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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-ZK1E8XKBLT"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-ZK1E8XKBLT'); </script>  <title>WebElements Periodic Table » Ytterbium » biological information</title> <meta name="Description" content="This WebElements periodic table page contains biological information for the element ytterbium"> <meta name="keywords" content="ytterbium, biology, biological, hazards, abundances, chemistry, periodic table, periodic chart, periodic system, chemical elements, chemical, webelements, web-elements, Sheffield, science, element, elements, metal, gas, atoms"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure/pure-min.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure/grids-responsive-min.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure-layout-side-menu/css/layouts/side-menu.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/css/webelements.css?parameter=1"> <meta name="author" content="Prof Mark Winter, University of Sheffield"> <meta name="copyright" content="Copyright 2024 Prof Mark Winter"> <link rel="index" href="./"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png"> <script type="text/javascript">  </script></head> <body> <div id="layout">  <a href="#menu" id="menuLink" class="menu-link">  <span></span> </a>  <div id="menu"> <div class="pure-menu"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item logo"><a href="../" class="pure-menu-link"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo" /></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item v"> <div id="NavigationPanel"> <table style="nav_panel"> <tr> <th class="navpanel-v"> </th> <th class="navpanel-v"> </th> <th class="navpanel-v"> </th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="thulium" href="../thulium/biology.html">Tm</a></th> <th class="navpanel-f">Yb</th> <th class="navpanel-d"><a title="lutetium" href="../lutetium/biology.html">Lu</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="mendelevium" href="../mendelevium/biology.html">Md</a></th> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="nobelium" href="../nobelium/biology.html">No</a></th> <th class="navpanel-d"><a title="lawrencium" href="../lawrencium/biology.html">Lr</a></th> </tr> </table> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item v"> <div class="element_select_centre"><a class="imagelink" title="Switch to a different element from here" href="../index.html"><img class="" src="../_media/locs/Yb-loc.png" alt="Ytterbium location" /></a> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../actinium/biology.html">Actinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../aluminium/biology.html">Aluminium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../aluminium/biology.html">Aluminum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../americium/biology.html">Americium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../antimony/biology.html">Antimony</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../argon/biology.html">Argon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../arsenic/biology.html">Arsenic</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../astatine/biology.html">Astatine ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../barium/biology.html">Barium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../berkelium/biology.html">Berkelium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../beryllium/biology.html">Beryllium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../bismuth/biology.html">Bismuth</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../bohrium/biology.html">Bohrium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../boron/biology.html">Boron</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../bromine/biology.html">Bromine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../cadmium/biology.html">Cadmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../caesium/biology.html">Caesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../calcium/biology.html">Calcium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../californium/biology.html">Californium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../carbon/biology.html">Carbon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../cerium/biology.html">Cerium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../caesium/biology.html">Cesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../chlorine/biology.html">Chlorine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../chromium/biology.html">Chromium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../cobalt/biology.html">Cobalt</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../copernicium/biology.html">Copernicium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../copper/biology.html">Copper</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../curium/biology.html">Curium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../darmstadtium/biology.html">Darmstadtium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../dubnium/biology.html">Dubnium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../dysprosium/biology.html">Dysprosium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../einsteinium/biology.html">Einsteinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../erbium/biology.html">Erbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../europium/biology.html">Europium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../fermium/biology.html">Fermium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../flerovium/biology.html">Flerovium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../fluorine/biology.html">Fluorine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../francium/biology.html">Francium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../gadolinium/biology.html">Gadolinium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../gallium/biology.html">Gallium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../germanium/biology.html">Germanium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../gold/biology.html">Gold</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../hafnium/biology.html">Hafnium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../hassium/biology.html">Hassium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../helium/biology.html">Helium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../holmium/biology.html">Holmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../hydrogen/biology.html">Hydrogen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../indium/biology.html">Indium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../iodine/biology.html">Iodine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../iridium/biology.html">Iridium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../iron/biology.html">Iron</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../krypton/biology.html">Krypton</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../lanthanum/biology.html">Lanthanum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../lawrencium/biology.html">Lawrencium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../lead/biology.html">Lead</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../lithium/biology.html">Lithium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../livermorium/biology.html">Livermorium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../lutetium/biology.html">Lutetium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../magnesium/biology.html">Magnesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../manganese/biology.html">Manganese</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../meitnerium/biology.html">Meitnerium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../mendelevium/biology.html">Mendelevium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../mercury/biology.html">Mercury</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../molybdenum/biology.html">Molybdenum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../moscovium/biology.html">Moscovium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../neodymium/biology.html">Neodymium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../neon/biology.html">Neon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../neptunium/biology.html">Neptunium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../nickel/biology.html">Nickel</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../nihonium/biology.html">Nihonium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../niobium/biology.html">Niobium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../nitrogen/biology.html">Nitrogen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../nobelium/biology.html">Nobelium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../oganesson/biology.html">Oganesson ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../osmium/biology.html">Osmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../oxygen/biology.html">Oxygen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../palladium/biology.html">Palladium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../phosphorus/biology.html">Phosphorus</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../platinum/biology.html">Platinum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../plutonium/biology.html">Plutonium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../polonium/biology.html">Polonium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../potassium/biology.html">Potassium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../praseodymium/biology.html">Praseodymium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../promethium/biology.html">Promethium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../protactinium/biology.html">Protactinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../radium/biology.html">Radium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../radon/biology.html">Radon ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rhenium/biology.html">Rhenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rhodium/biology.html">Rhodium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../roentgenium/biology.html">Roentgenium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../rubidium/biology.html">Rubidium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../ruthenium/biology.html">Ruthenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rutherfordium/biology.html">Rutherfordium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../samarium/biology.html">Samarium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../scandium/biology.html">Scandium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../seaborgium/biology.html">Seaborgium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../selenium/biology.html">Selenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../silicon/biology.html">Silicon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../silver/biology.html">Silver</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../sodium/biology.html">Sodium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../strontium/biology.html">Strontium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../sulfur/biology.html">Sulfur</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../sulfur/biology.html">Sulphur</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../tantalum/biology.html">Tantalum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../technetium/biology.html">Technetium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tellurium/biology.html">Tellurium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tennessine/biology.html">Tennessine ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../terbium/biology.html">Terbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../thallium/biology.html">Thallium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thorium/biology.html">Thorium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thulium/biology.html">Thulium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tin/biology.html">Tin</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../titanium/biology.html">Titanium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../tungsten/biology.html">Tungsten</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../uranium/biology.html">Uranium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../vanadium/biology.html">Vanadium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../xenon/biology.html">Xenon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../ytterbium/biology.html">Ytterbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../yttrium/biology.html">Yttrium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zinc/biology.html">Zinc</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zirconium/biology.html">Zirconium</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-open pure-menu-horizontal centre" role="navigation" style="background: #000 url(../_media/elements/discharge/Yb.png) repeat-y center; background-size:contain;"> <span><a class="pure-menu-heading" href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/webelements/"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo"></a> <a class="white" href="./">Ytterbium - <sub>70</sub>Yb</a>  <audio id="myAudio_f"> <source src="../_media/elements/snds_f/Yb.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. </audio> <button class="pure-button f_button" style=" display: inline;" type="button" onclick="audf_play_pause()"> 🔊  </button> <script> function audf_play_pause() { var myAudiof = document.getElementById("myAudio_f"); if (myAudiof.paused) { myAudiof.play(); } else { myAudiof.pause(); }} </script></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <a href="#" class="pure-menu-link pure-menu-heading">▸▸</a> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇬🇧 Ytterbium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇺🇦 Iтербій</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇨🇳 鐿</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇳🇱 Ytterbium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇫🇷 Ytterbium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇩🇪 Ytterbium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇱 איטרביום</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇹 Itterbio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇯🇵 イッテルビウム</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇵🇹 Itérbio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇪🇸 Yterbio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇸🇪 Ytterbium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇷🇺 Иттербий</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="google_navbar_positioning"> <form action="https://www.google.com" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-9334432533380510:6223510783"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input type="text" name="q" size="28"> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"> </div> </form> <script> </script> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <h1 class="f">Ytterbium - <sub><small>70</small></sub>Yb: biological information</h1> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <ul class="pure-menu-list z_menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a href="../ytterbium/" class="pure-menu-link">▸▸ Yb Essentials</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/physics.html">Physical properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/atoms.html">Electron shell data</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/atom_sizes.html">Atom sizes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/electronegativity.html">Electronegativity</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/isotopes.html" >Isotopes and NMR</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/crystal_structure.html">Crystal structure</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/thermochemistry.html">Thermochemistry</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/history.html">History</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/uses.html">Uses</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/geology.html">Geology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/biology.html">Biology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/compounds.html">Binary compounds</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/compound_properties.html" >Compound properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/chemistry.html">Element reactions</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../ytterbium/contents.html">List all Yb properties</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <p class="p_first">Ytterbium has no biological role but is said to stimulate the metabolism.</p> <h2 class="f">Levels in humans</h2> <p>The <a href="../periodicity/abund_humans/">abundances of the elements in humans</a>.</p> <ul> <li><a href="../periodicity/abund_humans/">Human abundance by weight</a>: (no data) ppb by weight</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/abund_humans_a/">Human abundance by atoms</a>: (no data) atoms relative to C = 1000000</li> </ul> <h2 class="f">How much ytterbium is in your body? Find out here.</h2> <p class="p_first">You can use this form to calculate how much ytterbium your body contains. Enter your weight in either kilograms or pounds and click the "Calculate" button. You must enter a number, not text! <strong>Elements for which there are no data will always give a value of zero for the weight, no matter what you put in the weight box.</strong></p> <form name="wtform" method="post" action="calc"> <table class="pure-table"> <caption>Calculate how much ytterbium is in your body</caption> <tr><td>Enter your weight here: <input name="weight" type="text" value="0" size="10" title="Enter your weight here (must be a number!)" /> <select name="unit"><option value="1">kilograms</option><option value="2.2">pounds</option></select> <input type="button" value="Calculate!" onclick="calculate()" /></td> <td>You contain about :<input name="content" type="text" value="0" size="10" /> grams of ytterbium</td></tr> </table> </form> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-9334432533380510" data-ad-slot="4479092381" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </div> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../_media/periodicity/tables/periodic_table_heatscape_white/abund_humans_l_heat_w.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of the logarithm of the abundance of the chemical elements as a heat map on a periodic table grid." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of the logarithm of the abundance of the chemical elements as a heat map on a periodic table grid.</figcaption></figure> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../_media/periodicity/tables/periodic_table_cityscape_black/abund_humans_l_city_b.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of the logarithm of the abundance of the chemical elements as a cityscape on a periodic table grid." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of the logarithm of the abundance of the chemical elements as a cityscape on a periodic table grid.</figcaption></figure> <h2 class="f">Hazards and Risks</h2> <p class="p_first"><a href="../periodicity/hazards/">Hazards and risks</a> associated with ytterbium: <p class="p_first">Ytterbium compounds are encountered rarely by most people. All ytterbium compounds should be regarded as highly toxic although initial evidence would appear to suggest the danger is limited. They are skin and eye irritants and perhaps teratogenic. The metal dust presents a fire and explosion hazard. </p> <h2 class="f">References</h2> <ul> <li>J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/006042995X/webelements">Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity</a></em>, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.</li> <li> S. Budavari (Ed.) in <em>The Merck Index</em>, 11th ed., Merck, USA, 1989.</li> <li> N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw in <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0750633654/webelements">Chemistry of the Elements</a></em>, 2nd edition, Butterworth, UK, 1997.</li> </ul> </main> <div id="footer"> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Key properties</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/eneg_pauling/">Electronegativity </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/melting_point/">Melting point</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/density/">Density </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/molar_volume/">Molar volume</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/ionis_energy_1/">Ionization energy (1st)</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/covalent_radius/">Covalent radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/metallic_radius/">Metallic radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/abund_crust/">Abundance: earth's crust</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Shop</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">Sorry, shop closed</li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Social</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/webelements.periodic.table">Facebook</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://twitter.com/periodic_table">Twitter</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.pinterest.com/periodictable/">Pinterest</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Administration</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/your-privacy/" title="Your privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/about-webelements/" title="About WebElements">About</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/" title="Copyright information about WebElements">Copyright</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/acknowledgements/" title="Acknowledgements">Thanks...</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <address> <p> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/"><img class="logo_m" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements home" /></a><br /> <strong>WebElements:</strong> THE periodic table on the WWW [<a href="https://www.webelements.com/">www.webelements.com</a>]<br /> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/">Copyright </a> 1993-2024 <a href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/">Mark Winter</a> [ <a href="https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/">The University of Sheffield </a> and WebElements Ltd, UK]. 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