page_conversion\":true,\"enable_prev_next_nav\":true,\"enable_restacking\":true,\"gifts_from_substack_disabled\":false,\"google_analytics_4_token\":\"G-0WN8633M2V\",\"group_sections_and_podcasts_in_menu_enabled\":false,\"live_stream_homepage_visibility\":\"contributorsAndAdmins\",\"medium_length_description\":\"\",\"notes_feed_enabled\":true,\"paywall_unlock_tokens\":false,\"post_preview_crop_gravity\":\"auto\",\"reader_referrals_enabled\":false,\"reader_referrals_leaderboard_enabled\":false,\"seen_coming_soon_explainer\":false,\"seen_google_analytics_migration_modal\":true,\"local_currency_modal_seen\":false,\"local_payment_methods_modal_seen\":false,\"twitter_pixel_signup_event_id\":null,\"twitter_pixel_subscribe_event_id\":null,\"use_local_currency\":false,\"welcome_page_opt_out_text\":\"No thanks\",\"cookie_settings\":\"\",\"show_restacks_below_posts\":true,\"holiday_gifting_post_header\":false,\"homepage_message_text\":\"\",\"homepage_message_link\":\"\",\"about_us_author_ids\":\"\",\"archived_section_ids\":\"\",\"column_section_ids\":\"\",\"event_section_ids\":\"\",\"podcasts_metadata\":\"\",\"video_section_ids\":\"\"},\"publicationUserSettings\":null,\"userSettings\":{\"user_id\":null,\"activity_likes_enabled\":true,\"hasDismissedSectionToNewsletterRename\":false,\"is_guest_post_enabled\":true,\"feed_web_nux_seen_at\":null,\"has_seen_select_to_restack_tooltip_nux\":false,\"invite_friends_nux_dismissed_at\":null,\"suggestions_feed_item_last_shown_at\":null,\"has_seen_select_to_restack_modal\":false,\"last_home_tab\":null,\"last_notification_alert_shown_at\":null,\"disable_reply_hiding\":false,\"newest_seen_chat_item_published_at\":null,\"explicitContentEnabled\":false,\"contactMatchingEnabled\":false,\"messageRequestLevel\":\"everyone\",\"liveStreamAcceptableInviteLevel\":\"everyone\",\"liveStreamAcceptableChatLevel\":\"everyone\",\"creditTokensTreatmentExposed\":false,\"appBadgeIncludesChat\":false,\"autoPlayVideo\":true,\"smart_delivery_enabled\":false,\"chatbotTermsLastAcceptedAt\":null,\"has_seen_notes_post_app_upsell\":false,\"substack_summer_nux_dismissed_at\":null,\"first_note_id\":null,\"show_concurrent_live_stream_viewers\":false,\"has_dismissed_fp_download_pdf_nux\":false},\"subscriberCountDetails\":\"millions of subscribers\",\"mux_env_key\":\"u42pci814i6011qg3segrcpp9\",\"sentry_environment\":\"production\",\"launchWelcomePage\":false,\"noIndex\":false,\"post\":{\"audience\":\"everyone\",\"audience_before_archived\":null,\"canonical_url\":\"https://on.substack.com/p/grow-1\",\"default_comment_sort\":null,\"editor_v2\":false,\"exempt_from_archive_paywall\":false,\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"id\":39924671,\"podcast_art_url\":null,\"podcast_duration\":null,\"podcast_preview_upload_id\":null,\"podcast_upload_id\":null,\"podcast_url\":\"\",\"post_date\":\"2021-08-12T15:05:06.986Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2023-02-09T06:43:11.703Z\",\"publication_id\":1,\"search_engine_description\":null,\"search_engine_title\":null,\"section_id\":2474,\"should_send_free_preview\":false,\"show_guest_bios\":false,\"slug\":\"grow-1\",\"social_title\":\"Substack Grow: Start by setting goals\",\"subtitle\":\"\",\"teaser_post_eligible\":true,\"title\":\"Substack Grow: Start by setting goals\",\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"video_upload_id\":null,\"write_comment_permissions\":\"everyone\",\"is_metered\":false,\"restacks\":12,\"reactions\":{\"\u2764\":312},\"top_exclusions\":[],\"pins\":[],\"section_pins\":[],\"previous_post_slug\":\"shoutout-3\",\"next_post_slug\":\"grow-2\",\"cover_image\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e15c1fde-5460-4f64-9628-afaf15145c27_3592x2414.jpeg\",\"cover_image_is_square\":false,\"cover_image_is_explicit\":false,\"videoUpload\":null,\"podcastFields\":null,\"podcastUpload\":null,\"podcastPreviewUpload\":null,\"voiceover_upload_id\":null,\"voiceoverUpload\":null,\"has_voiceover\":false,\"description\":\"The first in a series of six posts that will share the essential knowledge writers need to go independent on Substack.\",\"body_html\":\"<div class=\\\"captioned-image-container\\\"><figure><a class=\\\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" href=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg\\\" data-component-name=\\\"Image2ToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"image2-inset\\\"><picture><source type=\\\"image/webp\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\"><img src=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg\\\" width=\\\"1456\\\" height=\\\"979\\\" data-attrs=\\\"{"src":"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":979,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":291808,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null,"belowTheFold":false,"topImage":true,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false}\\\" class=\\\"sizing-normal\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf9d95b7-7249-4622-8b3e-bed5ca2f67e9_3592x2414.jpeg 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\" fetchpriority=\\\"high\\\"></picture><div class=\\\"image-link-expand\\\"><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset\\\"><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-reset icon-container restack-image\\\"><svg xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" width=\\\"20\\\" height=\\\"20\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 24 24\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"2\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" class=\\\"lucide lucide-refresh-cw\\\"><path d=\\\"M3 12a9 9 0 0 1 9-9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1 6.74 2.74L21 8\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M21 3v5h-5\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M21 12a9 9 0 0 1-9 9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1-6.74-2.74L3 16\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M8 16H3v5\\\"></path></svg></div><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-reset icon-container view-image\\\"><svg xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" width=\\\"20\\\" height=\\\"20\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 24 24\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"2\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" class=\\\"lucide lucide-maximize2\\\"><polyline points=\\\"15 3 21 3 21 9\\\"></polyline><polyline points=\\\"9 21 3 21 3 15\\\"></polyline><line x1=\\\"21\\\" x2=\\\"14\\\" y1=\\\"3\\\" y2=\\\"10\\\"></line><line x1=\\\"3\\\" x2=\\\"10\\\" y1=\\\"21\\\" y2=\\\"14\\\"></line></svg></div></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>This is the first in a series of six posts designed to share the essential knowledge writers need to go independent on Substack. </em></p><p>Growing your publication begins with planting the right seeds. If you\u2019re ready to commit to building a publication on Substack, it\u2019s important to take the time to get clear on why you\u2019re writing and what you hope to accomplish. Writers can\u2019t achieve goals if they don\u2019t take the time to set them. </p><p>This post will guide you through the process of setting personal goals, rooting yourself in a confident mindset, and developing financial expectations for a publication on Substack. </p><h2>Setting your personal goals</h2><p><strong>First, ask yourself: </strong><em><strong>Why do you want to write on Substack?</strong></em></p><p>There are a wide range of legitimate reasons to start a newsletter. Here are a few ideas to get you started \u2013 reflect on what best matches your current goals, and get more specific if you can. </p><p>I want to write on Substack in order to\u2026 </p><ul><li><p>Support myself with extra income</p></li><li><p>Write about something I can\u2019t elsewhere</p></li><li><p>Meet people in my field</p></li><li><p>Learn something new about a subject</p></li><li><p>Flesh out my writing portfolio</p></li><li><p>Build an audience or community of readers</p></li></ul><p>Write down your initial goals, but keep yourself open to letting them change over time.</p><blockquote><p><em>\u201CI've always been a freelancer, and I've spent probably years of my life pitching into email black holes where no one gets back to me and I think I have this great idea. And so taking the pitching out of writing for me is just such a gift.\u201D </em></p><p><em>- <a href=\\\"https://on.substack.com/p/going-paid-the-examined-family\\\">Courtney Martin, The Examined Family</a></em></p></blockquote><p>If you feel <a href=\\\"https://www.lance.media/p/goal-fatigue-work-burnout-psychology\\\">goal fatigue</a>, keep this in mind:</p><blockquote><p><em>If thinking about goals is what\u2019s stressing me out, the solution is not to abandon them outright, but to shift my mindset. I\u2019ve been so focused on forcing myself to focus, I\u2019ve neglected to address some basic wellbeing practices. As Chaturvedi put it, \u201CIf you try to move the goalposts multiple times, you'll only end up feeling tired of running.\u201D</em></p><p><em>- <a href=\\\"https://www.lance.media/p/goal-fatigue-work-burnout-psychology\\\">Anna Codrea-Rado, LANCE</a></em></p></blockquote><p>Anna\u2019s insight is a reminder to make goals work for you. Root them in your deepest motivations, such as developing as a writer, not a carrot to endlessly chase.</p><h2>Establishing your mindset</h2><p>Let\u2019s be honest: going independent is a scary prospect! It\u2019s totally normal to be nervous or uncertain about whether anyone will read or pay for your work. As writers, we don\u2019t always know what we\u2019re worth, or we\u2019ve been paid in ways that don\u2019t adequately capture what we\u2019re worth.</p><p>One fear we hear from writers is that they don\u2019t have anything special to offer readers. But you\u2019re not selling lemonade, or any other sort of transactional product that you have no personal relationship to. You\u2019re selling your perspective on the world, which is reflected in the writing you publish. </p><p>Asking for money reminds readers about the creativity, labor, and expertise that goes into your writing \u2013 something that can be easy to forget in the age of free, ad-based content on social media. At the same time, paid subscriptions help you as a writer think more seriously about your publication, creating a virtuous cycle.</p><blockquote><p><em>I believe in people getting paid for their labor, and as joyful as the labor is for me, it is labor. It actually grew my audience to ask for money, because it made people realize, \\\"Oh yeah, this is labor that she puts into this.\u201D<br><br>- <a href=\\\"https://on.substack.com/p/going-paid-the-examined-family\\\">Courtney Martin, The Examined Family</a></em></p></blockquote><p>Here are a few simple exercises you can do to build confidence in yourself and your voice as a writer:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Write down what\u2019s holding you back</strong>. Write a short (<1 page) reflection on what you\u2019re nervous about. Then identify one thing you can do to counteract those fears, or ask a fellow writer how they approach similar anxieties.</p></li><li><p><strong>Hype yourself up</strong>. Write a short (2-3 paragraph) review of your own work, as if you were your own biggest fan. Read previous compliments from readers and editors for inspiration. What makes your writing great? Why should someone read it?</p></li></ul><p>Finally, launching a Substack publication isn\u2019t a one-and-done moment. Even if your launch doesn\u2019t go the way you hope, a newsletter is a great testing ground to experiment with different kinds of writing, hear from readers about what resonates, and build an audience continuously over time. </p><h2>When to consider going paid</h2><p>One of the most common questions we get from writers is whether they\u2019re ready to go paid. There\u2019s no foolproof formula for when to go paid, although we\u2019ll share some benchmarks to help you get oriented. </p><div id=\\\"youtube2-xsQtpZP9Ujs\\\" class=\\\"youtube-wrap\\\" data-attrs=\\\"{"videoId":"xsQtpZP9Ujs","startTime":null,"endTime":null}\\\" data-component-name=\\\"Youtube2ToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"youtube-inner\\\"><iframe src=\\\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/xsQtpZP9Ujs?rel=0&autoplay=0&showinfo=0&enablejsapi=0\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" gesture=\\\"media\\\" allow=\\\"autoplay; fullscreen\\\" allowautoplay=\\\"true\\\" allowfullscreen=\\\"true\\\" width=\\\"728\\\" height=\\\"409\\\"></iframe></div></div><p><strong>First, understand that going paid is a commitment to yourself and your readers. </strong></p><p>We\u2019ve found that writing regularly and consistently is the biggest predictor of success for new Substack writers. Before going paid, take an honest look at your capacity to make sure that you have the time, interest, and commitment to do so. We usually recommend writing at least once a week for both your free and paid subscribers, and you\u2019ll also want to invest time into promotion, brand, and other aspects of running an independent writing business.</p><p><strong>Going paid also requires understanding your relationship to your readers. </strong></p><p>The value of your writer-reader relationship can be measured along two major axes: </p><ul><li><p>Your reach: the size of your readership</p></li><li><p>Your engagement: how much your readers pay attention</p></li></ul><p>In order to benchmark those, however, you\u2019ll first need to identify your financial goals for going paid. If you\u2019re going full-time, your financial needs might be different from a writer who wants a part-time side project.</p><p>In the best of circumstances, writers typically see conversion rates of 5-10% from free to paid readers, although it can be much higher. You can use your email open rates as a rough proxy for your publication\u2019s conversion rate.</p><div class=\\\"captioned-image-container\\\"><figure><a class=\\\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" href=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg\\\" data-component-name=\\\"Image2ToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"image2-inset\\\"><picture><source type=\\\"image/webp\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\"><img src=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg\\\" width=\\\"960\\\" height=\\\"540\\\" data-attrs=\\\"{"src":"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":540,"width":960,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":28641,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false}\\\" class=\\\"sizing-normal\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9e66168-4c61-43c1-a859-e86d5270fef7_960x540.jpeg 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"></picture><div class=\\\"image-link-expand\\\"><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset\\\"><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-reset icon-container restack-image\\\"><svg xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" width=\\\"20\\\" height=\\\"20\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 24 24\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"2\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" class=\\\"lucide lucide-refresh-cw\\\"><path d=\\\"M3 12a9 9 0 0 1 9-9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1 6.74 2.74L21 8\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M21 3v5h-5\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M21 12a9 9 0 0 1-9 9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1-6.74-2.74L3 16\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M8 16H3v5\\\"></path></svg></div><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-reset icon-container view-image\\\"><svg xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" width=\\\"20\\\" height=\\\"20\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 24 24\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"2\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" class=\\\"lucide lucide-maximize2\\\"><polyline points=\\\"15 3 21 3 21 9\\\"></polyline><polyline points=\\\"9 21 3 21 3 15\\\"></polyline><line x1=\\\"21\\\" x2=\\\"14\\\" y1=\\\"3\\\" y2=\\\"10\\\"></line><line x1=\\\"3\\\" x2=\\\"10\\\" y1=\\\"21\\\" y2=\\\"14\\\"></line></svg></div></div></div></div></a><figcaption class=\\\"image-caption\\\">These conversion rate ranges are from new analysis by Substack\u2019s data team.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Next, you\u2019ll want to identify a price. At this early stage, we recommend just doing napkin math. Most newsletters charge $5-10/month or $50-100/year, while business newsletters that readers expense to their employers might charge closer to $10-50/month or $100-500/year. </p><p><strong>Multiply your free email list size by your approximate conversion rate, then multiply that by your price.</strong> Compare the number you get with your initial financial goals. </p><p>If your estimated earning potential is below your goals, don\u2019t worry. You have levers to improve your reach and engagement. And, you can always change your price.</p><ul><li><p>To increase your reach, invest in promotion and building a support network. (<em>See below!</em>)</p></li><li><p>To increase your engagement, double down on high quality, consistent writing.</p></li><li><p>To increase your price, explore different pricing tier options.</p></li></ul><div class=\\\"captioned-image-container\\\"><figure><a class=\\\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" href=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png\\\" data-component-name=\\\"Image2ToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"image2-inset\\\"><picture><source type=\\\"image/webp\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\"><img src=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png\\\" width=\\\"1456\\\" height=\\\"803\\\" data-attrs=\\\"{"src":"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":803,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":null,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":null,"href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false}\\\" class=\\\"sizing-normal\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10c936f7-3f55-47fb-a0fa-492f50eeee19_1600x882.png 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"></picture><div class=\\\"image-link-expand\\\"><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset\\\"><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-reset icon-container restack-image\\\"><svg xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" width=\\\"20\\\" height=\\\"20\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 24 24\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"2\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" class=\\\"lucide lucide-refresh-cw\\\"><path d=\\\"M3 12a9 9 0 0 1 9-9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1 6.74 2.74L21 8\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M21 3v5h-5\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M21 12a9 9 0 0 1-9 9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1-6.74-2.74L3 16\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M8 16H3v5\\\"></path></svg></div><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-reset icon-container view-image\\\"><svg xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" width=\\\"20\\\" height=\\\"20\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 24 24\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"2\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" class=\\\"lucide lucide-maximize2\\\"><polyline points=\\\"15 3 21 3 21 9\\\"></polyline><polyline points=\\\"9 21 3 21 3 15\\\"></polyline><line x1=\\\"21\\\" x2=\\\"14\\\" y1=\\\"3\\\" y2=\\\"10\\\"></line><line x1=\\\"3\\\" x2=\\\"10\\\" y1=\\\"21\\\" y2=\\\"14\\\"></line></svg></div></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The rest of the posts in this series, which will come to your inbox weekly for the next month and a half, will be all about how you can best use these levers. </p><h2>Build your support network</h2><div id=\\\"youtube2-iEGt-r0SDc4\\\" class=\\\"youtube-wrap\\\" data-attrs=\\\"{"videoId":"iEGt-r0SDc4","startTime":null,"endTime":null}\\\" data-component-name=\\\"Youtube2ToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"youtube-inner\\\"><iframe src=\\\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/iEGt-r0SDc4?rel=0&autoplay=0&showinfo=0&enablejsapi=0\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" gesture=\\\"media\\\" allow=\\\"autoplay; fullscreen\\\" allowautoplay=\\\"true\\\" allowfullscreen=\\\"true\\\" width=\\\"728\\\" height=\\\"409\\\"></iframe></div></div><p>Starting a publication is a big lift, and you don\u2019t have to do it alone. From the beginning, we recommend developing a support network of readers, writers, and friends. </p><p><strong>Think of three friends, peers, supporters, or mentors who have encouraged your writing in the past. </strong>Reach out to them today, and tell them that you\u2019re launching a Substack publication. Share your hopes and fears, ask for advice, or simply talk through the questions you\u2019ve begun thinking through.</p><p><strong>Next, practice asking for things by reaching out to someone new</strong>. Find someone whose work you admire. Write a short \u2013 no more than 3-5 sentences \u2013 cold email asking them one thoughtful question. <a href=\\\"https://kristina.substack.com/p/effective-cold-emails\\\">Check out these tips</a> for writing a cold email.</p><p>What makes a good cold email:</p><ul><li><p>Do research on the person you\u2019re reaching out to</p></li><li><p>Introduce yourself, including any shared interests or relevant background</p></li><li><p>Make a specific ask by including a question in the email itself</p></li><li><p>Keep it brief: a few short paragraphs is good enough</p></li><li><p>Be gracious: acknowledge that they may not have time to respond</p></li></ul><div class=\\\"captioned-image-container\\\"><figure><a class=\\\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" href=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg\\\" data-component-name=\\\"Image2ToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"image2-inset\\\"><picture><source type=\\\"image/webp\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\"><img src=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg\\\" width=\\\"960\\\" height=\\\"540\\\" data-attrs=\\\"{"src":"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":540,"width":960,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":42346,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false}\\\" class=\\\"sizing-normal\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3b6c728-a0ce-4f2e-9d20-e6869a690238_960x540.jpeg 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"></picture><div class=\\\"image-link-expand\\\"><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset\\\"><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-reset icon-container restack-image\\\"><svg xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" width=\\\"20\\\" height=\\\"20\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 24 24\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"2\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" class=\\\"lucide lucide-refresh-cw\\\"><path d=\\\"M3 12a9 9 0 0 1 9-9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1 6.74 2.74L21 8\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M21 3v5h-5\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M21 12a9 9 0 0 1-9 9 9.75 9.75 0 0 1-6.74-2.74L3 16\\\"></path><path d=\\\"M8 16H3v5\\\"></path></svg></div><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-reset icon-container view-image\\\"><svg xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" width=\\\"20\\\" height=\\\"20\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 24 24\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"2\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" class=\\\"lucide lucide-maximize2\\\"><polyline points=\\\"15 3 21 3 21 9\\\"></polyline><polyline points=\\\"9 21 3 21 3 15\\\"></polyline><line x1=\\\"21\\\" x2=\\\"14\\\" y1=\\\"3\\\" y2=\\\"10\\\"></line><line x1=\\\"3\\\" x2=\\\"10\\\" y1=\\\"21\\\" y2=\\\"14\\\"></line></svg></div></div></div></div></a><figcaption class=\\\"image-caption\\\"><em>For inspiration: here is the message that kickstarted Samin Nosrat and <a href=\\\"https://club.drawtogether.studio/\\\">Wendy MacNaughton</a>\u2019s creative partnership. They share the full story on <a href=\\\"https://partners.show/episodes/samin-and-wendy\\\">Partners</a>.</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Finally, we hope that the Substack writer community is another resource you can lean on for learning and support. Join us on Thursdays for our <a href=\\\"https://on.substack.com/s/resources\\\">Office Hours</a>, where the Substack team, and your fellow writers, gather to answer questions live about publishing, growing, or going paid on Substack.</p><div><hr></div><p><em>This post is the first in a series of six posts that will share the essential knowledge writers need to go independent on Substack. </em></p><p><em>The material is based off the curriculum for Substack Grow, a six-session crash course for writers ready to pursue independence by building a loyal readership and kickstarting paid subscriptions. Setting goals for your Substack was session one. <a href=\\\"https://substack.com/grow\\\">Learn more here.</a></em></p>\",\"truncated_body_text\":\"This is the first in a series of six posts designed to share the essential knowledge writers need to go independent on Substack.\",\"wordcount\":1416,\"postTags\":[],\"postCountryBlocks\":[],\"coverImagePalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[222,120,69],\"population\":44},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[112.6191780821918,50.86027397260274,19.980821917808218],\"population\":0},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[252,228,212],\"population\":5549},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[167,140,128],\"population\":233},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[57,47,41],\"population\":140},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[204,177,166],\"population\":123}},\"publishedBylines\":[],\"reaction\":null,\"reaction_count\":312,\"comment_count\":65,\"child_comment_count\":47,\"is_geoblocked\":false,\"hasCashtag\":false,\"section\":{\"id\":2474,\"created_at\":\"2021-06-30T18:52:32.494Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2021-06-30T18:52:32.494Z\",\"publication_id\":1,\"name\":\"Resources\",\"description\":\"Tips, ideas, and resources for writers.\",\"slug\":\"resources\",\"is_podcast\":true,\"is_live\":true,\"is_default_on\":true,\"sibling_rank\":1,\"port_status\":\"success\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3fb6fe8c-9597-48a2-8155-795292033f33_2800x2800.png\",\"hide_from_navbar\":false,\"email_from_name\":null,\"hide_posts_from_pub_listings\":false,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":false,\"hide_intro_subtitle\":false,\"ignore_publication_email_settings\":false,\"podcastSettings\":{\"section_id\":2474,\"itunes_podcast_primary_category\":\"Education\",\"itunes_podcast_primary_subcategory\":\"How To\",\"itunes_podcast_secondary_category\":\"Business\",\"itunes_podcast_secondary_subcategory\":\"Entrepreneurship\",\"itunes_email\":null,\"language\":\"\",\"itunes_explicit\":false,\"podcast_art_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3fb6fe8c-9597-48a2-8155-795292033f33_2800x2800.png\",\"podcast_subtitle\":null,\"podcast_keywords\":null,\"hide_podcast_feed_link\":false,\"podcast_feed_url\":null,\"podcast_title\":\"Resources\",\"podcast_description\":\"Tips, ideas, and resources for writers.\",\"podcast_byline\":null,\"paid_podcast_episode_art_url\":null,\"migrated_to_attached_podcast\":true},\"spotifyPodcastSettings\":null,\"pageTheme\":null,\"showLinks\":[],\"podcastPalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[252,172,36],\"population\":954},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[19,114,92],\"population\":40},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[252,212,135],\"population\":17},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[153,147,84],\"population\":31},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[60,84,84],\"population\":3},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[176,171,208],\"population\":20}},\"spotify_podcast_settings\":null}},\"comments\":null,\"canonicalUrl\":\"https://on.substack.com/p/grow-1\",\"inlineComments\":true,\"readerIsSearchCrawler\":false,\"ogUrl\":\"https://on.substack.com/p/grow-1\",\"bannedFromNotes\":false,\"themeVariables\":{\"color_theme_bg_pop\":\"#FF7731\",\"background_pop\":\"#FF7731\",\"color_theme_bg_web\":\"#ffffff\",\"cover_bg_color\":\"#ffffff\",\"background_pop_darken\":\"#ff6618\",\"print_on_pop\":\"#ffffff\",\"color_theme_bg_pop_darken\":\"#ff6618\",\"color_theme_print_on_pop\":\"#ffffff\",\"border_subtle\":\"rgba(204, 204, 204, 0.5)\",\"background_subtle\":\"rgba(255, 235, 224, 0.4)\",\"print_pop\":\"#ff7731\",\"color_theme_accent\":\"#ff7731\",\"cover_print_primary\":\"#363737\",\"cover_print_secondary\":\"#757575\",\"cover_print_tertiary\":\"#b6b6b6\",\"cover_border_color\":\"#ff7731\",\"font_family_headings_preset\":\"Lora,sans-serif\",\"font_weight_headings_preset\":600,\"font_family_body_preset\":\"Lora,sans-serif\",\"font_weight_body_preset\":400,\"font_size_body_offset\":\"1px\",\"font_preset_heading\":\"fancy_serif\",\"font_preset_body\":\"fancy_serif\",\"home_hero\":\"newspaper\",\"home_posts\":\"custom\",\"home_show_top_posts\":true,\"web_bg_color\":\"#ffffff\",\"background_contrast_1\":\"#f0f0f0\",\"color_theme_bg_contrast_1\":\"#f0f0f0\",\"background_contrast_2\":\"#dddddd\",\"color_theme_bg_contrast_2\":\"#dddddd\",\"background_contrast_3\":\"#b7b7b7\",\"color_theme_bg_contrast_3\":\"#b7b7b7\",\"background_contrast_4\":\"#929292\",\"color_theme_bg_contrast_4\":\"#929292\",\"background_contrast_5\":\"#515151\",\"color_theme_bg_contrast_5\":\"#515151\",\"color_theme_detail\":\"#e6e6e6\",\"background_contrast_pop\":\"rgba(255, 119, 49, 0.4)\",\"color_theme_bg_contrast_pop\":\"rgba(255, 119, 49, 0.4)\",\"input_background\":\"#ffffff\",\"cover_input_background\":\"#ffffff\",\"tooltip_background\":\"#191919\",\"web_bg_color_h\":\"0\",\"web_bg_color_s\":\"0%\",\"web_bg_color_l\":\"100%\",\"print_on_web_bg_color\":\"#363737\",\"print_secondary_on_web_bg_color\":\"#868787\",\"selected_comment_background_color\":\"#fdf9f3\",\"background_pop_rgb\":\"255, 119, 49\",\"background_pop_rgb_pc\":\"255 119 49\",\"color_theme_bg_pop_rgb\":\"255, 119, 49\",\"color_theme_bg_pop_rgb_pc\":\"255 119 49\",\"color_theme_accent_rgb\":\"255, 119, 49\",\"color_theme_accent_rgb_pc\":\"255 119 49\"},\"recentEpisodes\":null,\"trackFrontendVisit\":true,\"isChatActive\":false,\"isMeetingsActive\":false,\"hasViralGiftsCount\":0,\"features\":{},\"showCookieBanner\":false,\"disabledCookies\":[],\"dd_env\":\"prod\",\"dd_ti\":true}")</script> <script>window._analyticsConfig = JSON.parse("{\"properties\":{\"subdomain\":\"on\",\"publication_id\":1,\"has_plans\":false,\"pub_community_enabled\":true,\"is_personal_publication\":false,\"section_name\":\"Resources\",\"section_slug\":\"resources\",\"section_id\":2474,\"section_is_podcast\":true,\"is_subscribed\":false,\"is_free_subscribed\":false,\"is_author\":false,\"is_contributor\":false,\"is_admin\":false,\"is_founding\":false},\"adwordsAccountId\":\"AW-316245675\",\"adwordsEventSendTo\":\"Tf76CKqcyL4DEKuN5pYB\"}")</script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/953.0a104390.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/5456.4e8e9d1d.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/6165.43d2817f.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/2674.6f69b712.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/8161.856a889d.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/6754.1d877538.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8246.e895d8c2.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/2178.ff9a2d2b.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9685.124bf73a.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/6918.96956c29.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7865.7992e40c.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/4154.f58150e3.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/1052.9edafa02.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/723.10a82705.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/3875.f35e4912.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/125.7fccb215.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/2794.f8c73a99.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/2075.4258707c.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/6766.7974b84c.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/6426.7dd0ac78.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8842.5a15b338.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/6306.17d26277.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/4540.dde9b779.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9569.d6bfe272.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/5622.f01a6012.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7811.f1a681a9.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/4494.92f67404.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/7499.f97ca1cd.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/3840.238e55f2.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8052.fb07dab3.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8336.ee1da7c4.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9259.7aa99f60.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/1649.fa4ac7b3.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7602.a7fa2488.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/2021.9b2401d4.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/409.4f523918.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/447.392d6707.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/3660.13d2243c.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9130.39068386.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/1814.fd9e66db.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/5863.4c648f6c.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9362.8a0e5091.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/2843.b7515df6.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/813.9f6e45cb.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/6364.b673eb2f.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8504.9c90901e.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/6445.a17d9431.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8498.bfb632c7.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7944.042a933d.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/1392.fe3745b1.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9320.bcf5184f.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9275.677bb237.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7189.8de2e615.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9639.13c3a6f1.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/4885.9a3c3353.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7606.fcab19f3.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/2700.416f3128.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/3175.fe9dd11f.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/6666.a42f34a1.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/8427.49442872.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/2116.7863c972.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/8561.f4548afb.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/7152.7a8eb764.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/966.4bec0568.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/1776.b861e8e6.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7049.ed8d7b43.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/1595.a70b376f.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/6454.854558b2.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/3506.e7ee8d98.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7163.e6c7951f.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/1283.a3bf8158.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/3010.b1ffcdb8.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/1466.f5d8ebd3.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9169.3e9fee75.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/2035.e754560d.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/565.a6f8ba77.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/2932.03bde266.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/3879.14ad1f7f.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8381.b9a07204.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/835.69a4f2bd.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7687.da1f5b75.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/2422.a6a76f73.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/1152.74530c36.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/4283.3f9560a6.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/1426.6480802b.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/4334.ecc69dbb.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7677.eef7428f.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/4274.7f7c6ac1.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9539.235c3590.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9760.f936d222.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/4349.8da0fc43.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/8700.e93dc178.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9017.e30dd533.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/57.7fde7114.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/2926.0a507d8c.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/9327.f1c7a2b1.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/4769.8ab441f7.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/6537.77223370.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/9314.51ae3efe.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/7558.d2459972.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/1415.0dc08f94.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/9216.7a463a62.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/3779.744a9f3a.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/2457.d0410d2f.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/7211.c0ffa3f7.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/1400.7574c6b3.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/7381.29afffa8.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/3894.5463f66f.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/3134.26266df6.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/7710.0af693dc.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/4713.e18aa086.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/2667.8e588a49.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/6043.b3e0a023.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/6175.5a189558.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/6688.6a504bb6.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/6993.eef021a3.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/1084.9cf7820b.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/4754.2e9a116a.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/5590.9bf0587b.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/4976.979cfcc1.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/8617.f4b95caf.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/2779.401686ed.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/async/4834.4ba9f389.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/5128.17361bda.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/554.06be6880.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/2129.733bc4a0.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/1328.30bed2a1.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/3432.37db8f51.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/1692.2d75823a.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/4737.92f94fbe.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/6280.7b455097.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9822.3b2826b4.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/735.9ffef185.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/1094.cb961160.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/282.af00ab7f.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/6049.71c4e4d6.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/3503.8b4c90f3.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script defer src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/main.995b1e5b.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script nomodule> (function() { var message = 'Your browser does not support modern JavaScript modules. Please upgrade your browser for the best experience.'; var warningDiv = document.createElement('div'); warningDiv.style.color = 'red'; warningDiv.style.padding = '10px'; warningDiv.style.margin = '10px 0'; warningDiv.style.border = '1px solid red'; warningDiv.style.backgroundColor = 'lightyellow'; warningDiv.innerText = message; document.body.prepend(warningDiv); })(); </script> <!-- Datadog Analytics --> <script> (function(h,o,u,n,d) { h=h[d]=h[d]||{q:[],onReady:function(c){h.q.push(c)}} d=o.createElement(u);d.async=1;d.src=n n=o.getElementsByTagName(u)[0];n.parentNode.insertBefore(d,n) })(window,document,'script','https://www.datadoghq-browser-agent.com/us1/v5/datadog-rum.js','DD_RUM') window.DD_RUM.onReady(function() { window.DD_RUM.init({ clientToken: 'puba71073f072643721169b68f352438710', applicationId: '2e321b35-c76b-4073-8d04-cc9a10461793', site: 'datadoghq.com', service: 'substack-web', env: window._preloads.dd_env, version: 'ed6642b0d8f205030949eec3a58789c2bb91fff8', sessionSampleRate: 1, sessionReplaySampleRate: 100, trackUserInteractions: window._preloads.dd_ti, trackResources: true, trackLongTasks: true, defaultPrivacyLevel: 'mask-user-input', allowedTracingUrls: [/https?:\/\/(.+\/.)?substack(cdn)?\.com/] }); }) </script> <!-- End Datadog Analytics --> <!-- Cloudflare Web Analytics --> <script defer src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js" data-cf-beacon='{"token": "216309cffb464db4b0e02daf0b8e8060"}'></script> <!-- End Cloudflare Web Analytics --> <!-- Fallback tracking pixels --> <noscript> <style> #nojs-banner { position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; padding: 16px 16px 16px 32px; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background: red; color: white; font-family: -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13px; } #nojs-banner a { color: inherit; text-decoration: underline; } </style> <div id="nojs-banner"> This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. Please <a href="https://enable-javascript.com/" target="_blank">turn on JavaScript</a> or unblock scripts </div> </noscript> <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'91354b1a28a69c4a',t:'MTczOTc5MDIzMy4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>