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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-剪接途徑" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#剪接途徑"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>剪接途徑</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-剪接途徑-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关剪接途徑子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-剪接途徑-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-剪接體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#剪接體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>剪接體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-剪接體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-自剪接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自剪接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>自剪接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自剪接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-轉運RNA剪接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#轉運RNA剪接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>轉運RNA剪接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-轉運RNA剪接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-演化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#演化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>演化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-演化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生物化學過程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生物化學過程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>生物化學過程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生物化學過程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-選擇性剪接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#選擇性剪接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>選擇性剪接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-選擇性剪接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-剪接的實驗處理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#剪接的實驗處理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>剪接的實驗處理</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-剪接的實驗處理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-剪接誤差" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#剪接誤差"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>剪接誤差</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-剪接誤差-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-內部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#內部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>內部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-內部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">RNA剪接</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。38种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adchuste_d%27ARN" title="Adchuste d'ARN – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Adchuste d'ARN" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D8%A5%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="التوصيل (إزالة الانترونات) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التوصيل (إزالة الانترونات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prerada_RNK" title="Prerada RNK – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prerada RNK" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empalmament" title="Empalmament – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Empalmament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splicing" title="Splicing – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Splicing" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splei%C3%9Fen_(Biologie)" title="Spleißen (Biologie) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spleißen (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AE_(%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Συναρμογή (βιολογία) – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συναρμογή (βιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_splicing" title="RNA splicing – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="RNA splicing" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splisado" title="Splisado – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Splisado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empalme_de_ARN" title="Empalme de ARN – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Empalme de ARN" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splaissimine" title="Splaissimine – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Splaissimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-moztitsasketa" title="RNA-moztitsasketa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="RNA-moztitsasketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="پیرایش آران‌ای – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیرایش آران‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silmukointi" title="Silmukointi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Silmukointi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89pissage" title="Épissage – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Épissage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splicing" title="Splicing – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Splicing" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8" title="שחבור – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שחבור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjalinan_RNA" title="Penjalinan RNA – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penjalinan RNA" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splicing" title="Splicing – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Splicing" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="RNAスプライシング – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="RNAスプライシング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="სპლაისინგი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სპლაისინგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Сплайсинг – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сплайсинг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%B1" title="RNA 스플라이싱 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="RNA 스플라이싱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splicing" title="Splicing – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Splicing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-spleising" title="RNA-spleising – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="RNA-spleising" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splicing" title="Splicing – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Splicing" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splicing" title="Splicing – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Splicing" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matisare_(genetic%C4%83)" title="Matisare (genetică) – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Matisare (genetică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Сплайсинг – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сплайсинг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNK_splajsovanje" title="RNK splajsovanje – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="RNK splajsovanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_splicing" title="RNA splicing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="RNA splicing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNK_splajsovanje" title="RNK splajsovanje – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="RNK splajsovanje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-splitsning" title="RNA-splitsning – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="RNA-splitsning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сплайсинг РНК" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%AFt_n%E1%BB%91i_ARN" title="Cắt nối ARN – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cắt nối ARN" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5" title="RNA剪接 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="RNA剪接" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5" title="Talk:RNA剪接">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目已<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">列出參考資料</a>，但<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8" title="Help:脚注">文內引註</a>不足，<b>部分內容的來源仍然不明</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2022年11月19日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请加上合适的文內引註加以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit">改善</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2022年11月19日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%22">"RNA剪接"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-3f822e7b" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Lifesciences"></div></div></div> <p><b>RNA剪接</b>（英語：<span lang="en">RNA splicing</span>，又稱<b>拼接</b>），是一种基因調控(gene regulation)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="遺傳學">分子生物學</a>中，主要是指細胞核內<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="基因">基因</a>資訊在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="轉錄">轉錄</a>過程中或是在轉錄過後的一种修飾，即將<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%90%AB%E5%AD%90" title="内含子">內含子</a>移除及合併<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%BE%E5%AD%90" title="外显子">外顯子</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>——內含子與外顯子的名稱是通用於編碼基因的DNA及其轉錄後的RNA——是<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物">真核生物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8DmRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="前mRNA">前mRNA</a>變成<a href="/wiki/MRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA">mRNA</a>的過程之一。剪接過程是<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%E9%AB%94" title="剪接體">剪接體</a>內<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="核糖核酸">核糖核酸</a>（RNA）<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" title="核苷酸">核苷酸</a>之間的一連串生化反應，並由剪接體內小核核糖蛋白（<a href="/w/index.php?title=SnRNP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SnRNP（页面不存在）">snRNP</a>）中的snRNA負責催化並作用。此外，也有一些類型不需外在催化物質，而是在特定二價金屬離子存在的情況下，以RNA自我催化的方式進行剪接，如第一型或第二型內含子（group-I or group-II intron）或<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E9%85%B6" title="核酸酶">核酸酶</a>（ribozyme）。這也是真核生物與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="原核生物">原核生物</a>的区别之一（请参看<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E5%8F%8D%E5%AD%90" title="顺反子">顺反子</a>）。成熟的mRNA會接著進行<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="蛋白質生物合成">蛋白質生物合成</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E8%AD%AF_(%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="轉譯 (遺傳學)">轉譯</a>(translation)，以產生<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pre-mRNA_to_mRNA_zh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pre-mRNA_to_mRNA_zh.png/450px-Pre-mRNA_to_mRNA_zh.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pre-mRNA_to_mRNA_zh.png/675px-Pre-mRNA_to_mRNA_zh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pre-mRNA_to_mRNA_zh.png/900px-Pre-mRNA_to_mRNA_zh.png 2x" data-file-width="1547" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>mRNA前體的外顯子（exon）及內含子（intron）圖解。</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="剪接途徑"><span id=".E5.89.AA.E6.8E.A5.E9.80.94.E5.BE.91"></span>剪接途徑</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：剪接途徑"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RNA剪接可以有多種的方式。剪接的型式以<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%90%AB%E5%AD%90" title="内含子">內含子</a>的結構及剪接所需的剪接因子而定。此外，RNA剪接還分為分子內（intramolecular）剪接（<i>cis</i> splicing）以及分子間（intermolecular）剪接（<i>trans</i> splicing）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="剪接體"><span id=".E5.89.AA.E6.8E.A5.E9.AB.94"></span>剪接體</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：剪接體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%90%AB%E5%AD%90" title="内含子">內含子</a>經常存在於<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物">真核生物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a>編碼<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="基因">基因</a>（coding gene）中，也存在於rRNA、tRNA以及許多病毒的基因組內。在內含子裡，需要有 5' 剪接位點（5' splice site）、3' 剪接位點（3' splice site）及剪接分枝位點（branch point）來進行剪接。剪接是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%E9%AB%94" title="剪接體">剪接體</a>（Spliceosome）來催化，它是以五個不同的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="小核核糖核酸">小核核糖核酸</a>（snRNAs）以及不下於一百個蛋白質所組成的大型核糖核酸蛋白質複合物，稱為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小核核糖蛋白（页面不存在）">小核核糖蛋白</a>（snRNP）所組成。小核核糖蛋白的 RNA 會與內含子行雜交作用（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hybridization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hybridization（页面不存在）">hybridization</a>），並且參與剪接的催化反應。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="自剪接"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E5.89.AA.E6.8E.A5"></span>自剪接</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：自剪接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自剪接" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="self-splicing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自剪接（页面不存在）">自剪接</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/self-splicing" class="extiw" title="en:self-splicing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">self-splicing</span></a></span>）</span></span>出現在稀少的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%90%AB%E5%AD%90" title="内含子">內含子</a>組成<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E9%85%B6" title="核酸酶">核酸酶</a>，核酸酶在只有<a href="/wiki/RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a>的情況下代替了<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%E9%AB%94" title="剪接體">剪接體</a>的功能。自剪接的內含子有三種，稱為第一型、第二型及第三型。自剪接型內含子以與剪接體類似的方式進行剪接，但不需要任何<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a>。這種相似性使人相信這些內含子與剪接體在演化過程上有著關連。自剪接亦可能是非常古老，且可能出現在一個還未有蛋白質的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="核糖核酸世界">核糖核酸世界</a>。雖然以下兩種剪接可以在沒有蛋白質的情況下進行，但依然會額外的使用5個RNA分子(snoRNAs)及超過50多個蛋白質，並水解多個<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">三磷酸腺苷</a>（ATP）分子。使用 ATP 是要提高剪接<a href="/wiki/MRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA">mRNA</a>的準確性，避免出現錯誤。 </p><p>以下兩次<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A4%E9%85%AF%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="交酯化（页面不存在）">轉酯化</a>是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第一型內含子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="group I intron"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%9E%8B%E5%85%A7%E5%90%AB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一型內含子（页面不存在）">第一型內含子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/group_I_intron" class="extiw" title="en:group I intron"><span lang="en" dir="auto">group I intron</span></a></span>）</span></span>自剪接的特徵： </p> <ol><li>游離<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4" title="鳥嘌呤">鳥嘌呤</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" title="核苷酸">核苷酸</a>（被包在內含子中）的3'<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A5%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="羥基">羥基</a>，或是核苷酸輔助因子（即<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E8%8B%B7%E5%96%AE%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="鳥苷單磷酸">鳥苷单磷酸</a>（GMP）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%B8%9F%E8%8B%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="二磷酸鸟苷">鳥苷二磷酸</a>（GDP）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E8%8B%B7%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="鳥苷三磷酸">鳥苷三磷酸</a>（GTP））攻擊內含子的5'剪接位點。內含子並不形成套索結構，而該鳥糞苷則會從內含子中轉移位置到內含子的5'位，從而成為第I型內含子的第一個核苷酸。</li> <li>內含子5'剪接位點上游外顯子最後一個核苷酸的3'羥基變成親核基，而第二次交酯化/轉酯化會將兩個外顯子接合。</li></ol> <p>以下是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二型內含子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="group II intron"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%9E%8B%E5%85%A7%E5%90%AB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二型內含子（页面不存在）">第二型內含子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/group_II_intron" class="extiw" title="en:group II intron"><span lang="en" dir="auto">group II intron</span></a></span>）</span></span>自剪接的特徵（與第Ｉ型相同是兩次交酯化）： </p> <ol><li>內含子內特定<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="腺苷">腺苷</a>的2'羥基<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E6%A0%B8%E4%BD%93" title="亲核体">攻擊</a>5'剪接位點，從而形成一個套索。</li> <li>5'<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%BE%E5%AD%90" title="外显子">外顯子</a>的3'羥基新親核基於3'剪接位點引發第二次的交酯化/轉酯化反應，從而將兩個外顯子接合。</li></ol> <p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第三型內含子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="group III intron"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%9E%8B%E5%85%A7%E5%90%AB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第三型內含子（页面不存在）">第三型內含子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/group_III_intron" class="extiw" title="en:group III intron"><span lang="en" dir="auto">group III intron</span></a></span>）</span></span>的自剪接過程則類似第二型內含子。以下為其他特徵： </p> <ol><li>第三型內含子的長度普遍小於第一型或第二型內含子（約為 95–110 個核苷酸長）。</li> <li>没有第二型內含子般的保留式二級結構，但在自前接過程中同樣會形成套索。</li> <li>常存於葉綠體中與轉錄和轉譯有關的基因內。</li> <li>序列中的 A/T 含量相對較高。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="轉運RNA剪接"><span id=".E8.BD.89.E9.81.8BRNA.E5.89.AA.E6.8E.A5"></span>轉運RNA剪接</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：轉運RNA剪接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E9%81%8BRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="轉運RNA">轉運RNA</a>（tRNA）剪接是另一種較罕見的剪接方法，但是卻經常在 tRNA 出現。它的剪接反應涉及與<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%E9%AB%94" title="剪接體">剪接體</a>或自剪接不同的生物化學過程。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E9%85%B6" title="核糖核酸酶">核糖核酸酶</a>切開<a href="/wiki/RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a>，而核酸<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E6%8E%A5%E9%85%B6" title="連接酶">連接酶</a> (RNA ligase) 則將<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%BE%E5%AD%90" title="外显子">外顯子</a>接合。這種剪接方式同樣不需要任何RNA分子來催化，而是一種全由蛋白質催化和作用的反應。整個過程中並未有交酯化/轉酯化作用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="演化"><span id=".E6.BC.94.E5.8C.96"></span>演化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：演化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在所有<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%8C_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="界 (生物)">生物界</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="域 (生物)">生物域</a>中都有出現剪接，剪接的幅度及類型在主要的<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="門 (生物)">生物門</a>中都可以非常不同。<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物">真核生物</a>中RNA剪接好發於<a href="/wiki/MRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA">mRNA</a>及一些<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%B7%A8%E7%A2%BCRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="非編碼RNA">非編碼RNA</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="原核生物">原核生物</a>則很少剪接，但多是非編碼RNA。兩種生物最大的差異是原核生物沒有<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%E9%AB%94" title="剪接體">剪接體</a>剪接途徑。 </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" class="wikitable"> <caption><b>剪接差異比較</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th style="background:#efefef;">真核生物</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">原核生物 </th></tr> <tr> <td>剪接體</td> <td align="center">+</td> <td align="center">- </td></tr> <tr> <td>自剪接</td> <td align="center">+</td> <td align="center">+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>tRNA</td> <td align="center">+</td> <td align="center">+ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>由於剪接體<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%90%AB%E5%AD%90" title="内含子">內含子</a>並非在所有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="種"> 生物種</a>中得到保存，有人便因此質疑剪接體演化的起始點。現時有兩種建議的模式：內含子先天存在理論及內含子後天衍生理論。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生物化學過程"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E7.89.A9.E5.8C.96.E5.AD.B8.E9.81.8E.E7.A8.8B"></span>生物化學過程</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：生物化學過程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two-step_Splicing_Reaction_zh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Two-step_Splicing_Reaction_zh.png/400px-Two-step_Splicing_Reaction_zh.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Two-step_Splicing_Reaction_zh.png/600px-Two-step_Splicing_Reaction_zh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Two-step_Splicing_Reaction_zh.png/800px-Two-step_Splicing_Reaction_zh.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>剪接的生物化學圖解</figcaption></figure> <p>剪接體剪接及自剪接涉及兩個步驟的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物化學">生物化學</a>過程。兩個步驟均需要在<a href="/wiki/RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a>間進行<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A4%E9%85%AF%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="交酯化（页面不存在）">轉酯化</a>反應。但是<a href="/wiki/TRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="TRNA">tRNA</a>剪接則沒有交醋化/轉酯化過程。 </p><p>剪接體及自剪接交酯化反應的發生有特定的次序。首先，一個在<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%90%AB%E5%AD%90" title="内含子">內含子</a>的特定「剪接分枝位點」核苷酸會與這個內含子的第一個核苷酸產生<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A4%E9%85%AF%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="交酯化（页面不存在）">轉酯化</a>反應，形成兩個RNA分子，一個是「內含子套索」另一個則是內含子前的外顯子。第二，第一個外顯子最後的核苷酸會與第二個外顯子的首個核苷酸產生<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A4%E9%85%AF%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="交酯化（页面不存在）">轉酯化</a>反應，連接外顯子並釋放內含子套索。 </p><p>而在真核生物中，需要多種的snRNP合作，其中包括U1.U2.U4.U5.U6snRNA的輔助。其中詳細的機制為： </p> <ol><li>U1snRNA與靠近第一外顯子（5'外顯子）的內含子區段結合，U2會接合上轉接點並且使其上的一個腺嘌呤突出。</li> <li>接著，U6,U4複合體會準備接上，同時間U5snRNA會被U2AF蛋白徵召，而U2AF會被第2外顯子的ESE上的SR蛋白吸引。</li> <li>U6的其中一段會將U1置換並且與U2的一段結合，而在此時，這條pre mRNA已經被彎曲，U4會離開。有理論推斷U4和U1是有抑制U6活性的功能。</li> <li>轉接點的腺嘌呤會對外顯子一座親核性攻擊產生少見的2'-5'磷酸雙酯鍵，並且產生一個內含子套索，這是第一反應。</li> <li>最後，在U5的輔助下，會對內含子套索的接點做第二次攻擊，並且使內含子套索脫落，使第一和第二外顯子結合，完成修飾。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="選擇性剪接"><span id=".E9.81.B8.E6.93.87.E6.80.A7.E5.89.AA.E6.8E.A5"></span>選擇性剪接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：選擇性剪接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%E6%80%A7%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5" title="選擇性剪接">選擇性剪接</a></div></dd></dl> <p>在很多時候，剪接過程可以透過對同一個基因轉錄的相同pre-mRNA使用不同的剪接選擇，產生不同的mRNA異構物(isoform)，最後產生多種相似卻又獨特的蛋白質，或是產生出穩定性低的mRNA產物以達到調節基因表現的目的。而由於選擇性剪接的存在而使基因組可以產生比基因數量還多許多倍的基因產物。例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="抗體">抗體</a>的製造。 </p><p>Pre-mRNA的剪接也並不是完美的。據估計，人體細胞中有約70%的基因會進行選擇性剪接。而其中又有三分之二以上的剪接產物 (spliced transcripts) 因為剪接過程的不夠精確、或是形成未成熟的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%88%E6%AD%A2%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%90" title="终止密码子">終止密碼子</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Premature_termination_codon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Premature termination codon（页面不存在）">premature termination codon</a>, PTC) 而造成該 RNA 的降解 (RNA degradation)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另有研究顯示，剪接過程中的交酯化/轉酯化反應在特定條件下是可逆的<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這對於剪接反應如何維持或調結其精確性提供了新的思路，並對如何治療因剪接錯誤而起的人類疾病提供了新方向。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="剪接的實驗處理"><span id=".E5.89.AA.E6.8E.A5.E7.9A.84.E5.AF.A6.E9.A9.97.E8.99.95.E7.90.86"></span>剪接的實驗處理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：剪接的實驗處理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>干擾 <a href="/wiki/MRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA">mRNA</a> 剪接的實驗可以透過將以<a href="/wiki/%E5%97%8E%E5%95%89%E5%9F%BA" title="嗎啉基">嗎啉基</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BD%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="肽核酸">肽核酸</a>修飾之反義寡核苷酸結合在 <a href="/w/index.php?title=SnRNP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SnRNP（页面不存在）">snRNP</a> 於 mRNA 上的結合位點、型成套索結的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" title="核苷酸">核苷酸</a>分支點或剪接調控因子的結合位點上<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>來作出修改。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>另外，藉由影響剪接調控因子在細胞的正常表現，或是在試管反應中控制調控因子的相對濃度，甚至是剪接體的相對濃度都能達成對 mRNA 剪接干擾的目的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="剪接誤差"><span id=".E5.89.AA.E6.8E.A5.E8.AA.A4.E5.B7.AE"></span>剪接誤差</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：剪接誤差"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%90%AB%E5%AD%90" title="内含子">內含子</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%BE%E5%AD%90" title="外显子">外顯子</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="突變">突變</a>可以阻礙剪接及從而影響<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="蛋白質合成">蛋白質合成</a>。一般的誤差包括： </p> <ul><li>剪接位點的突變造成位點失去功能。這是因過早與終止<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="密码子">密碼子</a>的接觸、失去外顯子、或包含內含子。</li> <li>剪接位點附近的突變減少獨特性。這可以是因拼接位置的差異，引發插入或移除<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BA%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="胺基酸">胺基酸</a>，或通常是失去<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6" title="閱讀框架">閱讀框架</a>。</li> <li>剪接位點的移位。這是因包含或排除比預期更多的<a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a>，造成較長或較短的混合外顯子。然而有時剪接位點的移位並非是出自突變，而是剪接位點的序列重覆或位置太靠近所導致。</li> <li>選擇性剪接作用蛋白的影響。這些非剪接體內的核糖核酸結合蛋白在細胞核內的含量或狀態，會影響剪接體對於剪接位點的選擇。通常的作用是各式<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6" title="閱讀框架">閱讀框架</a>的改變，其他則是非轉譯區的改變，後者經常是影響RNA的轉譯效率或RNA的穩定性。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="內部連結"><span id=".E5.85.A7.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>內部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：內部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="CDNA">cDNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%BE%E5%AD%90" title="外显子">外顯子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%90%AB%E5%AD%90" title="内含子">內含子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%E9%AB%94" title="剪接體">剪接體</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83"></span>參考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：參考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gehrin N, Roignant J. 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BD%AC%E5%BD%95%E5%90%8E%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0" title="Template:转录后修饰"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E8%BD%AC%E5%BD%95%E5%90%8E%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:转录后修饰（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%BD%AC%E5%BD%95%E5%90%8E%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:转录后修饰"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="转录后修饰" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%BD%95%E5%90%8E%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0" title="转录后修饰">转录后修饰</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">细胞核</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E4%BF%A1%E4%BD%BF%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="前信使核糖核酸">前信使RNA</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/5%E2%80%B2%E7%AB%AF%E5%B8%BD" title="5′端帽">5'端加帽</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96" title="多腺苷酸化">多腺苷酸化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%81%9A%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="多聚腺苷酸结合蛋白">多聚腺苷酸结合蛋白</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E5%89%B2%E5%92%8C%E8%81%9A%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%89%B9%E7%95%B0%E6%80%A7%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="切割和聚腺苷酸特異性因子">CPSF</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E5%89%B2%E5%88%BA%E6%BF%80%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="切割刺激因子">CstF</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B0%E5%9F%BA%E8%BD%AC%E7%A7%BB%E9%85%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多核苷酸腺苷酰基转移酶（页面不存在）">PAP</a>、 <p><a href="/wiki/PABPN1" title="PABPN1">PAB2</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%AA%E5%88%87%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90%E2%85%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="剪切因子Ⅰ（页面不存在）">CFI</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%AA%E5%88%87%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90%E2%85%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="剪切因子Ⅱ（页面不存在）">CFII</a>） </p><p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RNA剪接</a>： <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%90%AB%E5%AD%90" title="内含子">内含子</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%BE%E5%AD%90" title="外显子">外显子</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="小核核糖核酸">snRNA</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%B0%8F%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="核小核糖核蛋白">snRNP</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%E9%AB%94" title="剪接體">剪接體</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="次要剪切体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Minor spliceosome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E8%A6%81%E5%89%AA%E5%88%87%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次要剪切体（页面不存在）">次要剪切体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_spliceosome" class="extiw" title="en:Minor spliceosome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Minor spliceosome</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="U1 剪接体RNA" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="U1 spliceosomal RNA"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=U1_%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5%E4%BD%93RNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U1 剪接体RNA（页面不存在）">U1</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U1_spliceosomal_RNA" class="extiw" title="en:U1 spliceosomal RNA"><span lang="en" dir="auto">U1 spliceosomal RNA</span></a></span>）</span></span>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%E6%80%A7%E5%89%AA%E6%8E%A5" title="選擇性剪接">選擇性剪接</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <i>前体mRNA加工因子</i> （<a href="/w/index.php?title=PLRG1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLRG1（页面不存在）">PLRG1</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=PRPF3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRPF3（页面不存在）">PRPF3</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=PRPF4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRPF4（页面不存在）">PRPF4</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=PRPF4B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRPF4B（页面不存在）">PRPF4B</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=PRPF6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRPF6（页面不存在）">PRPF6</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=PRPF8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRPF8（页面不存在）">PRPF8</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=PRPF18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRPF18（页面不存在）">PRPF18</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=PRPF19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRPF19（页面不存在）">PRPF19</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=PRPF31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRPF31（页面不存在）">PRPF31</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=PRPF38A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRPF38A（页面不存在）">PRPF38A</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=PRPF38B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRPF38B（页面不存在）">PRPF38B</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=PRPF39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRPF39（页面不存在）">PRPF39</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=PRPF40A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRPF40A（页面不存在）">PRPF40A</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=PRPF40B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRPF40B（页面不存在）">PRPF40B</a>） </p> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91" title="核糖核酸编辑">RNA编辑</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%81%9A%E5%B0%BF%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多聚尿苷酸化（页面不存在）">多聚尿苷酸化</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">细胞质</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5%E2%80%B2%E7%AB%AF%E5%B8%BD" title="5′端帽">5'端帽甲基化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRNA%E5%8E%BB%E5%B8%BD" title="MRNA去帽">mRNA去帽</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DCP1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DCP1A（页面不存在）">DCP1A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DCP1B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DCP1B（页面不存在）">DCP1B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DCP2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DCP2（页面不存在）">DCP2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DCPS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DCPS（页面不存在）">DCPS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EDC3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EDC3（页面不存在）">EDC3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EDC4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EDC4（页面不存在）">EDC4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA" title="Template:蛋白质生物合成导航"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA" title="Template talk:蛋白质生物合成导航"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:蛋白质生物合成导航"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="遗传学索引" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">遗传学索引</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">描述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E6%80%BB%E8%A7%88" title="Template:生物化学模板总览">生化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE" title="Template:基因表达">基因表达</a></li> <li>DNA <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:DNA%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6" title="Template:DNA复制">复制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8" title="Template:细胞周期蛋白质">周期蛋白</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8D%E7%BB%84" title="Template:基因重组">基因重组</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:DNA%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%8D" title="Template:DNA修复">修复</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BD%AC%E5%BD%95" title="Template:转录">转录</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BD%AC%E5%BD%95%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%86%85%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" title="Template:转录因子与细胞内受体">转录因子与细胞内受体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Transcription_coregulators" title="Template:Transcription coregulators">辅调节因子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:RNA%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B" title="Template:RNA类型">RNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97" title="Template:重复序列">重复序列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BD%AC%E5%BD%95%E5%90%8E%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0" title="Template:转录后修饰">转录后修饰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="Template:遗传学/翻译">翻译</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E4%BD%93%E4%BA%9A%E5%9F%BA" title="Template:核糖体亚基">核糖体亚基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%90%8E%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0" title="Template:翻译后修饰">翻译后修饰</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Sorting nexin" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Sorting nexin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sorting_nexin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Sorting nexin（页面不存在）">分拣蛋白</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sorting_nexin" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Sorting nexin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Sorting nexin</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:DNA-binding proteins" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:DNA-binding proteins"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:DNA-binding_proteins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:DNA-binding proteins（页面不存在）">DNA结合蛋白</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:DNA-binding_proteins" class="extiw" title="en:Template:DNA-binding proteins"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:DNA-binding proteins</span></a></span>）</span></span>/<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:RNA-binding proteins" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:RNA-binding proteins"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:RNA-binding_proteins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:RNA-binding proteins（页面不存在）">RNA结合蛋白</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:RNA-binding_proteins" class="extiw" title="en:Template:RNA-binding proteins"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:RNA-binding proteins</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="Template:核糖核蛋白">核糖核蛋白</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>蛋白质 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Protein_domains" title="Template:Protein domains">结构域</a></li> <li>结构 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="Template:蛋白质一级结构">1°</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E4%BA%8C%E7%BA%A7%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="Template:蛋白质二级结构">2°</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E8%B6%85%E4%BA%8C%E7%BA%A7%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="Template:蛋白质超二级结构">2<sup>+</sup>°</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E4%B8%89%E7%BA%A7%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="Template:蛋白质三级结构">3°</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E5%9B%9B%E7%BA%A7%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="Template:蛋白质四级结构">4°</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">疾病</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:DNA replication and repair-deficiency disorder" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:DNA replication and repair-deficiency disorder"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:DNA_replication_and_repair-deficiency_disorder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:DNA replication and repair-deficiency disorder（页面不存在）">Replication and repair</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:DNA_replication_and_repair-deficiency_disorder" class="extiw" title="en:Template:DNA replication and repair-deficiency disorder"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:DNA replication and repair-deficiency disorder</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Transcription factor and coregulator deficiencies" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Transcription factor and coregulator deficiencies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Transcription_factor_and_coregulator_deficiencies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Transcription factor and coregulator deficiencies（页面不存在）">Transcription factor</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Transcription_factor_and_coregulator_deficiencies" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Transcription factor and coregulator deficiencies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Transcription factor and coregulator deficiencies</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Disorders of transcription and post transcriptional modification" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Disorders of transcription and post transcriptional modification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Disorders_of_transcription_and_post_transcriptional_modification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Disorders of transcription and post transcriptional modification（页面不存在）">转录相关疾病</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Disorders_of_transcription_and_post_transcriptional_modification" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Disorders of transcription and post transcriptional modification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Disorders of transcription and post transcriptional modification</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disorders_of_translation_and_posttranslational_modification" title="Template:Disorders of translation and posttranslational modification">轉譯相關疾病</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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