CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Maluku Islands - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d9f14d75-96f7-4ff3-812b-ba82775d4a15","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Maluku_Islands","wgTitle":"Maluku Islands","wgCurRevisionId":1282027419,"wgRevisionId":1282027419,"wgArticleId":51282,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2025","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from September 2015","Coordinates on Wikidata","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2025","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2010","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018","Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Articles with French-language sources (fr)","Maluku Islands","Molucca Sea","Archipelagoes of Indonesia","Archipelagoes of Southeast Asia","Maritime Southeast Asia","Geography of Melanesia","Dutch East India Company","Former Portuguese colonies","Former Spanish colonies","Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia","Spanish East Indies","Wallacea"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Maluku_Islands","wgRelevantArticleId":51282,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Moluccas","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Maluku_Islands","wgCoordinates":{"lat":-3,"lon":129},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3827","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maluku_Islands_en.png/1200px-Maluku_Islands_en.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1322"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maluku_Islands_en.png/800px-Maluku_Islands_en.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="881"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maluku_Islands_en.png/640px-Maluku_Islands_en.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="705"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Maluku Islands - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Islands"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Islands"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Maluku_Islands rootpage-Maluku_Islands skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Maluku+Islands" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Maluku+Islands" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Maluku+Islands" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Maluku+Islands" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portuguese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Portuguese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Dutch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_Indonesian_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_Indonesian_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>After Indonesian independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_Indonesian_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1999–2003_inter-communal_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1999–2003_inter-communal_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1999–2003 inter-communal conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1999–2003_inter-communal_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Maluku Islands</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 98 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo-pulo_Maluku" title="Pulo-pulo Maluku – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Pulo-pulo Maluku" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molukke" title="Molukke – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Molukke" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83" title="جزر الملوك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزر الملوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islles_Moluques" title="Islles Moluques – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islles Moluques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مالوکو آدالاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مالوکو آدالاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuloan_Maluku" title="Kapuloan Maluku – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kapuloan Maluku" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C" title="মালুকু দ্বীপপুঞ্জ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মালুকু দ্বীপপুঞ্জ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_K%C3%BBn-t%C3%B3" title="Maluku Kûn-tó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Maluku Kûn-tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Maluku" title="Kepulauan Maluku – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kepulauan Maluku" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Молукка утрауҙары – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Молукка утрауҙары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Малукскія астравы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Малукскія астравы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Малуцкія астравы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Малуцкія астравы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiislahang_Maluku" title="Kaiislahang Maluku – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kaiislahang Maluku" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Молукски острови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Молукски острови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molu%C4%8Dka_ostrva" title="Molučka ostrva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Molučka ostrva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inizi_Maluku" title="Inizi Maluku – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Inizi Maluku" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moluques" title="Moluques – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Moluques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moluccas_(kapuloan_sa_Indonesya)" title="Moluccas (kapuloan sa Indonesya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Moluccas (kapuloan sa Indonesya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moluky" title="Moluky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Moluky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku" title="Maluku – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Maluku" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molukkerne" title="Molukkerne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Molukkerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molukken" title="Molukken – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Molukken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_saared" title="Maluku saared – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maluku saared" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Μολούκες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μολούκες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Molucas" title="Islas Molucas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Islas Molucas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molukoj" title="Molukoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Molukoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molukak" title="Molukak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Molukak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="جزایر ملوک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزایر ملوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moluques" title="Moluques – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moluques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molukken" title="Molukken – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Molukken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Molaca%C3%AD" title="Na Molacaí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Na Molacaí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molucas" title="Molucas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Molucas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Khi%C3%B9n-t%C3%B3" title="Maluku Khiùn-tó – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Maluku Khiùn-tó" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%A3%A8%EC%BF%A0_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="말루쿠 제도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말루쿠 제도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%84%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մոլուքյան կղզիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոլուքյան կղզիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="मालुकू द्वीपसमूह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मालुकू द्वीपसमूह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molu%C4%8Dki_otoci" title="Molučki otoci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Molučki otoci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is-isla_Maluku" title="Is-isla Maluku – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Is-isla Maluku" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Maluku" title="Kepulauan Maluku – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kepulauan Maluku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3l%C3%BAkkaeyjar" title="Mólúkkaeyjar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mólúkkaeyjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molucche" title="Molucche – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Molucche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95" title="איי מאלוקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איי מאלוקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuloan_Maluku" title="Kapuloan Maluku – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kapuloan Maluku" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Maluku Islands" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მოლუკის კუნძულები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოლუკის კუნძულები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Молукка аралдары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Молукка аралдары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visiwa_vya_Maluku" title="Visiwa vya Maluku – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Visiwa vya Maluku" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Молукка аралдары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Молукка аралдары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Малуку ошмаотывлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Малуку ошмаотывлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulae_Moluccae" title="Insulae Moluccae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Insulae Moluccae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moluku_salas" title="Moluku salas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Moluku salas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moluk%C5%B3_salos" title="Molukų salos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Molukų salos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku" title="Maluku – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Maluku" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku-szigetek" title="Maluku-szigetek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Maluku-szigetek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Молучки Острови – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Молучки Острови" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="മലുകു ദ്വീപുകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മലുകു ദ്വീപുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="მალუკუშ კოკეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მალუკუშ კოკეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86" title="ملوک جزیره‌ئون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ملوک جزیره‌ئون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Maluku" title="Kepulauan Maluku – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kepulauan Maluku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapulauan_Maluku" title="Kapulauan Maluku – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kapulauan Maluku" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molukken" title="Molukken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Molukken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molukken" title="Molukken – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Molukken" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6" title="モルッカ諸島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モルッカ諸島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molukken" title="Molukken – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Molukken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molukkene" title="Molukkene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Molukkene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molukkane" title="Molukkane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Molukkane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molucas" title="Molucas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Molucas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molukka_orollari" title="Molukka orollari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Molukka orollari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%92" title="مالوکو جزیرے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مالوکو جزیرے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moluche" title="Moluche – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Moluche" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moluki" title="Moluki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Moluki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilhas_Molucas" title="Ilhas Molucas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilhas Molucas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulele_Moluce" title="Insulele Moluce – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insulele Moluce" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Молуккские острова – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Молуккские острова" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Maluku Islands" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Maluku Islands" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molucche" title="Molucche – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Molucche" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Maluku Islands" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moluky" title="Moluky – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Moluky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moluki" title="Moluki – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Moluki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Молучка острва – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Молучка острва" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_otoci" title="Maluku otoci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Maluku otoci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuloan_Maluku" title="Kapuloan Maluku – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kapuloan Maluku" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molukit" title="Molukit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Molukit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moluckerna" title="Moluckerna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Moluckerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuluang_Maluku" title="Kapuluang Maluku – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kapuluang Maluku" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="மலுக்கு தீவுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலுக்கு தீவுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9" title="หมู่เกาะมาลูกู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมู่เกาะมาลูกู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Молукка – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Молукка" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Maluku Adaları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maluku Adaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Молуккські острови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Молуккські острови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="جزائر ملوک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جزائر ملوک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%E1%BA%A3o_Maluku" title="Quần đảo Maluku – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quần đảo Maluku" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuropod-an_Maluku" title="Kapuropod-an Maluku – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kapuropod-an Maluku" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E9%B9%BF%E5%8A%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="摩鹿加群島 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="摩鹿加群島" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E9%B9%BF%E5%8A%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="摩鹿加群島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="摩鹿加群島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E9%B9%BF%E5%8A%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="摩鹿加群岛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="摩鹿加群岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuloan_Maluku" title="Kapuloan Maluku – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Kapuloan Maluku" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3827#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Maluku_Islands" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Maluku_Islands" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Maluku_Islands" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&oldid=1282027419" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Maluku_Islands&id=1282027419&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMaluku_Islands"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMaluku_Islands"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Maluku_Islands&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Moluccas" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Maluku" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3827" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Maluku_Islands&params=03_S_129_E_region:ID_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">03°S</span> <span class="longitude">129°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3°S 129°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3; 129</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moluccas&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Moluccas">Moluccas</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archipelago in eastern Indonesia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Spice Islands" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Spice_Islands_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Spice Islands (disambiguation)">Spice Islands (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Indonesian provinces administering the archipelago, see <a href="/wiki/North_Maluku" title="North Maluku">North Maluku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maluku_(province)" title="Maluku (province)">Maluku (province)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Maluku Islands</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Maluku_Islands_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maluku_Islands_en.png/260px-Maluku_Islands_en.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maluku_Islands_en.png/390px-Maluku_Islands_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maluku_Islands_en.png/520px-Maluku_Islands_en.png 2x" data-file-width="1489" data-file-height="1640" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">February 2013 map of the Maluku Islands</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Maluku_Locator_Topography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maluku_Locator_Topography.png/330px-Maluku_Locator_Topography.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maluku_Locator_Topography.png/500px-Maluku_Locator_Topography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Maluku_Locator_Topography.png/960px-Maluku_Locator_Topography.png 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="1688" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Maluku_Islands&params=03_S_129_E_region:ID_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">03°S</span> <span class="longitude">129°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3°S 129°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3; 129</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total islands</th><td class="infobox-data">~1000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major islands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Halmahera" title="Halmahera">Halmahera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seram_Island" title="Seram Island">Seram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buru" title="Buru">Buru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aru_Islands_Regency" title="Aru Islands Regency">Aru Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kai_Islands" title="Kai Islands">Kai Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucipara_Islands" title="Lucipara Islands">Lucipara Islands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">78,897<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (30,462 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">3,027 m (9931 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Binaiya" title="Mount Binaiya">Binaiya</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Provinces</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_(province)" title="Maluku (province)">Maluku</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/North_Maluku" title="North Maluku">North Maluku</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest settlement</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ambon,_Maluku" title="Ambon, Maluku">Ambon</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">3,131,860<sup id="cite_ref-BPS_SP2020_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPS_SP2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnic groups</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ambonese_people" title="Ambonese people">Ambonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfur people">Alfur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuaulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuaulu">Nuaulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bugis" title="Bugis">Bugis</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Maluku Islands</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">mə-<span style="font-size:90%">LOO</span>-koo, mal-<span style="font-size:90%">OO</span>-</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i>Kepulauan Maluku</i>) or the <b>Moluccas</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">mə-<span style="font-size:90%">LUK</span>-əz</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i>Molukken</i>) are an <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> in the eastern part of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tectonics" title="Tectonics">Tectonically</a> they are located on the <a href="/wiki/Halmahera_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Halmahera Plate">Halmahera Plate</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Molucca_Sea_Collision_Zone" title="Molucca Sea Collision Zone">Molucca Sea Collision Zone</a>. Geographically they are located east of <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>, west of <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, and north and east of <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a>. Lying within <a href="/wiki/Wallacea" title="Wallacea">Wallacea</a> (mostly east of the <a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">biogeographical</a> <a href="/wiki/Max_Carl_Wilhelm_Weber" title="Max Carl Wilhelm Weber">Weber Line</a>), the Moluccas have been considered a geographical and cultural intersection of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>. </p><p>The islands were known as the <b>Spice Islands</b> because of the <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">nutmeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg#Mace" title="Nutmeg">mace</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">cloves</a> that were exclusively found there, the presence of which sparked European colonial interests in the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Maluku Islands formed a single <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">province</a> from Indonesian independence until 1999, when they were split into two provinces. A new province, <a href="/wiki/North_Maluku" title="North Maluku">North Maluku</a>, incorporates the area between <a href="/wiki/Morotai" class="mw-redirect" title="Morotai">Morotai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sula_Islands_Regency" title="Sula Islands Regency">Sula</a>, with the arc of islands from <a href="/wiki/Buru" title="Buru">Buru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seram_Island" title="Seram Island">Seram</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wetar" title="Wetar">Wetar</a> remaining within the existing <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Maluku Province">Maluku Province</a>. North Maluku is predominantly Muslim, and its capital is <a href="/wiki/Sofifi" title="Sofifi">Sofifi</a> on <a href="/wiki/Halmahera" title="Halmahera">Halmahera</a> island. Maluku province has a larger Christian population, and its capital is <a href="/wiki/Ambon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambon City">Ambon</a>. Though originally <a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many island populations especially in the <a href="/wiki/Banda_Islands" title="Banda Islands">Banda Islands</a>, were massacred in the 17th century during the <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Portuguese_War" title="Dutch–Portuguese War">Dutch–Portuguese War</a>, also known as the Spice War. A second influx of immigrants primarily from Java began in the early 20th century under the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch</a> and continues in the Indonesian era, which has also caused a lot of controversy as the Transmigrant programs are thought to be a contributing factor to the <a href="/wiki/Maluku_sectarian_conflict" title="Maluku sectarian conflict">Maluku Riots</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The etymology of the word <i>Maluku</i> is unclear and has been a matter of debate for many experts.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first recorded word that can be identified with <i>Maluku</i> comes from <a href="/wiki/Nagarakertagama" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagarakertagama">Nagarakertagama</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a> eulogy of 1365. Canto 14 stanza 5 mentioned <i>Maloko</i>, which Pigeaud identified with <a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a> or Moluccas.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 34">: 34 </span></sup> </p><p>A theory holds that <i>Maluku</i> comes from the phrase <i>Moloko Kie Raha</i> or <i>Moloku Kie Raha</i>. In <a href="/wiki/Ternate_language" title="Ternate language">the Ternate language</a>, <i>raha</i> means "four", while <i>kie</i> here means "mountain". <i>Kie raha</i> or "four mountains" refers to <a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacan_Islands" title="Bacan Islands">Bacan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jailolo" title="Jailolo">Jailolo</a> (the name <i>Jailolo</i> has been used in the past to refer to <a href="/wiki/Halmahera" title="Halmahera">Halmahera</a> island), all of which have their <i>kolano</i> (a local title for kings rooted in <a href="/wiki/Panji_tales" title="Panji tales">Panji tales</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is unclear what the meaning of <i>Moloko</i> or <i>Moloku</i> is. One possible meaning is in <a href="/wiki/Ternate_language" title="Ternate language">Ternate language</a>, it meant "to hold or grasp", in which case <i>Moloko Kie Raha</i> could be understood to mean "<i><b>Confederation of the Four Mountains</b></i>". Another possibility is that the word originates from the word <i>maloko</i>, which is a combination of the <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_particle" title="Grammatical particle">particle</a> <i>ma-</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Root_(linguistics)" title="Root (linguistics)">root</a> <i>loko</i> in <a href="/wiki/North_Halmahera_languages" title="North Halmahera languages">North Halmahera languages</a> means the variety of words relating to the location of mountains, in which case "Maloko Kie Raha" in the phrase "Ternate se Tidore, Moti se Mara <i>Maloko Kie Raha</i>" means "Ternate, Tidore, Moti, and Mara <i><b>the place of the four mountains</b></i>" or with the shifting of pronunciation of <i>loko</i> towards <i>luku</i>, means "Ternate, Tidore, Moti, and Mara <i><b>the world of the four mountains</b></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Willem_Blaeu00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Willem_Blaeu00.jpg/250px-Willem_Blaeu00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Willem_Blaeu00.jpg/330px-Willem_Blaeu00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Willem_Blaeu00.jpg/500px-Willem_Blaeu00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="870" /></a><figcaption>Map by <a href="/wiki/Willem_Blaeu" title="Willem Blaeu">Willem Blaeu</a> (1630)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Australo-Melanesians were the first people to inhabit the islands at least 40,000 years ago. A later migration of Austronesian speakers arrived around 2000 BC. </p><p>Archaeological finds in Ternate include a <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> statue with lotus flowers on the bottom, which indicate the statue is from the <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> era and indicate the early period of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alaidrus_Anggoro_2021_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alaidrus_Anggoro_2021-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other archaeological finds showed possible<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2025)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Arab merchants began to arrive in the fourteenth century, bringing <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">conversion</a> to Islam occurred in many islands,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> especially in the centres of trade, while aboriginal <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a> persisted in the hinterlands and more isolated islands. <a href="/wiki/Archaeological" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological">Archaeological</a> evidence here relies largely on the occurrence of pigs' teeth, as evidence of pork eating or abstinence therefrom.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Remnants of <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> expeditions were also found in oral as well as archaeological sites. A story from Letvuan on the island of <a href="/wiki/Kai_Kecil" title="Kai Kecil">Kai Kecil</a> tells of a Balinese envoy of Gajah Mada by the name of Kasdev, his wife Dit Ratngil, and eight of their children. Archaeological sites of ancient tombs found in Sorbay Bay, south of Letvuan, seem to support the story, as well as some cultural practices of Kei of Balinese origin.<sup id="cite_ref-Riyani_2017_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riyani_2017-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other archaeological finds in the <a href="/wiki/Kai_Islands" title="Kai Islands">Kei Islands</a> include a <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> statue from the island of <a href="/wiki/Kai_Besar" title="Kai Besar">Kei Besar</a>. </p><p>An oral story reports of a 14th-century Majapahit expedition to Negeri Ema, <a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon Island</a>, by an envoy named Nyi Mas Kenang Eko Sutarmi alongside 22 people among her retinue and a spear-bearer trying to form an alliance and trading relationship with Negeri Ema's leader by the name of <i>Kapitan</i> Ading Adang Anaan Tanahatuila. The meeting was facilitated by <i>Malessy</i> Soa Lisa Maitimu; however, it failed to reach an agreement. As Sutarmi failed, she decided to stay in exile while her retinues settled and married locals of Ema, and her spear bearer settled on the coast but was killed later by Gunung Maut troops. Archaeological finds relating to this expedition include a water source with <a href="/wiki/Surya_Majapahit" title="Surya Majapahit">Sun</a> symbols with nine rays, and heirlooms of spears and <a href="/wiki/Kulintang" title="Kulintang">Totobuang</a> kept by the Maitimu family and village office of Negeri Ema, alongside many potteries.<sup id="cite_ref-Purbawidya_2018_pp._53–70_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purbawidya_2018_pp._53–70-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese">Portuguese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Portuguese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ternate.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ternate.JPG/250px-Ternate.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ternate.JPG/330px-Ternate.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ternate.JPG/500px-Ternate.JPG 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="656" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of <a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a> by a presumably Dutch artist. Inset shows Saint John Baptist Portuguese-built fort on the island</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Orembai_in_de_baai_van_Elpapoetih_Zuid-Ceram_TMnr_10010563.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Orembai_in_de_baai_van_Elpapoetih_Zuid-Ceram_TMnr_10010563.jpg/250px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Orembai_in_de_baai_van_Elpapoetih_Zuid-Ceram_TMnr_10010563.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Orembai_in_de_baai_van_Elpapoetih_Zuid-Ceram_TMnr_10010563.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Orembai_in_de_baai_van_Elpapoetih_Zuid-Ceram_TMnr_10010563.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Orembai_in_de_baai_van_Elpapoetih_Zuid-Ceram_TMnr_10010563.jpg/500px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Orembai_in_de_baai_van_Elpapoetih_Zuid-Ceram_TMnr_10010563.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Orembai" title="Orembai">orembai</a>, a common traditional sailing vessel of the Maluku Islands</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1511 the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Malacca_(1511)" title="Capture of Malacca (1511)">conquered the city-state of Malacca</a>. The most significant lasting effects of the Portuguese presence were the disruption and reorganization of the Southeast Asian trade, and in eastern Indonesia—including Maluku—the introduction of Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp26_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp26-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One Portuguese diary noted, "It is over thirty years since they became <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a> learned of the route to the <a href="/wiki/Banda_Islands" title="Banda Islands">Banda Islands</a> and other 'Spice Islands', and sent an exploratory expedition of three vessels under the command of <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Abreu" title="António de Abreu">António de Abreu</a>, Simão Afonso Bisigudo, and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serr%C3%A3o" title="Francisco Serrão">Francisco Serrão</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the return trip, Serrão was shipwrecked at <a href="/wiki/Hitu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitu">Hitu</a> island (northern <a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a>) in 1512. There he established ties with the local ruler who was impressed with his martial skills. The rulers of the competing island states of <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ternate" title="Sultanate of Ternate">Ternate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Tidore" title="Sultanate of Tidore">Tidore</a> also sought Portuguese assistance and the newcomers were welcomed in the area as buyers of supplies and spices during a lull in the regional trade due to the temporary disruption of <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malay</a> sailings to the area following the 1511 conflict in Malacca. The spice trade soon revived but the Portuguese would not be able to fully monopolize or disrupt this trade.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp24_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp24-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allying himself with Ternate's ruler, Serrão constructed a fortress on that tiny island and served as the head of a <a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">mercenary</a> band of Portuguese seamen under the service of one of the two local feuding sultans who controlled most of the <a href="/wiki/Spices" class="mw-redirect" title="Spices">spice</a> trade. Both Serrão and <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a>, however, perished before they could meet one another.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp24_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp24-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Portuguese first landed in Ambon in 1513, but it only became the new centre for their activities in Maluku following the expulsion from Ternate. European power in the region was weak and Ternate became an expanding, fiercely Islamic, and anti-European state; the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-Ternate_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese-Ternate wars">Portuguese-Ternate wars</a> raged throughout the reigns of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Babullah_of_Ternate" title="Babullah of Ternate">Baab Ullah</a> (r. 1570–1583) and his son Sultan <a href="/wiki/Saidi_Berkat" title="Saidi Berkat">Saidi Berkat</a> (r. 1583–1606).<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp25_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp25-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Portuguese missionary work, there have been large Christian communities in eastern Indonesia through to contemporary times, which has contributed to a sense of shared interest with Europeans, particularly among the Ambonese.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp25_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp25-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_te_Saparoea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Fort_te_Saparoea.jpg/250px-Fort_te_Saparoea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Fort_te_Saparoea.jpg/330px-Fort_te_Saparoea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Fort_te_Saparoea.jpg/500px-Fort_te_Saparoea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fort_Duurstede" title="Fort Duurstede">Fort Duurstede</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saparua" title="Saparua">Saparua</a>, 1846</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch">Dutch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dutch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Portuguese_War" title="Dutch–Portuguese War">Dutch–Portuguese War</a></div> <p>The Dutch arrived in 1599 and competed with the Portuguese in the area for trade.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> in the course of <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Portuguese_War" title="Dutch–Portuguese War">Dutch–Portuguese War</a> allied with the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ternate" title="Sultanate of Ternate">Sultan of Ternate</a> and conquered <a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tidore_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidore Island">Tidore</a> in 1605, expelling the Portuguese. A Spanish counterattack from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> restored Iberian rule in parts of <a href="/wiki/North_Maluku" title="North Maluku">North Maluku</a> up to 1663. However, the Dutch monopolized the production and trade of spices through a ruthless policy. This included the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_conquest_of_the_Banda_Islands" title="Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands">genocidal conquest of the nutmeg-producing Banda Islands</a> in 1621, the <a href="/wiki/Amboyna_massacre" title="Amboyna massacre">elimination of the English in Ambon</a> in 1623, and the subordination of Ternate and Tidore in the 1650s. An anticolonial resistance movement led by a Tidore prince, the <a href="/wiki/Nuku_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuku Rebellion">Nuku Rebellion</a>, engulfed large parts of Maluku and <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Papua</a> in 1780-1810 and co-opted the British. During the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> and again in the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, British forces <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Spice_Islands" title="Invasion of the Spice Islands">captured the islands</a> in 1796–1801 and 1810, respectively, and held them until 1817. In that time they uprooted many of the spice trees for <a href="/wiki/Transplanting" title="Transplanting">transplantation</a> throughout the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Milne_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milne-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_jonge_Molukers_van_de_Tanimbar-eilanden_met_hoofdtooien_speren_en_klewangs_TMnr_10005682.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_jonge_Molukers_van_de_Tanimbar-eilanden_met_hoofdtooien_speren_en_klewangs_TMnr_10005682.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_jonge_Molukers_van_de_Tanimbar-eilanden_met_hoofdtooien_speren_en_klewangs_TMnr_10005682.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_jonge_Molukers_van_de_Tanimbar-eilanden_met_hoofdtooien_speren_en_klewangs_TMnr_10005682.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_jonge_Molukers_van_de_Tanimbar-eilanden_met_hoofdtooien_speren_en_klewangs_TMnr_10005682.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_jonge_Molukers_van_de_Tanimbar-eilanden_met_hoofdtooien_speren_en_klewangs_TMnr_10005682.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_jonge_Molukers_van_de_Tanimbar-eilanden_met_hoofdtooien_speren_en_klewangs_TMnr_10005682.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tanimbar_Islands" title="Tanimbar Islands">Tanimbar</a> warriors</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_Indonesian_independence">After Indonesian independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: After Indonesian independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the declaration of a single republic of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> in 1950 to replace the federal state, a <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_South_Maluku" title="Republic of South Maluku">Republic of South Maluku</a> (Republik Maluku Selatan, RMS) was declared and attempted to secede,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> led by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Soumokil" title="Chris Soumokil">Chris Soumokil</a> (former Supreme Prosecutor of the Eastern Indonesia state) and supported by the Moluccan members of the Netherlands <a href="/wiki/KNIL" class="mw-redirect" title="KNIL">KNIL</a> special troops. This movement was defeated by the Indonesian army and by special agreement with the Netherlands the Moluccan troops were ordered to move to the Netherlands.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Decades later, descendants of these Moluccan KNIL soldiers participated in the <a href="/wiki/1975_Dutch_train_hostage_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1975 Dutch train hostage crisis">1975 Dutch train hostage crisis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1977_Dutch_train_hijacking" title="1977 Dutch train hijacking">1977 Dutch train hijacking</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/1977_Dutch_school_hostage_crisis" title="1977 Dutch school hostage crisis">1977 Dutch school hostage crisis</a> to bring attention to their plight for an independent Republic of South Maluku. </p><p>Maluku is one of the first provinces of Indonesia, proclaimed in 1945 and lasting until 1999 when the Maluku Utara and Halmahera Tengah Regencies were split off as a separate province of <a href="/wiki/North_Maluku" title="North Maluku">North Maluku</a>. Its capital used to be <a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a>, on a small island to the west of the large island of <a href="/wiki/Halmahera" title="Halmahera">Halmahera</a>, but has been moved to <a href="/wiki/Sofifi" title="Sofifi">Sofifi</a> on Halmahera itself. The capital of the remaining part of Maluku province remains at <a href="/wiki/Ambon,_Maluku" title="Ambon, Maluku">Ambon</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1999–2003_inter-communal_conflict"><span id="1999.E2.80.932003_inter-communal_conflict"></span>1999–2003 inter-communal conflict</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1999–2003 inter-communal conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maluku_sectarian_conflict" title="Maluku sectarian conflict">Maluku sectarian conflict</a></div> <p>Religious and ethnic conflict erupted across the islands in January 1999. The subsequent 18 months were characterized by fighting between local groups of Muslims and Christians against jihadist groups from Java and the Indonesian military backing them leading to the destruction of thousands of houses, the displacement of approximately 500,000 people, the loss of thousands of lives, and the segregation of Muslims and Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Maluku Islands have a total area of 850,000 km<sup>2</sup> (330,000 sq mi), 90% of which is sea.<sup id="cite_ref-MONK_9_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MONK_9-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are an estimated 1027 islands.<sup id="cite_ref-LP818-819_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP818-819-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest two islands, <a href="/wiki/Halmahera" title="Halmahera">Halmahera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seram" class="mw-redirect" title="Seram">Seram</a>, are sparsely populated, while the most developed, <a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a>, are small.<sup id="cite_ref-LP818-819_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP818-819-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of the islands are forested and mountainous. The <a href="/wiki/Tanimbar_Islands" title="Tanimbar Islands">Tanimbar Islands</a> are dry and hilly, while the <a href="/wiki/Aru_Islands_Regency" title="Aru Islands Regency">Aru Islands</a> are flat and swampy. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Binaiya" title="Mount Binaiya">Mount Binaiya</a> (3,027 m; 9,931 ft) on Seram is the highest mountain. Several islands, such as Ternate (1,721 m; 5,646 ft) and the TNS islands, are volcanoes emerging from the sea with villages sited around their coasts. There have been over 70 serious volcanic eruptions in the last 500 years and earthquakes are common.<sup id="cite_ref-LP818-819_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP818-819-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Wallacea; upper right corner facing north. The red line denotes the western border of Wallacea. The eastern border corresponds to the light Australia–New Guinea shelf."><img alt="Map of Wallacea; upper right corner facing north. The red line denotes the western border of Wallacea. The eastern border corresponds to the light Australia–New Guinea shelf." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg/200px-L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg/300px-L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg/400px-L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of <a href="/wiki/Wallacea" title="Wallacea">Wallacea</a>; upper right corner facing north. The red line denotes the western border of Wallacea. The eastern border corresponds to the light Australia–New Guinea shelf.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ternate_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ternate Island, as seen from Halmahera"><img alt="Ternate Island, as seen from Halmahera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ternate_Island.jpg/250px-Ternate_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ternate_Island.jpg/330px-Ternate_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ternate_Island.jpg/500px-Ternate_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a> Island, as seen from Halmahera</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The geology of the Maluku Islands shares much similar history, characteristics, and processes with the neighbouring Nusa Tenggara region. There is a long history of geological study of these regions since <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Indonesian colonial times</a>; however, the geological formation and progression are not fully understood, and theories of the island's geological evolution have changed extensively in recent decades.<sup id="cite_ref-Monk_1996,_page_9_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monk_1996,_page_9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Maluku Islands comprise some of the most geologically complex and active regions in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting from their position at the meeting point of four geological plates and two continental blocks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malay_Archipelago_King_and_Twelve-wired_Birds_of_Paradise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Malay_Archipelago_King_and_Twelve-wired_Birds_of_Paradise.jpg/220px-Malay_Archipelago_King_and_Twelve-wired_Birds_of_Paradise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Malay_Archipelago_King_and_Twelve-wired_Birds_of_Paradise.jpg/330px-Malay_Archipelago_King_and_Twelve-wired_Birds_of_Paradise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Malay_Archipelago_King_and_Twelve-wired_Birds_of_Paradise.jpg/440px-Malay_Archipelago_King_and_Twelve-wired_Birds_of_Paradise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1090" data-file-height="1696" /></a><figcaption>From <i><a href="/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago" title="The Malay Archipelago">The Malay Archipelago</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Wallace" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Wallace">Alfred Wallace</a> (1869): illustration of <a href="/wiki/King_bird-of-paradise" title="King bird-of-paradise">king</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twelve-wired_bird-of-paradise" title="Twelve-wired bird-of-paradise">twelve-wired</a> birds-of-paradise by <a href="/wiki/John_Gerrard_Keulemans" title="John Gerrard Keulemans">John Gerrard Keulemans</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">Biogeographically</a>, all of the islands apart from the Aru group lie in <a href="/wiki/Wallacea" title="Wallacea">Wallacea</a>, the region between the <a href="/wiki/Sunda_Shelf" title="Sunda Shelf">Sunda Shelf</a> (part of the Asia block), and the <a href="/wiki/Arafura_Sea" title="Arafura Sea">Arafura Shelf</a> (part of the Australian block). More specifically, they lie between <a href="/wiki/Max_Carl_Wilhelm_Weber" title="Max Carl Wilhelm Weber">Weber's Line</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lydekker%27s_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydekker's Line">Lydekker's Line</a> and thus have a fauna that is rather more Australasian than Asian. Malukan biodiversity and its distribution are affected by various tectonic activities; most of the islands are geologically young, being from 1 million to 15 million years old, and have never been attached to the larger landmasses. The Maluku islands differ from other areas in Indonesia; they contain some of the country's smallest islands, coral island reefs scattered through some of the deepest seas in the world, and no large islands such as <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>. Flora and fauna immigration between islands is thus restricted, leading to a high rate of endemic biota evolving.<sup id="cite_ref-Monk_1996,_page_9_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monk_1996,_page_9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ecology of the Maluku Islands has fascinated naturalists for centuries; <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Wallace" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Wallace">Alfred Wallace</a>'s book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago" title="The Malay Archipelago">The Malay Archipelago</a></i>, was the first significant study of the area's natural history and remains an important resource for studying Indonesian biodiversity. Maluku is the subject of two major historical works of natural history by <a href="/wiki/Georg_Eberhard_Rumphius" title="Georg Eberhard Rumphius">Georg Eberhard Rumphius</a>: the <i>Herbarium Amboinense</i> and the <i>Amboinsche Rariteitkamer</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rainforest covered most of northern and central Maluku, which, on the smaller islands has been replaced by plantations, including the region's endemic <a href="/wiki/Cloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloves">cloves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">nutmeg</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Tanimbar_Islands" title="Tanimbar Islands">Tanimbar Islands</a> and other southeastern islands are arid and sparsely vegetated, much like nearby <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LP818-819_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP818-819-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997 the <a href="/wiki/Manusela_National_Park" title="Manusela National Park">Manusela National Park</a>, and in 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Aketajawe-Lolobata_National_Park" title="Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park">Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park</a>, were established, for the protection of endangered species.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Nocturnal <a href="/wiki/Marsupials" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsupials">marsupials</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Cuscus" title="Cuscus">cuscus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bandicoots" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandicoots">bandicoots</a>, make up the majority of the mammal species and introduced mammals include <a href="/wiki/Malayan_civet" title="Malayan civet">Malayan civets</a> and feral pigs.<sup id="cite_ref-LP818-819_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP818-819-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bird species include approximately 100 endemics with the greatest variety on the large islands of Halmahera and Seram. North Maluku has two species of endemic birds of paradise.<sup id="cite_ref-LP818-819_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP818-819-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uniquely among the Maluku Islands, the <a href="/wiki/Aru_Islands_Regency" title="Aru Islands Regency">Aru Islands</a> have a purely Papuan fauna including kangaroos, cassowaries, and birds of paradise.<sup id="cite_ref-LP818-819_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP818-819-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While many ecological problems affect both small islands and large landmasses, small islands suffer their particular problems. Development pressures on small islands are increasing, although their effects are not always anticipated. Although Indonesia is richly endowed with natural resources, the resources of the small islands of Maluku are limited and specialised; furthermore, human resources, in particular, are limited.<sup id="cite_ref-Monk,_1996_1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monk,_1996_1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General observations<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about small islands that can be applied to the Maluku Islands include:<sup id="cite_ref-Monk,_1996_1_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monk,_1996_1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>A higher proportion of the landmass will be affected by <a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia" title="List of volcanoes in Indonesia">volcanic activity</a>, earthquakes, landslips, and cyclone damage;</li> <li>Climates are more likely to be <a href="/wiki/Maritime_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime climate">maritime</a> influenced;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Catchment areas</a> are smaller and the degree of <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a> higher;</li> <li>A higher proportion of the landmass is made up of coastal areas;</li> <li>A higher degree of environmental specialisation, including a higher proportion of <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> species in an overall <a href="/wiki/Depauperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Depauperate">depauperate</a> community;</li> <li>Societies may retain a strong sense of culture having developed in relative isolation;</li> <li>Small island populations are more likely to be affected by economic migration.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Central and southern Maluku Islands experience the dry monsoon between October and March and the wet monsoon from May to August, which is the reverse of the rest of Indonesia. The dry monsoon's average maximum temperature is 30 °C (86 °F) while the wet's average maximum is 23 °C (73 °F). Northern Maluku has its wet monsoon from December to March in line with the rest of Indonesia. Each island group has its climatic variations, and the larger islands tend to have drier coastal lowlands and their mountainous hinterlands are wetter.<sup id="cite_ref-LP818-819_24-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP818-819-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Moluccans" title="Moluccans">Moluccans</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_100720-N-4044H-209_Capt._Lisa_M._Franchetti,_commander_of_Pacific_Partnership_2010,_embarked_aboard_the_Military_Sealift_Command_hospital_ship_USNS_Mercy_(T-AH_19).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/US_Navy_100720-N-4044H-209_Capt._Lisa_M._Franchetti%2C_commander_of_Pacific_Partnership_2010%2C_embarked_aboard_the_Military_Sealift_Command_hospital_ship_USNS_Mercy_%28T-AH_19%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/US_Navy_100720-N-4044H-209_Capt._Lisa_M._Franchetti%2C_commander_of_Pacific_Partnership_2010%2C_embarked_aboard_the_Military_Sealift_Command_hospital_ship_USNS_Mercy_%28T-AH_19%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/US_Navy_100720-N-4044H-209_Capt._Lisa_M._Franchetti%2C_commander_of_Pacific_Partnership_2010%2C_embarked_aboard_the_Military_Sealift_Command_hospital_ship_USNS_Mercy_%28T-AH_19%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>People of <a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a> during visit by hospital ship <a href="/wiki/USNS_Mercy_(T-AH-19)" class="mw-redirect" title="USNS Mercy (T-AH-19)">USNS <i>Mercy</i> (T-AH-19)</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1279587269">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>.l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (min-width:641px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{width:min-content}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Religion in Maluku Islands (December 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-RELIGION_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RELIGION-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:DarkGreen;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> 61.87 (61.9%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:DarkBlue;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> 33.4 (33.4%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Purple;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> 4.23 (4.23%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Black;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a> 0.26 (0.26%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:DarkOrange;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> 0.23 (0.23%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Yellow;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> 0.02 (0.02%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Red;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> 0.005 (0.00%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:150px;height:150px;background:Red;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Confucianism 0.005 (0.00%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie50" style="background:DarkGreen;color:#000" title="Islam 61.87 (61.9%)"></div> <div class="pie50" style="background:DarkGreen;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.119turn)" title="Islam 61.87 (61.9%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:DarkBlue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.619turn)" title="Protestantism 33.4 (33.4%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:DarkBlue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.703turn)" title="Protestantism 33.4 (33.4%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.953turn); background:Purple;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 27.01952221% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Roman Catholic 4.23 (4.23%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.995turn); background:Black;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 1.88517887% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Folk religion 0.26 (0.26%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.997turn); background:DarkOrange;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 1.25670321% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Hinduism 0.23 (0.23%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The population of Maluku Province in 2020 was 1,848,923 and that of North Maluku Province was 1,282,937.<sup id="cite_ref-BPS_SP2020_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPS_SP2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence the total population of the Maluku Islands as a region in 2020 was 3,131,860. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A long history of trade and seafaring has resulted in a high degree of mixed ancestry in Malukans.<sup id="cite_ref-LP818-819_24-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP818-819-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a> added to the native <a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesian population</a> around 2000 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melanesian features are strongest in the islands of <a href="/wiki/Kei_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Kei Islands">Kei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aru_Islands_Regency" title="Aru Islands Regency">Aru</a> and amongst the interior people of the islands <a href="/wiki/Seram" class="mw-redirect" title="Seram">Seram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buru" title="Buru">Buru</a>. Later added to this Austronesian-Melanesian mix were some Indian and Arab strain. More recent arrivals include <a href="/wiki/Bugis" title="Bugis">Bugis</a> trader settlers from Sulawesi and <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Transmigration_program" title="Transmigration program">transmigrants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LP818-819_24-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP818-819-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over 130 languages were once spoken across the islands; however, many have now switched to the <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creoles</a> of Ternate and <a href="/wiki/Ambonese_Malay" title="Ambonese Malay">Ambonese</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> of northern and southern Maluku, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-LP818-819_24-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP818-819-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Maluku Islands are divided into two <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">provinces</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maluku_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Maluku province">Maluku</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Maluku" title="North Maluku">North Maluku</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cloves and nutmeg are still cultivated, as are cocoa, coffee and fruit. Fishing is a big industry across the islands but particularly around Halmahera and <a href="/wiki/Bacan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacan">Bacan</a>. The Aru Islands produce pearls, and Seram exports <a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">lobsters</a>. Logging is a significant industry on the larger islands with Seram producing ironwood and <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a> and ebony are produced on Buru.<sup id="cite_ref-LP818-819_24-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP818-819-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_Moluccas" title="Folklore of the Moluccas">Folklore of the Moluccas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maluku" title="Governor of Maluku">Governor of Maluku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Maluku" title="List of rulers of Maluku">List of rulers of Maluku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_culture" title="Maluku culture">Maluku culture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Moluccas">"Moluccas | islands, Indonesia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Moluccas+%7C+islands%2C+Indonesia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FMoluccas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BPS_SP2020-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BPS_SP2020_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BPS_SP2020_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/12/2131/1/jumlah-penduduk-hasil-sp2020-menurut-wilayah-dan-jenis-kelamin.html">"Jumlah Penduduk Hasil SP2020 menurut Wilayah dan Jenis Kelamin (Orang), 2020"</a> (in Indonesian). Badan Pusat Statistik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128022505/https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/12/2131/1/jumlah-penduduk-hasil-sp2020-menurut-wilayah-dan-jenis-kelamin.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jumlah+Penduduk+Hasil+SP2020+menurut+Wilayah+dan+Jenis+Kelamin+%28Orang%29%2C+2020&rft.pub=Badan+Pusat+Statistik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bps.go.id%2Findicator%2F12%2F2131%2F1%2Fjumlah-penduduk-hasil-sp2020-menurut-wilayah-dan-jenis-kelamin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonelyplanet.com/indonesia/maluku-moluccas">"Welcome to Maluku"</a>. Lonely Planet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801201734/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/indonesia/maluku-moluccas">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Maluku&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Findonesia%2Fmaluku-moluccas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irja.org/anthro/malmel.htm">IRJA.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090414051629/http://www.irja.org/anthro/malmel.htm">Archived</a> 14 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1999/ambon/amron-03.htm#P162_35087">"IV. THE CONFLICT"</a>. <i>Indonesia:The Violence in Ambon</i>. Human Rights Watch. March 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indonesia%3AThe+Violence+in+Ambon&rft.atitle=IV.+THE+CONFLICT&rft.date=1999-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Flegacy%2Freports%2F1999%2Fambon%2Famron-03.htm%23P162_35087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonard Andaya 1993 <i>The world of Maluku</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pg. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPigeaud1960c" class="citation book cs1">Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas (1960c). <i>Java in the 14th Century: A Study in Cultural History, Volume III: Translations</i> (3rd revised ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-011-8772-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-011-8772-5"><bdi>978-94-011-8772-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Java+in+the+14th+Century%3A+A+Study+in+Cultural+History%2C+Volume+III%3A+Translations&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.edition=3rd+revised&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-94-011-8772-5&rft.aulast=Pigeaud&rft.aufirst=Theodoor+Gautier+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPigeaud1962" class="citation book cs1">Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas (1962). <i>Java in the 14th Century: A Study in Cultural History, Volume IV: Commentaries and Recapitulations</i> (3rd revised ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-017-7133-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-017-7133-7"><bdi>978-94-017-7133-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Java+in+the+14th+Century%3A+A+Study+in+Cultural+History%2C+Volume+IV%3A+Commentaries+and+Recapitulations&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.edition=3rd+revised&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=978-94-017-7133-7&rft.aulast=Pigeaud&rft.aufirst=Theodoor+Gautier+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonard Andaya (1993), <i>The world of Maluku</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmal2016" class="citation book cs1">Amal, Muhammad A. (2016). <i>Kepulauan Rempah-rempah</i>. Jakarta: Gramedia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-6024241667" title="Special:BookSources/978-6024241667"><bdi>978-6024241667</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kepulauan+Rempah-rempah&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Gramedia&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-6024241667&rft.aulast=Amal&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alaidrus_Anggoro_2021-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alaidrus_Anggoro_2021_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlaidrusAnggoro2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alaidrus, Shariva; Anggoro, Febrianto Budi (14 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ambon.antaranews.com/berita/99094/pameran-cagar-budaya-di-ambon-pamerkan-arca-majapahit-ditemukan-di-ternate">"Pameran Cagar Budaya di Ambon pamerkan arca Majapahit ditemukan di Ternate"</a>. <i>Antara News</i> (in Indonesian). Ambon, Maluku. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118183255/https://ambon.antaranews.com/berita/99094/pameran-cagar-budaya-di-ambon-pamerkan-arca-majapahit-ditemukan-di-ternate">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Antara+News&rft.atitle=Pameran+Cagar+Budaya+di+Ambon+pamerkan+arca+Majapahit+ditemukan+di+Ternate&rft.date=2021-06-14&rft.aulast=Alaidrus&rft.aufirst=Shariva&rft.au=Anggoro%2C+Febrianto+Budi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fambon.antaranews.com%2Fberita%2F99094%2Fpameran-cagar-budaya-di-ambon-pamerkan-arca-majapahit-ditemukan-di-ternate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLape2000" class="citation journal cs1">Lape, P. V. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090923093746/https://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/237/227">"Contact and Colonialism in the Banda Islands, Maluku, Indonesia"</a>. <i>Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Bulletin</i>. Maluku Papers. <b>4</b> (20): <span class="nowrap">2–</span>3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/237/227">the original</a> on 23 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indo-Pacific+Prehistory+Association+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Contact+and+Colonialism+in+the+Banda+Islands%2C+Maluku%2C+Indonesia&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Lape&rft.aufirst=P.+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fejournal.anu.edu.au%2Findex.php%2Fbippa%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F237%2F227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riyani_2017-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Riyani_2017_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiyani2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Riyani, Utami Evi (21 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travel.okezone.com/read/2017/07/21/406/1741197/terungkap-sejarah-hubungan-bali-dan-kepulauan-kei-yang-tak-banyak-diketahui-orang">"TERUNGKAP! Sejarah Hubungan Bali dan Kepulauan Kei yang Tak Banyak Diketahui Orang : Okezone Travel"</a>. <i>travel.okezone.com/</i> (in Indonesian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118080555/https://travel.okezone.com/read/2017/07/21/406/1741197/terungkap-sejarah-hubungan-bali-dan-kepulauan-kei-yang-tak-banyak-diketahui-orang">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=travel.okezone.com%2F&rft.atitle=TERUNGKAP%21+Sejarah+Hubungan+Bali+dan+Kepulauan+Kei+yang+Tak+Banyak+Diketahui+Orang+%3A+Okezone+Travel&rft.date=2017-07-21&rft.aulast=Riyani&rft.aufirst=Utami+Evi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftravel.okezone.com%2Fread%2F2017%2F07%2F21%2F406%2F1741197%2Fterungkap-sejarah-hubungan-bali-dan-kepulauan-kei-yang-tak-banyak-diketahui-orang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Purbawidya_2018_pp._53–70-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Purbawidya_2018_pp._53–70_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAl_Mujabuddawat2018" class="citation journal cs1">Al Mujabuddawat, Muhammad (1 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purbawidya.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/jurnal/article/view/P7%281%292018-4">"Jejak Kedatangan Utusan Majapahit di Pulau Ambon"</a>. <i>PURBAWIDYA: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Arkeologi</i>. <b>7</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">53–</span>70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24164%2Fpw.v7i1.254">10.24164/pw.v7i1.254</a></span> (inactive 29 January 2025). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2528-3618">2528-3618</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:135373280">135373280</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220729132000/http://purbawidya.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/jurnal/article/view/P7%281%292018-4">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PURBAWIDYA%3A+Jurnal+Penelitian+Dan+Pengembangan+Arkeologi&rft.atitle=Jejak+Kedatangan+Utusan+Majapahit+di+Pulau+Ambon&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A135373280%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2528-3618&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.24164%2Fpw.v7i1.254&rft.aulast=Al+Mujabuddawat&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpurbawidya.kemdikbud.go.id%2Findex.php%2Fjurnal%2Farticle%2Fview%2FP7%25281%25292018-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2025 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_January_2025" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2025">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RICKLEFSp26-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFSp26_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRicklefs1991" class="citation book cs1">Ricklefs, M. C. (1991). <i>A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300</i> (2nd ed.). London: MacMillan. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-57689-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-57689-6"><bdi>0-333-57689-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Indonesia+Since+c.1300&rft.place=London&rft.pages=26&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-333-57689-6&rft.aulast=Ricklefs&rft.aufirst=M.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLach1994" class="citation book cs1">Lach, D. F. (1994). <i>Asia in the Making of Europe: The Century of Discovery</i>. Vol. 1. Chicago University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+in+the+Making+of+Europe%3A+The+Century+of+Discovery&rft.pub=Chicago+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Lach&rft.aufirst=D.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbendanonHeawood1919" class="citation journal cs1">Abendanon, E. C.; Heawood, E. (December 1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1449308">"Missing Links in the Development of the Ancient Portuguese Cartography of the Netherlands East Indian Archipelago"</a>. <i>The Geographical Journal</i>. <b>54</b> (6). Blackwell Publishing: <span class="nowrap">347–</span>355. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1919GeogJ..54..347A">1919GeogJ..54..347A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1779411">10.2307/1779411</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1779411">1779411</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728185005/https://zenodo.org/record/1449308">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Geographical+Journal&rft.atitle=Missing+Links+in+the+Development+of+the+Ancient+Portuguese+Cartography+of+the+Netherlands+East+Indian+Archipelago&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E347-%3C%2Fspan%3E355&rft.date=1919-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1779411%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1779411&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1919GeogJ..54..347A&rft.aulast=Abendanon&rft.aufirst=E.+C.&rft.au=Heawood%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1449308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RICKLEFSp24-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFSp24_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFSp24_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRicklefs1991" class="citation book cs1">Ricklefs, M. C. (1991). <i>A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300</i> (2nd ed.). London: MacMillan. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-57689-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-57689-6"><bdi>0-333-57689-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Indonesia+Since+c.1300&rft.place=London&rft.pages=24&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-333-57689-6&rft.aulast=Ricklefs&rft.aufirst=M.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RICKLEFSp25-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFSp25_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFSp25_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRicklefs1991" class="citation book cs1">Ricklefs, M. C. (1991). <i>A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300</i> (2nd ed.). London: MacMillan. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-57689-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-57689-6"><bdi>0-333-57689-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Indonesia+Since+c.1300&rft.place=London&rft.pages=25&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-333-57689-6&rft.aulast=Ricklefs&rft.aufirst=M.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Maluku">"Maluku | province, Indonesia | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Maluku+%7C+province%2C+Indonesia+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FMaluku&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Milne-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Milne_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMilne2011" class="citation news cs1">Milne, Peter (16 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/01/16/banda-nutmeg-treasure-islands.html">"Banda, the nutmeg treasure islands"</a>. <i>Jakarta Post</i>. Jakarta. pp. <span class="nowrap">10–</span>11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022221657/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/01/16/banda-nutmeg-treasure-islands.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2011</span>. <q>But the economic importance of the Bandas was only fleeting. With the Napoleonic wars raging across Europe, the British returned to the Bandas in the early 19th century, temporarily taking over control from the Dutch. The English uprooted hundreds of valuable nutmeg seedlings and transport them to their own colonies in Ceylon and Singapore, breaking the Dutch monopoly and consigning the Bandas to economic decline.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jakarta+Post&rft.atitle=Banda%2C+the+nutmeg+treasure+islands&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E10-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.date=2011-01-16&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F01%2F16%2Fbanda-nutmeg-treasure-islands.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/806862.stm">"Troubled history of the Moluccas"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 26 June 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225075042/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/806862.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Troubled+history+of+the+Moluccas&rft.date=2000-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F806862.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MONK_9-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MONK_9_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMonkde_FretesReksodiharjo-Lilley1996" class="citation book cs1">Monk, K. A.; de Fretes, Y.; Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. (1996). <i>The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku</i>. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/962-593-076-0" title="Special:BookSources/962-593-076-0"><bdi>962-593-076-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecology+of+Nusa+Tenggara+and+Maluku&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Periplus+Editions+Ltd.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=962-593-076-0&rft.aulast=Monk&rft.aufirst=K.+A.&rft.au=de+Fretes%2C+Y.&rft.au=Reksodiharjo-Lilley%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LP818-819-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LP818-819_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LP818-819_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LP818-819_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LP818-819_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LP818-819_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LP818-819_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LP818-819_24-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LP818-819_24-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LP818-819_24-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LP818-819_24-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LP818-819_24-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LP818-819_24-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWitton2003" class="citation book cs1">Witton, Patrick (2003). <i>Indonesia</i>. Melbourne: Lonely Planet. p. 818. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-74059-154-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-74059-154-2"><bdi>1-74059-154-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesia&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=818&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-74059-154-2&rft.aulast=Witton&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monk_1996,_page_9-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Monk_1996,_page_9_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monk_1996,_page_9_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monk (1996), page 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMonkFretesReksodiharjo-Lilley1996" class="citation book cs1">Monk, K. A.; Fretes, Y.; Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. (1996). <i>The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku</i>. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/962-593-076-0" title="Special:BookSources/962-593-076-0"><bdi>962-593-076-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecology+of+Nusa+Tenggara+and+Maluku&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Periplus+Editions+Ltd.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=962-593-076-0&rft.aulast=Monk&rft.aufirst=K.+A.&rft.au=Fretes%2C+Y.&rft.au=Reksodiharjo-Lilley%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMonkFretesReksodiharjo-Lilley1996" class="citation book cs1">Monk, K. A.; Fretes, Y.; Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. (1996). <i>The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku</i>. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/962-593-076-0" title="Special:BookSources/962-593-076-0"><bdi>962-593-076-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecology+of+Nusa+Tenggara+and+Maluku&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Periplus+Editions+Ltd.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=962-593-076-0&rft.aulast=Monk&rft.aufirst=K.+A.&rft.au=Fretes%2C+Y.&rft.au=Reksodiharjo-Lilley%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monk,_1996_1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Monk,_1996_1_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monk,_1996_1_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMonkFretesReksodiharjo-Lilley1996" class="citation book cs1">Monk, K. A.; Fretes, Y.; Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. (1996). <i>The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku</i>. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/962-593-076-0" title="Special:BookSources/962-593-076-0"><bdi>962-593-076-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecology+of+Nusa+Tenggara+and+Maluku&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Periplus+Editions+Ltd.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=962-593-076-0&rft.aulast=Monk&rft.aufirst=K.+A.&rft.au=Fretes%2C+Y.&rft.au=Reksodiharjo-Lilley%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beller, W., P. d'Ayala, and P. Hein. 1990. <i>Sustainable development and environmental management of small islands</i>. Paris and New Jersey: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation and Parthenon Publishing Group Inc. (cited in Monk)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hess, A. (1990). "Overview: sustainable development and environmental management of small islands". In <i>Sustainable development and environmental management of small islands</i>. eds W. Beller, P. d'Ayala, and P. Hein, Paris and New Jersey: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation and Parthenon Publishing Group Inc. (cited in Monk)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RELIGION-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RELIGION_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama">"Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama"</a> (in Indonesian). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Religious_Affairs_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)">Ministry of Religious Affairs</a>. 31 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2023</span>. <q>Muslim 241 Million (87), Christianity 29.1 Million (10.5), Hindu 4.69 million (1.7), Buddhist 2.02 million (0.7), Folk, Confucianism, and others 192.311 (0.1), Total 277.749.673 Million</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jumlah+Penduduk+Menurut+Agama&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Religious+Affairs&rft.date=2022-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsatudata.kemenag.go.id%2Fdataset%2Fdetail%2Fjumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2003" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indonesiapeoples00tayl"><i>Indonesia: Peoples and Histories</i></a></span>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indonesiapeoples00tayl/page/n27">5</a>–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10518-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10518-5"><bdi>0-300-10518-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesia%3A+Peoples+and+Histories&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pages=5-7&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-300-10518-5&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jean+Gelman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findonesiapeoples00tayl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Andaya, Leonard Y. (1993). <i>The World of Maluku: Eastern Indonesia in the Early Modern Period</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-1490-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-1490-8">0-8248-1490-8</a>.</li> <li>Bellwood, Peter (1997). <i>Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian archipelago</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-1883-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-1883-0">0-8248-1883-0</a>.</li> <li>Donkin, R. A. (1997). <i>Between East and West: The Moluccas and the Traffic in Spices Up to the Arrival of Europeans</i>. American Philosophical Society. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87169-248-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87169-248-1">0-87169-248-1</a>.</li> <li>Milton, Giles (1999). <i>Nathaniel's Nutmeg</i>. London: Sceptre. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-340-69676-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-340-69676-7">978-0-340-69676-7</a>.</li> <li>Monk, Kathryn A., Yance De Fretes, Gayatri Reksodiharjo-Lilley (1997). <i>The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku</i>. Singapore: Periplus Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/962-593-076-0" title="Special:BookSources/962-593-076-0">962-593-076-0</a>.</li> <li>Van Oosterzee, Penny (1997). <i>Where Worlds Collide: The Wallace Line</i>. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-8497-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-8497-9">0-8014-8497-9</a>.</li> <li>Wallace, Alfred Russel (2000) [1869]. <i>The Malay Archipelago</i>. Singapore: Periplus Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/962-593-645-9" title="Special:BookSources/962-593-645-9">962-593-645-9</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bergreen, Laurence (2003). <i>Over the Edge of the World</i>. Morrow.</li> <li>Campo, Antonio; Juan Carlos Rey y Marco Ramerini (2022). <i>The Fortresses of the Molucas Islands</i> <span class="languageicon">(in English and Spanish)</span>. Belagua Ediciones. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-124434-2-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-124434-2-4">978-84-124434-2-4</a>.</li> <li>Miller, George, ed. (1996). <i>To the Spice Islands and Beyond: Travels in Eastern Indonesia</i>. Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/967-65-3099-9" title="Special:BookSources/967-65-3099-9">967-65-3099-9</a>.</li> <li>Muller, Dr. Kal (1990). <i>Spice Islands: The Moluccas</i>. Periplus Editions. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-945971-07-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-945971-07-9">0-945971-07-9</a>.</li> <li>Salonia, Matteo (November 2022). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/08438714221123468">Encompassing the Earth: Magellan's Voyage from Its Political Context to Its Expansion of Knowledge</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Maritime_History" title="International Journal of Maritime History">International Journal of Maritime History</a></i> <b>34</b>(4). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F08438714221123468">10.1177/08438714221123468</a>.</li> <li>Severin, Tim (1997). <i>The Spice Island Voyage: In Search of Wallace</i>. Abacus. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-349-11040-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-349-11040-9">0-349-11040-9</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Moluccas" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Moluccas">Moluccas</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/120px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Maluku_Islands#Q3827" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Moluccas"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Moluccas">"Moluccas" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Moluccas&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaluku+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175557/http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Rainforest/mol_Intro.html">Deforestation in the Moluccas</a> (archived 3 March 2016)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210250/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/spainmoluccas.html">The Spanish presence in the Moluccas: Ternate and Tidore</a> (archived 3 March 2016)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.lnu.se/index.php/hn/article/view/389/336">Trajectories of the early-modern kingdoms in eastern Indonesia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redlandsfortnightly.org/papers/Moersch01.htm">"Spices of Life, Death and History"</a>—An interesting article linking British possession of Run, a Banda Island, with the history of New York]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colonialvoyage.com/documentary-about-moluccas-the-spice-odyssey-the-moluccas-islands/">Documentary About Moluccas: The Spice Odyssey – The Moluccas Islands</a>—An interesting article about the Iberian presence in the Moluccas with a documentary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/460">Map of a Part of China, the Philippine Islands, the Isles of Sunda, the Moluccas, the Papuans</a> from 1760 <span class="languageicon">(in English and French)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maluku_Islands71" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maluku-islands" title="Template:Maluku-islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maluku-islands" title="Template talk:Maluku-islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maluku-islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maluku-islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maluku_Islands71" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maluku Islands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Maluku" title="North Maluku">North Maluku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacan_Islands" title="Bacan Islands">Bacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmahera" title="Halmahera">Halmahera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayoa" title="Kayoa">Kayoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Island" title="Moti Island">Moti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makian" title="Makian">Makian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morotai" class="mw-redirect" title="Morotai">Morotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi_Islands" title="Obi Islands">Obi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sula_Islands_Regency" title="Sula Islands Regency">Sula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maluku_(province)" title="Maluku (province)">Maluku province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambelau" title="Ambelau">Ambelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aru_Islands_Regency" title="Aru Islands Regency">Aru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boano" title="Boano">Boano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buru" title="Buru">Buru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babar_Islands" title="Babar Islands">Babar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Islands" title="Banda Islands">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damar_Island" title="Damar Island">Damar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorong_archipelago" title="Gorong archipelago">Gorong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruku_Island" title="Haruku Island">Haruku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kai_Islands" title="Kai Islands">Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelang" title="Kelang">Kelang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisar" title="Kisar">Kisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leti_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Leti Islands">Leti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liran" title="Liran">Liran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipa" title="Manipa">Manipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuk" title="Manuk">Manuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moa_(island)" title="Moa (island)">Moa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Nila" title="Mount Nila">Nila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusa_Laut" title="Nusa Laut">Nusa Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romang_(island)" title="Romang (island)">Romang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saparua" title="Saparua">Saparua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seram_Island" title="Seram Island">Seram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Serua" title="Mount Serua">Serua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanimbar_Islands" title="Tanimbar Islands">Tanimbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayandu_Islands" title="Tayandu Islands">Tayandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watubela_archipelago" title="Watubela archipelago">Watubela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetar" title="Wetar">Wetar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_of_Indonesia764" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Template:Provinces of Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Provinces of Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_Indonesia764" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">Provinces of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Indonesia" title="Capital of Indonesia">Capital</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> (<i>current</i>) • <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(city)" title="Nusantara (city)">Nusantara</a> (<i>under construction</i>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Belitung_Islands" title="Bangka Belitung Islands">Bangka Belitung Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengkulu" title="Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi" title="Jambi">Jambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung" title="Lampung">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riau_Islands" title="Riau Islands">Riau Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sumatra" title="South Sumatra">South Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Garuda Pancasila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/60px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/90px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/120px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Special Region of Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Region_of_Yogyakarta" title="Special Region of Yogyakarta">Special Region of Yogyakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Kalimantan" title="Central Kalimantan">Central Kalimantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Kalimantan" title="East Kalimantan">East Kalimantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Kalimantan" title="North Kalimantan">North Kalimantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kalimantan" title="South Kalimantan">South Kalimantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Kalimantan" title="West Kalimantan">West Kalimantan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Nusa_Tenggara" title="East Nusa Tenggara">East Nusa Tenggara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Nusa_Tenggara" title="West Nusa Tenggara">West Nusa Tenggara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Sulawesi" title="Central Sulawesi">Central Sulawesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo" title="Gorontalo">Gorontalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sulawesi" title="North Sulawesi">North Sulawesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi" title="South Sulawesi">South Sulawesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Sulawesi" title="Southeast Sulawesi">Southeast Sulawesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sulawesi" title="West Sulawesi">West Sulawesi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maluku Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_(province)" title="Maluku (province)">Maluku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Maluku" title="North Maluku">North Maluku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Western New Guinea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Region_of_Surakarta" title="Special Region of Surakarta">Special Region of Surakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Sumatra" title="Central Sumatra">Central Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor_(province)" title="East Timor (province)">East Timor</a> (<i>de facto</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Lists by</b> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_governors_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current governors in Indonesia">Current governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_GDP" title="List of Indonesian provinces by GDP">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_GRP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indonesian provinces by GRP per capita">GRP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index">HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_highest_point" title="List of Indonesian provinces by highest point">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_poverty_rate" title="List of Indonesian provinces by poverty rate">Poverty rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:ID" title="ISO 3166-2:ID">ISO codes</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portuguese_Empire461" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template talk:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portuguese_Empire461" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_Africa461" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1415–1640</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1458–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Alcácer Ceguer <span style="font-size: 85%;">(El Qsar es Seghir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Asilah" title="Portuguese Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Tangier" title="Portuguese Tangier">Tangier</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1485–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size: 85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1487–16th century</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ouadane" title="Ouadane">Ouadane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1488–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Safi,_Morocco" title="Safi, Morocco">Safim <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Safi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1489</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Graciosa_fortress" title="Graciosa fortress">Graciosa</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Agadir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Mogador <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Essaouira)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Souira_Guedima" title="Souira Guedima">Aguz <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Souira Guedima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1769</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size: 85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1513–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azamor <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Azemmour)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mehdya,_Morocco" title="Mehdya, Morocco">São João da Mamora <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Mehdya)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1577–1589</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Asilah" title="Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)"><img alt="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/300px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/450px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/600px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Sub-Saharan_Africa461" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sub-Saharan Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1455–1633</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguim</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1462–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1470–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_Island" title="São Tomé Island">São Tomé</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Príncipe">Príncipe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1474–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Annob%C3%B3n" title="Annobón">Annobón</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1478–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Fernando Poo <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Bioko)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1637</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Elmina" title="Elmina">Elmina <span style="font-size: 85%;">(São Jorge da Mina)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1642</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Gold_Coast" title="Portuguese Gold Coast">Portuguese Gold Coast</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1540</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1630</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Malindi" title="Malindi">Malindi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1501–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1502–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1503–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1512</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Quíloa <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Kilwa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1511</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1508–1547<sup><small>2</small></sup></td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1578</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1575–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Cacheu" title="Cacheu">Cacheu</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1593–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1645–1888</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ziguinchor" title="Ziguinchor">Ziguinchor</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_de_Ajud%C3%A1" title="Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá">São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1687–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1728–1729</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1753–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1879–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1885–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cabinda_Province" title="Cabinda Province">Portuguese Congo</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> from 1753.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Or 1600.</li><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> A factory (<a href="/wiki/Anosy" title="Anosy">Anosy Region</a>) and small temporary coastal bases.</li><li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> from 1879.</li><li><sup><small>5</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a> from the 1920s.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Middle_East_&#91;Persian_Gulf&#93;461" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Middle East [Persian Gulf]</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1615</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Gamru <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Bandar Abbas)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1507–1643</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Sohar" title="Sohar">Sohar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ormus" title="Ormus">Hormuz <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Ormus)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qurayyat,_Oman" title="Qurayyat, Oman">Quriyat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qalhat" title="Qalhat">Qalhat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1650</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Barka,_Oman" title="Barka, Oman">Barka</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1633?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1602</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Muharraq" title="Muharraq">Muharraq</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a>)</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1529?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521?–1551?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Tarout_Island" title="Tarout Island">Tarut Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1550–1551</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muttrah" title="Muttrah">Matrah</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1620–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khor_Fakkan" title="Khor Fakkan">Khor Fakkan</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Seeb" title="Seeb">As Sib</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qeshm_Island" title="Qeshm Island">Qeshm</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khasab" title="Khasab">Khasab</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Al_Badiyah" title="Al Badiyah">Libedia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba">Kalba</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madha" title="Madha">Madha</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dibba_Al-Hisn" title="Dibba Al-Hisn">Dibba Al-Hisn</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kong,_Iran" title="Kong, Iran">Bandar-e Kong</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_Asia461" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1545</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Laccadive Islands<br /><span style="font-size: 85%;">(Lakshadweep)</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1500–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochim <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Kochi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1501–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Cannanore <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Kannur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1502–1658<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1659–1661</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon<br /><span style="font-size: 85%;">(Coulão / Kollam)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1502–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pallippuram,_Ernakulam" title="Pallippuram, Ernakulam">Pallipuram <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Cochin de Cima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1507–1657</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Negapatam" title="Portuguese Negapatam">Negapatam <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Nagapatnam)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1510–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1512–1525<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1750</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut<br /><span style="font-size: 85%;">(Kozhikode)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1518–1619</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pulicat" title="Pulicat">Portuguese Paliacate outpost <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Pulicat)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1521–1740</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1523–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1528–1666</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Chittagong<br /><span style="font-size: 85%;">(Porto Grande De Bengala)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaliyam" title="Chaliyam">Chalé</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1601</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Mumbai)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535–1739</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Baçaím <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Vasai-Virar)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1536–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Cranganore <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Kodungallur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1540–1612</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1548–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Thoothukudi" title="Thoothukudi">Tuticorin <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Thoothukudi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1559–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1568–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1579–1632</td><td><a href="/wiki/Hugli-Chuchura" title="Hugli-Chuchura">Hugli</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1598–1610</td><td><a href="/wiki/Machilipatnam" title="Machilipatnam">Masulipatnam <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Machilipatnam)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1521</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon" title="Portuguese Ceylon">Portuguese Ceylon <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Sri Lanka)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1558–1573</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1687–1749</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1779–1954</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="East_Asia_and_Oceania461" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">East Asia and Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1511–1641</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a> [Malaysia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1621</td><td> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maluku</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1522–1575</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1576–1605</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1650</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1665</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1859</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Larantuka" title="Kingdom of Larantuka">Larantuka</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a> [China]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1580–1586</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Nagasaki" title="Portuguese Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> [Japan]</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1642–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>)</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese Macau</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1864–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1851–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1890–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ilha_Verde" title="Ilha Verde">Ilha Verde</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>20th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese Macau </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1938–1941</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Lapa and Montanha <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Hengqin)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> 1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">invasion by Indonesia</a>. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_America_and_North_Atlantic461" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America and North Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b> [Atlantic islands]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1420</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></b></i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1432</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b> [Canada]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Terra Nova <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Newfoundland)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1516–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_America_and_Caribbean461" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America and Caribbean</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1549</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_Colonies_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy Colonies of Brazil">Captaincy Colonies of Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1549–1572</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Bahia" title="Governorate General of Bahia">Bahia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1607</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1621–1815</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_Brazil" title="State of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1536–1620</td><td> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1751</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_(colonial)" title="State of Maranhão (colonial)">Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1777</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Colonia del Sacramento">Nova Colónia do Sacramento</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1751–1772</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão">Grão-Pará and Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Rio_Negro" title="State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro">Grão-Pará and Rio Negro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_and_Piau%C3%AD" title="State of Maranhão and Piauí">Maranhão and Piauí</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1808–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cisplatina" title="Cisplatina">Cisplatina <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Uruguay)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1809–1817</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Portuguese Guiana <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Amapá)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peru" title="Upper Peru">Upper Peru <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Bolivia)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Portuguese_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of Portuguese colonies">Armorial of Portuguese colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Evolution of the Portuguese Empire">Evolution of the Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese colonial architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_the_Portuguese_discovery_of_Australia" title="Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia">Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dutch_colonial_empire25" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dutch_colonies" title="Template:Dutch colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dutch_colonies" title="Template talk:Dutch colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dutch_colonial_empire25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch colonial empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company_(1602–1798)25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> (1602–1798)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governorate General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Ambon" title="Governorate of Ambon">Ambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_Banda_Islands" title="Governorate of the Banda Islands">Banda Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Celebes" title="Dutch Celebes">Celebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Ceylon" title="Dutch Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Coromandel" title="Dutch Coromandel">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Formosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Malacca</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Dutch">Moluccas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semarang#History" title="Semarang">Northeast coast of Java</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Directorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Suratte" title="Dutch Suratte">Suratte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commandments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banten_(town)" title="Banten (town)">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malabar" title="Dutch Malabar">Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">West coast of Sumatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Residency_(administrative_division)" title="Residency (administrative division)">Residencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banten_(town)" title="Banten (town)">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjarmasin" title="Banjarmasin">Banjarmasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirebon" title="Cirebon">Cheribon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Malang" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Malang">Malang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parahyangan" title="Parahyangan">Preanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontianak,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontianak, Indonesia">Pontianak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opperhoofd" title="Opperhoofd">Opperhoofd</a> settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dejima" title="Dejima">Dejima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Mauritius" title="Dutch Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom#Contacts_with_the_West" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Timor" title="West Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh%E2%80%93Nguy%E1%BB%85n_War" title="Trịnh–Nguyễn War">Vietnam (1637–1643)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company_(1621–1792)25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> (1621–1792)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies in the Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Brazil" title="Dutch Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_(Dutch_colony)" title="Cayenne (Dutch colony)">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçao and Dependencies">Curaçao and Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara" title="Demerara">Demerara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essequibo_(colony)" title="Essequibo (colony)">Essequibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeroon_(colony)" title="Pomeroon (colony)">Pomeroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSS_islands" title="SSS islands">Sint Eustatius and Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Virgin_Islands" title="Dutch Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading posts in Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast" title="Dutch Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Loango-Angola" title="Dutch Loango-Angola">Loango-Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegambia_(Dutch_West_India_Company)" title="Senegambia (Dutch West India Company)">Senegambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Slave_Coast" title="Dutch Slave Coast">Slave Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Berbice" title="Society of Berbice">Society of Berbice</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Suriname" title="Society of Suriname">Society of Suriname</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Settlements_of_the_Noordsche_Compagnie_(1614–1642)25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Settlements of the <a href="/wiki/Noordsche_Compagnie" title="Noordsche Compagnie">Noordsche Compagnie</a> (1614–1642)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Settlements11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smeerenburg" title="Smeerenburg">Smeerenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands_(1815–1975)25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> (1815–1975)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1825</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Coromandel" title="Dutch Coromandel">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Suratte" title="Dutch Suratte">Suratte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1853</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dejima" title="Dejima">Dejima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1872</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast" title="Dutch Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1954</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçao and Dependencies">Curaçao and Dependencies</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1962</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_New_Guinea" title="Dutch New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> <span class="wrap">Became <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands#Constituent_countries" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">constituent countries</a> of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; <a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a> gained <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">full independence</a> in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a>, which was eventually dissolved in 2010.</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3827#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1090" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3827#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1090" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3827#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/262243501">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhxjv9wKXtjHGvGxh8DMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4074944-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629352">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Moluky (Malajské souostroví : souostroví)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge137995&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/2d6d5eed-00bd-465c-a027-d5fed6afeaa7">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&oldid=1282027419">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&oldid=1282027419</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maluku_Islands" title="Category:Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Molucca_Sea" title="Category:Molucca Sea">Molucca Sea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archipelagoes_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Archipelagoes of Indonesia">Archipelagoes of Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archipelagoes_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Category:Archipelagoes of Southeast Asia">Archipelagoes of Southeast Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Category:Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Melanesia" title="Category:Geography of Melanesia">Geography of Melanesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Category:Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_Portuguese_colonies" title="Category:Former Portuguese colonies">Former Portuguese colonies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_Spanish_colonies" title="Category:Former Spanish colonies">Former Spanish colonies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portuguese_colonialism_in_Indonesia" title="Category:Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia">Portuguese colonialism in Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_East_Indies" title="Category:Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wallacea" title="Category:Wallacea">Wallacea</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Indonesian-language_sources_(id)" title="Category:CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)">CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_January_2025" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2025">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2015" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2015">Use dmy dates from September 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_February_2025" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2025">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2010" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2010">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)">Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 March 2025, at 21:27<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maluku_Islands&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Maluku Islands</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>98 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65585cc8dc-b7gq6","wgBackendResponseTime":186,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.038","walltime":"1.328","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11828,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":297159,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":17641,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":189816,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1126.050 1 -total"," 18.69% 210.406 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.58% 141.615 1 Template:Infobox_islands"," 11.26% 126.765 1 Template:Infobox"," 11.01% 123.986 1 Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire"," 10.72% 120.726 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 8.96% 100.873 2 Template:In_lang"," 7.41% 83.487 26 Template:Aligned_table"," 6.95% 78.254 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.17% 69.506 2 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.564","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":29992701,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"value too small\t0.019997000449933\t[[Buddhism]] 0.02 (0.02%)\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-65585cc8dc-d6dtg","timestamp":"20250401040758","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Maluku Islands","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maluku_Islands","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3827","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3827","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-05-04T10:21:48Z","dateModified":"2025-03-23T21:27:04Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f5\/Maluku_Islands_en.png","headline":"archipelago in eastern Indonesia, also called the Spice Islands"}</script> </body> </html>