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</button> <ul id="toc-Historical_overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1861_to_early_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1861_to_early_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1861 to early 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1861_to_early_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>After World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Population-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Population subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Life_expectancy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_expectancy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Life expectancy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_expectancy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fertility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fertility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Fertility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fertility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_fertility_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_fertility_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Historical fertility rates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_fertility_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Age_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Age structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vital_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vital_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vital statistics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vital_statistics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vital statistics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vital_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_vital_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_vital_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Current vital statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_vital_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Total_fertility_rates_by_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Total_fertility_rates_by_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Total fertility rates by region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Total_fertility_rates_by_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_of_the_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_of_the_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Structure of the population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_of_the_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment_and_income" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment_and_income"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Employment and income</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment_and_income-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Immigration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Immigration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italy_migration_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy_migration_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Italy migration data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy_migration_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Other religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics_and_ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics_and_ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Genetics and ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics_and_ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Italy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="التركيبة السكانية في إيطاليا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التركيبة السكانية في إيطاليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Население на Италия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Население на Италия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obyvatelstvo_It%C3%A1lie" title="Obyvatelstvo Itálie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obyvatelstvo Itálie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demograffeg_yr_Eidal" title="Demograffeg yr Eidal – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Demograffeg yr Eidal" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografie_Italiens" title="Demografie Italiens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Demografie Italiens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demograf%C3%ADa_de_Italia" title="Demografía de Italia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Demografía de Italia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9mographie_de_l%27Italie" title="Démographie de l'Italie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Démographie de l'Italie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC" title="이탈리아의 인구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이탈리아의 인구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Իտալիայի բնակչություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իտալիայի բնակչություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografia_d%27Italia" title="Demografia d'Italia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Demografia d'Italia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="דמוגרפיה של איטליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דמוגרפיה של איטליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იტალიის დემოგრაფია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იტალიის დემოგრაფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italijos_demografija" title="Italijos demografija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Italijos demografija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaszorsz%C3%A1g_demogr%C3%A1fi%C3%A1ja" title="Olaszország demográfiája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Olaszország demográfiája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88" title="イタリアの人口統計 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イタリアの人口統計" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italias_demografi" title="Italias demografi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Italias demografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografia_d%27It%C3%A0lia" title="Demografia d'Itàlia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Demografia d'Itàlia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografia_W%C5%82och" title="Demografia Włoch – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Demografia Włoch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografia_da_It%C3%A1lia" title="Demografia da Itália – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Demografia da Itália" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografia_Italiei" title="Demografia Italiei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Demografia Italiei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Население Италии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Население Италии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografia_e_Italis%C3%AB" title="Demografia e Italisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Demografia e Italisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiens_demografi" title="Italiens demografi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Italiens demografi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97" title="Населення Італії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Населення Італії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="line-height:120%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ddddff">Demographics of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Population_Pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Italy_Population_Pyramid.svg/350px-Italy_Population_Pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Italy_Population_Pyramid.svg/525px-Italy_Population_Pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Italy_Population_Pyramid.svg/700px-Italy_Population_Pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="2417" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Population pyramid of Italy as of 2022</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 58,974,433 (31 July 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Growth rate</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> -0.30% (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Birth rate</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.7 births/1,000 population (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Death rate</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12.1 deaths/1,000 population (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Life expectancy</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 82.0 years (2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • male</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 79.7 years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • female</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 84.4 years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fertility rate</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.2 children born/woman (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Infant mortality rate</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Net migration rate</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral increase"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></span></span> 1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddddff">Age structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">0–14 years</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12.89%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">15–64 years</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 63.57%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">65 and over</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Negative increase"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23.54%</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddddff">Nationality</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>noun</i>: Italian(s) <i>adjective</i>: Italian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major ethnic</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Minor ethnic</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sicilians" title="Sicilians">Sicilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_people" title="Sardinian people">Sardinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_emigrants_to_Italy" title="African emigrants to Italy">Afro-Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a></li> <li>Others</li></ul> </div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddddff">Language</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages of Italy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Animated_Population_Pyramid.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Italy_Animated_Population_Pyramid.gif/370px-Italy_Animated_Population_Pyramid.gif" decoding="async" width="370" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Italy_Animated_Population_Pyramid.gif/555px-Italy_Animated_Population_Pyramid.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Italy_Animated_Population_Pyramid.gif/740px-Italy_Animated_Population_Pyramid.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>Animated population pyramid 1982–2021. Those born during the World wars are marked in dark</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">Demographic</a> features of the population of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> include <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnicity</a>, education level, health of the populace, economic status, <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">religious affiliations</a> and other aspects. </p><p>At the beginning of 2024, Italy had an estimated population of 58.9 million. Its population density, at 195.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (507/sq mi), is higher than that of most Western European countries. However, the distribution of the population is very uneven: the most densely populated areas are the <a href="/wiki/Po_Valley" title="Po Valley">Po Valley</a> (with about a third of the country's population) in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">northern Italy</a> and the metropolitan areas of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern Italy</a>, while large rural areas are very sparsely populated, like the plateaus of <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apennines" class="mw-redirect" title="Apennines">Apennines</a> highlands, and the island of <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>. </p><p>The population of the country almost doubled during the 20th century, but the pattern of growth was extremely uneven due to large-scale <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora#Internal_migrations" title="Italian diaspora">internal migration</a> from the rural South to the industrial cities of the North, due to the <a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Italian economic miracle</a> of the 1950s and 1960s. In addition, after centuries of net emigration, since the 1980s Italy has experienced large-scale immigration for the first time in modern history. Italian government data, in its annual report for 2019, estimated the number of foreign nationals residing within Italy, including immigrants, at about 5.234 million.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to such large-scale <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">immigration</a> to the country, particularly from the early 2000s to 2014, the population peaked at 60.79 million. Since then, decreasing migration, a continuously falling birth rate, and continuous aging have led to a sharp decrease in the Italian population. </p><p>High fertility and birth rates persisted until the 1970s, after which they started to dramatically decline, leading to rapid population aging. At the end of the 2000s decade, one in five Italians was over 65 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italy experienced a short-term growth in birth rates.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total fertility rate temporarily rose from an all-time low of 1.18 children per woman in 1995 to 1.46 in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, fertility rates have resumed their decline, to reach a low of 1.24 in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the revision of the <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a> in 1984, Italy has no official religion, although it continues to recognize the role the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> plays in Italian society. In 2017, 78% of the population identified as Catholic, 15% as non-believers or atheists, 2% as other Christians and 6% adhered to other religions.<sup id="cite_ref-2016Montaigne-IFOP_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016Montaigne-IFOP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_overview">Historical overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1861_to_early_20th_century">1861 to early 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1861 to early 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/220px-Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/330px-Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/440px-Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a> in the world</figcaption></figure> <p>From its <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Unification of italy">unification</a> in 1861 to the <a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Italian economic miracle</a> of the 1950s and 1960s, Italy has been a country of mass emigration. Between 1898 and 1914, the peak years of <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a>, approximately 750,000 Italians emigrated each year.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, large numbers of people with full or significant Italian ancestry are found in Brazil (32 million <a href="/wiki/Italian_Brazilians" title="Italian Brazilians">Italian Brazilians</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argentina (25 million <a href="/wiki/Italian_Argentines" title="Italian Argentines">Italian Argentines</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-LaMatanza_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaMatanza-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United States (18 million <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian Americans</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-italianamericanstudies_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-italianamericanstudies-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France (5 million <a href="/wiki/Italians_in_France" title="Italians in France">Italian French</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Venezuela (5 million <a href="/wiki/Italian_Venezuelans" title="Italian Venezuelans">Italian Venezuelans</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-ilgazzettino_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilgazzettino-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paraguay (2.5 million <a href="/wiki/Italian_Paraguayans" title="Italian Paraguayans">Italian Paraguayans</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-ABC_Color_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC_Color-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABC_Color2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC_Color2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Última_Hora,_37%_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Última_Hora,_37%-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colombia (2 million <a href="/wiki/Italian_Colombian" title="Italian Colombian">Italian Colombians</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uruguay (1.5 million <a href="/wiki/Italian_Uruguayans" title="Italian Uruguayans">Italian Uruguayans</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peru (1.5 million <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peruvians" title="Italian Peruvians">Italian Peruvians</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Embajada_de_Italia_en_Perú,_540,000_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Embajada_de_Italia_en_Perú,_540,000-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canada (1.5 million <a href="/wiki/Italian_Canadians" title="Italian Canadians">Italian Canadians</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Italian_Canadians_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italian_Canadians-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germany (1.2 million <a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Germany" title="Italians in Germany">Italian Germans</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Australia (1 million <a href="/wiki/Italian_Australians" title="Italian Australians">Italian Australians</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Italian communities once thrived in the former African <a href="/wiki/Italian_colonial_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian colonial empire">colonies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Italian_Eritrea" title="Italian Eritrea">Eritrea</a> (nearly 100,000 at the beginning of World War II),<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Somaliland" title="Italian Somaliland">Somalia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Libya</a> (150,000 <a href="/wiki/Italian_settlers_in_Libya" title="Italian settlers in Libya">Italians settled in Libya</a>, constituting about 18% of the total Libyan population).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_World_War_II">After World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: After World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italians_leave_Pola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Italians_leave_Pola.jpg/220px-Italians_leave_Pola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Italians_leave_Pola.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="212" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a> leave <a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pola</a> in 1947 during the <a href="/wiki/Istrian-Dalmatian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Istrian-Dalmatian exodus">Istrian-Dalmatian exodus</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Marshal_Tito" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal Tito">Tito</a>'s annexation of <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kvarner_Gulf" title="Kvarner Gulf">Kvarner</a>, most of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_March" title="Julian March">Julian March</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatian</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zara</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_with_Italy,_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947">Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947</a>, up to 350,000 local ethnic <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> (<a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_Italians" title="Dalmatian Italians">Dalmatian Italians</a>) left <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">communist Yugoslavia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-query.nytimes.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-query.nytimes.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, all of Libya's Italians were expelled after <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Revolution_of_1969" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Revolution of 1969">Muammar Gaddafi's takeover</a> in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the profound economic and social changes brought by rapid postwar economic growth, including low birth rates, an aging population and thus a shrinking workforce, by the 1970s emigration had all but stopped and Italy started to have a positive net migration rate.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nation's immigrant population reached 5 million by 2015, making up some 8% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the long-lasting effects of the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurozone crisis">Eurozone crisis</a> <a href="/wiki/Double-dip_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-dip recession">double-dip recession</a> strongly slowed down immigration rates in Italy in the 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In calendar years 2020 and 2021, as a direct effect of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant, Italy registered at least 178,000 excess deaths, a reduction of about 1.4 years in the average <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a>, a noticeable decrease in birth rates and a marked decrease in immigration rates. Thus there was a record natural population decline of 342,042 units in that<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> year, the largest ever recorded since 1918 (at the time of <a href="/wiki/Italy_in_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Italy in World War I">World War I</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish flu pandemic">Spanish flu pandemic</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-id2020_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-id2020-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, Italy's birth rate declined to its lowest level on record since 1861, with fewer than 400,000 births recorded that year.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_population_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Historic_population_of_Italy.svg/450px-Historic_population_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Historic_population_of_Italy.svg/675px-Historic_population_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Historic_population_of_Italy.svg/900px-Historic_population_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Historic population of Italy</figcaption></figure><p><span class="anchor" id="History"></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style></p><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,777,334</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,801,154</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,459,628</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.60%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,475,253</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.66%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">34,671,377</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.66%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">37,973,977</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.91%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,176,671</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.81%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,993,602</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.87%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">47,515,537</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.67%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">50,623,569</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.64%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">54,136,547</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.67%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,556,911</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.44%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,778,031</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.04%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,995,744</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.04%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">59,433,744</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.42%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">59,257,566</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.03%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2024 (est.) </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">58,968,501</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.16%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">ISTAT</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-id2020_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-id2020-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a></div> <p>Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>One birth every 1 minute 18 seconds</li> <li>One death every 50 seconds</li> <li>Net loss of one person every 3 minutes 6 seconds</li> <li>One net migrant every 9 minutes</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_expectancy">Life expectancy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Life expectancy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Italian provinces by life expectancy">List of Italian provinces by life expectancy</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-regions,_names.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-regions%2C_names.png/300px-Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-regions%2C_names.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-regions%2C_names.png/450px-Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-regions%2C_names.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-regions%2C_names.png/600px-Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-regions%2C_names.png 2x" data-file-width="5300" data-file-height="6785" /></a><figcaption>Italian regions by life expectancy in 2022<sup id="cite_ref-ISTAT_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISTAT-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-provinces,_names.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-provinces%2C_names.png/300px-Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-provinces%2C_names.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-provinces%2C_names.png/450px-Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-provinces%2C_names.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-provinces%2C_names.png/600px-Life_expectancy_map_of_Italy_2022_-provinces%2C_names.png 2x" data-file-width="5300" data-file-height="6785" /></a><figcaption>Italian provinces by life expectancy in 2022<sup id="cite_ref-ISTAT_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISTAT-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Italy_-diff.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Italy_-diff.png/300px-Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Italy_-diff.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Italy_-diff.png/450px-Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Italy_-diff.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Italy_-diff.png/600px-Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Italy_-diff.png 2x" data-file-width="1153" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption>Life expectancy in Italy since 1960 with sex gap</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_in_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Life_expectancy_in_Italy.svg/300px-Life_expectancy_in_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Life_expectancy_in_Italy.svg/450px-Life_expectancy_in_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Life_expectancy_in_Italy.svg/600px-Life_expectancy_in_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Life expectancy in Italy since 1872</figcaption></figure> <p>Sources: <a href="/wiki/Our_World_In_Data" class="mw-redirect" title="Our World In Data">Our World In Data</a> and the United Nations. <b>1871–1950</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Life expectancy in Italy </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Years </th> <th>1871 </th> <th>1872 </th> <th>1873 </th> <th>1874 </th> <th>1875 </th> <th>1876 </th> <th>1877 </th> <th>1878 </th> <th>1879 </th> <th>1880<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Life expectancy </td> <td>29.8 </td> <td>29.7 </td> <td>31.6 </td> <td>31.8 </td> <td>31.3 </td> <td>33.6 </td> <td>34.9 </td> <td>34.3 </td> <td>34.0 </td> <td>32.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Years </th> <th>1881 </th> <th>1882 </th> <th>1883 </th> <th>1884 </th> <th>1885 </th> <th>1886 </th> <th>1887 </th> <th>1888 </th> <th>1889 </th> <th>1890<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Life expectancy </td> <td>34.2 </td> <td>34.3 </td> <td>35.2 </td> <td>36.6 </td> <td>36.9 </td> <td>35.1 </td> <td>36.0 </td> <td>37.0 </td> <td>39.1 </td> <td>38.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Years </th> <th>1891 </th> <th>1892 </th> <th>1893 </th> <th>1894 </th> <th>1895 </th> <th>1896 </th> <th>1897 </th> <th>1898 </th> <th>1899 </th> <th>1900<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Life expectancy </td> <td>38.5 </td> <td>38.9 </td> <td>39.8 </td> <td>40.0 </td> <td>39.6 </td> <td>40.7 </td> <td>43.3 </td> <td>42.3 </td> <td>43.7 </td> <td>41.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Years </th> <th>1901 </th> <th>1902 </th> <th>1903 </th> <th>1904 </th> <th>1905 </th> <th>1906 </th> <th>1907 </th> <th>1908 </th> <th>1909 </th> <th>1910<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Life expectancy </td> <td>43.5 </td> <td>43.0 </td> <td>43.1 </td> <td>44.4 </td> <td>43.9 </td> <td>45.1 </td> <td>45.4 </td> <td>43.1 </td> <td>44.6 </td> <td>46.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Years </th> <th>1911 </th> <th>1912 </th> <th>1913 </th> <th>1914 </th> <th>1915 </th> <th>1916 </th> <th>1917 </th> <th>1918 </th> <th>1919 </th> <th>1920<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Life expectancy </td> <td>44.7 </td> <td>48.9 </td> <td>48.4 </td> <td>49.9 </td> <td>42.5 </td> <td>39.6 </td> <td>38.1 </td> <td>25.8 </td> <td>42.3 </td> <td>45.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Years </th> <th>1921 </th> <th>1922 </th> <th>1923 </th> <th>1924 </th> <th>1925 </th> <th>1926 </th> <th>1927 </th> <th>1928 </th> <th>1929 </th> <th>1930<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Life expectancy </td> <td>49.2 </td> <td>50.0 </td> <td>51.4 </td> <td>51.5 </td> <td>51.3 </td> <td>50.9 </td> <td>52.5 </td> <td>52.6 </td> <td>52.3 </td> <td>55.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Years </th> <th>1931 </th> <th>1932 </th> <th>1933 </th> <th>1934 </th> <th>1935 </th> <th>1936 </th> <th>1937 </th> <th>1938 </th> <th>1939 </th> <th>1940<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Life expectancy </td> <td>54.8 </td> <td>54.7 </td> <td>56.3 </td> <td>56.8 </td> <td>56.2 </td> <td>56.7 </td> <td>55.5 </td> <td>56.1 </td> <td>57.6 </td> <td>57.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Years </th> <th>1941 </th> <th>1942 </th> <th>1943 </th> <th>1944 </th> <th>1945 </th> <th>1946 </th> <th>1947 </th> <th>1948 </th> <th>1949 </th> <th>1950<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Life expectancy </td> <td>54.7 </td> <td>52.5 </td> <td>49.4 </td> <td>52.4 </td> <td>54.9 </td> <td>59.0 </td> <td>61.2 </td> <td>63.4 </td> <td>64.1 </td> <td>65.8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>1950–2020</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Period </th> <th>Life expectancy in<br />Years </th> <th>Period </th> <th>Life expectancy in<br />Years </th></tr> <tr> <td>1950–1955 </td> <td>66.5 </td> <td>1985–1990 </td> <td>76.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955–1960 </td> <td>68.4 </td> <td>1990–1995 </td> <td>77.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960–1965 </td> <td>69.7 </td> <td>1995–2000 </td> <td>78.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965–1970 </td> <td>70.9 </td> <td>2000–2005 </td> <td>80.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970–1975 </td> <td>72.2 </td> <td>2005–2010 </td> <td>81.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975–1980 </td> <td>73.6 </td> <td>2010–2015 </td> <td>82.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980–1985 </td> <td>74.9 </td> <td>2015–2020 </td> <td>83.3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Source: <i>UN World Population Prospects</i><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fertility">Fertility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fertility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 2021, the number of births had fallen to 400,249, a decrease of 25% compared to 2011. If the trend is not reversed, it may adversely affect GDP growth and social security benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-torinonews24.it_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torinonews24.it-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reasons that Italian citizens give for not having children are economic costs, fear of losing their job and lack of services for families, but it is claimed that these problems have ceased to exist<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (April 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Demographics_of_Italy#Dubious" title="Talk:Demographics of Italy">discuss</a></i>]</sup> in other countries such as Sweden and France but that these countries continue to have birth rates below the population replacement level, which is 2.1.<sup id="cite_ref-torinonews24.it_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torinonews24.it-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_fertility_rates">Historical fertility rates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Historical fertility rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Total_fertility_rate_of_Italy_overtime_to_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Total_fertility_rate_of_Italy_overtime_to_2016.svg/466px-Total_fertility_rate_of_Italy_overtime_to_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="466" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Total_fertility_rate_of_Italy_overtime_to_2016.svg/699px-Total_fertility_rate_of_Italy_overtime_to_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Total_fertility_rate_of_Italy_overtime_to_2016.svg/932px-Total_fertility_rate_of_Italy_overtime_to_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>TFR of Italy overtime to 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> is the number of children born per woman. This table is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: <a href="/wiki/Our_World_in_Data" title="Our World in Data">Our World in Data</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gapminder_Foundation" title="Gapminder Foundation">Gapminder Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ourworldindata.org_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ourworldindata.org-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Famiglia_Giuseppe_Riggio_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Famiglia_Giuseppe_Riggio_2.jpg/230px-Famiglia_Giuseppe_Riggio_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Famiglia_Giuseppe_Riggio_2.jpg/345px-Famiglia_Giuseppe_Riggio_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Famiglia_Giuseppe_Riggio_2.jpg/460px-Famiglia_Giuseppe_Riggio_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3408" data-file-height="3058" /></a><figcaption>The Sicilian photographer Giuseppe Riggio (1871–1960) with his large <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">nuclear family</a> in 1925</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Total fertility rates in Italy<sup id="cite_ref-ourworldindata.org_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ourworldindata.org-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Years</th> <th>1850</th> <th>1851</th> <th>1852</th> <th>1853</th> <th>1854</th> <th>1855</th> <th>1856</th> <th>1857</th> <th>1858</th> <th>1859</th> <th>1860 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Rate</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.47</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.42</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.38</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.33</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.29</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.24</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.19</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.15</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.10</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.06</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.01 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Years</th> <th></th> <th>1861</th> <th>1862</th> <th>1863</th> <th>1864</th> <th>1865</th> <th>1866</th> <th>1867</th> <th>1868</th> <th>1869</th> <th>1870 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Rate</td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.96</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.93</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.90</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.90</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.91</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.91</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.92</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.92</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.91</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.90 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Years</th> <th></th> <th>1871</th> <th>1872</th> <th>1873</th> <th>1874</th> <th>1875</th> <th>1876</th> <th>1877</th> <th>1878</th> <th>1879</th> <th>1880 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Rate</td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.90</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.89</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.88</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.89</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.9</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.9</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.91</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.92</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.95</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.98 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Years</th> <th></th> <th>1881</th> <th>1882</th> <th>1883</th> <th>1884</th> <th>1885</th> <th>1886</th> <th>1887</th> <th>1888</th> <th>1889</th> <th>1890 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Rate</td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.00</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.03</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.06</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.05</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.04</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.04</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.03</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">5.02</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.98</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.95 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Years</th> <th></th> <th>1891</th> <th>1892</th> <th>1893</th> <th>1894</th> <th>1895</th> <th>1896</th> <th>1897</th> <th>1898</th> <th>1899 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Rate</td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.91</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.88</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.84</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.79</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.74</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.69</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.64</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.59</td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">4.56 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2021 this was 1.47 children born/woman. </p><p><b>Mother's mean age at first birth;</b> 31.1 years (2017 est.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_structure">Age structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Age structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>0-14 years:</i> 0–14 years: 13.45% (male 4,292,431/female 4,097,732)</dd> <dd><i>15-24 years:</i> 9.61% (male 3,005,402/female 2,989,764)</dd> <dd><i>25-54 years:</i> 40.86% (male 12,577,764/female 12,921,614)</dd> <dd><i>55-64 years:</i> 14% (male 4,243,735/female 4,493,581)</dd> <dd><i>65 years and over:</i> 22.08% (male 5,949,560/female 7,831,076) (2020 est.)</dd></dl> <p><b>Median age</b> </p> <dl><dd></dd> <dd>total: 46.5 years. Country comparison to the world: 5th</dd> <dd>male: 45.4 years</dd> <dd>female: 47.5 years (2020 est.)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities">Cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan areas in Italy">Metropolitan areas in Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Italy by population">List of cities in Italy by population</a></div> <p>70.4% of Italian population is classified as <a href="/wiki/Urban_population" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban population">urban</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a relatively low figure among developed countries. Italy's administrative boundaries have seen significant <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">devolution</a> in recent decades; the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Area (Italy)">metropolitan area</a> was created as a new administrative unit, and major cities and metro areas now have a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">provincial</a> status. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the largest conurbations are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> – 7.4 million</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> – 3.7 million</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> – 3.1 million</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> – 2.2 million</li></ul> <p><b>Urbanization</b> </p> <dl><dd></dd> <dd>urban population: 71% of total population (2020)</dd> <dd>rate of urbanization: 0.29% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_(2011_census)_alt_colours.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg/220px-Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg/330px-Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg/440px-Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2313" /></a><figcaption>Map of Italy's population density at the 2011 census</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"> <caption>Metropolitan cities and larger urban zone<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan city</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a> </th> <th>Area<br /><small>(km<sup>2</sup>)</small> </th> <th>Population<br /><small>(1 January 2019)</small> </th> <th>Functional Urban<br />Areas (FUA)<br />Population<br /><small>(2016)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan City of Rome">Rome</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> </td> <td align="right">5,352 </td> <td align="right">4,342,212 </td> <td align="right">4,414,288 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Milan" title="Metropolitan City of Milan">Milan</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> </td> <td align="right">1,575 </td> <td align="right">3,250,315 </td> <td align="right">5,111,481 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Naples" title="Metropolitan City of Naples">Naples</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> </td> <td align="right">1,171 </td> <td align="right">3,084,890 </td> <td align="right">3,418,061 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">Turin</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> </td> <td align="right">6,829 </td> <td align="right">2,259,523 </td> <td align="right">1,769,475 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Palermo" title="Metropolitan City of Palermo">Palermo</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> </td> <td align="right">5,009 </td> <td align="right">1,252,588 </td> <td align="right">1,033,226 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Bari" title="Metropolitan City of Bari">Bari</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> </td> <td align="right">3,821 </td> <td align="right">1,251,994 </td> <td align="right">749,723 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Catania" title="Metropolitan City of Catania">Catania</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> </td> <td align="right">3,574 </td> <td align="right">1,107,702 </td> <td align="right">658,805 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Florence" title="Metropolitan City of Florence">Florence</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> </td> <td align="right">3,514 </td> <td align="right">1,011,349 </td> <td align="right">807,896 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Bologna" title="Metropolitan City of Bologna">Bologna</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> </td> <td align="right">3,702 </td> <td align="right">1,014,619 </td> <td align="right">775,247 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Genoa" title="Metropolitan City of Genoa">Genoa</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a> </td> <td align="right">1,839 </td> <td align="right">841,180 </td> <td align="right">713,243 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Venice" title="Metropolitan City of Venice">Venice</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> </td> <td align="right">2,462 </td> <td align="right">853,338 </td> <td align="right">561,697 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Messina" title="Metropolitan City of Messina">Messina</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> </td> <td align="right">3,266 </td> <td align="right">626,876 </td> <td align="right">273,680 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Reggio_Calabria" title="Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> </td> <td align="right">3,183 </td> <td align="right">548,009 </td> <td align="right">221,139 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Cagliari" title="Metropolitan City of Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> </td> <td align="right">1,248 </td> <td align="right">431,038 </td> <td align="right">488,954 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vital_statistics">Vital statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vital statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th width="80pt">Average population (January 1) </th> <th width="80pt">Live births </th> <th width="80pt">Deaths<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th width="80pt">Natural change </th> <th width="80pt">Crude birth rate (per 1,000) </th> <th width="80pt">Crude death rate (per 1,000) </th> <th width="80pt">Natural change (per 1,000) </th> <th width="80pt">Crude migration change (per 1,000) </th> <th width="80pt"><a href="/wiki/Total_Fertility_Rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Total Fertility Rate">Total Fertility Rates</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>fn 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ourworldindata.org_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ourworldindata.org-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1900 </td> <td align="right">32,377,000 </td> <td align="right">1,067,376 </td> <td align="right">768,917 </td> <td align="right">298,459 </td> <td align="right">33.0 </td> <td align="right">23.7 </td> <td align="right">9.2 </td> <td>-3.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.53 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1901 </td> <td align="right">32,550,000 </td> <td align="right">1,057,763 </td> <td align="right">715,036 </td> <td align="right">342,727 </td> <td align="right">32.5 </td> <td align="right">22.0 </td> <td align="right">10.5 </td> <td>-3.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.49 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1902 </td> <td align="right">32,787,000 </td> <td align="right">1,093,074 </td> <td align="right">727,181 </td> <td align="right">365,893 </td> <td style="color: blue">33.3 </td> <td align="right">22.2 </td> <td align="right">11.2 </td> <td>-4.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1903 </td> <td align="right">33,004,000 </td> <td align="right">1,042,090 </td> <td align="right">736,311 </td> <td align="right">305,779 </td> <td align="right">31.6 </td> <td align="right">22.3 </td> <td align="right">9.3 </td> <td>-2.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1904 </td> <td align="right">33,237,000 </td> <td align="right">1,085,431 </td> <td align="right">698,604 </td> <td align="right">386,827 </td> <td align="right">32.7 </td> <td align="right">21.0 </td> <td align="right">11.6 </td> <td>-4.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1905 </td> <td align="right">33,489,000 </td> <td align="right">1,084,518 </td> <td align="right">730,340 </td> <td align="right">354,178 </td> <td align="right">32.4 </td> <td align="right">21.8 </td> <td align="right">10.6 </td> <td>-3.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1906 </td> <td align="right">33,718,000 </td> <td align="right">1,070,978 </td> <td align="right">696,875 </td> <td align="right">374,103 </td> <td align="right">31.8 </td> <td align="right">20.7 </td> <td align="right">11.1 </td> <td>-4.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1907 </td> <td align="right">33,952,000 </td> <td align="right">1,062,333 </td> <td align="right">700,333 </td> <td align="right">362,000 </td> <td align="right">31.3 </td> <td align="right">20.6 </td> <td align="right">10.7 </td> <td>-3.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1908 </td> <td align="right">34,198,000 </td> <td align="right">1,138,813 </td> <td align="right">770,054 </td> <td align="right">368,759 </td> <td align="right">33.3 </td> <td align="right">22.5 </td> <td align="right">10.8 </td> <td>-3.3 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1909 </td> <td align="right">34,455,000 </td> <td align="right">1,115,831 </td> <td align="right">738,460 </td> <td align="right">377,371 </td> <td align="right">32.4 </td> <td align="right">21.4 </td> <td align="right">11.0 </td> <td>-2.4 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1910 </td> <td align="right">34,751,000 </td> <td align="right">1,144,410 </td> <td align="right">682,459 </td> <td align="right">461,951 </td> <td align="right">32.9 </td> <td align="right">19.6 </td> <td align="right">13.3 </td> <td>-5.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.39 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1911 </td> <td align="right">35,033,000 </td> <td align="right">1,093,545 </td> <td align="right">742,811 </td> <td align="right">350,734 </td> <td align="right">31.2 </td> <td align="right">21.2 </td> <td align="right">10.0 </td> <td>-3.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1912 </td> <td align="right">35,246,000 </td> <td align="right">1,133,985 </td> <td align="right">635,788 </td> <td align="right">498,197 </td> <td align="right">32.2 </td> <td align="right">18.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">14.1 </td> <td>-11.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1913 </td> <td align="right">35,351,000 </td> <td align="right">1,122,482 </td> <td align="right">663,966 </td> <td align="right">458,516 </td> <td align="right">31.8 </td> <td align="right">18.8 </td> <td align="right">13.0 </td> <td>-3.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1914 </td> <td align="right">35,701,000 </td> <td align="right">1,114,091 </td> <td align="right">643,355 </td> <td align="right">470,736 </td> <td align="right">31.2 </td> <td align="right">18.0 </td> <td align="right">13.2 </td> <td>2.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">4.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1915 </td> <td align="right">36,271,000 </td> <td align="right">1,109,183 </td> <td align="right">809,703 </td> <td align="right">299,480 </td> <td align="right">30.6 </td> <td align="right">22.3 </td> <td align="right">8.3 </td> <td>-2.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1916 </td> <td align="right">36,481,000 </td> <td align="right">881,626 </td> <td align="right">854,703 </td> <td align="right">26,923 </td> <td align="right">24.2 </td> <td align="right">23.4 </td> <td align="right">0.7 </td> <td>-4.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1917 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">36,343,000 </td> <td align="right">691,207 </td> <td align="right">948,710 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-257,503 </td> <td align="right">19.6 </td> <td align="right">26.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-7.1 </td> <td>-4.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1918 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">35,922,000 </td> <td align="right">640,263 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">1,268,290 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-628,027 </td> <td align="right">18.2 </td> <td style="color: red">35.3 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-17.5 </td> <td>11.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1919 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">35,717,000 </td> <td align="right">770,620 </td> <td align="right">676,329 </td> <td align="right">94,291 </td> <td align="right">21.6 </td> <td align="right">18.9 </td> <td align="right">2.6 </td> <td>4.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920 </td> <td align="right">35,960,000 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">1,158,041 </td> <td align="right">681,749 </td> <td align="right">476,292 </td> <td align="right">32.2 </td> <td align="right">19.0 </td> <td align="right">13.2 </td> <td>39.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921 </td> <td align="right">37,869,000 </td> <td align="right">1,118,344 </td> <td align="right">670,234 </td> <td align="right">448,110 </td> <td align="right">30.7 </td> <td align="right">17.7 </td> <td align="right">13.0 </td> <td>-4.4 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.57 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1922 </td> <td align="right">38,196,000 </td> <td align="right">1,127,444 </td> <td align="right">690,054 </td> <td align="right">437,390 </td> <td align="right">30.8 </td> <td align="right">18.1 </td> <td align="right">12.7 </td> <td>-2.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.74 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1923 </td> <td align="right">38,571,000 </td> <td align="right">1,107,505 </td> <td align="right">654,827 </td> <td align="right">452,678 </td> <td align="right">29.9 </td> <td align="right">17.0 </td> <td align="right">11.7 </td> <td>-2.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1924 </td> <td align="right">38,927,000 </td> <td align="right">1,124,470 </td> <td align="right">663,077 </td> <td align="right">461,393 </td> <td align="right">28.9 </td> <td align="right">17.0 </td> <td align="right">11.9 </td> <td>-3.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1925 </td> <td align="right">39,265,000 </td> <td align="right">1,109,761 </td> <td align="right">669,695 </td> <td align="right">440,066 </td> <td align="right">28.2 </td> <td align="right">17.1 </td> <td align="right">11.2 </td> <td>-2.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.72 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1926 </td> <td align="right">39,590,000 </td> <td align="right">1,094,587 </td> <td align="right">680,274 </td> <td align="right">414,313 </td> <td align="right">27.7 </td> <td align="right">17.2 </td> <td align="right">10.5 </td> <td>-2.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1927 </td> <td align="right">39,926,000 </td> <td align="right">1,093,772 </td> <td align="right">639,843 </td> <td align="right">453,929 </td> <td align="right">27.4 </td> <td align="right">16.0 </td> <td align="right">11.4 </td> <td>-2.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1928 </td> <td align="right">40,281,000 </td> <td align="right">1,072,316 </td> <td align="right">645,654 </td> <td align="right">426,662 </td> <td align="right">26.6 </td> <td align="right">16.0 </td> <td align="right">10.6 </td> <td>-2.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1929 </td> <td align="right">40,607,000 </td> <td align="right">1,037,700 </td> <td align="right">667,223 </td> <td align="right">370,477 </td> <td align="right">25.6 </td> <td align="right">16.4 </td> <td align="right">9.1 </td> <td>-0.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1930 </td> <td align="right">40,956,000 </td> <td align="right">1,092,678 </td> <td align="right">576,751 </td> <td align="right">515,927 </td> <td align="right">26.7 </td> <td align="right">14.1 </td> <td align="right">12.6 </td> <td>-3.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.38 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931 </td> <td align="right">41,339,000 </td> <td align="right">1,026,197 </td> <td align="right">609,405 </td> <td align="right">416,792 </td> <td align="right">24.8 </td> <td align="right">14.7 </td> <td align="right">10.1 </td> <td>-4.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1932 </td> <td align="right">41,584,000 </td> <td align="right">990,995 </td> <td align="right">610,646 </td> <td align="right">380,349 </td> <td align="right">23.8 </td> <td align="right">14.7 </td> <td align="right">9.1 </td> <td>-0.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.06 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1933 </td> <td align="right">41,928,000 </td> <td align="right">995,979 </td> <td align="right">574,113 </td> <td align="right">421,866 </td> <td align="right">23.8 </td> <td align="right">13.7 </td> <td align="right">10.1 </td> <td>-1.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1934 </td> <td align="right">42,277,000 </td> <td align="right">992,966 </td> <td align="right">563,339 </td> <td align="right">429,627 </td> <td align="right">23.5 </td> <td align="right">13.3 </td> <td align="right">10.2 </td> <td>-1.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1935 </td> <td align="right">42,631,000 </td> <td align="right">996,708 </td> <td align="right">594,722 </td> <td align="right">401,986 </td> <td align="right">23.4 </td> <td align="right">14.0 </td> <td align="right">9.4 </td> <td>-1.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1936 </td> <td align="right">42,965,000 </td> <td align="right">962,686 </td> <td align="right">593,380 </td> <td align="right">369,306 </td> <td align="right">22.4 </td> <td align="right">13.8 </td> <td align="right">8.6 </td> <td>-1.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.87 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1937 </td> <td align="right">43,269,000 </td> <td align="right">991,867 </td> <td align="right">618,290 </td> <td align="right">373,577 </td> <td align="right">22.9 </td> <td align="right">14.3 </td> <td align="right">8.6 </td> <td>-1.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.93 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1938 </td> <td align="right">43,596,000 </td> <td align="right">1,037,180 </td> <td align="right">614,988 </td> <td align="right">422,192 </td> <td align="right">23.8 </td> <td align="right">14.1 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.05 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1939 </td> <td align="right">44,018,000 </td> <td align="right">1,040,213 </td> <td align="right">591,483 </td> <td align="right">448,730 </td> <td align="right">23.6 </td> <td align="right">13.4 </td> <td align="right">10.2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1940 </td> <td align="right">44,467,000 </td> <td align="right">1,046,479 </td> <td align="right">606,907 </td> <td align="right">439,572 </td> <td align="right">23.5 </td> <td align="right">13.6 </td> <td align="right">9.9 </td> <td>-1.7 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941 </td> <td align="right">44,830,000 </td> <td align="right">937,546 </td> <td align="right">621,735 </td> <td align="right">315,811 </td> <td align="right">20.9 </td> <td align="right">13.9 </td> <td align="right">7.0 </td> <td>-1.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.74 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1942 </td> <td align="right">45,098,000 </td> <td align="right">926,063 </td> <td align="right">643,607 </td> <td align="right">282,456 </td> <td align="right">20.5 </td> <td align="right">14.3 </td> <td align="right">6.3 </td> <td>-16.4 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.69 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1943 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">44,641,000 </td> <td align="right">882,105 </td> <td align="right">679,708 </td> <td align="right">202,397 </td> <td align="right">19.8 </td> <td align="right">15.2 </td> <td align="right">4.5 </td> <td>-1.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1944 </td> <td align="right">44,794,000 </td> <td align="right">814,746 </td> <td align="right">685,171 </td> <td align="right">129,575 </td> <td align="right">18.3 </td> <td align="right">15.3 </td> <td align="right">2.9 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.39 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1945 </td> <td align="right">44,946,000 </td> <td align="right">815,678 </td> <td align="right">615,092 </td> <td align="right">200,586 </td> <td align="right">18.2 </td> <td align="right">13.7 </td> <td align="right">4.5 </td> <td>2.3 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.37 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1946 </td> <td align="right">45,253,000 </td> <td align="right">1,036,098 </td> <td align="right">547,952 </td> <td align="right">488,146 </td> <td align="right">23.0 </td> <td align="right">12.1 </td> <td align="right">10.8 </td> <td>-2.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">3.01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947 </td> <td align="right">45,641,000 </td> <td align="right">1,011,490 </td> <td align="right">524,019 </td> <td align="right">487,471 </td> <td align="right">22.2 </td> <td align="right">11.5 </td> <td align="right">10.8 </td> <td>5.4 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.89 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948 </td> <td align="right">46,381,000 </td> <td align="right">1,005,851 </td> <td align="right">490,450 </td> <td align="right">515,401 </td> <td align="right">21.8 </td> <td align="right">10.6 </td> <td align="right">11.2 </td> <td>-3.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.83 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949 </td> <td align="right">46,733,000 </td> <td align="right">937,146 </td> <td align="right">485,277 </td> <td align="right">451,869 </td> <td align="right">20.1 </td> <td align="right">10.4 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td> <td>-1.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950 </td> <td align="right">47,104,000 </td> <td align="right">908,622 </td> <td align="right">455,169 </td> <td align="right">453,453 </td> <td align="right">19.3 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td>-3.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951 </td> <td align="right">47,417,000 </td> <td align="right">860,998 </td> <td align="right">485,208 </td> <td align="right">375,790 </td> <td align="right">18.2 </td> <td align="right">10.2 </td> <td align="right">7.9 </td> <td>-2.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952 </td> <td align="right">47,666,000 <sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">863,661 </td> <td align="right">488,470 </td> <td align="right">375,191 </td> <td align="right">17.7 </td> <td align="right">10.0 </td> <td align="right">7.7 </td> <td>-1.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953 </td> <td align="right">47,957,000 </td> <td align="right">860,345 </td> <td align="right">484,527 </td> <td align="right">375,818 </td> <td align="right">17.5 </td> <td align="right">9.9 </td> <td align="right">7.6 </td> <td>-0.5 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954 </td> <td align="right">48,299,000 </td> <td align="right">881,845 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">445,902 </td> <td align="right">435,943 </td> <td align="right">18.0 </td> <td style="color: blue">9.1 </td> <td align="right">8.9 </td> <td>-2.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955 </td> <td align="right">48,633,000 </td> <td align="right">879,130 </td> <td align="right">449,058 </td> <td align="right">430,072 </td> <td align="right">17.9 </td> <td align="right">9.2 </td> <td align="right">8.7 </td> <td>-2.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956 </td> <td align="right">48,920,000 </td> <td align="right">884,043 </td> <td align="right">499,504 </td> <td align="right">384,539 </td> <td align="right">17.9 </td> <td align="right">10.2 </td> <td align="right">7.7 </td> <td>-2.4 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957 </td> <td align="right">49,181,000 </td> <td align="right">885,812 </td> <td align="right">483,558 </td> <td align="right">402.254 </td> <td align="right">17.9 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right">8.0 </td> <td>-2.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958 </td> <td align="right">49,475,000 </td> <td align="right">880,361 </td> <td align="right">459,366 </td> <td align="right">420,995 </td> <td align="right">17.6 </td> <td align="right">9.3 </td> <td align="right">8.3 </td> <td>-1.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td align="right">49,831,000 </td> <td align="right">910,628 </td> <td align="right">454,547 </td> <td align="right">456,081 </td> <td align="right">18.1 </td> <td align="right">9.1 </td> <td align="right">9.0 </td> <td>-1.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.38 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960 </td> <td align="right">50,198,000 </td> <td align="right">923,004 </td> <td align="right">480,848 </td> <td align="right">442,156 </td> <td align="right">18.1 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td align="right">8.6 </td> <td>-2.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td align="right">50,523,000 </td> <td align="right">924,203 </td> <td align="right">460,009 </td> <td align="right">464,194 </td> <td align="right">18.4 </td> <td align="right">9.3 </td> <td align="right">9.1 </td> <td>-2.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962 </td> <td align="right">50,878,000 </td> <td align="right">945,842 </td> <td align="right">503,106 </td> <td align="right">442,736 </td> <td align="right">18.4 </td> <td align="right">10.0 </td> <td align="right">8.4 </td> <td>-1.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963 </td> <td align="right">51,251,000 </td> <td align="right">978,143 </td> <td align="right">514,000 </td> <td align="right">464,143 </td> <td align="right">18.8 </td> <td align="right">10.1 </td> <td align="right">8.7 </td> <td>-0.4 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964 </td> <td align="right">51,675,000 </td> <td align="right">1,035,207 </td> <td align="right">488,601 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">546,606 </td> <td align="right">19.7 </td> <td align="right">9.5 </td> <td align="right">10.2 </td> <td>-1.7 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965 </td> <td align="right">52,112,000 </td> <td align="right">1,017,944 </td> <td align="right">516,922 </td> <td align="right">501,022 </td> <td align="right">19.1 </td> <td align="right">10.0 </td> <td align="right">9.1 </td> <td>-1.3 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.66 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td align="right">52,518,000 </td> <td align="right">999,316 </td> <td align="right">493,562 </td> <td align="right">505,754 </td> <td align="right">18.7 </td> <td align="right">9.5 </td> <td align="right">9.2 </td> <td>-1.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967 </td> <td align="right">52,900,000 </td> <td align="right">962,197 </td> <td align="right">507,845 </td> <td align="right">454,352 </td> <td align="right">18.0 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td> <td align="right">8.3 </td> <td>-2.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.53 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968 </td> <td align="right">53,235,000 </td> <td align="right">944,837 </td> <td align="right">530,738 </td> <td align="right">414,099 </td> <td align="right">17.6 </td> <td align="right">10.1 </td> <td align="right">7.5 </td> <td>-1.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.49 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969 </td> <td align="right">53,538,000 </td> <td align="right">949,155 </td> <td align="right">530,348 </td> <td align="right">418,807 </td> <td align="right">17.5 </td> <td align="right">10.1 </td> <td align="right">7.4 </td> <td>-2.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.51 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td align="right">53,821,000 </td> <td align="right">917,496 </td> <td align="right">528,622 </td> <td align="right">388,874 </td> <td align="right">16.8 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td> <td align="right">7.1 </td> <td>-2.4 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td align="right">54,073,000 </td> <td align="right">911,084 </td> <td align="right">515,318 </td> <td align="right">395,766 </td> <td align="right">16.8 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td> <td align="right">7.1 </td> <td>-1.4 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td align="right">54,381,000 </td> <td align="right">893,061 </td> <td align="right">518,020 </td> <td align="right">375,041 </td> <td align="right">16.3 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td align="right">6.7 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td align="right">54,751,000 </td> <td align="right">887,953 </td> <td align="right">544,461 </td> <td align="right">343,492 </td> <td align="right">16.0 </td> <td align="right">10.0 </td> <td align="right">6.0 </td> <td>0.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td align="right">55,111,000 </td> <td align="right">886,310 </td> <td align="right">532,753 </td> <td align="right">353,557 </td> <td align="right">15.8 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td> <td align="right">6.1 </td> <td>-0.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td align="right">55,441,000 </td> <td align="right">841,858 </td> <td align="right">556,019 </td> <td align="right">285,839 </td> <td align="right">14.9 </td> <td align="right">10.0 </td> <td align="right">4.9 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976 </td> <td align="right">55,718,000 </td> <td align="right">806,358 </td> <td align="right">556,143 </td> <td align="right">250,215 </td> <td align="right">14.0 </td> <td align="right">9.9 </td> <td align="right">4.1 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">2.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977 </td> <td align="right">55,955,000 </td> <td align="right">757,281 </td> <td align="right">547,011 </td> <td align="right">210,270 </td> <td align="right">13.2 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right">3.5 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td align="right">1.97 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td align="right">56,155,000 </td> <td align="right">720,545 </td> <td align="right">539,685 </td> <td align="right">180,860 </td> <td align="right">12.6 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td align="right">3.0 </td> <td>-0.1 </td> <td align="right">1.87 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td align="right">56,318,000 </td> <td align="right">682,742 </td> <td align="right">541,825 </td> <td align="right">140,917 </td> <td align="right">11.9 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td align="right">2.3 </td> <td>-0.2 </td> <td align="right">1.76 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td align="right">56,434,000 </td> <td align="right">657,278 </td> <td align="right">559,376 </td> <td align="right">97,902 </td> <td align="right">11.3 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right">1.5 </td> <td>-0.3 </td> <td align="right">1.68 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td align="right">56,502,000 </td> <td align="right">628,113 </td> <td align="right">540,764 </td> <td align="right">87,349 </td> <td align="right">11.0 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td> <td align="right">1.4 </td> <td>-0.7 </td> <td align="right">1.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td align="right">56,544,000 </td> <td align="right">634,678 </td> <td align="right">537,727 </td> <td align="right">96,951 </td> <td align="right">10.9 </td> <td align="right">9.5 </td> <td align="right">1.5 </td> <td>-1.1 </td> <td align="right">1.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983 </td> <td align="right">56,564,000 </td> <td align="right">612,936 </td> <td align="right">563,807 </td> <td align="right">49,129 </td> <td align="right">10.6 </td> <td align="right">10.0 </td> <td align="right">0.7 </td> <td>-0.5 </td> <td align="right">1.54 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td align="right">56,577,000 </td> <td align="right">597,560 </td> <td align="right">535,661 </td> <td align="right">61,899 </td> <td align="right">10.4 </td> <td align="right">9.5 </td> <td align="right">0.9 </td> <td>-0.6 </td> <td align="right">1.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td align="right">56,593,000 </td> <td align="right">589,233 </td> <td align="right">549,529 </td> <td align="right">39,704 </td> <td align="right">10.2 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td> <td align="right">0.5 </td> <td>-0.4 </td> <td align="right">1.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td align="right">56,596,000 </td> <td align="right">562,512 </td> <td align="right">545,189 </td> <td align="right">17,323 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right">9.5 </td> <td align="right">0.3 </td> <td>-0.2 </td> <td align="right">1.37 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td align="right">56,602,000 </td> <td align="right">560,265 </td> <td align="right">534,993 </td> <td align="right">25,272 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td> <td align="right">9.3 </td> <td align="right">0.5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td align="right">1.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td align="right">56,629,000 </td> <td align="right">577,856 </td> <td align="right">537,545 </td> <td align="right">40,311 </td> <td align="right">10.1 </td> <td align="right">9.5 </td> <td align="right">0.5 </td> <td>0.3 </td> <td align="right">1.38 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td align="right">56,672,000 </td> <td align="right">567,268 </td> <td align="right">531,557 </td> <td align="right">35,711 </td> <td align="right">9.9 </td> <td align="right">9.4 </td> <td align="right">0.5 </td> <td>0.3 </td> <td align="right">1.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td align="right">56,719,000 </td> <td align="right">580,761 </td> <td align="right">544,397 </td> <td align="right">36,364 </td> <td align="right">10.0 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td align="right">0.5 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td align="right">1.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td align="right">56,759,000 </td> <td align="right">556,175 </td> <td align="right">547,131 </td> <td align="right">9,044 </td> <td align="right">9.9 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right">0.2 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td align="right">1.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td align="right">56,797,000 </td> <td align="right">575,216 </td> <td align="right">545,038 </td> <td align="right">30,178 </td> <td align="right">10.0 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td align="right">0.4 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td align="right">1.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td align="right">56,832,000 </td> <td align="right">552,587 </td> <td align="right">555,043 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-2,456 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.1 </td> <td>0.3 </td> <td align="right">1.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td align="right">56,843,000 </td> <td align="right">536,665 </td> <td align="right">557,513 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-20,848 </td> <td align="right">9.4 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.4 </td> <td>0.4 </td> <td align="right">1.22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td align="right">56,844,000 </td> <td align="right">526,064 </td> <td align="right">555,203 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-29.139 </td> <td align="right">9.2 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.5 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">1.19 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td align="right">56,860,000 </td> <td align="right">536,740 </td> <td align="right">557,756 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-21,016 </td> <td align="right">9.3 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.5 </td> <td>1.0 </td> <td align="right">1.22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td align="right">56,890,000 </td> <td align="right">540,048 </td> <td align="right">564,679 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-24,631 </td> <td align="right">9.4 </td> <td align="right">9.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.5 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td align="right">1.23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td align="right">56,907,000 </td> <td align="right">532,843 </td> <td align="right">576,911 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-44,068 </td> <td align="right">9.3 </td> <td align="right">10.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.8 </td> <td>1.0 </td> <td align="right">1.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td align="right">56,917,000 </td> <td align="right">537,242 </td> <td align="right">571,356 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-34.114 </td> <td align="right">9.4 </td> <td align="right">10.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.5 </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td align="right">1.23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td align="right">56,942,000 </td> <td align="right">543,039 </td> <td align="right">560,241 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-17,202 </td> <td align="right">9.5 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.3 </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td align="right">1.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td align="right">56,974,000 </td> <td align="right">535,282 </td> <td align="right">548,254 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-12.972 </td> <td align="right">9.4 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.4 </td> <td>1.9 </td> <td align="right">1.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td align="right">57,059,000 </td> <td align="right">538,198 </td> <td align="right">557,393 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-19,195 </td> <td align="right">9.4 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.4 </td> <td>4.9 </td> <td align="right">1.27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td align="right">57,313,000 </td> <td align="right">544,063 </td> <td align="right">586,468 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-42,405 </td> <td align="right">9.5 </td> <td align="right">10.3 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.7 </td> <td>7.2 </td> <td align="right">1.29 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td align="right">57,685,000 </td> <td align="right">562,599 </td> <td align="right">546,658 </td> <td align="right">15,941 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right">9.5 </td> <td align="right">0.3 </td> <td>4.6 </td> <td align="right">1.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td align="right">57,969,000 </td> <td align="right">554,022 </td> <td align="right">567,304 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-13.282 </td> <td align="right">9.5 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.2 </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td align="right">1.33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td align="right">58,144,000 </td> <td align="right">560,010 </td> <td align="right">557,892 </td> <td align="right">2,118 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td align="right">0.0 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td align="right">1.37 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td align="right">58,438,000 </td> <td align="right">563,933 </td> <td align="right">570,801 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-6.868 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.2 </td> <td>6.9 </td> <td align="right">1.39 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td align="right">58,827,000 </td> <td align="right">576,659 </td> <td align="right">585,126 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-8,467 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right">9.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.1 </td> <td>4.7 </td> <td align="right">1.44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td align="right">59,095,000 </td> <td align="right">568,857 </td> <td align="right">591,663 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-22.806 </td> <td align="right">9.6 </td> <td align="right">9.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.3 </td> <td>3.4 </td> <td align="right">1.44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td align="right">59,277,000 </td> <td align="right">561,944 </td> <td align="right">587,488 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-25.544 </td> <td align="right">9.4 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.3 </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td align="right">1.44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td align="right">59,379,000 </td> <td align="right">546,585 </td> <td align="right">593,402 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-46,817 </td> <td align="right">9.1 </td> <td align="right">9.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-0.8 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td align="right">1.44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td align="right">59,540,000 </td> <td align="right">534,186 </td> <td align="right">612,883 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-78,697 </td> <td align="right">8.9 </td> <td align="right">10.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-1.3 </td> <td>13.0 </td> <td align="right">1.42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td align="right">60,234,000 </td> <td align="right">514,308 </td> <td align="right">600,744 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-86,436 </td> <td align="right">8.5 </td> <td align="right">10.0 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-1.4 </td> <td>10.6 </td> <td align="right">1.39 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td align="right">60,789,000 </td> <td align="right">502,596 </td> <td align="right">598,364 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-95,768 </td> <td align="right">8.3 </td> <td align="right">9.9 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-1.6 </td> <td>1.7 </td> <td align="right">1.38 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td align="right" style="color: blue">60,796,000 </td> <td align="right">485,780 </td> <td align="right">647,571 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-161,791 </td> <td align="right">8.1 </td> <td align="right">10.7 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-2.7 </td> <td>0.6 </td> <td align="right">1.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">60,666,000 </td> <td align="right">473,438 </td> <td align="right">615,261 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-141,823 </td> <td align="right">7.9 </td> <td align="right">10.2 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-2.4 </td> <td>1.0 </td> <td align="right">1.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">60,579,000 </td> <td align="right">458,151 </td> <td align="right">649,061 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-190,910 </td> <td align="right">7.6 </td> <td align="right">10.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-3.2 </td> <td>1.6 </td> <td align="right">1.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">60,484,000 </td> <td align="right">439,747 </td> <td align="right">633,133 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-193,386 </td> <td align="right">7.3 </td> <td align="right">10.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-3.2 </td> <td>-7.8 </td> <td align="right">1.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">59,816,673 </td> <td align="right">420,084 </td> <td align="right">634,417 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-214,333 </td> <td align="right">7.0 </td> <td align="right">10.6 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-3.6 </td> <td>0.7 </td> <td align="right">1.27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">59,641,488 </td> <td align="right">404,892 </td> <td align="right">740,317 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-335,425 </td> <td align="right">6.8 </td> <td align="right">12.4 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-5.6 </td> <td>-1.2 </td> <td align="right">1.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">59,236,213 </td> <td align="right">400,249 </td> <td align="right">701,346 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-301,097 </td> <td align="right">6.8 </td> <td align="right">11.8 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-5.2 </td> <td>1.7 </td> <td align="right">1.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">59,030,133 </td> <td align="right">393,333 </td> <td align="right">715,077 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-321,744 </td> <td align="right">6.8 </td> <td align="right">12.1 </td> <td align="right" style="color: red">-5.4 </td> <td>4.8 </td> <td align="right">1.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td style="color: red">58,997,201 </td> <td style="color: red">379,890 </td> <td>660,600 </td> <td style="color: red">-280,710 </td> <td style="color: red">6.4 </td> <td>11.2 </td> <td style="color: red">-4.8 </td> <td>4.7 </td> <td>1.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td style="color: red">58,989,741 </td> <td style="color: red"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color: red"> </td> <td style="color: red"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="color: red"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the year 2023 80,942 babies were born to at least one foreign parent which makes up 21.31% of all newborns in that year (20,084 or 5.29% were born to foreign mothers, 9,411 or 2.48% to foreign fathers, and 51,447 or 13.54% to two foreign parents). In Southern Italy (including Sicily and Sardinia) only 9.01 percent of all newborns had 1 or 2 foreign parents, while in Central and Northern Italy their share reached 23.72 and 30.01 percent, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_vital_statistics">Current vital statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Current vital statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-:1_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Period </th> <th>Live births </th> <th>Deaths </th> <th>Natural increase </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>January - August 2023</b> </td> <td>247,937 </td> <td>440,862 </td> <td>-192,925 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>January - August 2024</b> </td> <td>241,282 </td> <td>428,180 </td> <td>-186,898 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Difference</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> -6,655 (-2.68%) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> -12,682 (-2.88%) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> +6,027 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Total_fertility_rates_by_region">Total fertility rates by region</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Total fertility rates by region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">Total fertility rate</a> (TFR) in Italy by <a href="/wiki/Region_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Region of Italy">Region</a> as of 2023: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>2023 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Region of Italy">Region</a> </th> <th>TFR </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/45px-Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Trentino-Alto_Adige/S%C3%BCdtirol" title="Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol">Trentino-Alto Adige</a> </td> <td>1.42 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Sicily_%28revised%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sicily_%28revised%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Sicily_%28revised%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sicily_%28revised%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Sicily_%28revised%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sicily_%28revised%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> </td> <td>1.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Campania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Campania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Campania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Campania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Campania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Campania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> </td> <td>1.29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Calabria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Calabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Calabria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Calabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Calabria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Calabria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="692" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> </td> <td>1.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> </td> <td>1.22 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/23px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/35px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/45px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1163" data-file-height="776" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> </td> <td>1.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> </td> <td>1.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a> </td> <td>1.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Apulia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Apulia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Apulia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Apulia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Apulia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Apulia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> </td> <td>1.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/23px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/35px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/45px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> </td> <td>1.17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Marche.svg/23px-Flag_of_Marche.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Marche.svg/35px-Flag_of_Marche.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Marche.svg/45px-Flag_of_Marche.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a> </td> <td>1.17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a> </td> <td>1.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Liguria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liguria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Liguria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liguria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Liguria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Liguria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a> </td> <td>1.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/35px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/45px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a> </td> <td>1.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Tuscany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuscany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Tuscany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuscany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Tuscany.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tuscany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> </td> <td>1.12 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_Lazio.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lazio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_Lazio.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lazio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_Lazio.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lazio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="1101" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> </td> <td>1.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Umbria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Umbria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Umbria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Umbria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Umbria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Umbria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a> </td> <td>1.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Molise.svg/23px-Flag_of_Molise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Molise.svg/35px-Flag_of_Molise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Molise.svg/45px-Flag_of_Molise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a> </td> <td>1.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Basilicata.svg/23px-Flag_of_Basilicata.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Basilicata.svg/35px-Flag_of_Basilicata.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Basilicata.svg/45px-Flag_of_Basilicata.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="593" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a> </td> <td>1.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> </td> <td>0.91 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure_of_the_population">Structure of the population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Structure of the population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#EEBC35;">Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021): <sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="80pt">Age Group </th> <th width="80pt">Male </th> <th width="80pt">Female </th> <th width="80pt">Total </th> <th width="80pt">% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">Total </td> <td align="right">28 866 226 </td> <td align="right">30 369 987 </td> <td align="right">59 236 213 </td> <td align="right">100 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">0–4 </td> <td align="right">1 138 845 </td> <td align="right">1 077 665 </td> <td align="right">2 216 510 </td> <td align="right">3.74 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">5–9 </td> <td align="right">1 326 061 </td> <td align="right">1 252 279 </td> <td align="right">2 578 340 </td> <td align="right">4.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">10–14 </td> <td align="right">1 463 873 </td> <td align="right">1 377 822 </td> <td align="right">2 841 695 </td> <td align="right">4.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">15–19 </td> <td align="right">1 476 815 </td> <td align="right">1 380 198 </td> <td align="right">2 857 013 </td> <td align="right">4.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">20–24 </td> <td align="right">1 549 500 </td> <td align="right">1 407 840 </td> <td align="right">2 957 340 </td> <td align="right">4.99 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">25–29 </td> <td align="right">1 566 265 </td> <td align="right">1 479 314 </td> <td align="right">3 045 579 </td> <td align="right">5.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">30–34 </td> <td align="right">1 633 887 </td> <td align="right">1 592 259 </td> <td align="right">3 226 146 </td> <td align="right">5.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">35–39 </td> <td align="right">1 747 529 </td> <td align="right">1 735 723 </td> <td align="right">3 483 252 </td> <td align="right">5.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">40–44 </td> <td align="right">2 001 502 </td> <td align="right">2 007 068 </td> <td align="right">4 008 570 </td> <td align="right">6.77 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">45–49 </td> <td align="right">2 329 457 </td> <td align="right">2 363 044 </td> <td align="right">4 692 501 </td> <td align="right">7.92 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">50–54 </td> <td align="right">2 377 041 </td> <td align="right">2 440 634 </td> <td align="right">4 817 675 </td> <td align="right">8.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">55–59 </td> <td align="right">2 261 108 </td> <td align="right">2 362 857 </td> <td align="right">4 623 965 </td> <td align="right">7.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">60–64 </td> <td align="right">1 901 209 </td> <td align="right">2 044 887 </td> <td align="right">3 946 096 </td> <td align="right">6.66 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">65-69 </td> <td align="right">1 652 948 </td> <td align="right">1 821 385 </td> <td align="right">3 474 333 </td> <td align="right">5.87 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">70-74 </td> <td align="right">1 609 510 </td> <td align="right">1 831 661 </td> <td align="right">3 441 171 </td> <td align="right">5.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">75-79 </td> <td align="right">1 140 634 </td> <td align="right">1 406 576 </td> <td align="right">2 547 210 </td> <td align="right">4.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">80-84 </td> <td align="right">953 118 </td> <td align="right">1 324 845 </td> <td align="right">2 277 963 </td> <td align="right">3.85 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">85-89 </td> <td align="right">513 213 </td> <td align="right">882 889 </td> <td align="right">1 396 102 </td> <td align="right">2.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">90-94 </td> <td align="right">186 194 </td> <td align="right">443 464 </td> <td align="right">629 658 </td> <td align="right">1.06 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">95-99 </td> <td align="right">34 670 </td> <td align="right">123 247 </td> <td align="right">157 917 </td> <td align="right">0.27 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">100-104 </td> <td align="right">2 728 </td> <td align="right">13 404 </td> <td align="right">16 132 </td> <td align="right">0.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">105-109 </td> <td align="right">117 </td> <td align="right">907 </td> <td align="right">1 024 </td> <td align="right"><0.01 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">110+ </td> <td align="right">2 </td> <td align="right">19 </td> <td align="right">21 </td> <td align="right"><0.01 </td></tr> <tr> <th width="50">Age group </th> <th width="80pt">Male </th> <th width="80">Female </th> <th width="80">Total </th> <th width="50">Percent </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">0–14 </td> <td align="right">3 928 779 </td> <td align="right">3 707 766 </td> <td align="right">7 636 545 </td> <td align="right">12.89 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">15–64 </td> <td align="right">18 844 313 </td> <td align="right">18 813 824 </td> <td align="right">37 658 137 </td> <td align="right">63.57 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">65+ </td> <td align="right">6 093 134 </td> <td align="right">7 848 397 </td> <td align="right">13 941 531 </td> <td align="right">23.54 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Obesity – adult prevalence rate</b> </p> <dl><dd></dd> <dd>19.9% (2016) Country comparison to the world: 108</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Employment_and_income">Employment and income</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Employment and income"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unemployment, youth ages 15–24: </p> <dl><dd>total: 32.2%. Country comparison to the world: 26th</dd> <dd>male: 30.4%</dd> <dd>female: 34.8% (2018 est.)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Immigration">Immigration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration to Italy</a></div> <p>Since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, and more recently, the <a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2004</a> and <a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2007</a> enlargements of the European Union, Italy received growing flows of migrants from the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe (especially <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second most important area of immigration to Italy has always been the neighboring North Africa (especially <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, in recent years, growing migration fluxes from the Far East (notably, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>) and Latin America (<a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>) have been recorded. </p><p>Italy does not collect data on ethnicity or race of the country, but does collect data on nationality of its residents.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, <a href="/wiki/Istat" class="mw-redirect" title="Istat">Istat</a> estimated that 5,171,894 foreign citizens lived in Italy, representing about 8.7% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-id2020_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-id2020-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These figures do not include <a href="/wiki/Naturalized" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalized">naturalized</a> foreign-born residents (121,457 foreigners acquired <a href="/wiki/Italian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian citizenship">Italian citizenship</a> in 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigrants">illegal immigrants</a>, the so-called <i>clandestini</i>, whose numbers, difficult to determine, are thought to be at least 670,000.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> made up the largest community in the country (1,145,718; around 10% of them being ethnic <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), followed by <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> (441,027) and <a href="/wiki/Moroccans" title="Moroccans">Moroccans</a> (422,980).<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fourth largest community of foreign residents in Italy was represented by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of Chinese living in Italy are from the city of <a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a> in the province of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Breaking down the foreign-born population by continent, in 2020 the figures were as follows: Europe (54%), Africa (22%), Asia (16%), the Americas (8%) and Oceania (0.06%). The distribution of immigrants is largely uneven in Italy: 83% of immigrants live in the northern and central parts of the country (the most economically developed areas), while only 17% live in the southern half of the peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Net migration rate</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>3.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 34th</dd> <dd></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">Nationality groups </th> <th colspan="14">Year </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">2002<sup id="cite_ref-:12_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2005<sup id="cite_ref-:12_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2010<sup id="cite_ref-:12_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2015<sup id="cite_ref-:12_77-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2019<sup id="cite_ref-:13_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2021<sup id="cite_ref-:14_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2023<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> Italians </th> <th>55,651,856 </th> <th>97.64% </th> <th>55,775,350 </th> <th>96.09% </th> <th>55,853,967 </th> <th>93.57% </th> <th>55,460,252 </th> <th>91.98% </th> <th>54,820,515 </th> <th>91.65% </th> <th>54,064,319 </th> <th>91.27% </th> <th>53,855,860 </th> <th>91.29% </th></tr> <tr> <th>Foreigners </th> <th>1,341,414 </th> <th>2.36% </th> <th>2,269,018 </th> <th>3.91% </th> <th>3,836,349 </th> <th>6.43% </th> <th>4,835,245 </th> <th>8.02% </th> <th>4,996,158 </th> <th>8.35% </th> <th>5,171,894 </th> <th>8.73% </th> <th>5,141,341 </th> <th>8.71% </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> EU-27 </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,472,847 </td> <td>2.46% </td> <td>1,406,623 </td> <td>2.47% </td> <td>1,393,782 </td> <td>2.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other European </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,036,761 </td> <td>1.73% </td> <td>1,053,765 </td> <td>1.78% </td> <td>1,024,029 </td> <td>1.74% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Northern Africa </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>639,994 </td> <td>1.07% </td> <td>689,649 </td> <td>1.16% </td> <td>689,083 </td> <td>1.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central and South Asia </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>528,182 </td> <td>0.88% </td> <td>605,000 </td> <td>1.02% </td> <td>619,671 </td> <td>1.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eastern Asia </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>464,557 </td> <td>0.78% </td> <td>521,686 </td> <td>0.88% </td> <td>489,804 </td> <td>0.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western Africa </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>389,602 </td> <td>0.65% </td> <td>400,112 </td> <td>0.68% </td> <td>401,218 </td> <td>0.68% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central and South America </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>345,466 </td> <td>0.58% </td> <td>366,062 </td> <td>0.62% </td> <td>370,415 </td> <td>0.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western Asia </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>36,914 </td> <td>– </td> <td>44,272 </td> <td>– </td> <td>71,761 </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eastern Africa </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>37,131 </td> <td>– </td> <td>35,486 </td> <td>– </td> <td>35,833 </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central and South Africa </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>24,919 </td> <td>– </td> <td>25,343 </td> <td>– </td> <td>25,299 </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Northern America </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>17,082 </td> <td>– </td> <td>21,216 </td> <td>– </td> <td>17,812 </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oceania </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,120 </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,248 </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,991 </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stateless </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>583 </td> <td>– </td> <td>432 </td> <td>– </td> <td>643 </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>56,993,270 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>58,044,368 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>59,690,316 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>60,295,497 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>59,816,673 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>59,236,213 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>58,997,201 </th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COB_data_Italy.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/COB_data_Italy.PNG/300px-COB_data_Italy.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/COB_data_Italy.PNG/450px-COB_data_Italy.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/COB_data_Italy.PNG/600px-COB_data_Italy.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Italy is home to a large population of migrants from Eastern Europe and North Africa.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Total foreign resident population on 1 January<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>2002</td> <td>1,341,209<sup id="cite_ref-ricostruzione_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricostruzione-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003</td> <td>1,464,663<sup id="cite_ref-ricostruzione_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricostruzione-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004</td> <td>1,854,748<sup id="cite_ref-ricostruzione_82-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricostruzione-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td>2,210,478<sup id="cite_ref-ricostruzione_82-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricostruzione-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td>2,419,483<sup id="cite_ref-ricostruzione_82-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricostruzione-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007</td> <td>2,592,950<sup id="cite_ref-ricostruzione_82-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricostruzione-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td>3,023,317<sup id="cite_ref-ricostruzione_82-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricostruzione-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td>3,402,435<sup id="cite_ref-ricostruzione_82-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricostruzione-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>3,648,128<sup id="cite_ref-ricostruzione_82-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricostruzione-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>3,879,224<sup id="cite_ref-ricostruzione_82-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricostruzione-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>4,052,081<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td>4,387,721<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td>4,922,085<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td>5,014,437<sup id="cite_ref-ISTAT2015_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISTAT2015-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td>5,026,153<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td>5,047,028<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td>5,144,440<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td>5,255,503<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td>5,013,215<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>5,171,894 (8.7%)<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>There are, as of 2022, 5,030,716 Foreign-born residents, accounting for 8.5% of the total population. </p><p>Their distribution by country of origin was as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Population<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td>1,081,836 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td>416,829 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td>415,088 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td>307,038 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td>249,613 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </td> <td>174,058 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>167,333 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td>158,926 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td>147,797 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td>144,129 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td> <td>123,646 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> </td> <td>112,598 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </td> <td>109,828 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> </td> <td>109,804 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td> <td>102,422 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td>98,733 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td>74,387 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td> <td>63,211 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>51,125 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </td> <td>51,090 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td>49,518 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </td> <td>47,335 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>39,705 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> </td> <td>36,372 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>34,003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td>30,835 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>29,942 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td>29,571 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>29,222 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> </td> <td>28,559 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>27,854 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>27,758 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td>23,351 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td>22,693 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a> </td> <td>22,637 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> </td> <td>21,032 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td>20,856 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </td> <td>20,454 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy_migration_data">Italy migration data</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Italy migration data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <caption>Italy Migration Data of Italian nationals (1971-2014) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Emigration</th> <th>Immigration</th> <th>Net Migration </th></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td>167,721</td> <td>128,572</td> <td>-39,149 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972</td> <td>141,852</td> <td>138,246</td> <td>-3,606 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973</td> <td>123,802</td> <td>125,168</td> <td>1,366 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974</td> <td>112,020</td> <td>116,708</td> <td>4,688 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975</td> <td>92,666</td> <td>122,774</td> <td>30,108 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976</td> <td>97,247</td> <td>115,997</td> <td>18,750 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977</td> <td>87,655</td> <td>101,985</td> <td>14,330 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978</td> <td>85,550</td> <td>89,897</td> <td>4,347 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979</td> <td>88,950</td> <td>91,693</td> <td>2,743 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980</td> <td>84,877</td> <td>90,463</td> <td>5,586 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981</td> <td>89,221</td> <td>88,886</td> <td>-335 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982</td> <td>98,241</td> <td>92,423</td> <td>-5,818 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983</td> <td>85,138</td> <td>87,804</td> <td>2,666 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984</td> <td>77,318</td> <td>77,002</td> <td>-316 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td>66,737</td> <td>67,277</td> <td>540 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986</td> <td>57,862</td> <td>56,006</td> <td>-1,856 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987</td> <td>38,305</td> <td>57,665</td> <td>19,360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988</td> <td>36,660</td> <td>52,562</td> <td>15,902 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989</td> <td>59,894</td> <td>53,893</td> <td>-6,001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td>48,916</td> <td>70,035</td> <td>21,119 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991</td> <td>51,478</td> <td>56,004</td> <td>4,526 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992</td> <td>50,226</td> <td>54,849</td> <td>4,623 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993</td> <td>54,980</td> <td>49,261</td> <td>-5,719 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994</td> <td>59,402</td> <td>46,761</td> <td>-12,641 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995</td> <td>34,886</td> <td>28,472</td> <td>-6,414 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996</td> <td>39,017</td> <td>28,816</td> <td>-10,201 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997</td> <td>38,984</td> <td>30,352</td> <td>-8,632 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998</td> <td>38,148</td> <td>29,946</td> <td>-8,202 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999</td> <td>56,283</td> <td>32,152</td> <td>-24,131 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td>47,480</td> <td>34,411</td> <td>-13,069 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001</td> <td>46,901</td> <td>35,416</td> <td>-11,485 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002</td> <td>34,056</td> <td>44,476</td> <td>10,420 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003</td> <td>39,866</td> <td>47,530</td> <td>7,664 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004</td> <td>39,155</td> <td>41,794</td> <td>2,639 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td>41,991</td> <td>37,326</td> <td>-4,665 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td>46,308</td> <td>37,666</td> <td>-8,642 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007</td> <td>36,299</td> <td>36,693</td> <td>394 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td>39,536</td> <td>32,118</td> <td>-7,418 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td>39,024</td> <td>29,330</td> <td>-9,694 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>39,545</td> <td>28,192</td> <td>-11,353 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>50,057</td> <td>31,466</td> <td>-18,591 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>67,998</td> <td>29,467</td> <td>-38,531 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td>82,095</td> <td>28,433</td> <td>-53,662 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td>88,859</td> <td>29,271</td> <td>-59,588 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Italy Immigration and Emigration Data </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Immigration</th> <th>Emigration</th> <th>Net Migration </th></tr> <tr> <td>2002</td> <td>316,278</td> <td>51,494</td> <td>264,784 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003</td> <td>356,452</td> <td>54,512</td> <td>301,940 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004</td> <td>358,415</td> <td>59,885</td> <td>298,530 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td>413,531</td> <td>56,688</td> <td>356,843 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td>466,718</td> <td>60,471</td> <td>406,247 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007</td> <td>527,070</td> <td>66,125</td> <td>460,945 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td>535,349</td> <td>80,894</td> <td>454,455 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td>459,483</td> <td>82,884</td> <td>376,599 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>458,856</td> <td>92,585</td> <td>366,271 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>386,638</td> <td>79,894</td> <td>306,744 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>321,324</td> <td>106,177</td> <td>215,147 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td>307,454</td> <td>114,000</td> <td>193,454 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td>277,631</td> <td>136,328</td> <td>141,303 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td>280,078</td> <td>147,649</td> <td>132,429 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td>300,823</td> <td>157,627</td> <td>143,196 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td>343,440</td> <td>155,135</td> <td>188,305 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td>332,324</td> <td>157,417</td> <td>174,907 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td>307,382</td> <td>161,075</td> <td>146,307 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td>248,070</td> <td>160,579</td> <td>87,491 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td>247,516</td> <td>137,458</td> <td>110,058 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022</td> <td>345,716</td> <td>141,028</td> <td>204,688 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023</td> <td>362,649</td> <td>146,231</td> <td>216,418 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">Regional Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages of Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy#Historical_linguistic_minorities" title="Languages of Italy">Historical linguistic minorities of Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linguistic_map_of_Italy_-_Legend.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Linguistic_map_of_Italy_-_Legend.svg/250px-Linguistic_map_of_Italy_-_Legend.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="411" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Linguistic_map_of_Italy_-_Legend.svg/375px-Linguistic_map_of_Italy_-_Legend.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Linguistic_map_of_Italy_-_Legend.svg/500px-Linguistic_map_of_Italy_-_Legend.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Local languages spoken in Italy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Italy's official language is Italian; <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a> has estimated that there are about 55 million speakers of Italian in the country and a further 6.7 million outside of it, primarily in the neighboring countries and in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a> worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue.com_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue.com-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian, adopted by the central state after the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unification of Italy</a>, is a language based on the <a href="/wiki/Florentine_dialect" title="Florentine dialect">Florentine</a> variety of <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuscan language">Tuscan</a> and is somewhat intermediate between the <a href="/wiki/Italo-Dalmatian_languages" title="Italo-Dalmatian languages">Italo-Dalmatian languages</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Romance_languages" title="Gallo-Romance languages">Gallo-Romance languages</a>. Its development was also influenced by the Germanic languages of the <a href="/wiki/Migration_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration period">post-Roman invaders</a>. When Italy unified in 1861, only 3% of the population spoke Italian,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though an estimated 90% of Italians speak Italian as their L1 nowadays.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Italy is in fact one of the most linguistically diverse countries in Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as there are not only <a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">varieties of Italian</a> specific to each cultural region, but also distinct <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">regional and minority languages</a>. The establishment of the national education system has led to the emergence of the former and a decrease in the use of the latter. The spread of Italian was further expanded in the 1950s and 1960s, because of the economic growth and the rise of mass media and television, with the state broadcaster (<a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a>) setting a colloquial variety of Italian to which the population would be exposed. </p><p>As a way to distance itself from the <a href="/wiki/Italianization" title="Italianization">Italianization</a> policies promoted because of <a href="/wiki/Italian_nationalism" title="Italian nationalism">nationalism</a>, Italy recognized twelve languages as the Country's "<a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy#Historical_linguistic_minorities" title="Languages of Italy">historical linguistic minorities</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are promoted alongside Italian in their respective territories. French is co-official in the <a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a> as the province's <a href="/wiki/Prestige_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prestige (linguistics)">prestige variety</a>, under which the more commonly spoken <a href="/wiki/Franco-Provencal" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Provencal">Franco-Provencal</a> dialects have been historically roofed.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German has the same status in the province of <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">South Tyrol</a> as, in some parts of that province and in parts of the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Trentino" title="Trentino">Trentino</a>, does <a href="/wiki/Ladin_language" title="Ladin language">Ladin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Friulian_language" title="Friulian language">Friulian</a> are officially recognised in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Trieste" title="Province of Trieste">Trieste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Gorizia" title="Province of Gorizia">Gorizia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Udine" title="Province of Udine">Udine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Venezia Giulia</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_language" title="Sardinian language">Sardinian language</a> has been the language traditionally spoken and is often regarded by linguists as constituting its own branch of Romance;<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the 1990s, Sardinian has been recognized as "having equal dignity" with Italian,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the introduction of which to the island officially started under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a> in the 18th century. </p><p>In these regions, official documents are either bilingual (trilingual in Ladin communities) in the co-official language(s) by default, or available as such upon request. Traffic signs are also multilingual, except in the Valle d'Aosta where French toponyms are generally used, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a> itself, which has retained its Latin form in Italian as well as English. Attempts to Italianize them, especially during the Fascist period, have been formally abandoned. Education is possible in minority languages where such schools are operating. </p><p><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> and other authorities recognize a number of other languages which are not legally protected by Italian government: <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_language" title="Piedmontese language">Piedmontese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ligurian_(Romance_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligurian (Romance language)">Ligurian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language">Lombard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emiliano-Romagnolo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Emiliano-Romagnolo language">Emilian-Romagnolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_language" title="Neapolitan language">Neapolitan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Religion in Italy</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1987.7609902728px; border-left-color:Black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Black"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 314.47802847242px; border-left-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:White"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 101.26459941541px; border-left-color:GreenYellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:GreenYellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:GreenYellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 84.866196759027px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 83.79106495049px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 80.632210452218px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 76.566454547802px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 67.045312531323px; border-left-color:DarkGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkGreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 54.975465219277px; border-left-color:DarkBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 52.545710044679px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 27.019522207315px; border-left-color:SkyBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:SkyBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:SkyBlue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Italy according to the <a href="/wiki/Eurobarometer" title="Eurobarometer">Eurobarometer</a> survey, 2021<sup id="cite_ref-2021_Eurobarometer_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Eurobarometer-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:SkyBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> (79.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> (3.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkBlue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (0.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkGreen; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">Other Christian</a> (1.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (1.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (0.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> (0.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> (0.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:GreenYellow; color:black;"> </span> Other (1.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:White; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a> (7.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Black; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a> (4.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;"> </span> Undeclared (1.0%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> is by far the largest religion in the country, although the Catholic Church is no longer officially the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a>. In 2006, 87.8% of Italy's population self-identified as Roman Catholic,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although only about one-third of these described themselves as active members (36.8%). In 2016, 71.1% of <i>Italian citizens</i> self-identified as Roman Catholic.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This increased again to 78% in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-2016Montaigne-IFOP_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016Montaigne-IFOP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most Italians believe in God, or a form of a spiritual life force. According to a <a href="/wiki/Eurobarometer" title="Eurobarometer">Eurobarometer</a> Poll in 2005:<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 74% of Italian citizens responded that 'they believe there is a God', 16% answered that 'they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force' and 6% answered that 'they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force'. There are no data collected through census. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Italian Catholic Church is part of the global Roman Catholic Church, under the leadership of the Pope, <a href="/wiki/Curia" title="Curia">curia</a> in Rome, and the <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Italian_Bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Conference of Italian Bishops">Conference of Italian Bishops</a>. In addition to Italy, two other sovereign nations are included in Italian-based dioceses, <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>. There are 225 dioceses in the Italian Catholic Church, see further in this article and in the article <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Roman_Catholic_dioceses_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the Roman Catholic dioceses in Italy">List of the Roman Catholic dioceses in Italy</a>. Even though by law Vatican City is not part of Italy, it is in Rome, and along with <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, Italian is the most spoken and second language of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Italy has a rich <a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Catholic culture</a>, especially as numerous Catholic <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyrs</a> and popes were Italian themselves. Roman Catholic art in Italy especially flourished during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> periods, with numerous Italian artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fra_Angelico" title="Fra Angelico">Fra Angelico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli" title="Sandro Botticelli">Sandro Botticelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tintoretto" title="Tintoretto">Tintoretto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giotto" title="Giotto">Giotto</a>. Roman Catholic architecture in Italy is equally as rich and impressive, with churches, basilicas and cathedrals such as <a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="St Peter's Basilica">St Peter's Basilica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence_Cathedral" title="Florence Cathedral">Florence Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Basilica" title="St Mark's Basilica">St Mark's Basilica</a>. Roman Catholicism is the largest religion and denomination in Italy, with around 71.1% of Italians considering themselves Catholic. Italy is also home to the greatest number of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinals</a> in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the country with the greatest number of Roman Catholic churches per capita.<sup id="cite_ref-kwintessential.co.uk_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kwintessential.co.uk-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Maria_del_Fiore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Santa_Maria_del_Fiore.jpg/220px-Santa_Maria_del_Fiore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Santa_Maria_del_Fiore.jpg/330px-Santa_Maria_del_Fiore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Santa_Maria_del_Fiore.jpg/440px-Santa_Maria_del_Fiore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Fiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria del Fiore">Santa Maria del Fiore</a> cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, which has the biggest brick dome in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is considered a masterpiece of Italian architecture.</figcaption></figure> <p>Even though the main Christian denomination in Italy is Roman Catholicism, there are some minorities of <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waldensian" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldensian">Waldensian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> and other Christian churches. </p><p>Immigration from <a href="/wiki/Western_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Africa">Western</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a>, and Eastern Africa at the beginning of the 21st century has increased the size of <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a>, Pentecostal and Evangelical communities in Italy, while immigration from Eastern Europe has produced large Eastern Orthodox communities. </p><p>In 2006, Protestants made up 2.1% of Italy's population, and members of Eastern Orthodox churches comprised 1.2% or more than 700,000 Eastern Orthodox Christians including 180,000 <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 550,000 Pentecostals and Evangelists (0.8%), of whom 400,000 are members of the <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a>, about 250,000 are <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> (0.4%),<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 30,000 <a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 25,000 <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventists">Seventh-day Adventists</a>, 22,000 Mormons, 15,000 Baptists (plus some 5,000 Free Baptists), 7,000 <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutherans</a>, 4,000 <a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a> (affiliated with the Waldensian Church).<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_religions">Other religions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The longest-established religious faith in Italy is Judaism, Jews having been present in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> before the birth of Christ. Italy has seen many influential Italian-Jews, such as prime minister <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Luzzatti" title="Luigi Luzzatti">Luigi Luzzatti</a>, who took office in 1910, <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Nathan" title="Ernesto Nathan">Ernesto Nathan</a> served as mayor of Rome from 1907 to 1913 and <a href="/wiki/Shabbethai_Donnolo" title="Shabbethai Donnolo">Shabbethai Donnolo</a> (died 982). During the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a>, Italy took in many Jewish refugees from <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> Germany. However, with the creation of the Nazi-backed puppet <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a>, about 15% of 48,000 Italian Jews were killed. This, together with the emigration that preceded and followed the Second World War, has left only a small community of around 45,000 Jews in Italy today. </p><p>Due to immigration from around the world, there has been an increase in non-Christian religions. As of 2009, there were 1.0 million <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> in Italy<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forming 1.6 percent of population; independent estimates put the Islamic population in Italy anywhere from 0.8 million<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 1.5 million.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 50,000 Italian Muslims hold <a href="/wiki/Italian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian citizenship">Italian citizenship</a>. </p><p>There are more than 200,000 followers of faiths originating in the Indian subcontinent, including some 70,000 <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> with 22 <a href="/wiki/Gurdwaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurdwaras">gurdwaras</a> across the country,<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 70,000 <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, and 50,000 <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were an estimated 4,900 <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Bahá'ís</a> in Italy in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-WCE-05_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCE-05-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Literacy</b> </p> <dl><dd></dd> <dd><i>definition:</i> age 15 and over can read and write</dd> <dd>total population: 99.2%</dd> <dd>male: 99.4%</dd> <dd>female: 99% (2018 est.)</dd></dl> <p><b>School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)</b> </p> <dl><dd></dd> <dd>total: 16 years</dd> <dd>male: 16 years</dd> <dd>female: 17 years (2018)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics_and_ethnic_groups">Genetics and ethnic groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Genetics and ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">Genetic history of Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Principal_Component_Analysis_of_the_Italian_population.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Principal_Component_Analysis_of_the_Italian_population.png/220px-Principal_Component_Analysis_of_the_Italian_population.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Principal_Component_Analysis_of_the_Italian_population.png/330px-Principal_Component_Analysis_of_the_Italian_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Principal_Component_Analysis_of_the_Italian_population.png/440px-Principal_Component_Analysis_of_the_Italian_population.png 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="897" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Principal_Component_Analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Principal Component Analysis">Principal Component Analysis</a> of the Italian population.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">genetic history of Italy</a> is greatly influenced by geography and history. The ancestors of Italians are mostly <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> speakers (<a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscans">Oscans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicels" title="Sicels">Sicels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti" title="Adriatic Veneti">Adriatic Veneti</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Celts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iapygians" title="Iapygians">Iapygians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Greeks</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Pre-Indo-European_languages" title="Pre-Indo-European languages">pre-Indo-European</a> speakers (<a href="/wiki/Etruscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscans">Etruscans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhaetians" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhaetians">Rhaetians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camunni" title="Camunni">Camunni</a> in mainland Italy, <a href="/wiki/Sicani" title="Sicani">Sicani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elymians" title="Elymians">Elymians</a> in Sicily and the <a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic people</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>). During the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">imperial period</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>, the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Rome">city of Rome</a> was also home to people from various regions throughout the Mediterranean basin, including <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Antonio_2019_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antonio_2019-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on DNA analysis, there is evidence of ancient regional genetic substructure and continuity within modern Italy dating to the pre-Roman and Roman periods.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Raveane_2019_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raveane_2019-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Capocasa_2014_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capocasa_2014-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Modietal_2020_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modietal_2020-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the Italian population, there is enough <a href="/wiki/Italian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian culture">cultural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">linguistic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">genetic</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy#Unification_(1814–1861)" title="History of Italy">historical</a> diversity for them to constitute several distinct groups throughout the peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this regard, peoples like the <a href="/wiki/Friulians" title="Friulians">Friulians</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ladin_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladin people">Ladins</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_people" title="Sardinian people">Sardinians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">South Tyroleans</a>, who also happen to constitute recognized linguistic minorities, or even the <a href="/wiki/Sicilians" title="Sicilians">Sicilians</a> who are not, are cases in point, attesting to such internal diversity. </p><p>Linguistic minorities in Italy include Sardu-speakers 1 million, Tyrolese German-speakers 350,000, Albanians 70,000 – 100,000, Slovenes 60,000, Franco-Provençal-speakers 50,000 – 70,000, Occitans 20,000 – 40,000, Ladins 30,000, Catalans 15,000, Greek-speakers 12,000, Croatians 3,000 and Friulians 600,000. The <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> community is one of the largest ethnic minorities in Italy. Due to the lack of disaggregated data the size of the Italian Roma community remains unknown. The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> estimates that between 120,000 and 180,000 Roma live in Italy. A significant proportion of Roma in Italy do not have Italian citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italians">List of Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Brazilians" title="Italian Brazilians">Italian Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Argentines" title="Italian Argentines">Italian Argentines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Venezuelans" title="Italian Venezuelans">Italian Venezuelans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Italy" title="Romani people in Italy">Romani people in Italy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The figures for 2002–2011 have been revised downwards as a result of the 15th General Census of Italy which offered more precise data. The figures since 2012 are calculated adding to the foreign population enumerated by the census the foreign population inflows and outflows recorded in all Italian municipalities during each calendar year.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://demo.istat.it/app/?i=D7B&l=it">"Istat: Bilancio demografico Mensile"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Istat%3A+Bilancio+demografico+Mensile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fapp%2F%3Fi%3DD7B%26l%3Dit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/222483">"La mortalità in Italia sotto i 5 anni: aggiornamento dei dati per causa, territorio e cittadinanza"</a>. <i>Istat.it</i>. <a href="/wiki/Istat" class="mw-redirect" title="Istat">Istat</a>. 18 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Istat.it&rft.atitle=La+mortalit%C3%A0+in+Italia+sotto+i+5+anni%3A+aggiornamento+dei+dati+per+causa%2C+territorio+e+cittadinanza&rft.date=2018-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fit%2Farchivio%2F222483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istat.it/storage/rapporto-annuale/2019/capitolo3.pdf">"Tendenze demografiche"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>istat.it</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dati+dell%27ambasciata+italiana+in+Brasile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ambbrasilia.esteri.it%2FAmbasciata_Brasilia%2FMenu%2FI_rapporti_bilaterali%2FCooperazione_politica%2FStoria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090203232051/http://www.italplanet.it/interna.asp?sez=143&info=2344&ln=0">"Italiani in Brasile"</a> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.italplanet.it/interna.asp?sez=143&info=2344&ln=0">the original</a> on 3 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italiani+in+Brasile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italplanet.it%2Finterna.asp%3Fsez%3D143%26info%3D2344%26ln%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaMatanza-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaMatanza_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartamento_de_Derecho_y_Ciencias_Políticas_de_la_Universidad_Nacional_de_La_Matanza2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Departamento de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas de la <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_La_Matanza" title="National University of La Matanza">Universidad Nacional de La Matanza</a> (14 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715055112/http://argentinainvestiga.edu.ar/noticia.php?titulo=historias_de_inmigrantes_italianos_en_argentina&id=1432#.VaX01KR9VPw">"Historias de inmigrantes italianos en Argentina"</a> (in Spanish). infouniversidades.siu.edu.ar. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infouniversidades.siu.edu.ar/noticia.php?titulo=historias_de_inmigrantes_italianos_en_argentina&id=1432#.U2cKkYHa70s">the original</a> on 15 July 2015. <q>Se estima que en la actualidad, el 90% de la población argentina tiene alguna ascendencia europea y que al menos 25 millones están relacionados con algún inmigrante de Italia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historias+de+inmigrantes+italianos+en+Argentina&rft.pub=infouniversidades.siu.edu.ar&rft.date=2011-11-14&rft.au=Departamento+de+Derecho+y+Ciencias+Pol%C3%ADticas+de+la+Universidad+Nacional+de+La+Matanza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfouniversidades.siu.edu.ar%2Fnoticia.php%3Ftitulo%3Dhistorias_de_inmigrantes_italianos_en_argentina%26id%3D1432%23.U2cKkYHa70s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-italianamericanstudies-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-italianamericanstudies_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.italianamericanstudies.net/blogs/welcome-to-the-most-italian-place-in-the-united-states-its-in-new-jersey">"Welcome to the most Italian place in the United States. It's in New Jersey"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+most+Italian+place+in+the+United+States.+It%27s+in+New+Jersey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.italianamericanstudies.net%2Fblogs%2Fwelcome-to-the-most-italian-place-in-the-united-states-its-in-new-jersey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BLo2RqGdv_wC&pg=PA143">The Cambridge survey of world migration</a></i>". Robin Cohen (1995). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 143. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-44405-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-44405-5">0-521-44405-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ilgazzettino-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ilgazzettino_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilgazzettino.it/nordest/venezia/veneti_venezuela_profughi_fantasma-5025889.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Noi veneti del Venezuela, siamo i nuovi profughi fantasma"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.ilgazzettino.it</i> (in Italian). 3 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ilgazzettino.it&rft.atitle=%22Noi+veneti+del+Venezuela%2C+siamo+i+nuovi+profughi+fantasma%22&rft.date=2020-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilgazzettino.it%2Fnordest%2Fvenezia%2Fveneti_venezuela_profughi_fantasma-5025889.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC_Color-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABC_Color_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.com.py/articulos/los-italianos-y-su-aporte-a-la-nacion-259396.html">"Los italianos y su aporte a la nación - Articulos - ABC Color"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Los+italianos+y+su+aporte+a+la+naci%C3%B3n+-+Articulos+-+ABC+Color&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.com.py%2Farticulos%2Flos-italianos-y-su-aporte-a-la-nacion-259396.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC_Color2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABC_Color2_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.com.py/nacionales/nacionalidad-italo-paraguaya-es-un-hecho-segun-embajador-italiano-1758782.html">"Ya se puede sacar la nacionalidad italiana"</a> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ya+se+puede+sacar+la+nacionalidad+italiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.com.py%2Fnacionales%2Fnacionalidad-italo-paraguaya-es-un-hecho-segun-embajador-italiano-1758782.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Última_Hora,_37%-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Última_Hora,_37%_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ultimahora.com/destacan-influencia-migracion-italiana-la-sociedad-paraguaya-n1106382.html">"Destacan influencia de migración italiana en la sociedad paraguaya"</a> (in Spanish). 7 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilmondo.tv/it/notizie-emigrazione/3410-convenzioni-inps-estere-fedi-sollecita-nuova-zelanda-ma-anche-cile-e-filippine.html">the original</a> on 9 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Convenzioni+Inps+estere%2C+Fedi+sollecita+Nuova+Zelanda+ma+anche+Cile+e+Filippine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmondo.tv%2Fit%2Fnotizie-emigrazione%2F3410-convenzioni-inps-estere-fedi-sollecita-nuova-zelanda-ma-anche-cile-e-filippine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hotelsclick.com/hoteles/UY/Uruguay-DEMOGRAF%C3%ADA-5.html">"- Uruguay - Info"</a>. <i>www.hotelsclick.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hotelsclick.com&rft.atitle=-+Uruguay+-+Info&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotelsclick.com%2Fhoteles%2FUY%2FUruguay-DEMOGRAF%25C3%25ADA-5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Embajada_de_Italia_en_Perú,_540,000-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Embajada_de_Italia_en_Perú,_540,000_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiner_Vásquez2017" class="citation news cs1">Giner Vásquez, Renzo (27 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elcomercio.pe/mundo/europa/embajador-italia-aca-hay-muchas-oportunidades-empresas-noticia-461242-noticia/">"Embajador de Italia en Perú: Acá hay muchas oportunidades para nuestras empresas"</a>. <i>El Comercio</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Neodemos&rft.atitle=Italiani+d%27Europa%3A+Quanti+sono%2C+dove+sono%3F+Una+nuova+stima+sulla+base+dei+profili+di+Facebook&rft.date=2021-04-16&rft.aulast=Recchi&rft.aufirst=Ettore&rft.au=Baglioni%2C+Lorenzo+Gabrielli+e+Lorenzo+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neodemos.info%2F2021%2F04%2F16%2Fitaliani-deuropa-quanti-sono-dove-sono-una-nuova-stima-sulla-base-dei-profili-di-facebook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2071.0main+features902012-2013">"ABS Ancestry"</a>. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ABS+Ancestry&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fausstats%2Fabs%40.nsf%2FLookup%2F2071.0main%2Bfeatures902012-2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilcornodafrica.it/rds-01emigrazione.pdf">"Essay on Italian emigration to Eritrea (in Italian)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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ISTAT. 26 September 2013. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ricostruzione+della+popolazione+residente+per+et%C3%A0%2C+sesso+e+cittadinanza+nei+comuni&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=ISTAT&rft.date=2013-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fit%2Farchivio%2F99464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/str20111009/index.html">Statistics for 2011 at istat.it</a> Accessed 30 October 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/str2012/index.html">Statistics for 2013 at istat.it</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170331033817/http://demo.istat.it/str2012/index.html">Archived</a> 31 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 30 October 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/str2013/index.html">Statistics for 2013 at istat.it</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150730080921/http://demo.istat.it/str2013/index.html">Archived</a> 30 July 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 30 October 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISTAT2015-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISTAT2015_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026080159/http://demo.istat.it/str2014/index.html">"Cittadini Stranieri. Popolazione residente e bilancio demografico al 31 dicembre 2014"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Statistics (Italy)">ISTAT</a>. 15 June 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/str2014/index.html">the original</a> on 26 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/str2017/index.html">the original</a> on 6 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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American Association for the Advancement of Science (published 8 November 2019): 708–714. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Sci...366..708A">2019Sci...366..708A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aay6826">10.1126/science.aay6826</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2318%2F1715466">2318/1715466</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7093155">7093155</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31699931">31699931</a>. <q>Interestingly, although Iron Age individuals were sampled from both Etruscan (n=3) and Latin (n=6) contexts, we did not detect any significant differences between the two groups with f4 statistics in the form of f4(RMPR_Etruscan, RMPR_Latin; test population, Onge), suggesting shared origins or extensive genetic exchange between them. ... In the Medieval and early modern periods (n = 28 individuals), we observe an ancestry shift toward central and northern Europe in PCA (Fig. 3E), as well as a further increase in the European cluster (C7) and loss of the Near Eastern and eastern Mediterranean clusters (C4 and C5) in ChromoPainter (Fig. 4C). The Medieval population is roughly centered on modern-day central Italians (Fig. 3F). It can be modeled as a two-way combination of Rome's Late Antique population and a European donor population, with potential sources including many ancient and modern populations in central and northern Europe: Lombards from Hungary, Saxons from England, and Vikings from Sweden, among others (table S26).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Ancient+Rome%3A+A+genetic+crossroads+of+Europe+and+the+Mediterranean&rft.volume=366&rft.issue=6466&rft.pages=708-714&rft.date=2019-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7093155%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019Sci...366..708A&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31699931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aay6826&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2318%2F1715466&rft.aulast=Antonio&rft.aufirst=ML&rft.au=Gao%2C+Z&rft.au=Moots%2C+HM&rft.au=Lucci%2C+M&rft.au=Candilio%2C+F&rft.au=Sawyer%2C+S&rft.au=Oberreiter%2C+V&rft.au=Calderon%2C+D&rft.au=Devitofranceschi%2C+K&rft.au=Aikens%2C+RC&rft.au=Aneli%2C+S&rft.au=Bartoli%2C+F&rft.au=Bedini%2C+A&rft.au=Cheronet%2C+O&rft.au=Cotter%2C+DJ&rft.au=Fernandes%2C+DM&rft.au=Gasperetti%2C+G&rft.au=Grifoni%2C+R&rft.au=Guidi%2C+A&rft.au=La+Pastina%2C+F&rft.au=Loreti%2C+E&rft.au=Manacorda%2C+D&rft.au=Matullo%2C+G&rft.au=Morretta%2C+S&rft.au=Nava%2C+A&rft.au=Fiocchi+Nicolai%2C+V&rft.au=Nomi%2C+F&rft.au=Pavolini%2C+C&rft.au=Pentiricci%2C+M&rft.au=Pergola%2C+P&rft.au=Piranomonte%2C+M&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+R&rft.au=Spinola%2C+G&rft.au=Sperduti%2C+A&rft.au=Rubini%2C+M&rft.au=Bondioli%2C+L&rft.au=Coppa%2C+A&rft.au=Pinhasi%2C+R&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+JK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7093155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonio_et_al.2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ralph P, Coop G (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3646727">"The geography of recent genetic ancestry across Europe"</a>. <i>PLOS Biology</i>. <b>11</b> (5): e1001555. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001555">10.1371/journal.pbio.1001555</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3646727">3646727</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23667324">23667324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Biology&rft.atitle=The+geography+of+recent+genetic+ancestry+across+Europe&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=e1001555&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3646727%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23667324&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001555&rft.aulast=Ralph&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Coop%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3646727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raveane_2019-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Raveane_2019_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaveaneAneliMontinaroAthanasiadis2019" class="citation journal cs1">Raveane A, Aneli S, Montinaro F, Athanasiadis G, Barlera S, Birolo G, et al. 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">«Italians, though often described as a homogeneous people, are divided into several culturally, socially, and politically diverse groups throughout the peninsula.» Jeffrey Cole (edited by), <i>Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia</i>, Santa Barbara (California), ABC-CLIO, 2011, p.204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorityrights.org/country/italy/">"Italy - World Directory of Minorities & Indigenous Peoples"</a>. 2 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italy+-+World+Directory+of+Minorities+%26+Indigenous+Peoples&rft.date=2023-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorityrights.org%2Fcountry%2Fitaly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Italy&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Italy" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Italy">Ethnic groups in Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration to Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical minority communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people" title="Arbëreshë people">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molise_Croats" title="Molise Croats">Croats</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Molise_Croats" title="Molise Croats">Molise Croats</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans in Italy">Germans</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Cimbrian_language" title="Cimbrian language">Cimbrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2cheno_language" title="Mòcheno language">Mocheno</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Tyroleans" class="mw-redirect" title="South Tyroleans">South Tyroleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walser" class="mw-redirect" title="Walser">Walser</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griko_people" title="Griko people">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards_of_Sicily" title="Lombards of Sicily">Lombards of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_minority_in_Italy" title="Slovene minority in Italy">Slovenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_Italy" title="Serbs in Italy">Serbs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethno-linguistic minorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABreshe_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbëreshe language">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algherese_dialect" title="Algherese dialect">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aostan_French" title="Aostan French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vald%C3%B4tain_dialect" title="Valdôtain dialect">Franco-Provençal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friulan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Friulan language">Friulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_German_speakers" title="Geographical distribution of German speakers">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griko_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Griko dialect">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladin_language" title="Ladin language">Ladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_language" title="Sardinian language">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scattered minorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australians_in_Italy" title="Australians in Italy">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Jews" title="Italian Jews">Italian Jews</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Jews_of_San_Nicandro" title="Jews of San Nicandro">Jews of San Nicandro</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Italy" title="Romani people in Italy">Romani</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Muslim_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Roma">Khorakhane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Romanian Roma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrants and expatriates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_Italy" title="Template:Immigration to Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_Italy" title="Template talk:Immigration to Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration to Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Italy" title="Albanians in Italy">Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosniaci_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Bosniaci in Italia">Bosnians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_in_Italy" title="British in Italy">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Italy" title="Bulgarians in Italy">Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Italy" title="Croats of Italy">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesi_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Francesi in Italia">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Italy" title="Greeks in Italy">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovari_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Kosovari in Italia">Kosovars</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedoni_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Macedoni in Italia">Macedonians</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldavi_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Moldavi in Italia">Moldovans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_people_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish people in Italy">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians_in_Italy" title="Romanians in Italy">Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Russi in Italia">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_Italy" title="Serbs in Italy">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenians_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenians in Italy">Slovenians</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagnoli_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Spagnoli in Italia">Spaniards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_people_in_Italy" title="Swiss people in Italy">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Italy" title="Ukrainians in Italy">Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_emigrants_to_Italy" title="African emigrants to Italy">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerians_in_Italy" title="Algerians in Italy">Algerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdeans_in_Italy" title="Cape Verdeans in Italy">Cape Verdeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_people_in_Italy" title="Congolese people in Italy">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptians_in_Italy" title="Egyptians in Italy">Egyptians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopians_in_Italy" title="Ethiopians in Italy">Ethiopians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritreans_in_Italy" title="Eritreans in Italy">Eritreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaians_in_Italy" title="Ghanaians in Italy">Ghanaians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccans_in_Italy" title="Moroccans in Italy">Moroccans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_people_in_Italy" title="Nigerian people in Italy">Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_people_in_Italy" title="Senegalese people in Italy">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalis in Italy">Somalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisians_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisians in Italy">Tunisians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Italy" title="Arabs in Italy">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Italy" title="Armenians in Italy">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshis_in_Italy" title="Bangladeshis in Italy">Bangladeshis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Italy" title="Chinese people in Italy">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipinos in Italy">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Italy" title="Indians in Italy">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_Italy" title="Nepalis in Italy">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Italy" title="Pakistanis in Italy">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_Italy" title="Sri Lankans in Italy">Sri Lankans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_Italy" title="Tamils in Italy">Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Italy" title="Turks in Italy">Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas and Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasiliani_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Brasiliani in Italia">Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australians_in_Italy" title="Australians in Italy">Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_people_in_Italy" title="Cuban people in Italy">Cubans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvians_in_Italy" title="Peruvians in Italy">Peruvians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_Italy" title="Uruguayans in Italy">Uruguayans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italy_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italy_topics" title="Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italy_topics" title="Template talk:Italy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italy_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italy_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Italy" title="Outline of Italy">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_history" title="Timeline of Italian history">Timeline of Italian history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship" title="History of Italian citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency and coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags" title="List of Italian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Historic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Italy" title="LGBT history in Italy">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" title="Military history of Italy">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy" title="Music history of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Italy" title="Name of Italy">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy">Postage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">Railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Italy" title="Prehistoric Italy">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Italy" title="Neolithic Italy">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanovan_culture" title="Villanovan culture">Villanovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terramare_culture" title="Terramare culture">Terramare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinaldone_culture" title="Rinaldone culture">Rinaldone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_culture" title="Apennine culture">Apennine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golasecca_culture" title="Golasecca culture">Golasecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canegrate_culture" title="Canegrate culture">Canegrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latial_culture" title="Latial culture">Latial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Italy" title="List of ancient peoples of Italy">Ancient peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osci" title="Osci">Osci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picentes" title="Picentes">Picentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti" title="Adriatic Veneti">Veneti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapians" title="Messapians">Messapians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy" title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Roman Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li>Italy under <a href="/wiki/Odoacer#King_of_Italy" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">the Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">the Sardinian Judicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Normans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_Italy" title="History of early modern Italy">Early Modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Napoleonic Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_exodus" title="Niçard exodus">Niçard exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Monarchy and the World Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Colonial Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Fourth War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Fall of the Fascist regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Social Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="History of the Italian Republic">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">Institutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Economic Boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxi_Trial" title="Maxi Trial">Maxi Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_pulite" title="Mani pulite">Mani pulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italian geographical region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Italy" title="Climate of Italy">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Italy" title="Climate change in Italy">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Italy" title="Geology of Italy">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Italy" title="Fauna of Italy">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Italy" title="Flora of Italy">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Italy" title="List of mountains in Italy">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_foothills" title="Alpine foothills">Prealps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Italy" title="Volcanism of Italy">Volcanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Italy" title="List of volcanoes in Italy">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Italy" title="List of beaches in Italy">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_Italy" title="List of canals in Italy">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Italy" title="List of caves in Italy">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Italy" title="List of earthquakes in Italy">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Italy" title="List of islands of Italy">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Italy" title="List of lakes of Italy">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marine_Protected_Areas_of_Italy" title="List of Marine Protected Areas of Italy">Marine protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Italy" title="List of national parks of Italy">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_parks_of_Italy" title="List of regional parks of Italy">Regional parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Italy" title="List of rivers of Italy">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Italy" title="List of valleys of Italy">Valleys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Italy" title="Government of Italy">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Italy" title="Human rights in Italy">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Italy">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Italy" title="Law of Italy">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy" title="List of presidents of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Italy" title="List of municipalities of Italy">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_intelligence_agencies" title="Italian intelligence agencies">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">Italian regions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Italy" title="Agriculture in Italy">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Italy" title="Banking in Italy">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Italy" title="List of banks in Italy">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_brands" title="List of Italian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Italy" title="List of exports of Italy">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Italy" title="List of trade unions in Italy">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Italy" title="List of airports in Italy">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Italy" title="Rail transport in Italy">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_welfare_state" title="Italian welfare state">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Italy" title="Category:Society of Italy">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobility_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobility of Italy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Italy" title="Censorship in Italy">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Italy" title="Corruption in Italy">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Italy" title="Crime in Italy">Crime</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Emigration and diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Italy" title="Gambling in Italy">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Italy" title="Health in Italy">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Italy" title="Healthcare in Italy">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Italian inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Italy" title="List of people from Italy">People</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">Regional</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Italian provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Italy" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Italy">Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Italy" title="Poverty in Italy">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Italy" title="Prostitution in Italy">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_public_administration" title="Italian public administration">Public administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Italy" title="Racism in Italy">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Italy" title="Social class in Italy">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Italy" title="Terrorism in Italy">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Italy" title="Water supply and sanitation in Italy">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Italy" title="Women in Italy">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seicento" title="Seicento">Seicento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_culture_(1700s)" title="History of Italian culture (1700s)">Settecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Neoclassical_and_19th-century_art" title="Italian Neoclassical and 19th-century art">Ottocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Canto_degli_Italiani" title="Il Canto degli Italiani">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Italy">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_art" title="Italian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Italy" title="List of castles in Italy">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Italy" title="List of cathedrals in Italy">Cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Italy" title="Emblem of Italy">Coat of arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_design" title="Italian design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy" title="Folklore of Italy">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens_in_Italy" title="List of gardens in Italy">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Italy" title="Internet in Italy">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italophilia" title="Italophilia">Italophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Italy" title="List of libraries in Italy">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Italy" title="Mass media in Italy">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Italy" title="List of museums in Italy">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy" title="Mythology of Italy">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Italy" title="National symbols of Italy">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces_in_Italy" title="List of palaces in Italy">Palaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_philosophy" title="Italian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy" title="Public holidays in Italy">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Italy" title="Sport in Italy">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Italy" title="Television in Italy">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Italy" title="Theatre of Italy">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_Italy" title="Traditions of Italy">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/16px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/24px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Italy" title="Category:Italy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Demographics_of_Europe" title="Template:Demographics of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Demographics_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Demographics of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Europe" title="Demographics of Europe">Demographics of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Albania" title="Demographics of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Andorra" title="Demographics of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Armenia" title="Demographics of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Austria" title="Demographics of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Demographics of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Belarus" title="Demographics of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Belgium" title="Demographics of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bulgaria" title="Demographics of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Demographics of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Denmark" title="Demographics of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Estonia" title="Demographics of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland" title="Demographics of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_France" title="Demographics of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Demographics of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Germany" title="Demographics of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greece" title="Demographics of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Hungary" title="Demographics of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iceland" title="Demographics of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Demographics of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Demographics of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Latvia" title="Demographics of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Liechtenstein" title="Demographics of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Lithuania" title="Demographics of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Luxembourg" title="Demographics of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malta" title="Demographics of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Moldova" title="Demographics of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Monaco" title="Demographics of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Montenegro" title="Demographics of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Demographics of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Macedonia" title="Demographics of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Norway" title="Demographics of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Poland" title="Demographics of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Portugal" title="Demographics of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Romania" title="Demographics of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia" title="Demographics of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_San_Marino" title="Demographics of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Serbia" title="Demographics of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Slovakia" title="Demographics of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Slovenia" title="Demographics of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Spain" title="Demographics of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Sweden" title="Demographics of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Switzerland" title="Demographics of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Turkey" title="Demographics of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ukraine" title="Demographics of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Demographics of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_England" title="Demographics of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Demographics of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Scotland" title="Demographics of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Wales" title="Demographics of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Vatican_City" title="Demographics of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Abkhazia" title="Demographics of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kosovo" title="Demographics of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Demographics of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Gibraltar" title="Demographics of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Demographics of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Jersey" title="Demographics of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_European_Union" title="Demographics of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved 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