CINXE.COM
Supplements | Advertising and Corporate Services
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <!-- charset must appear in the first 1024 bytes of the document --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <script type='text/javascript' defer src='//js.trendmd.com/trendmd.min.js' data-trendmdconfig='{"element":"#trendmd-suggestions"}' class='optanon-category-C0002'></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/js/jquery.3.7.1.min.js" type="text/javascript">\x3C/script>')</script> <script src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/vendor/v-638654880267142888/jquery-migrate-1.4.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=643701de45aa460012e1032e&product=sop' async='async' class='optanon-category-C0004'></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=10" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"8d76ca6f26","applicationID":"220513093","transactionName":"ZQBRMkVUCEtRVkINXlxKfjB0GjZZV1B1C19GF1wKW1AUF2NQWgJiVxdFA2dUAV0=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":207,"agent":"","atts":""}</script><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={xpid:"XAYBV15WGwECVFRTBAEOVQ==",licenseKey:"8d76ca6f26",applicationID:"220513093"};window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(t,e,n){function r(n){if(!e[n]){var i=e[n]={exports:{}};t[n][0].call(i.exports,function(e){var i=t[n][1][e];return r(i||e)},i,i.exports)}return e[n].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var i=0;i<n.length;i++)r(n[i]);return r}({1:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){try{s.console&&console.log(t)}catch(e){}}var i,o=t("ee"),a=t(27),s={};try{i=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(s.console=!0,i.indexOf("dev")!==-1&&(s.dev=!0),i.indexOf("nr_dev")!==-1&&(s.nrDev=!0))}catch(c){}s.nrDev&&o.on("internal-error",function(t){r(t.stack)}),s.dev&&o.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){r(n.stack)}),s.dev&&(r("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),r("flags: "+a(s,function(t,e){return t}).join(", ")))},{}],2:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r,s){try{p?p-=1:i(s||new UncaughtException(t,e,n),!0)}catch(f){try{o("ierr",[f,c.now(),!0])}catch(d){}}return"function"==typeof u&&u.apply(this,a(arguments))}function UncaughtException(t,e,n){this.message=t||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=e,this.line=n}function i(t,e){var n=e?null:c.now();o("err",[t,n])}var o=t("handle"),a=t(28),s=t("ee"),c=t("loader"),f=t("gos"),u=window.onerror,d=!1,l="nr@seenError";if(!c.disabled){var p=0;c.features.err=!0,t(1),window.onerror=r;try{throw new Error}catch(h){"stack"in h&&(t(10),t(9),"addEventListener"in window&&t(6),c.xhrWrappable&&t(11),d=!0)}s.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){d&&(p+=1)}),s.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){d&&!n[l]&&(f(n,l,function(){return!0}),this.thrown=!0,i(n))}),s.on("fn-end",function(){d&&!this.thrown&&p>0&&(p-=1)}),s.on("internal-error",function(t){o("ierr",[t,c.now(),!0])})}},{}],3:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("loader");r.disabled||(r.features.ins=!0)},{}],4:[function(t,e,n){function r(){var t=new PerformanceObserver(function(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();s(v,[n])});try{t.observe({entryTypes:["resource"]})}catch(e){}}function i(t){if(s(v,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(w)]),window.performance["c"+l])try{window.performance[h](m,i,!1)}catch(t){}else try{window.performance[h]("webkit"+m,i,!1)}catch(t){}}function o(t){}if(window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&window.performance.getEntriesByType){var a=t("ee"),s=t("handle"),c=t(10),f=t(9),u=t(5),d=t(19),l="learResourceTimings",p="addEventListener",h="removeEventListener",m="resourcetimingbufferfull",v="bstResource",w="resource",g="-start",y="-end",x="fn"+g,b="fn"+y,E="bstTimer",R="pushState",S=t("loader");if(!S.disabled){S.features.stn=!0,t(8),"addEventListener"in window&&t(6);var O=NREUM.o.EV;a.on(x,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof O&&(this.bstStart=S.now())}),a.on(b,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof O&&s("bst",[n,e,this.bstStart,S.now()])}),c.on(x,function(t,e,n){this.bstStart=S.now(),this.bstType=n}),c.on(b,function(t,e){s(E,[e,this.bstStart,S.now(),this.bstType])}),f.on(x,function(){this.bstStart=S.now()}),f.on(b,function(t,e){s(E,[e,this.bstStart,S.now(),"requestAnimationFrame"])}),a.on(R+g,function(t){this.time=S.now(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash}),a.on(R+y,function(t){s("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time])}),u()?(s(v,[window.performance.getEntriesByType("resource")]),r()):p in window.performance&&(window.performance["c"+l]?window.performance[p](m,i,d(!1)):window.performance[p]("webkit"+m,i,d(!1))),document[p]("scroll",o,d(!1)),document[p]("keypress",o,d(!1)),document[p]("click",o,d(!1))}}},{}],5:[function(t,e,n){e.exports=function(){return"PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver}},{}],6:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){for(var e=t;e&&!e.hasOwnProperty(u);)e=Object.getPrototypeOf(e);e&&i(e)}function i(t){s.inPlace(t,[u,d],"-",o)}function o(t,e){return t[1]}var a=t("ee").get("events"),s=t("wrap-function")(a,!0),c=t("gos"),f=XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener";e.exports=a,"getPrototypeOf"in Object?(r(document),r(window),r(f.prototype)):f.prototype.hasOwnProperty(u)&&(i(window),i(f.prototype)),a.on(u+"-start",function(t,e){var n=t[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var r=c(n,"nr@wrapped",function(){function t(){if("function"==typeof n.handleEvent)return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)}var e={object:t,"function":n}[typeof n];return e?s(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n});this.wrapped=t[1]=r}}),a.on(d+"-start",function(t){t[1]=this.wrapped||t[1]})},{}],7:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){var r=t[e];"function"==typeof r&&(t[e]=function(){var t=o(arguments),e={};i.emit(n+"before-start",[t],e);var a;e[m]&&e[m].dt&&(a=e[m].dt);var s=r.apply(this,t);return i.emit(n+"start",[t,a],s),s.then(function(t){return i.emit(n+"end",[null,t],s),t},function(t){throw i.emit(n+"end",[t],s),t})})}var i=t("ee").get("fetch"),o=t(28),a=t(27);e.exports=i;var s=window,c="fetch-",f=c+"body-",u=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],d=s.Request,l=s.Response,p=s.fetch,h="prototype",m="nr@context";d&&l&&p&&(a(u,function(t,e){r(d[h],e,f),r(l[h],e,f)}),r(s,"fetch",c),i.on(c+"end",function(t,e){var n=this;if(e){var r=e.headers.get("content-length");null!==r&&(n.rxSize=r),i.emit(c+"done",[null,e],n)}else i.emit(c+"done",[t],n)}))},{}],8:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("history"),i=t("wrap-function")(r);e.exports=r;var o=window.history&&window.history.constructor&&window.history.constructor.prototype,a=window.history;o&&o.pushState&&o.replaceState&&(a=o),i.inPlace(a,["pushState","replaceState"],"-")},{}],9:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("raf"),i=t("wrap-function")(r),o="equestAnimationFrame";e.exports=r,i.inPlace(window,["r"+o,"mozR"+o,"webkitR"+o,"msR"+o],"raf-"),r.on("raf-start",function(t){t[0]=i(t[0],"fn-")})},{}],10:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",null,n)}function i(t,e,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(t[1])?0:+t[1],t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",this,n)}var o=t("ee").get("timer"),a=t("wrap-function")(o),s="setTimeout",c="setInterval",f="clearTimeout",u="-start",d="-";e.exports=o,a.inPlace(window,[s,"setImmediate"],s+d),a.inPlace(window,[c],c+d),a.inPlace(window,[f,"clearImmediate"],f+d),o.on(c+u,r),o.on(s+u,i)},{}],11:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){d.inPlace(e,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",s)}function i(){var t=this,e=u.context(t);t.readyState>3&&!e.resolved&&(e.resolved=!0,u.emit("xhr-resolved",[],t)),d.inPlace(t,y,"fn-",s)}function o(t){x.push(t),m&&(E?E.then(a):w?w(a):(R=-R,S.data=R))}function a(){for(var t=0;t<x.length;t++)r([],x[t]);x.length&&(x=[])}function s(t,e){return e}function c(t,e){for(var n in t)e[n]=t[n];return e}t(6);var f=t("ee"),u=f.get("xhr"),d=t("wrap-function")(u),l=t(19),p=NREUM.o,h=p.XHR,m=p.MO,v=p.PR,w=p.SI,g="readystatechange",y=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],x=[];e.exports=u;var b=window.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){var e=new h(t);try{u.emit("new-xhr",[e],e),e.addEventListener(g,i,l(!1))}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}return e};if(c(h,b),b.prototype=h.prototype,d.inPlace(b.prototype,["open","send"],"-xhr-",s),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){r(t,e),o(e)}),u.on("open-xhr-start",r),m){var E=v&&v.resolve();if(!w&&!v){var R=1,S=document.createTextNode(R);new m(a).observe(S,{characterData:!0})}}else f.on("fn-end",function(t){t[0]&&t[0].type===g||a()})},{}],12:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){if(!s(t))return null;var e=window.NREUM;if(!e.loader_config)return null;var n=(e.loader_config.accountID||"").toString()||null,r=(e.loader_config.agentID||"").toString()||null,f=(e.loader_config.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!r)return null;var h=p.generateSpanId(),m=p.generateTraceId(),v=Date.now(),w={spanId:h,traceId:m,timestamp:v};return(t.sameOrigin||c(t)&&l())&&(w.traceContextParentHeader=i(h,m),w.traceContextStateHeader=o(h,v,n,r,f)),(t.sameOrigin&&!u()||!t.sameOrigin&&c(t)&&d())&&(w.newrelicHeader=a(h,m,v,n,r,f)),w}function i(t,e){return"00-"+e+"-"+t+"-01"}function o(t,e,n,r,i){var o=0,a="",s=1,c="",f="";return i+"@nr="+o+"-"+s+"-"+n+"-"+r+"-"+t+"-"+a+"-"+c+"-"+f+"-"+e}function a(t,e,n,r,i,o){var a="btoa"in window&&"function"==typeof window.btoa;if(!a)return null;var s={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:r,ap:i,id:t,tr:e,ti:n}};return o&&r!==o&&(s.d.tk=o),btoa(JSON.stringify(s))}function s(t){return f()&&c(t)}function c(t){var e=!1,n={};if("init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&(n=NREUM.init.distributed_tracing),t.sameOrigin)e=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var r=0;r<n.allowed_origins.length;r++){var i=h(n.allowed_origins[r]);if(t.hostname===i.hostname&&t.protocol===i.protocol&&t.port===i.port){e=!0;break}}return e}function f(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.enabled}function u(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.exclude_newrelic_header}function d(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.cors_use_newrelic_header!==!1}function l(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}var p=t(24),h=t(14);e.exports={generateTracePayload:r,shouldGenerateTrace:s}},{}],13:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var r=0;r<l;r++)t.removeEventListener(d[r],this.listener,!1);return e.protocol&&"data"===e.protocol?void g("Ajax/DataUrl/Excluded"):void(e.aborted||(n.duration=a.now()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==t.readyState?null==e.status&&(e.status=0):o(this,t),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,s("xhr",[e,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this)))}}function i(t,e){var n=c(e),r=t.params;r.hostname=n.hostname,r.port=n.port,r.protocol=n.protocol,r.host=n.hostname+":"+n.port,r.pathname=n.pathname,t.parsedOrigin=n,t.sameOrigin=n.sameOrigin}function o(t,e){t.params.status=e.status;var n=v(e,t.lastSize);if(n&&(t.metrics.rxSize=n),t.sameOrigin){var r=e.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");r&&(t.params.cat=r.split(", ").pop())}t.loadCaptureCalled=!0}var a=t("loader");if(a.xhrWrappable&&!a.disabled){var s=t("handle"),c=t(14),f=t(12).generateTracePayload,u=t("ee"),d=["load","error","abort","timeout"],l=d.length,p=t("id"),h=t(20),m=t(18),v=t(15),w=t(19),g=t(21).recordSupportability,y=NREUM.o.REQ,x=window.XMLHttpRequest;a.features.xhr=!0,t(11),t(7),u.on("new-xhr",function(t){var e=this;e.totalCbs=0,e.called=0,e.cbTime=0,e.end=r,e.ended=!1,e.xhrGuids={},e.lastSize=null,e.loadCaptureCalled=!1,e.params=this.params||{},e.metrics=this.metrics||{},t.addEventListener("load",function(n){o(e,t)},w(!1)),h&&(h>34||h<10)||t.addEventListener("progress",function(t){e.lastSize=t.loaded},w(!1))}),u.on("open-xhr-start",function(t){this.params={method:t[0]},i(this,t[1]),this.metrics={}}),u.on("open-xhr-end",function(t,e){"loader_config"in NREUM&&"xpid"in NREUM.loader_config&&this.sameOrigin&&e.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",NREUM.loader_config.xpid);var n=f(this.parsedOrigin);if(n){var r=!1;n.newrelicHeader&&(e.setRequestHeader("newrelic",n.newrelicHeader),r=!0),n.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.setRequestHeader("traceparent",n.traceContextParentHeader),n.traceContextStateHeader&&e.setRequestHeader("tracestate",n.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r&&(this.dt=n)}}),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){var n=this.metrics,r=t[0],i=this;if(n&&r){var o=m(r);o&&(n.txSize=o)}this.startTime=a.now(),this.listener=function(t){try{"abort"!==t.type||i.loadCaptureCalled||(i.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==t.type||i.called===i.totalCbs&&(i.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof e.onload))&&i.end(e)}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}};for(var s=0;s<l;s++)e.addEventListener(d[s],this.listener,w(!1))}),u.on("xhr-cb-time",function(t,e,n){this.cbTime+=t,e?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof n.onload||this.end(n)}),u.on("xhr-load-added",function(t,e){var n=""+p(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[n]&&(this.xhrGuids[n]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}),u.on("xhr-load-removed",function(t,e){var n=""+p(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[n]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[n],this.totalCbs-=1)}),u.on("xhr-resolved",function(){this.endTime=a.now()}),u.on("addEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof x&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-added",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("removeEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof x&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-removed",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){e instanceof x&&("onload"===n&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(t[0]&&t[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=a.now()))}),u.on("fn-end",function(t,e){this.xhrCbStart&&u.emit("xhr-cb-time",[a.now()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,e],e)}),u.on("fetch-before-start",function(t){function e(t,e){var n=!1;return e.newrelicHeader&&(t.set("newrelic",e.newrelicHeader),n=!0),e.traceContextParentHeader&&(t.set("traceparent",e.traceContextParentHeader),e.traceContextStateHeader&&t.set("tracestate",e.traceContextStateHeader),n=!0),n}var n,r=t[1]||{};"string"==typeof t[0]?n=t[0]:t[0]&&t[0].url?n=t[0].url:window.URL&&t[0]&&t[0]instanceof URL&&(n=t[0].href),n&&(this.parsedOrigin=c(n),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=f(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if("string"==typeof t[0]||window.URL&&t[0]&&t[0]instanceof URL){var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),e(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),t.length>1?t[1]=o:t.push(o)}else t[0]&&t[0].headers&&e(t[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i)}),u.on("fetch-start",function(t,e){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=a.now(),this.dt=e,t.length>=1&&(this.target=t[0]),t.length>=2&&(this.opts=t[1]);var n,r=this.opts||{},o=this.target;if("string"==typeof o?n=o:"object"==typeof o&&o instanceof y?n=o.url:window.URL&&"object"==typeof o&&o instanceof URL&&(n=o.href),i(this,n),"data"!==this.params.protocol){var s=(""+(o&&o instanceof y&&o.method||r.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=s,this.txSize=m(r.body)||0}}),u.on("fetch-done",function(t,e){if(this.endTime=a.now(),this.params||(this.params={}),"data"===this.params.protocol)return void g("Ajax/DataUrl/Excluded");this.params.status=e?e.status:0;var n;"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var r={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:a.now()-this.startTime};s("xhr",[this.params,r,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this)})}},{}],14:[function(t,e,n){var r={};e.exports=function(t){if(t in r)return r[t];if(0===(t||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};var e=document.createElement("a"),n=window.location,i={};e.href=t,i.port=e.port;var o=e.href.split("://");!i.port&&o[1]&&(i.port=o[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),i.port&&"0"!==i.port||(i.port="https"===o[0]?"443":"80"),i.hostname=e.hostname||n.hostname,i.pathname=e.pathname,i.protocol=o[0],"/"!==i.pathname.charAt(0)&&(i.pathname="/"+i.pathname);var a=!e.protocol||":"===e.protocol||e.protocol===n.protocol,s=e.hostname===document.domain&&e.port===n.port;return i.sameOrigin=a&&(!e.hostname||s),"/"===i.pathname&&(r[t]=i),i}},{}],15:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.responseType;return"json"===n&&null!==e?e:"arraybuffer"===n||"blob"===n||"json"===n?i(t.response):"text"===n||""===n||void 0===n?i(t.responseText):void 0}var i=t(18);e.exports=r},{}],16:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function i(t,e,n,r){return function(){return u.recordSupportability("API/"+e+"/called"),o(t+e,[f.now()].concat(s(arguments)),n?null:this,r),n?void 0:this}}var o=t("handle"),a=t(27),s=t(28),c=t("ee").get("tracer"),f=t("loader"),u=t(21),d=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=d);var l=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],p="api-",h=p+"ixn-";a(l,function(t,e){d[e]=i(p,e,!0,"api")}),d.addPageAction=i(p,"addPageAction",!0),d.setCurrentRouteName=i(p,"routeName",!0),e.exports=newrelic,d.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var m=r.prototype={createTracer:function(t,e){var n={},r=this,i="function"==typeof e;return o(h+"tracer",[f.now(),t,n],r),function(){if(c.emit((i?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[f.now(),r,i],n),i)try{return e.apply(this,arguments)}catch(t){throw c.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],n),t}finally{c.emit("fn-end",[f.now()],n)}}}};a("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(t,e){m[e]=i(h,e)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(t,e){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),u.recordSupportability("API/noticeError/called"),o("err",[t,f.now(),!1,e])}},{}],17:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){if(NREUM.init){for(var e=NREUM.init,n=t.split("."),r=0;r<n.length-1;r++)if(e=e[n[r]],"object"!=typeof e)return;return e=e[n[n.length-1]]}}e.exports={getConfiguration:r}},{}],18:[function(t,e,n){e.exports=function(t){if("string"==typeof t&&t.length)return t.length;if("object"==typeof t){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&t instanceof ArrayBuffer&&t.byteLength)return t.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&t instanceof Blob&&t.size)return t.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&t instanceof FormData))try{return JSON.stringify(t).length}catch(e){return}}}},{}],19:[function(t,e,n){var r=!1;try{var i=Object.defineProperty({},"passive",{get:function(){r=!0}});window.addEventListener("testPassive",null,i),window.removeEventListener("testPassive",null,i)}catch(o){}e.exports=function(t){return r?{passive:!0,capture:!!t}:!!t}},{}],20:[function(t,e,n){var r=0,i=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);i&&(r=+i[1]),e.exports=r},{}],21:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=[a,t,{name:t},e];return o("storeMetric",n,null,"api"),n}function i(t,e){var n=[s,t,{name:t},e];return o("storeEventMetrics",n,null,"api"),n}var o=t("handle"),a="sm",s="cm";e.exports={constants:{SUPPORTABILITY_METRIC:a,CUSTOM_METRIC:s},recordSupportability:r,recordCustom:i}},{}],22:[function(t,e,n){function r(){return s.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(o=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),o))-a}function i(){return o}var o=(new Date).getTime(),a=o,s=t(29);e.exports=r,e.exports.offset=a,e.exports.getLastTimestamp=i},{}],23:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();n.forEach(function(t){"first-paint"===t.name?p("timing",["fp",Math.floor(t.startTime)]):"first-contentful-paint"===t.name&&p("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(t.startTime)])})}function i(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();if(n.length>0){var r=n[n.length-1];if(f&&f<r.startTime)return;var i=[r],o=a({});o&&i.push(o),p("lcp",i)}}function o(t){t.getEntries().forEach(function(t){t.hadRecentInput||p("cls",[t])})}function a(t){var e=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;if(e)return e.type&&(t["net-type"]=e.type),e.effectiveType&&(t["net-etype"]=e.effectiveType),e.rtt&&(t["net-rtt"]=e.rtt),e.downlink&&(t["net-dlink"]=e.downlink),t}function s(t){if(t instanceof w&&!y){var e=Math.round(t.timeStamp),n={type:t.type};a(n),e<=h.now()?n.fid=h.now()-e:e>h.offset&&e<=Date.now()?(e-=h.offset,n.fid=h.now()-e):e=h.now(),y=!0,p("timing",["fi",e,n])}}function c(t){"hidden"===t&&(f=h.now(),p("pageHide",[f]))}if(!("init"in NREUM&&"page_view_timing"in NREUM.init&&"enabled"in NREUM.init.page_view_timing&&NREUM.init.page_view_timing.enabled===!1)){var f,u,d,l,p=t("handle"),h=t("loader"),m=t(26),v=t(19),w=NREUM.o.EV;if("PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){u=new PerformanceObserver(r);try{u.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(g){}d=new PerformanceObserver(i);try{d.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(g){}l=new PerformanceObserver(o);try{l.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(g){}}if("addEventListener"in document){var y=!1,x=["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"];x.forEach(function(t){document.addEventListener(t,s,v(!1))})}m(c)}},{}],24:[function(t,e,n){function r(){function t(){return e?15&e[n++]:16*Math.random()|0}var e=null,n=0,r=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;r&&r.getRandomValues&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var i,o="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",a="",s=0;s<o.length;s++)i=o[s],"x"===i?a+=t().toString(16):"y"===i?(i=3&t()|8,a+=i.toString(16)):a+=i;return a}function i(){return a(16)}function o(){return a(32)}function a(t){function e(){return n?15&n[r++]:16*Math.random()|0}var n=null,r=0,i=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;i&&i.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(n=i.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(t)));for(var o=[],a=0;a<t;a++)o.push(e().toString(16));return o.join("")}e.exports={generateUuid:r,generateSpanId:i,generateTraceId:o}},{}],25:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){if(!i)return!1;if(t!==i)return!1;if(!e)return!0;if(!o)return!1;for(var n=o.split("."),r=e.split("."),a=0;a<r.length;a++)if(r[a]!==n[a])return!1;return!0}var i=null,o=null,a=/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/;if(navigator.userAgent){var s=navigator.userAgent,c=s.match(a);c&&s.indexOf("Chrome")===-1&&s.indexOf("Chromium")===-1&&(i="Safari",o=c[1])}e.exports={agent:i,version:o,match:r}},{}],26:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){function e(){t(s&&document[s]?document[s]:document[o]?"hidden":"visible")}"addEventListener"in document&&a&&document.addEventListener(a,e,i(!1))}var i=t(19);e.exports=r;var o,a,s;"undefined"!=typeof document.hidden?(o="hidden",a="visibilitychange",s="visibilityState"):"undefined"!=typeof document.msHidden?(o="msHidden",a="msvisibilitychange"):"undefined"!=typeof document.webkitHidden&&(o="webkitHidden",a="webkitvisibilitychange",s="webkitVisibilityState")},{}],27:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=[],r="",o=0;for(r in t)i.call(t,r)&&(n[o]=e(r,t[r]),o+=1);return n}var i=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],28:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){e||(e=0),"undefined"==typeof n&&(n=t?t.length:0);for(var r=-1,i=n-e||0,o=Array(i<0?0:i);++r<i;)o[r]=t[e+r];return o}e.exports=r},{}],29:[function(t,e,n){e.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],ee:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function i(t){function e(t){return t&&t instanceof r?t:t?f(t,c,a):a()}function n(n,r,i,o,a){if(a!==!1&&(a=!0),!p.aborted||o){t&&a&&t(n,r,i);for(var s=e(i),c=m(n),f=c.length,u=0;u<f;u++)c[u].apply(s,r);var l=d[y[n]];return l&&l.push([x,n,r,s]),s}}function o(t,e){g[t]=m(t).concat(e)}function h(t,e){var n=g[t];if(n)for(var r=0;r<n.length;r++)n[r]===e&&n.splice(r,1)}function m(t){return g[t]||[]}function v(t){return l[t]=l[t]||i(n)}function w(t,e){p.aborted||u(t,function(t,n){e=e||"feature",y[n]=e,e in d||(d[e]=[])})}var g={},y={},x={on:o,addEventListener:o,removeEventListener:h,emit:n,get:v,listeners:m,context:e,buffer:w,abort:s,aborted:!1};return x}function o(t){return f(t,c,a)}function a(){return new r}function s(){(d.api||d.feature)&&(p.aborted=!0,d=p.backlog={})}var c="nr@context",f=t("gos"),u=t(27),d={},l={},p=e.exports=i();e.exports.getOrSetContext=o,p.backlog=d},{}],gos:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){if(i.call(t,e))return t[e];var r=n();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(o){}return t[e]=r,r}var i=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r){i.buffer([t],r),i.emit(t,e,n)}var i=t("ee").get("handle");e.exports=r,r.ee=i},{}],id:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=typeof t;return!t||"object"!==e&&"function"!==e?-1:t===window?0:a(t,o,function(){return i++})}var i=1,o="nr@id",a=t("gos");e.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(t,e,n){function r(){if(!O++){var t=S.info=NREUM.info,e=m.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(f.abort,3e4),!(t&&t.licenseKey&&t.applicationID&&e))return f.abort();c(E,function(e,n){t[e]||(t[e]=n)});var n=a();s("mark",["onload",n+S.offset],null,"api"),s("timing",["load",n]);var r=m.createElement("script");0===t.agent.indexOf("http://")||0===t.agent.indexOf("https://")?r.src=t.agent:r.src=p+"://"+t.agent,e.parentNode.insertBefore(r,e)}}function i(){"complete"===m.readyState&&o()}function o(){s("mark",["domContent",a()+S.offset],null,"api")}var a=t(22),s=t("handle"),c=t(27),f=t("ee"),u=t(25),d=t(17),l=t(19),p=d.getConfiguration("ssl")===!1?"http":"https",h=window,m=h.document,v="addEventListener",w="attachEvent",g=h.XMLHttpRequest,y=g&&g.prototype,x=!1;NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:h.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:g,REQ:h.Request,EV:h.Event,PR:h.Promise,MO:h.MutationObserver};var b=""+location,E={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-1216.min.js"},R=g&&y&&y[v]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),S=e.exports={offset:a.getLastTimestamp(),now:a,origin:b,features:{},xhrWrappable:R,userAgent:u,disabled:x};if(!x){t(16),t(23),m[v]?(m[v]("DOMContentLoaded",o,l(!1)),h[v]("load",r,l(!1))):(m[w]("onreadystatechange",i),h[w]("onload",r)),s("mark",["firstbyte",a.getLastTimestamp()],null,"api");var O=0}},{}],"wrap-function":[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){function n(e,n,r,c,f){function nrWrapper(){var o,a,u,l;try{a=this,o=d(arguments),u="function"==typeof r?r(o,a):r||{}}catch(p){i([p,"",[o,a,c],u],t)}s(n+"start",[o,a,c],u,f);try{return l=e.apply(a,o)}catch(h){throw s(n+"err",[o,a,h],u,f),h}finally{s(n+"end",[o,a,l],u,f)}}return a(e)?e:(n||(n=""),nrWrapper[l]=e,o(e,nrWrapper,t),nrWrapper)}function r(t,e,r,i,o){r||(r="");var s,c,f,u="-"===r.charAt(0);for(f=0;f<e.length;f++)c=e[f],s=t[c],a(s)||(t[c]=n(s,u?c+r:r,i,c,o))}function s(n,r,o,a){if(!h||e){var s=h;h=!0;try{t.emit(n,r,o,e,a)}catch(c){i([c,n,r,o],t)}h=s}}return t||(t=u),n.inPlace=r,n.flag=l,n}function i(t,e){e||(e=u);try{e.emit("internal-error",t)}catch(n){}}function o(t,e,n){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{var r=Object.keys(t);return r.forEach(function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,{get:function(){return t[n]},set:function(e){return t[n]=e,e}})}),e}catch(o){i([o],n)}for(var a in t)p.call(t,a)&&(e[a]=t[a]);return e}function a(t){return!(t&&t instanceof Function&&t.apply&&!t[l])}function s(t,e){var n=e(t);return n[l]=t,o(t,n,u),n}function c(t,e,n){var r=t[e];t[e]=s(r,n)}function f(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;++n)e[n]=arguments[n];return e}var u=t("ee"),d=t(28),l="nr@original",p=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,h=!1;e.exports=r,e.exports.wrapFunction=s,e.exports.wrapInPlace=c,e.exports.argsToArray=f},{}]},{},["loader",2,13,4,3]);</script> <!-- Turn off telephone number detection. --> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /> <!-- Bookmark Icons --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879241847311/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879242047735/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879241997236/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879242697268/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#001C54"> <link rel="icon" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879242147229/favicon.ico"> <link rel="manifest" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879242447968/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879241847311/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#002f65"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/fonts/icons.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/css/v-638669719594245124/site.min.css" /> <link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Merriweather:300,400,400italic,700,700italic|Source+Sans+Pro:400,400italic,700,700italic" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssetsOriginals/Live/CSS/journals/v-638647548564311250/global.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/CSS/advertising-and-corporate-services/v-638658783720175750/site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script> var dataLayer = [{"event_type":"other","supplier_tag":"SC_Academic","object_type":"Secondary_Page","siteid":"advertising-and-corporate-services","authzrequired":"false"}]; </script> <script> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-W6DD7HV'); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var App = App || {}; App.LoginUserInfo = { isInstLoggedIn: 0, isIndividualLoggedIn: 0 }; App.CurrentSubdomain = 'advertising-and-corporate-services'; App.SiteURL = 'academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services'; </script> <meta name="cms-page-type" content="Standard"><title>Supplements | Advertising and Corporate Services</title> <meta name="description" content="Supplements with our prestigious journals are effective and timely tools for delivering critical research and clinical findings direct to the professionals"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://academic.oup.com/data/sitebuilderassetsoriginals/live/images/umbrella/umbrella_ogimage.png" > <meta property="og:image:alt" content="site image" > <script> var SCM = SCM || {}; SCM.pubGradeAdsEnabled = false; </script> <script async="async" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var NTPT_PGEXTRA= 'event_type=other&supplier_tag=SC_Academic&object_type=Secondary_Page&siteid=advertising-and-corporate-services&authzrequired=false'; </script> </head> <body data-sitename="advertisingandcorporateservices" class="off-canvas pg_SelfServePage pg_selfservepage ccms ext-rebrandable-microsite" theme-advertising-and-corporate-services data-sitestyletemplate="Journal" > <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W6DD7HV" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <input id="hdnSiteID" name="hdnSiteID" type="hidden" value="6473" /><input id="hdnAdDelaySeconds" name="hdnAdDelaySeconds" type="hidden" value="3000" /><input id="hdnAdConfigurationTop" name="hdnAdConfigurationTop" type="hidden" value="default" /><input id="hdnAdConfigurationRightRail" name="hdnAdConfigurationRightRail" type="hidden" value="default" /> <div class="master-container js-master-container"> <div class="widget widget-SitewideBanner widget-instance-"> </div> <div id="main" class="content-main js-main ui-base"> <div id="cloudCMS" class="secondary-rows-cms"> <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { var x = window.matchMedia("(max-width: 929px)"); resetDropdowns(x); x.addListener(resetDropdowns); function resetDropdowns(x) { $(".navBar").show() if (x.matches) { $('.dropdownPanel').hide(); // document.querySelector(".dropdownToggle.burgerMenu").parentNode.querySelector(".dropdownPanel").style.backgroundColor = 'white'; } else { $('.dropdownPanel').hide(); $('.burgerMenu + .dropdownPanel').show(); // document.querySelector(".dropdownToggle.burgerMenu").parentNode.querySelector(".dropdownPanel").style.backgroundColor = '#022246'; } } document.querySelector(".dropdownToggle.burgerMenu").addEventListener('click', function (e) { const panel = document.querySelector(".dropdownToggle.burgerMenu").parentNode.querySelector(".dropdownPanel"); if(panel.style.display == 'none') { panel.style.display = 'block' } else { panel.style.display = 'none' } }) document.querySelectorAll("li.dropdown1").forEach(el => { el.addEventListener('click', function(e) { const panel = e.target.parentNode.querySelector(".dropdownPanel"); if(panel.style.display == 'none'){ closeAllDropdowns(); panel.style.display = "block"; e.target.ariaExpanded = true; } else { panel.style.display = "none"; e.target.ariaExpanded = false; } }) el.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) { if(e.keyCode == 27) { let panel; if(e.target.parentNode.classList.contains('dropdown1')) { panel = e.target.parentNode.querySelector(".dropdownPanel"); } else if(e.target.parentNode.classList.length == 0) { panel = e.target.parentNode.parentNode.parentNode } panel.style.display = "none"; e.target.ariaExpanded = false; panel.parentNode.querySelector('.dropdownToggle').focus(); } }) el.addEventListener("focusout", function(e) { const nodeList = e.target.parentNode.querySelectorAll("a"); let relatedNodeList; if(e.relatedTarget) relatedNodeList = e.relatedTarget.parentNode.querySelectorAll("a"); // console.log(e.target, e.relatedTarget); if(e.relatedTarget == null || (e.target.classList.contains("dropdownToggle") && e.relatedTarget.classList.contains("dropdownToggle")) || (![...nodeList].some(element => element == e.relatedTarget) && !areTheySiblings(e.target, e.relatedTarget) && ![...relatedNodeList].some(element => element == e.target))) { closeAllDropdowns(); } }) }) function areTheySiblings(el1, el2) { return (el1.parentNode.parentNode == el2.parentNode.parentNode) } function closeAllDropdowns() { document.querySelectorAll("li.dropdown1").forEach(el => { const panel = el.querySelector(".dropdownPanel"); panel.style.display = "none"; el.querySelector('.dropdownToggle').ariaExpanded = false; }) } }) </script> <a href="#mainContent" class="skipnav">Skip to main content</a> <header> <div class="inner"> <a class="siteName" href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services"><img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/image/oa-logo.svg?node=cbd1e7fd7e6b1da3bd08" alt="Oxford Academic Logo"><img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/image/oa-logo-black.svg?node=7e9773cdf3eddb3ce1a5" alt="Oxford Academic Logo" class="printLogo">Advertising & Corporate Services</a> </div> </header> <div class="navBar"> <div class="inner"> <nav class="dropdown1"> <button type="button" class="dropdownToggle burgerMenu" aria-expanded="false">Menu</button> <div class="dropdownPanel"> <ul class="mainNav"> <li class="dropdown1"> <button type="button" class="dropdownToggle" aria-expanded="false">Subject</button> <div class="dropdownPanel" style="display: none;"> <ul> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/aesthetic-surgery">Aesthetic Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/cardiology">Cardiology</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/central-nervous-system">Central Nervous System</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/dermatology">Dermatology</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/diabetes-and-metabolism">Diabetes and Metabolism</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/endocrinology">Endocrinology</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/gastroenterology">Gastroenterology</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/gerontology">Gerontology</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/human-reproduction">Human Reproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/immunology">Immunology</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/infectious-diseases">Infectious Diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/lab-medicine-pathology-science">Lab Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/nephrology">Nephrology</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/microbiology">Microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/neuro-oncology">Neuro-oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/oncology">Oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/pain-medicine">Pain Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/pain-and-burn-care">Pain and Burn Care</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/pharmacy-and-pharmacology">Pharmacy and Pharmacology</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/public-health">Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/rheumatology">Rheumatology</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/stem-cells">Stem Cells</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/surgery">Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/womens-healthcare">Women's Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/media-kits">Browse all subjects</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown1"> <button type="button" class="dropdownToggle" aria-expanded="false">Advertising</button> <div class="dropdownPanel" style="display: none;"> <ul> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/media-kits">Journal media kits</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/digital-advertising">Digital advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/digital-creative-specifications">Digital creative specifications</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/print-advertising">Print advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/print-creative-specifications">Print creative specifications</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/hosted-content">Hosted content</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown1"> <button type="button" class="dropdownToggle" aria-expanded="false">Supplements & Content Solutions</button> <div class="dropdownPanel" style="display: none;"> <ul> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/supplements">Supplements</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/open-access-supplements">Open access supplements</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/branded-books">Branded books</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/virtual-roundtables">Virtual roundtables</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/insight-papers">Insight papers</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/peer-reviewed-podcasts">Peer-reviewed podcasts</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown1"> <button type="button" class="dropdownToggle" aria-expanded="false">Reprints & ePrints</button> <div class="dropdownPanel" style="display: none;"> <ul> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/reprints">Reprints</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/eprints">ePrints</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/chapter-reprints">Chapter reprints</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown1"> <button type="button" class="dropdownToggle" aria-expanded="false">Licensing</button> <div class="dropdownPanel" style="display: none;"> <ul> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/licensing-edtech-landing-page">About licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/books-licensing">Books licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/journals-licensing">Journals licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/local-editions-and-cme-licensing">Local editions & CME licensing</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown1"> <button type="button" class="dropdownToggle" aria-expanded="false">About</button> <div class="dropdownPanel" style="display: none;"> <ul> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/case-studies">Case studies</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/newsletter">Newsletter sign up</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/contact-us">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="mainContent" ><div class="rows"><div class="row rowForSecondaryContent" id="undefined"><div class="rowInner"><div class="main"><div class="secondaryContent"><h1>Supplements</h1><p>Supplements with our prestigious journals are effective and timely tools for delivering critical research and clinical findings direct to the professionals that need to see them.</p> <div class="videoContainer"><iframe allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" data-id="oqlKraXKOqM" data-template="YouTube" frameborder="0" mozallowfullscreen="" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/oqlKraXKOqM" webkitallowfullscreen=""></iframe></div> <h2>Highest standards of quality</h2> <p>At Oxford University Press, our commitment to the very highest standards of quality means that your supplement will be fair, balanced, peer-reviewed and achieve maximum impact to your intended audience. Furthermore, we take care to offer you the support and guidance that you require throughout the publication process.<br /> <br /> Supplements can be mailed with a print copy of the journal, be posted online, and be made “free to view” as desired. Supplements are expected to meet the same editorial standards as the journal and are subject to approval of the Editor prior to acceptance.<br /> <br /> Not all journals accept supplements; please check with your Account Manager for confirmation.</p> <p>See our supplement case studies:</p> <p><a data-link-id="4ccfe8df-952a-4b00-8071-b011cdf26328" href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/pain-medicine-case-study">Pain Medicine</a></p> <p><a data-link-id="ea891118-6a52-44fb-b73d-1ca1b9d5ff49" href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/rheumatology-case-study">Rheumatology</a></p> <p>Or learn more about how to publish your supplement in OUP’s Plan S compliant <a data-link-id="d1c17c44-3d1b-4e1b-895e-0974693c7cd7" href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/open-access-supplements">fully open access journals</a></p> <p><a data-link-id="c0cced89-a0c9-40de-8aa2-fda8205bef7b" href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/contact-us">Contact us</a> for more information.</p> </div></div><div class="right"> <div class="editable blockLink"> <a href="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/advertising-and-corporate-services/document/Advertising-solutions-from-Oxford-University-Press.pdf?node=2f62163e97f53c3f041c"> <p>Download our 2025 Corporate Brochure</p> </a> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/advertising-and-corporate-services/image/MediaPackImage-EditablePanelAds.jpg?node=b7fb10cad4e3ec004629&version=661619:115e7fce7d9783ff8a2a" alt=""> </div> <div class="itemBody"> <h2> <p>Download our 2025 Corporate Brochure</p> </h2> <p>Shows all our available advertising in one handy PDF.</p> </div> </div> <div class="editable blockLink"> <a href="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/advertising-and-corporate-services/document/OA-plan-s-2023?node=9dc4a1aceb5bd9c509f3"> Download our Open access 2024 brochure </a> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/advertising-and-corporate-services/image/OA+Plan+S+brochure?node=33761787310c81c0a101&version=652561:c9c0b84697587dcb5196" alt=""> </div> <div class="itemBody"> <h2> Download our Open access 2024 brochure </h2> Find out about publishing a supplement with OUP's Open Access Journals. </div> </div> </div></div></div> <div class="row rowForSingleVideo" > <div class="rowInner"> <div class="panels" columns="1"> <div class="col"> <div class="editable"> <div class="itemHead panelVideo"> <div class="videoContainer"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUFDmh2YzBI" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div><div class = "row rowForAdvertisingProductMenu" id=""> <div class="rowInner"> <div class="advertisingProductMenu"> <div class = "advertisingProductMenuProduct"> <h2>Virtual roundtables</h2> Virtual Webinars and Roundtables offer you the opportunity to host content with a top medical journal published by Oxford University Press. <a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/virtual-roundtables" class="buttony">Find out more</a> </div> <div class = "advertisingProductMenuProduct"> <h2>Insight Papers</h2> Looking for new ways to raise awareness around a particular disease or hot topic?<br /> <a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/insight-papers" class="buttony">Find out more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row rowForEditablePanels"><div class="rowInner"> <div class="panels" columns="4"> <div class="col"> <div class="editable blockLink"> <a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/open-access-supplements"> OUP's Plan S compliant fully open access journals </a> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/advertising-and-corporate-services/image/Supplements-EditablePanel.png?node=0c0153ae6aecdd340a98&version=662919:f978d4e6b3df59a5642e" alt=""></div><div class="itemBody"> <h2> OUP's Plan S compliant fully open access journals </h2> <p>Researchers who need to comply with cOAlition S funder policies can do so by publishing in OUP’s fully open access journals. The most influential researchers and research institutions are represented as members and authors in our top-tier journals.</p></div> </div></div> <div class="col"> <div class="editable"> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/advertising-and-corporate-services/image/GenericHPimageEditablePanel.png?node=f81bf0b04767fd14da04&version=615545:7fc029921f444949ac6b" alt=""></div><div class="itemBody"> <h2> Calling Researchers, Authors and Funders </h2> <p>Looking for the perfect venue to publish your latest research and data? Would you like to take the lead and guest edit a supplement on a particular topic? We are currently accepting supplement proposals for selected medical journals.</p></div> </div></div> <div class="col"> <div class="editable blockLink"> <a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/reprints"> Reprints </a> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/advertising-and-corporate-services/image/Reprints-EditablePanel.png?node=4dfe1edb0bf5f94b38c6&version=662919:f978d4e6b3df59a5642e" alt=""></div><div class="itemBody"> <h2> Reprints </h2> <p>Article reprints and ePrints are a tried and tested solution, valued by healthcare practitioners and scientific researchers globally – whether it’s up to date guidelines, or cutting-edge research everyone wants to be kept informed via credible, peer-reviewed sources.</p></div> </div></div> <div class="col"> <div class="editable blockLink"> <a href="/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/digital-advertising"> Digital advertising </a> <div class="itemHead"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/advertising-and-corporate-services/image/Advertising-EditablePanel.png?node=13cfa799daa850e5a442&version=657643:e108d5773e1f4c8d21c0" alt=""></div><div class="itemBody"> <h2> Digital advertising </h2> <p>Advertising with Oxford University Press gives you tried and tested ways of reaching significant audiences with a range of tailored options. Our team of specialists go above and beyond to find the right match for your campaign and are experts at listening to your needs and finding the right fit.</p></div> </div></div> </div></div></div></div></div><footer> <div class="inner"> <div class="footerMain"> <div class="footerLeft"> <h2>Advertising & Corporate Services</h2> </div> <div class="footerRight"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/image/oup-logo-white.svg?node=c0b695625903285778a1" alt="Oxford University Press" class="footerOUPLogo"> <img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/image/oup-logo-black.svg?node=63f7fbe0859dbba94c8e" alt="Oxford University Press" class="printLogo"> </div> </div> <div class="footerFoot"> <div class="copyright">© Copyright Oxford University Press 2024</div> <a href="https://global.oup.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a> <a href="https://global.oup.com/cookiepolicy/">Cookie Policy</a> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/about_us/legal/notices">Legal Notice</a> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/about_us/legal/accessibility">Accessibility</a> <a class="footerLinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/oup-corporate-services "><img src="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/image/linkedin-white.svg?node=fe35eb26b09da3213d51" alt="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a> </div> </div> </footer></div><input id="cloud-cms-content-cache-hit" name="cloud-cms-content-cache-hit" type="hidden" value="" /> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> MathJax = { tex: { inlineMath: [['|$', '$|'], ['\\(', '\\)']] } }; </script> <script id="MathJax-script" async src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <!-- CookiePro Default Categories --> <!-- When the Cookie Compliance code loads, if cookies for the associated group have consent... it will dynamically change the tag to: script type=text/JavaScript... the code inside the tags will then be recognized and run as normal. --> <script> var NTPT_PGEXTRA = 'event_type=other\u0026supplier_tag=SC_Academic\u0026object_type=Secondary_Page\u0026siteid=advertising-and-corporate-services\u0026authzrequired=false'; </script> <!-- Copyright 2001-2010, IBM Corporation All rights reserved. --> <script type="text/javascript" src="//ouptag.scholarlyiq.com/ntpagetag.js" class="optanon-category-C0002"></script> <noscript> <img src="//ouptag.scholarlyiq.com/ntpagetag.gif?js=0" height="1" width="1" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" alt="Scholarly IQ" /> </noscript> <script type="text/javascript" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/jsdist/v-638669719712896271/site.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { SCM.ScholarlyiQ.trackSelfServePageEvents(); }); </script> <div class="ad-banner js-ad-riser ad-banner-riser"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlock widget-instance-RiserAd"> </div> </div> <script src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/scm.proxylogging.js"></script> <div class="end-of-page-js"></div> </body> </html>