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<div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-形成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>形成</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-形成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參阅" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參阅"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>參阅</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參阅-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">複式火山</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。67种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulkaan" title="Stratovulkaan – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stratovulkaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%8A" title="بركان طبقي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بركان طبقي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estratovolc%C3%A1n" title="Estratovolcán – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estratovolcán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qar%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1q_vulkan" title="Qarışıq vulkan – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qarışıq vulkan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Api_Kojong" title="Gunung Api Kojong – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gunung Api Kojong" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estratobulkan" title="Estratobulkan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Estratobulkan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Стратавулкан – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стратавулкан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Стратавулькан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Стратавулькан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Стратовулкан – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стратовулкан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="মিশ্র আগ্নেয়গিরি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিশ্র আগ্নেয়গিরি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estratovolc%C3%A0" title="Estratovolcà – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estratovolcà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulk%C3%A1n" title="Stratovulkán – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stratovulkán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulkan" title="Stratovulkan – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stratovulkan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schichtvulkan" title="Schichtvulkan – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schichtvulkan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Stratovolcano" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulkano" title="Stratovulkano – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stratovulkano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estratovolc%C3%A1n" title="Estratovolcán – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estratovolcán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kihtvulkaan" title="Kihtvulkaan – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kihtvulkaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geruza-sumendi" title="Geruza-sumendi – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Geruza-sumendi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="آتشفشان چینه‌ای – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آتشفشان چینه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrostulivuori" title="Kerrostulivuori – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kerrostulivuori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcan" title="Stratovolcan – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stratovolcan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratofulkaan" title="Stratofulkaan – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stratofulkaan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estratovolc%C3%A1n" title="Estratovolcán – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estratovolcán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="मिश्रित ज्वालामुखी – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मिश्रित ज्वालामुखी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulkan" title="Stratovulkan – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stratovulkan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B2lkan_konpozit" title="Vòlkan konpozit – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vòlkan konpozit" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9tegvulk%C3%A1n" title="Rétegvulkán – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rétegvulkán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD" title="Ստրատոհրաբուխ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստրատոհրաբուխ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_berapi_kerucut" title="Gunung berapi kerucut – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gunung berapi kerucut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estratobulkan" title="Estratobulkan – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Estratobulkan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldkeila" title="Eldkeila – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eldkeila" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulcano" title="Stratovulcano – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stratovulcano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%B1%A4%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="成層火山 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="成層火山" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სტრატოვულკანი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტრატოვულკანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Стратожанартау – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Стратожанартау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%B8%B5_%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0" title="성층 화산 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성층 화산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolkan" title="Stratovolkan – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stratovolkan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulkanas" title="Stratovulkanas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stratovulkanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulk%C4%81ns" title="Stratovulkāns – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stratovulkāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Стратовулкан – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стратовулкан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolkano" title="Stratovolkano – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Stratovolkano" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulkaan" title="Stratovulkaan – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stratovulkaan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulkan" title="Stratovulkan – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stratovulkan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulkan" title="Stratovulkan – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stratovulkan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estratovolcan" title="Estratovolcan – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estratovolcan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estratubulkan" title="Estratubulkan – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Estratubulkan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratowulkan" title="Stratowulkan – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stratowulkan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estratovulc%C3%A3o" title="Estratovulcão – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estratovulcão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulcan" title="Stratovulcan – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stratovulcan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Стратовулкан – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стратовулкан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Стратовулкан – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Стратовулкан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Stratovolcano" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulkan" title="Stratovulkan – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stratovulkan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stratovolcano" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulk%C3%A1n" title="Stratovulkán – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stratovulkán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulkan" title="Stratovulkan – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stratovulkan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Стратовулкан – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стратовулкан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovulkan" title="Stratovulkan – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stratovulkan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="சுழல் வடிவ எரிமலை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுழல் வடிவ எரிமலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="กรวยภูเขาไฟสลับชั้น – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กรวยภูเขาไฟสลับชั้น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolkan" title="Stratovolkan – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Stratovolkan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Стратовулкан – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стратовулкан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAi_l%E1%BB%ADa_d%E1%BA%A1ng_t%E1%BA%A7ng" title="Núi lửa dạng tầng – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Núi lửa dạng tầng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="复式火山 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="复式火山" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სტრატოვულკანი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სტრატოვულკანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C3%A2%E2%81%BF-ch%C3%A2n_h%C3%B3e-soa%E2%81%BF" title="Chiâⁿ-chân hóe-soaⁿ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiâⁿ-chân hóe-soaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/44px-Antistub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/66px-Antistub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/88px-Antistub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要擴充。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2018年6月12日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请協助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%A4%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&action=edit">改善这篇條目</a>，更進一步的信息可能會在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%A4%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Talk:複式火山">討論頁</a>或<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%89%A9%E5%85%85%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82" title="Wikipedia:扩充请求">扩充请求</a>中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-7334c858" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Unit"></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesuvius_from_Naples_at_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vesuvius_from_Naples_at_sunset.jpg/300px-Vesuvius_from_Naples_at_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vesuvius_from_Naples_at_sunset.jpg/450px-Vesuvius_from_Naples_at_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vesuvius_from_Naples_at_sunset.jpg/600px-Vesuvius_from_Naples_at_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>位於義大利<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="那不勒斯">那不勒斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E8%98%87%E5%A8%81%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="維蘇威火山">維蘇威火山</a>是個複式火山</figcaption></figure> <p><b>複式火山</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Stratovolcano</span>），又稱為<b>成層火山</b>、<b>層狀火山</b>，<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>是一個錐形火山，是由多層的硬化的<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E5%B2%A9" title="熔岩">熔岩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%99%B4%E7%99%BC%E7%A2%8E%E5%B1%91" title="火山噴發碎屑">火山噴發碎屑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E5%B2%A9" title="浮岩">浮岩</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%81%B0" title="火山灰">火山灰</a>堆積形成的。與<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%BE%E7%8B%80%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="盾狀火山">盾狀火山</a>不同，複式火山的特點是陡峭的輪廓、週期性<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="爆炸式火山喷发" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Explosive eruption"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%96%B7%E5%8F%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爆炸式火山喷发（页面不存在）">爆炸式火山喷发</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_eruption" class="extiw" title="en:Explosive eruption"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Explosive eruption</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%A2%E6%B5%81%E5%BC%8F%E5%96%B7%E5%8F%91" title="溢流式喷发">溢流式喷发</a>，已經崩潰的火山口被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="破火山口">破火山口</a>。成層火山流出的熔岩黏稠度較高，通常在蔓延不遠就冷卻硬化。形成的熔岩的岩漿多爲是長英質，具有高至中等水平<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="二氧化矽">二氧化矽</a>（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E7%B4%8B%E5%B2%A9" title="流紋岩">流紋岩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%89%E5%B2%A9" title="英安岩">英安岩</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%A9" title="安山岩">安山岩</a>），還有少量低粘稠的鎂鐵質火成岩。能蔓延到遠處的長英質熔岩流通常並不常見，僅有少數能蔓延到遠处达15公里（9.3英里）。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>複式火山有時被稱為複合火山，因為它們具有複合層狀結構，是由噴發物質連續噴出而形成的。與不太常見的類型是<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%BE%E7%8B%80%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="盾狀火山">盾狀火山</a>相比，它們是最常見的火山類型之一<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。兩個著名的複式火山是在<a href="/wiki/1883%E5%B9%B4%E5%96%80%E6%8B%89%E5%96%80%E6%89%98%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC" title="1883年喀拉喀托火山爆發">1883年災難性噴發</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E6%8B%89%E5%96%80%E6%89%98%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="喀拉喀托火山">喀拉喀托火山</a>和在<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="79年維蘇威火山的噴發" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=79%E5%B9%B4%E7%B6%AD%E8%98%87%E5%A8%81%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%99%B4%E7%99%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="79年維蘇威火山的噴發（页面不存在）">79年災難性噴發</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eruption_of_Mount_Vesuvius_in_79" class="extiw" title="en:Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79</span></a></span>）</span></span>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E8%98%87%E5%A8%81%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="維蘇威火山">維蘇威火山</a>，著名的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%90%E8%B2%9D%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="龐貝城">龐貝城</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%BA%93%E5%85%B0%E5%B0%BC%E5%A7%86%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E" title="赫库兰尼姆古城">赫库兰尼姆古城</a>在公元79年被其破壞，這兩個爆發奪去了數千人的生命。近代以來，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>[[華盛頓州的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%B5%B7%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="聖海倫斯火山">聖海倫斯火山</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓">菲律賓</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%B4%8D%E5%9C%96%E5%8D%9A%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="皮納圖博火山">皮納圖博火山</a>曾發生災難性噴發，但死亡人數較少。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="太阳系">太陽係</a>其他天體上複式火山的存在尚未得到最終證明<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一個可能的例外是<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>上存在一些孤立的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9D%97" title="山块">山块</a>，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="火星山脉列表">仄费里亚丘(Zephyria Tholus)</a><sup id="cite_ref-mars_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mars-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>因其優美對稱的外型，多成為觀光勝地。許多著名的火山都屬此類，例如：<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="富士山">富士山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%AF%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%A4" title="大屯火山群">大屯火山群</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%82%E9%9F%B3%E5%B1%B1_(%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97)" class="mw-redirect" title="观音山 (台北)">觀音山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓">菲律賓</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A6%AE%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="馬榮火山">馬榮火山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E8%98%87%E5%A8%81%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="維蘇威火山">維蘇威火山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%BE%99%E5%8D%9A%E5%88%A9%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="斯特龙博利岛">斯特龍博利島</a>火山等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="形成"><span id=".E5.BD.A2.E6.88.90"></span>形成</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A4%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：形成"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%88%90%E5%B2%A9" title="火成岩">火成岩</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Subduction-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Subduction-en.svg/330px-Subduction-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Subduction-en.svg/495px-Subduction-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Subduction-en.svg/660px-Subduction-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>俯衝帶和相關複式火山的橫斷面</figcaption></figure> <p>複式火山常見於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AF%E5%86%B2%E5%B8%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="俯冲带">俯衝帶</a>，沿著板塊構造邊界形成鍊和簇，其中<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC" title="海洋地殼">海洋地殼</a>位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="大陆地壳">大陸地殼</a>之下（大陸弧火山作用，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E6%96%AF%E5%96%80%E7%89%B9%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="喀斯喀特山脉">喀斯喀特山脉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%AC%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" class="mw-redirect" title="安第斯山脉">安第斯山脈</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="坎帕尼亞火山弧" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Campanian volcanic arc"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%8E%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%BC%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坎帕尼亞火山弧（页面不存在）">坎帕尼亞火山弧</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanian_volcanic_arc" class="extiw" title="en:Campanian volcanic arc"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Campanian volcanic arc</span></a></span>）</span></span>）或另一個海洋板塊之下（島弧火山作用，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓">菲律賓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%95%99%E7%94%B3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="阿留申群島">阿留申群島</a>）。當水合礦物和上洋殼多孔<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="玄武岩">玄武岩</a>中的水被釋放到下沉的海洋板塊上方<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E6%B5%81%E5%9C%88" title="软流圈">軟流圈</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%94" title="地幔">地幔</a>岩石中時，形成複式火山的岩漿就會上升<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmincke2003113–126_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmincke2003113–126-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。當板塊下降到更深的深度時，水從水合礦物中釋放出來的水被稱為“脫水”，每種礦物在特定的壓力和溫度下都會發生水的釋放<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。從岩石中釋放出來的水降低了上覆地函岩石的<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="熔點">熔點</a>，然後地函岩石發生部分熔化，上升（由於其密度相對於周圍地函岩石較輕），並暫時聚集在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E5%9C%88" title="岩石圈">岩石圈</a>底部。然後岩漿穿過地殼上升，融入富含二氧化矽的地殼岩石，形成最終的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E5%B2%A9" title="中性岩">中性岩</a>。當岩漿接近頂部表面時，它會聚集在成層火山下方地殼內的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%B5%86%E6%88%BF" title="岩浆房">岩浆房</a>中<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmincke2003113–126_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmincke2003113–126-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參阅"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E9.98.85"></span>參阅</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A4%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：參阅"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaccato_vulcano.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Spaccato_vulcano.svg/30px-Spaccato_vulcano.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Spaccato_vulcano.svg/45px-Spaccato_vulcano.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Spaccato_vulcano.svg/60px-Spaccato_vulcano.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Portal:火山">火山主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源：<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcano?uselang=zh">複式火山</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E6%B8%A3%E9%8C%90" title="火山渣錐">火山渣錐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="造山運動">造山運動</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A4%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> 本条目引用的<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.usgs.gov/laws/info_policies.html公有领域材料">[1]</a>。材料来自<a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>的文档：<cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html">Principal Types of Volcanoes</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-01-19</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A4%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&rft.btitle=Principal+Types+of+Volcanoes&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fgip%2Fvolc%2Ftypes.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090626082839/http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/volcanoes/cat/feature_garibaldi_e.php">Garibaldi volcanic belt: Garibaldi Lake volcanic field</a>. Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geological_Survey_of_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geological Survey of Canada（页面不存在）">Geological Survey of Canada</a>. 2009-04-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-06-27</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/volcanoes/cat/feature_garibaldi_e.php">原始内容</a>存档于2009-06-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A4%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&rft.atitle=Garibaldi+volcanic+belt%3A+Garibaldi+Lake+volcanic+field&rft.date=2009-04-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catalogue+of+Canadian+volcanoes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgsc.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fvolcanoes%2Fcat%2Ffeature_garibaldi_e.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich. Volcanism. Berlin: Springer. 2003: 71. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783540436508" title="Special:网络书源/9783540436508"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9783540436508</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A4%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&rft.aufirst=Hans-Ulrich&rft.aulast=Schmincke&rft.btitle=Volcanism&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783540436508&rft.pages=71&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Barlow, Nadine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marsintroduction0000barl">Mars : an introduction to its interior, surface and atmosphere</a>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521852265" title="Special:网络书源/9780521852265"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780521852265</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A4%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&rft.aufirst=Nadine&rft.aulast=Barlow&rft.btitle=Mars+%3A+an+introduction+to+its+interior%2C+surface+and+atmosphere&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780521852265&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarsintroduction0000barl&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mars-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mars_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Stewart, Emily M.; Head, James W. Ancient Martian volcanoes in the Aeolis region: New evidence from MOLA data. Journal of Geophysical Research. 1 August 2001, <b>106</b> (E8): 17505. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JGR...10617505S"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2001JGR...10617505S</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2000JE001322"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1029/2000JE001322</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A4%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&rft.atitle=Ancient+Martian+volcanoes+in+the+Aeolis+region%3A+New+evidence+from+MOLA+data&rft.au=Head%2C+James+W.&rft.aufirst=Emily+M.&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=E8&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.pages=17505&rft.volume=106&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001JGR...10617505S&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2000JE001322&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmincke2003113–126-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmincke2003113–126_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmincke2003113–126_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmincke2003">Schmincke 2003</a>，第113–126頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schmidt, A.; Rüpke, L. H.; Morgan, J. P.; Hort, M. How Large a Feedback Effect Does Slab Dewatering Have on Itself ?. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 2001, <b>2001</b>: T41C–0871. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUFM.T41C0871S"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2001AGUFM.T41C0871S</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A4%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&rft.atitle=How+Large+a+Feedback+Effect+Does+Slab+Dewatering+Have+on+Itself+%3F&rft.au=Hort%2C+M.&rft.au=Morgan%2C+J.+P.&rft.au=R%C3%BCpke%2C+L.+H.&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AGU+Fall+Meeting+Abstracts&rft.pages=T41C-0871&rft.volume=2001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001AGUFM.T41C0871S&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Template:火山"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Template talk:火山"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:火山"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="火山" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山">火山</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">火山种类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="破火山口">破火山口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E6%B8%A3%E9%8C%90" title="火山渣錐">火山渣錐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="混合火山">混合火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%82%E7%BC%9D%E5%96%B7%E5%8F%91%E5%8F%A3" title="裂缝喷发口">裂缝喷发口</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="熔岩锥" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lava cone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%94%E5%B2%A9%E9%94%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熔岩锥（页面不存在）">熔岩锥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_cone" class="extiw" title="en:Lava cone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lava cone</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%A9%B9%E4%B8%98" title="火山穹丘">火山穹丘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%B9%B3%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="低平火山口">低平火山口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="泥火山">泥火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E9%8C%90" class="mw-redirect" title="寄生火山錐">寄生火山錐</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="火山碎屑锥" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pyroclastic cone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%A2%8E%E5%B1%91%E9%94%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火山碎屑锥（页面不存在）">火山碎屑锥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_cone" class="extiw" title="en:Pyroclastic cone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pyroclastic cone</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%A2%8E%E5%B1%91%E7%9B%BE%E7%8B%80%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山碎屑盾狀火山">火山碎屑盾狀火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%BE%E7%8B%80%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="盾狀火山">盾狀火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%BD%AE%E5%B1%B1%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="外轮山火山">外轮山火山</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">複式火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="冰下火山">冰下火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="海底火山">海底火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="超级火山">超级火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E9%8C%90" title="火山錐">火山錐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%A0%B4" title="火山場">火山場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="冰火山">冰火山</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg/90px-Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg/135px-Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg/180px-Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="578" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">火山岩</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%B7%E5%87%BA%E5%B2%A9" title="喷出岩">喷出岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%A1%8A%E5%B2%A9" title="集塊岩">集塊岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%A9" title="安山岩">安山岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="玄武岩">玄武岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%A9" title="玄武安山岩">玄武安山岩</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歪长粗面岩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Benmoreite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%AA%E9%95%B7%E7%B2%97%E9%9D%A2%E5%B2%A9" title="歪長粗面岩">歪长粗面岩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benmoreite" class="extiw" title="en:Benmoreite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Benmoreite</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E6%96%91%E5%B2%A9" title="沸斑岩">沸斑岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%89%E5%B2%A9" title="英安岩">英安岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8F%E7%BB%86%E5%B2%A9" title="霏细岩">霏细岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E5%B2%A9" title="科马提岩">科马提岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%B2%97%E5%B2%A9" title="安粗岩">安粗岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%9E%E7%9F%B3%E5%B2%A9" title="霞石岩">霞石岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%9B%9C%E5%B2%A9" title="黑曜岩">黑曜岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%8D%E5%B2%A9" title="响岩">响岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E7%BA%B9%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%89%E5%B2%A9" title="流纹英安岩">流纹英安岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E7%B4%8B%E5%B2%A9" title="流紋岩">流紋岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%97%E9%9D%A2%E5%B2%A9" title="粗面岩">粗面岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%97%E9%9D%A2%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="粗面安山岩">粗面安山岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%97%E9%9D%A2%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="粗面玄武岩">粗面玄武岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E7%81%B0%E5%B2%A9" title="凝灰岩">凝灰岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E8%89%B2%E5%B2%A9" title="暗色岩">暗色岩</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">火山群列表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="火山列表">火山列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E9%BB%9E_(%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8)" title="熱點 (地質學)">熱點 (地質學)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="十年火山">十年火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%BC%A7" title="火山弧">火山弧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%B6" title="火山帶">火山帶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%A0%B4" title="火山場">火山场</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="一元火山场" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="monogenetic volcanic field"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一元火山场（页面不存在）">一元</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/monogenetic_volcanic_field" class="extiw" title="en:monogenetic volcanic field"><span lang="en" dir="auto">monogenetic volcanic field</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多元火山场" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="polygenetic volcanic field"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多元火山场（页面不存在）">多元</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/polygenetic_volcanic_field" class="extiw" title="en:polygenetic volcanic field"><span lang="en" dir="auto">polygenetic volcanic field</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Category:火山">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Portal:火山">主题</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Volcanoes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Volcanoes">共享资源</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="WikiProject:火山">专题</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a>：各地 <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169358#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4201644-7">德国</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Geology_stub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="小作品圖示" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Geology_stub.svg/30px-Geology_stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Geology_stub.svg/45px-Geology_stub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Geology_stub.svg/60px-Geology_stub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td style="font-size:smaller">这是一篇與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a>术语相關的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%8F%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="Wikipedia:小作品">小作品</a>。您可以通过<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%A4%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&action=edit">编辑或修订</a>扩充其内容。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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