'챗GPT 시대'에 배운다는 의미는 뭔가

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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109050355/https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=" target="_blank"><i class="icon-linkedin"></i></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:increaseFontsize('20230106155328');"><img src="/web/20230109050355im_/https://zdnet.co.kr/images/txt_bt1.gif" alt=""></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:decreaseFontsize('20230106155328');"><img src="/web/20230109050355im_/https://zdnet.co.kr/images/txt_bt2.gif" alt=""></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:article_print('20230106155328')"><img src="/web/20230109050355im_/https://zdnet.co.kr/images/print_bt.gif" alt=""></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="cont_ad_box"> <iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109050355if_/https://adv.zdnet.co.kr/RealMedia/ads/adstream_sx.ads/zdnet.co.kr/zd@Position1" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" width="700" height="20" frameborder="0"></iframe> </div>  <div class="view_cont" id="articleBody" itemprop="articleBody"> <div id="content-20230106155328" style="font-size: 16px;">  <figure class="view_cont_img align_left"> <span class="img"><img src="/web/20230109050355im_/https://zdnet.co.kr/Include2/user/pic/reporter/sereno2@zdnet.co.kr.jpg?ver=20210616" alt="" style="width:190px;height:auto"></span> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure>  <p>네이버 국어사전은 지식(知識)을 ‘어떤 대상에 대하여 배우거나 실천을 통하여 알게 된 명확한 인식이나 이해’라고 정의한다. 인간의 지식은 자신의 직접 경험과 각종 매체로 전달되는 타인의 경험을 배움으로써 축적된다. 배움은 지식에 관한 핵심 키워드다. 배움 없이 지식은 존재하지 않는다. 그런데 배움이 없어도 약간의 돈 만 지불하면 세상 모든 지식을 내 것으로 삼는 시대가 온다면 어떻게 될까.</p> <p>최근 엄청난 열풍을 일으키고 있는 챗GPT(ChatGPT)는 이런 질문을 하지 않을 수 없게 만든다. 챗GPT는 오픈AI가 개발한 인공지능 챗봇이다. 지난해 11월 30일에 공개됐는데 5일 만에 시범서비스 사용자 수가 100만 명을 돌파했다. 100만 명을 돌파하는데 넷플릭스가 3.5년 걸리고 페이스북이 10개월 걸린 것을 감안하면 엄청난 속도다. 영국의 어떤 매체는 이 때문에 “구글은 끝났다”고 전망했다.</p> <p>구글이 끝났다는 건 인터넷 시대에서 배움의 방식이 또다시 새롭게 바뀐다는 의미다. 구글 시대를 연 것은 당연히 검색이다. 구글 검색은 모든 경쟁자를 물리치고 독보적인 존재가 됐다. 구글링(Googling)이 검색을 한다는 의미의 일반 명사가 됐을 정도다. 인터넷 시대에서 구글링은 그 키워드가 무엇이든 결국 배움의 행위다. 그런데 앞으로 챗지피팅(ChatGPTing)이 구글링을 대체할 수 있다는 거다.</p> <figure class="view_cont_img_jpg" style="width:640px; margin: 0 auto;"> <span class="img"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109050355im_/https://image.zdnet.co.kr/2022/12/23/6b0ed0765666597e8b26f2461c336a38.png" style="height:auto"></span> <figcaption style="text-align:left; line-height: 1.6;">챗GPT(이미지=오픈AI)</figcaption> </figure> <p>챗지피팅이 실제로 구글링을 대체할 지는 지켜봐야 알 일이고, 이에 대해 전문가들의 의견도 엇갈리지만, 상당히 위협적이라는 사실 만큼은 분명해 보인다. 챗GPT 공개 이후 순다 피차이 구글 CEO가 코드 레드(code red)급 위협으로 규정하고 대응하기 시작했다는 뉴스가 이를 방증한다. 무엇보다 마이크로소프트 검색 엔진 ‘빙’에 챗GPT가 탑재될 것이란 소식은 그 파괴력에 힘을 더 실어주는 것이다.</p> <p>챗GPT가 공개되자마자 이렇듯 폭발적인 관심을 끄는 이유는 무엇일까. 지식을 획득하기 위해 반드시 거쳐야 했던 ‘배움의 과정’을 없애버린 것처럼 보이기 때문 아닐까. 배움이 어려운 것은 그 과정이 지난하기 때문이다. 구글링이 인기를 끈 것은 그 지난한 과정을 조금 더 편리하게 해줬기 때문이다. 그런데 챗GPT는 아예 배울 필요마저 없게 만든다. 원하기만 하면 ‘정리된 지식’이 차려지기 때문이다.</p> <p>번역을 원하는가. 공부할 필요 없다. 챗GPT에 입력하면 바로 결과가 나온다. 논문을 쓰고 싶은가. 연구할 필요 없다. 챗GPT에 시키면 된다. 프로그래밍을 하고 싶은가. 기계언어를 몰라도 된다. 챗GPT가 짜줄 것이다. 이밖에도, 당신이 물었을 때 수많은 사람 중에 누군가 한 명이 대답해줄 수 있는 문제라면, 챗GPT는 정리해 답해줄 수 있다. 상황이 이렇게 되니 모두 열광하지 않을 수 없는 것이다.</p> <p>챗GPT에도 물론 한계는 있다. 일단 모든 사람과 모든 기계가 그렇듯 아직 완전하지 않다는 점이다. 완전하지 않다기보다는 아직 초보 수준이라고 보는 게 더 맞다. 정리해 제시한 지식 가운데는 사실이나 진실과 거리가 있는 오류도 있고 편견도 있다. 정보나 지식의 정확한 출처도 확인하기 어렵다. 박식하고 논리정연한 사람의 이야기처럼 그럴 듯하지만 그 지식을 믿어야 할지는 의심스럽기도 하다.</p> <p>샘 알트만 오픈AI 대표도 이를 인정하고 있다. 그는 “지금 당장 중요한 일을 챗GPT에 의존하는 것은 실수”라고 말했다. 현재의 수준은 “미리보기” 정도인 셈이며 앞으로 “견고함과 진실성 면에서 (챗GPT를 더 진화시키기 위해) 해야 할 일 많다”고 말했다. 실제로 많은 리뷰어들이 챗GPT의 오류를 찾아내고 있다. 1Kg의 쇠고기와 1Kg의 공기 중에 뭐가 더 무겁냐는 질문에 소고기라고 대답했다는 둥.</p>  <h2><span>관련기사</span></h2> <div class="news_box connect"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20230109050355/https://zdnet.co.kr/view/?no=20230105155103&re=R_20230106155328">국민연금은 왜 KT 대표 선임에 간섭할까</a><span>2023.01.05</span></li> <li><a href="/web/20230109050355/https://zdnet.co.kr/view/?no=20221227132808&re=R_20230106155328">애플카 유령이 사라진 완전자율주행 시장은 어디로</a><span>2022.12.27</span></li> <li><a href="/web/20230109050355/https://zdnet.co.kr/view/?no=20221223104108&re=R_20230106155328">스스로 리스크가 되어버린 테슬라의 머스크</a><span>2022.12.23</span></li> <li><a href="/web/20230109050355/https://zdnet.co.kr/view/?no=20221215103139&re=R_20230106155328">한국의 낮은 행복지수와 손흥민의 행복축구</a><span>2022.12.15</span></li> </ul> </div> <p>지금의 한계에도 불구하고 기대를 접을 수 없는 건 발전 속도 때문이다. 챗GPT는 오픈AI가 개발하고 있는 인공지능 언어 생성 모델인 GPT의 3.5 버전이라고 한다. 그런데 1년 뒤 나올 4.0 버전의 파라미터(매개변수)는 3.5버전과 비교도 할 수 없는 모양이다. 100조 개 대(對 ) 1750억 개. 인공신경망의 복잡한 개념이지만 파라미터 차이만큼 지식 결과물의 정밀도가 달라진다고 보면 이해하기 쉽겠다.</p> <p>챗GPT 등 인간 뇌를 모방한 초거대AI가 이렇게 빠른 속도로 진화한다는 소식이 들릴 때마다 드는 의문이 있다. 사람은 이제 뭘 하지? 그런데 여전히 할 일은 있다. 무엇인가를 물어봐야 할 주체는 결국 인간이기 때문이다. 질문은 해야 하는 것이다. 결국 인간에게 남겨지는 숙제는 질문이다. 어떤 질문을 던질까. 그것이 문제다. 그리고 어떤 질문을 던질지는 관심에 달려 있다. 관심이 결국 차이가 된다.</p> <div class="mt_bn_box">  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109050355js_/https://ads.mtgroup.kr/RealMedia/ads/adstream_jx.ads/zdnet_pc/news@Frame1"></script> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="reporter_list2"> <div class="reporter_name"><strong>이균성 논설위원</strong><a 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