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Liu Xian (Later Zhao) - Wikipedia

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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Liu" title="Liu">Liu</a></i>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Liu Xian, see <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Liu Xian (disambiguation)">Liu Xian</a>.</div> <p><b>Liu Xian</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 劉顯; died 352) was a military general of the <a href="/wiki/Later_Zhao" title="Later Zhao">Later Zhao</a> dynasty and ruler during the <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a> period. During the <a href="/wiki/Ran_Wei%E2%80%93Later_Zhao_War" title="Ran Wei–Later Zhao War">Ran Wei–Later Zhao War</a>, he defected to <a href="/wiki/Ran_Wei" title="Ran Wei">Ran Wei</a> and assassinated the Zhao emperor, <a href="/wiki/Shi_Zhi" title="Shi Zhi">Shi Zhi</a>, thus ending the Later Zhao. However, he then betrayed Wei and declared himself emperor in Zhao's capital, Xiangguo (襄國, in modern <a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>), but was eventually defeated and killed in 352. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Xian_(Later_Zhao)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virtually nothing is known about Liu Xian’s background, except that he worked as a general under the Later Zhao. In 351, the Emperor of Zhao, Shi Zhi, ordered him to lead 70,000 men and attack the <a href="/wiki/Heavenly_King" title="Heavenly King">Heavenly King</a> of Wei, <a href="/wiki/Ran_Min" title="Ran Min">Ran Min</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Ye_(Hebei)" title="Ye (Hebei)">Yecheng</a>. Liu Xian marched to Mingguang Palace (明光宮), just 23 <i>li</i> (approx. 9.5 km) away from the city. Initially, Ran Min was startled by Liu Xian's arrival, but he eventually decided to bring his army out fight. Ran Min dealt Liu Xian a decisive defeat and pursued him to Yangping (陽平郡; in present-day <a href="/wiki/Qingfeng_County" title="Qingfeng County">Qingfeng County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>), killing 30,000 of Liu Xian's troops in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ran Min's victory frightened Liu Xian into submission. In order to prove his worth, Liu Xian promised Ran Min that he would assassinate Shi Zhi for him. Ran Min believed him and allowed him to return to the Zhao capital, Xiangguo.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the summer of 351, Liu Xian killed Shi Zhi, the Prime Minister, Shi Bing (石炳), the Grand Governor, Zhao Shu (趙庶) and many others, totalling more than ten people. He then sent their heads to Yecheng, where Ran Min had Shi Zhi's head burnt in public. Later Zhao was at its end. For his contributions, Ran Min appointed Liu Xian as Supreme Grand General, Grand Chanyu and Governor of <a href="/wiki/Jizhou_(ancient_China)" title="Jizhou (ancient China)">Jizhou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, just three months later, Liu Xian betrayed Ran Min and attacked him at Yecheng. He was once again defeated and retreated back to Xiangguo, where he declared himself as the new emperor. In early 352, Liu Xian attacked Ran Wei at <a href="/wiki/Changshan_Commandery" title="Changshan Commandery">Changshan Commandery</a>, prompting Ran Min march out with 8,000 cavalries to repel him. Meanwhile, Liu Xian's Grand Marshal, Liu Ning (劉寧), surrendered Zaoqiang (棗強, in modern <a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>) to Wei. Ran Min defeated Liu Xian and chased him back to Xiangguo. Liu Xian's Grand General, Cao Fuju (曹伏駒), opened the gates and allowed Ran Min's army to enter. As a result, Ran Min massacred Liu Xian and his followers before burning down the city palaces and forcibly relocating the population to Yecheng.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Xian_(Later_Zhao)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(趙王祗使其將劉顯帥眾七萬攻鄴,軍於明光宮,去鄴二十三里。魏主閔恐... 乃悉眾出戰,大破顯軍,追奔至陽平,斬首三萬餘級。) <i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, vol.99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(顯懼,密使請降,求殺石祗為效。) <i>Shiliuguo Chunqiu</i>, vol.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(劉顯弒趙王祗及其丞相安樂王炳、太宰趙庶等十餘人,傳首於鄴... 魏主閔焚祗首於通衢,拜顯上大將軍、大單于、冀州牧。) <i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, vol.99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(劉顯攻常山,魏主閔留大將軍蔣干使輔太子智守鄴,自將八千騎救之。顯大司馬清河王寧以棗強降魏。閔擊顯,敗之,追奔至襄國。顯大將軍曹伏駒開門納閔。閔殺顯及其公卿己下百餘人,焚襄國宮室,遷其民於鄴。) <i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, vol.99</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Guang" title="Sima Guang">Sima, Guang</a> (1084). <i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cui_Hong_(historian)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cui Hong (historian) (page does not exist)">Cui, Hong</a> (501-522). <i><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_Annals_of_the_Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms">Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms</a></i> (<i>Shiliuguo Chunqiu</i>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sixteen_Kingdoms_monarchs" title="Template:Sixteen Kingdoms monarchs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sixteen_Kingdoms_monarchs" title="Template talk:Sixteen Kingdoms monarchs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sixteen_Kingdoms_monarchs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sixteen Kingdoms monarchs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_the_Sixteen_Kingdoms1673" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Monarchs of the <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cheng-Han" title="Cheng-Han">Cheng-Han</a> (304–347)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Li_Te" title="Li Te">Li Te</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Li_Liu_(Cheng-Han)" title="Li Liu (Cheng-Han)">Li Liu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiong" title="Li Xiong">Li Xiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Ban" title="Li Ban">Li Ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qi_(emperor)" title="Li Qi (emperor)">Li Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shou" title="Li Shou">Li Shou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shi_(emperor)" title="Li Shi (emperor)">Li Shi</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Fan_Ben" title="Fan Ben">Fan Ben</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Han-Zhao" title="Han-Zhao">Han-Zhao</a> (304–329)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yuan_(Han-Zhao)" title="Liu Yuan (Han-Zhao)">Liu Yuan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Liu_He_(Han-Zhao)" title="Liu He (Han-Zhao)">Liu He</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Cong_(Han-Zhao)" title="Liu Cong (Han-Zhao)">Liu Cong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Can" title="Liu Can">Liu Can</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jin_Zhun" title="Jin Zhun">Jin Zhun</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yao" title="Liu Yao">Liu Yao</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Liu_Xi_(Han-Zhao)" title="Liu Xi (Han-Zhao)">Liu Xi</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Former_Liang" title="Former Liang">Former Liang</a> (318–376)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Zhang_Gui" title="Zhang Gui">Zhang Gui</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shi_(Former_Liang)" title="Zhang Shi (Former Liang)">Zhang Shi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Mao" title="Zhang Mao">Zhang Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jun_(prince)" title="Zhang Jun (prince)">Zhang Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chonghua" title="Zhang Chonghua">Zhang Chonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yaoling" title="Zhang Yaoling">Zhang Yaoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zuo" title="Zhang Zuo">Zhang Zuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xuanjing" title="Zhang Xuanjing">Zhang Xuanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Tianxi" title="Zhang Tianxi">Zhang Tianxi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Zhao" title="Later Zhao">Later Zhao</a> (319–351)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Le" title="Shi Le">Shi Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Hong" title="Shi Hong">Shi Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Hu" title="Shi Hu">Shi Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Shi_(emperor)" title="Shi Shi (emperor)">Shi Shi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Zun" title="Shi Zun">Shi Zun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Jian" title="Shi Jian">Shi Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Zhi" title="Shi Zhi">Shi Zhi</a></li> <li>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liu Xian</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Former_Yan" title="Former Yan">Former Yan</a> (337–370)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Huang" title="Murong Huang">Murong Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Jun" title="Murong Jun">Murong Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Wei" title="Murong Wei">Murong Wei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Former_Qin" title="Former Qin">Former Qin</a> (351–394)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Jian_(317%E2%80%93355)" title="Fu Jian (317–355)">Fu Jiàn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Sheng_(Former_Qin)" title="Fu Sheng (Former Qin)">Fu Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Jian_(337%E2%80%93385)" title="Fu Jian (337–385)">Fu Jiān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Pi" title="Fu Pi">Fu Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Deng" title="Fu Deng">Fu Deng</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Dou_Chong" title="Dou Chong">Dou Chong</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Chong" title="Fu Chong">Fu Chong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Yan" title="Later Yan">Later Yan</a> (384–409)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Chui" title="Murong Chui">Murong Chui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Bao" title="Murong Bao">Murong Bao</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Murong_Xiang" title="Murong Xiang">Murong Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Lin" title="Murong Lin">Murong Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lan_Han" title="Lan Han">Lan Han</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Sheng" title="Murong Sheng">Murong Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Xi" title="Murong Xi">Murong Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Yun_(emperor)" title="Gao Yun (emperor)">Murong Yun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Qin" title="Later Qin">Later Qin</a> (384–417)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Chang" title="Yao Chang">Yao Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Xing" title="Yao Xing">Yao Xing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Hong" title="Yao Hong">Yao Hong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Qin" title="Western Qin">Western Qin</a> (385–431)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qifu_Guoren" title="Qifu Guoren">Qifu Guoren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qifu_Gangui" title="Qifu Gangui">Qifu Qiangui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qifu_Chipan" title="Qifu Chipan">Qifu Chipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qifu_Mumo" title="Qifu Mumo">Qifu Mumo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Later Liang</a> (386–403)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Guang" title="Lü Guang">Lü Guang</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Shao" title="Lü Shao">Lü Shao</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Zuan" title="Lü Zuan">Lü Zuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Long" title="Lü Long">Lü Long</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Southern Liang</a> (397–414)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tufa_Wugu" title="Tufa Wugu">Tufa Wugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufa_Lilugu" title="Tufa Lilugu">Tufa Lilugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufa_Rutan" title="Tufa Rutan">Tufa Rutan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Liang" title="Northern Liang">Northern Liang</a> (397–460)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duan_Ye" title="Duan Ye">Duan Ye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juqu_Mengxun" title="Juqu Mengxun">Juqu Mengxun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juqu_Mujian" title="Juqu Mujian">Juqu Mujian</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Juqu_Wuhui" title="Juqu Wuhui">Juqu Wuhui</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Juqu_Anzhou" title="Juqu Anzhou">Juqu Anzhou</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Yan" title="Southern Yan">Southern Yan</a> (398–410)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murong_De" title="Murong De">Murong De</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Chao" title="Murong Chao">Murong Chao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Western Liang</a> (400–421)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Gao" title="Li Gao">Li Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xin_(Western_Liang)" title="Li Xin (Western Liang)">Li Xin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xun_(Western_Liang)" title="Li Xun (Western Liang)">Li Xun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xia_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Xia</a> (407–431)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helian_Bobo" title="Helian Bobo">Helian Bobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helian_Chang" title="Helian Chang">Helian Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helian_Ding" title="Helian Ding">Helian Ding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yan" title="Northern Yan">Northern Yan</a> (407–436)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Yun_(emperor)" title="Gao Yun (emperor)">Gao Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Ba" title="Feng Ba">Feng Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Hong" title="Feng Hong">Feng Hong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chouchi" title="Chouchi">Chouchi</a> (296–443)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Maosou" title="Yang Maosou">Yang Maosou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Nandi" title="Yang Nandi">Yang Nandi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Yi_(Chouchi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Yi (Chouchi) (page does not exist)">Yang Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Chu_(Chouchi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Chu (Chouchi) (page does not exist)">Yang Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Guo_(Chouchi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Guo (Chouchi) (page does not exist)">Yang Guo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Jun_(Chouchi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Jun (Chouchi) (page does not exist)">Yang Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Shi_(Chouchi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Shi (Chouchi) (page does not exist)">Yang Shi</a></li> <li>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Tong_(Chouchi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Tong (Chouchi) (page does not exist)">Yang Tong</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Cuan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Cuan (page does not exist)">Yang Cuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Ding_(Chouchi)" title="Yang Ding (Chouchi)">Yang Ding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Sheng_(Chouchi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Sheng (Chouchi) (page does not exist)">Yang Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Xuan_(Chouchi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Xuan (Chouchi) (page does not exist)">Yang Xuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Baozong&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Baozong (page does not exist)">Yang Baozong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Nandang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Nandang (page does not exist)">Yang Nandang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Baochi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Baochi (page does not exist)">Yang Baochi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dai_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Dai</a> (310–376)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yilu" title="Tuoba Yilu">Tuoba Yilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Pugen" title="Tuoba Pugen">Tuoba Pugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Tuoba_Pugen" title="Son of Tuoba Pugen">Son of Tuoba Pugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yul%C3%BC" title="Tuoba Yulü">Tuoba Yulü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Heru" title="Tuoba Heru">Tuoba Heru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Hena" title="Tuoba Hena">Tuoba Hena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yihuai" title="Tuoba Yihuai">Tuoba Yihuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Hena" title="Tuoba Hena">Tuoba Hena</a> <small>(2nd reign)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Yihuai" title="Tuoba Yihuai">Tuoba Yihuai</a> <small>(2nd reign)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_Shiyiqian" title="Tuoba Shiyiqian">Tuoba Shiyiqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ran_Wei" title="Ran Wei">Ran Wei</a> (350–352)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ran_Min" title="Ran Min">Ran Min</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Ran_Zhi" title="Ran Zhi">Ran Zhi</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Duan Qi (350–356)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duan_Kan" title="Duan Kan">Duan Kan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Yan" title="Western Yan">Western Yan</a> (384–394)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Hong" title="Murong Hong">Murong Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Chong" title="Murong Chong">Murong Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duan_Sui" title="Duan Sui">Duan Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Yi" title="Murong Yi">Murong Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Yao" title="Murong Yao">Murong Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Zhong" title="Murong Zhong">Murong Zhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong_Yong" title="Murong Yong">Murong Yong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhai_Wei" title="Zhai Wei">Zhai Wei</a> (388–392)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhai_Liao" title="Zhai Liao">Zhai Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhai_Zhao" title="Zhai Zhao">Zhai Zhao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Huan Chu (403–404)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huan_Xuan" title="Huan Xuan">Huan Xuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Shu (405–413)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Zong" title="Qiao Zong">Qiao Zong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Xia" title="Template:Kings of Xia">Xia</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Shang" title="Template:Kings of Shang">Shang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Zhou" title="Template:Kings of Zhou">Zhou</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Qin" title="Template:Monarchs of Qin">Qin</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Han_emperors" title="Template:Han emperors">Han</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Three_Kingdoms_emperors" title="Template:Three Kingdoms emperors">3 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Template:Jin emperors (266–420)">Jìn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Sixteen_Kingdoms_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Sixteen Kingdoms rulers">16 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Southern dynasties emperors">S. Dynasties</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Northern dynasties emperors">N. Dynasties</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Sui_emperors" title="Template:Sui emperors">Sui</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Tang_emperors" title="Template:Tang emperors">Tang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_rulers" title="Template:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers">5 Dynasties &amp; 10 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Liao_emperors" title="Template:Liao emperors">Liao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Song_emperors" title="Template:Song emperors">Song</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Xia_emperors" title="Template:Western Xia emperors">W. Xia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Template:Jin emperors (1115–1234)">Jīn</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Yuan_emperors" title="Template:Yuan emperors">Yuan</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Ming_emperors" title="Template:Ming emperors">Ming</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Qing_emperors" title="Template:Qing emperors">Qing</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Presidents of the Republic of China">ROC</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Paramount_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Paramount leaders of the People&#39;s Republic of China">PRC</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐78dc96c859‐qjbf8 Cached time: 20250212081107 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.192 seconds Real time usage: 0.289 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 623/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 34679/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 623/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12027/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.115/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2412864/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 242.914 1 -total 42.75% 103.836 1 Template:Sixteen_Kingdoms_rulers 39.84% 96.769 1 Template:Navbox 26.71% 64.876 1 Template:Short_description 16.64% 40.414 2 Template:Pagetype 10.17% 24.710 1 Template:Family_name_hatnote 8.57% 20.807 1 Template:Authority_control 7.89% 19.172 1 Template:Chinese_heads_of_state 6.87% 16.684 1 Template:Family_name_explanation/core 6.41% 15.567 1 Template:Other_people --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:72262357:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250212081107 and revision id 1226033169. 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