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data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Huvudmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a 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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Qadi" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Qadi" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Qadi" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Qadi" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Uppgifter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uppgifter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Uppgifter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uppgifter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Historia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-De_första_qadierna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_första_qadierna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>De första qadierna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_första_qadierna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Umayyaderna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Umayyaderna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Umayyaderna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Umayyaderna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qadin_under_Osmanska_riket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qadin_under_Osmanska_riket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Qadin under Osmanska riket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qadin_under_Osmanska_riket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_tid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_tid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern tid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_tid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Qadi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 56 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="القاضي في الإسلام – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القاضي في الإسلام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaz%C4%B1" title="Qazı – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qazı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80" title="কাজী – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাজী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Ҡаҙый – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡаҙый" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кадия – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кадия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadija" title="Kadija – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kadija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadi" title="Cadi – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cadi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1d%C3%AD" title="Kádí – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kádí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%81d%C4%AB" title="Qādī – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Qādī" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Καδής – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καδής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Qadi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cad%C3%AD" title="Cadí – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cadí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadio" title="Kadio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kadio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadi" title="Kadi – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kadi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C_(%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%AA)" title="قاضی (شریعت) – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قاضی (شریعت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadi" title="Cadi – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cadi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%94%94" title="카디 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="कादी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कादी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadija" title="Kadija – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kadija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF" title="কাদি – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কাদি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadi" title="Kadi – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%81%E1%B8%8D%C4%AB" title="Qāḍī – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Qāḍī" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99" title="קאדי – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕಾದಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾದಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ყადი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadhi" title="Kadhi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kadhi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaz%C3%AE" title="Qazî – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qazî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Казы – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Казы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadius" title="Cadius – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cadius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadis" title="Kadis – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kadis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Кадија – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кадија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Qadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadi_(rechter)" title="Kadi (rechter) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kadi (rechter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="काडी – newariska" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="काडी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC" title="カーディー – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カーディー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadi" title="Kadi – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kadi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadi" title="Kadi – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kadi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadi" title="Cadi – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cadi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qozi" title="Qozi – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qozi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80" title="ਕਾਜ਼ੀ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਜ਼ੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadi" title="Kadi – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kadi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1di" title="Cádi – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cádi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Кади – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кади" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadiu" title="Kadiu – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kadiu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadi" title="Kadi – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kadi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_(%D9%84%DB%95_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="قازی (لە ئیسلام) – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قازی (لە ئیسلام)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Кадија – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кадија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadija" title="Kadija – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kadija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Казый – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Казый" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="ดะโต๊ะยุติธรรม – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดะโต๊ะยุติธรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D3%A3_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Қозӣ (шариат) – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қозӣ (шариат)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kad%C4%B1" title="Kadı – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kadı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Каді – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C" title="قاضی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قاضی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qadi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%BF%AA_(%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98)" title="卡迪 (法官) – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡迪 (法官)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217029#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Qadi" rel="discussion" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r51224235">.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border-collapse:collapse;background:#fbfbfb;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-merge{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .messagebox{border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f8f9fa;width:80%;margin:0 auto 1em auto;padding:.2em}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.merge{border:1px solid #c0b8cc;background-color:#f0e5ff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.cleanup{border:1px solid #9f9fff;background-color:#efefff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.nested-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;width:100%;margin:2px 4px}</style><table class="metadata ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/50px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/75px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/100px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Den här artikeln har källhänvisningar, men eftersom det saknas <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">fotnoter</a></i> är det svårt att avgöra vilken uppgift som är hämtad var. <b><small>(2009-10)</small></b> <br /><small>Hjälp gärna till med att <b><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qadi&action=edit">redigera artikeln</a></b>, eller diskutera saken på <a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Qadi" title="Diskussion:Qadi">diskussionssidan</a>. </small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Arabischer_Maler_um_1335_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arabischer_Maler_um_1335_002.jpg/250px-Arabischer_Maler_um_1335_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arabischer_Maler_um_1335_002.jpg/375px-Arabischer_Maler_um_1335_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arabischer_Maler_um_1335_002.jpg/500px-Arabischer_Maler_um_1335_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption>Abû Zayd bönfaller <b>qadin</b> i staden <a href="/wiki/Ma%27arrat_an-Nu%27man" title="Ma'arrat an-Nu'man">Ma'arra</a> (<a href="/wiki/1334" title="1334">1334</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kadi</b>, eller <b>qadi</b> (arabiska: قاضي), är benämningen på en juridisk ämbetsman, och dess utövande är en av de äldsta funktionerna inom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamiska_r%C3%A4ttssystemet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamiska rättssystemet [inte skriven än]">islamiska rättssystemet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uppgifter">Uppgifter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Uppgifter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Uppgifter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Då <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharialagen</a> var tvådelad hade qadin ansvar för individuella rättsfall. Under 1700-talet hade qadin makt över alla domare i regionen och deras ansvar låg inom tre områden: </p> <ol><li><i>Takhim</i>- att lösa konflikter</li> <li><i>Qada</i>- utse rätt och fel och</li> <li><i>Hisba</i>- att representera kommunen.</li></ol> <p>Det var dock mest inom den andra kategorin som qadin var mest verksam. En qadi har full kunskap om <a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">ijtihad</a> och är medlem av <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">ulama</a>. I fall där inte den åtalade kan närvara representeras han av en <i>wakil</i>. </p><p>Qadin har inget behov av att känna till lagen så som <a href="/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti">muftin</a> har utan utses av sultanen. En rättegång kan handla om giftermål, skilsmässa, arv och andra tvistemål. För att en rättegång ska kunna äga rum finns några kriterier: båda parter ska vara närvarande och föra sin egen talan. Bekännelse, vittnesmål och eder. Vittnes vandel och kön, till exempel om det är icke muslimer eller kvinnor. Domarens beslut är det slutgiltiga det finns inget högre ämbete att gå till för att få sitt fall omprövat. Muftier fungerade som rådgivare både till domaren och till parterna. En qadi utför inga egna undersökningar utan förlitar sig helt till vittnenas mål. En qadi kan inte vara blind eller döv eftersom han måste lyssna på vittnen och se bevis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_första_qadierna"><span id="De_f.C3.B6rsta_qadierna"></span>De första qadierna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: De första qadierna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: De första qadierna"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den islamiska rätten, <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a>, och den islamiska rättsvetenskapen, <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a>, började utvecklas under det <a href="/wiki/Umayyadiska_kalifatet" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyadiska kalifatet">Umayyadiska kalifatet</a> (661-750). Under den här perioden ersattes <a href="/wiki/Hakam" title="Hakam">hakam</a> småningom av kadi. Till skillnaden från hakam utsågs kadier av guvernörer. Guvernörerna var representanter för kalifen och hade full handlingsfrihet i sina provinser. Kadier var guvernörernas ombud i rättsliga frågor och deras juridiska rådgivare. Guvernörerna förbehöll sig dock såväl rätten att fatta sina egna beslut i rättsliga frågor som rätten att avskeda kadier. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a> ses som den första qadin och var aktiv i <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a> cirka 790. Han fick titeln <i>qadi al – qudat</i> vilket ungefär betyder ”högsta domare” och han makt sträckte sig över alla de andra domarna i länet. I hans uppgifter ingick även att utse andra qadier i området. </p><p>Till en början var qadin mest verksam i större städer, då juridiska mål i små städer togs om hand av <i>hakims</i> så kallade ”freds bevarare”. Men med tiden så försvann detta och qadins ansvarsområde sträckte sig även ut till landsbygden. Jobbet i rätten handlar om att väga bevis, förhöra vittnen och helt enkelt besluta en dom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Umayyaderna">Umayyaderna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Umayyaderna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Umayyaderna"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under det <a href="/wiki/Umayyadiska_kalifatet" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyadiska kalifatet">Umayyadiska kalifatet</a> bevarade man de redan existerade administrativa systemen i de erövrade områdena och anpassade dem till sina ändamål. <a href="/wiki/Kristna" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristna">Kristna</a> och <a href="/wiki/Judar" title="Judar">judar</a> hade sina egna domstolar som blev kvar från det <a href="/wiki/Bysantinska_riket" title="Bysantinska riket">Bysantinska riket</a>. Kadins rättsskipning avsåg således bara muslimer. Kadier grundade sina beslut både 1) på egna uppfattningar och tolkningar av <a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a>, dess föreskrifter och de nya islamiska normerna som växte fram och 2) på lokala sedvänjor i provinser där de var verksamma, de kunde också hänvisa till och fatta beslut på seder från sina trakter. Deras främsta uppgift var att tillämpa och integrera islam i de lokala traditionerna. Islam blev således inkorporerad i lokala seder och bruk och traditioner islamiserades på sådant sätt. Samtidigt påverkade traditionerna kadis beslut. <a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Ijtihad</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ra%27y" title="Ra'y">ra'y</a> var viktiga förhållningssätt i beslutsfattande under det Umayydiska kalifatet. </p><p>Trots att de första kadierna lade grunden till <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a>, blev deras beslut inte vägledande i den vidare utvecklingen av islamiskt rättssystemet. Under Umayyaderna var kadierna fromma personer men de saknade formell utbildning. Detta ändrades under <a href="/wiki/Abbasidkalifatet" title="Abbasidkalifatet">Abbasidkalifatet</a> (750-1258). Då borde man vara kunnig i sharia för att vara kadi. Under <a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashids</a> (Arabiska: هـارون الرشيد) regeringstid (786-809) infördes ett nytt ämbete <i>kadi-l-kudat</i> "högsta domare". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Yusuf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Yusuf [inte skriven än]">Abu Yusuf</a> var den första <i>kadi-l-kudat</i> (Arabiska: قاضي القضات). Hans huvuduppgifter var att råda kalifen och, med kalifens samtycke, utse och avskeda andra kadier i kalifatet. Formellt underordnade kadier sig inte någon person. De skulle endast följa sharia i sitt arbete, men i praktiken var de ändå beroende av den regerande <a href="/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif">kalifen</a> och hans makt för att verkställa sina beslut. Kadier kunde inte åta sig brottmål. Sedan dess har polisen (<i>shurta</i>) (Arabiska: الشرطة) tagit över ansvar för de flesta brottmål. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qadin_under_Osmanska_riket">Qadin under Osmanska riket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Qadin under Osmanska riket" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Qadin under Osmanska riket"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under det <a href="/wiki/Osmanska_riket" title="Osmanska riket">Osmanska riket</a> (ca 1300-1923) rangordnades kadier. <a href="/wiki/Stormufti" title="Stormufti">Stormuftin</a> i <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, som hade titeln <i>Shaykh-al-Islam</i>, var den högste andliga ledaren i kalifatet. En av hans viktigaste uppgifter var att kontrollera kadiernas beslutsfattande. <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">madhhab</a> var den officiella rättsskolan i kalifatet och alla kadier skulle följa en av de officiella åsikterna inom rättsskolan. </p><p>Den största skillnaden under <a href="/wiki/Osmanska_riket" title="Osmanska riket">Osmanska riket</a> var att qadin inte dömde enligt Sharia utan enligt <i><a href="/wiki/Kanun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanun">kanun</a></i> (Osmanska sultanens rättssystem). Under denna tidsperiod kom även de lokala sederna att spela större roll i dömandet. Sharialag och icke Sharialag blev ett enat rättssystem under qadins makt. Sultanen kunde verkställa en order (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emr [inte skriven än]">emr</a></i>) till qadin, ungefär som en <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">fatwa</a>, och han kunde sen välja att följa eller inte följa den. Qadin var oberoende i alla sina beslut även om de gick emot <i>emr</i>. I övrigt fungerade rättssystemet som under tidigare period med båda parter närvarande samt bevis och vittnen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_tid">Modern tid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Modern tid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Modern tid"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nuförtiden anställs kadier av landets styrande makt. I sina beslut måste kadier främja <i>maslaha</i> ”det allmänna bästa”. De kan inte döma mot en frånvarande part om den saknar sitt ombud i rätten. Kadierna får inte heller ta parti för sina närmaste släktingar och döma till deras fördel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Joseph Schacht, <i>An Introduction to Islamic Law</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Esposito" title="John L. Esposito">John L. Esposito</a>, <i>Islam: den raka vägen</i>.</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFVikør">Vikør, Knut S. (på engelska). <i><span><b>Between God and the sultan</b> : a history of Islamic law</span></i>. London: Hurst. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/1-85065-738-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/1-85065-738-6">ISBN 1-85065-738-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27%27%27Between+God+and+the+sultan%27%27%27+%3A+a+history+of+Islamic+law&rft.aulast=Vik%C3%B8r&rft.aufirst=Knut+S.&rft.au=Vik%C3%B8r%2C+Knut+S.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hurst&rft.isbn=1-85065-738-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Qadi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Islamisk_r%C3%A4ttsl%C3%A4ra" title="Mall:Islamisk rättslära"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Islamisk_r%C3%A4ttsl%C3%A4ra&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamisk</a> rättslära (<a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a>)</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;" colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></b> (islamisk lag)</td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttsk%C3%A4llor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rättskällor">Rättskällor</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Usul_al-fiqh" class="mw-redirect" title="Usul al-fiqh">Usul al-fiqh</a>)</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sunna_(islam)" title="Sunna (islam)">Sunna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">Taqlid</a> (imitation)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Ijtihad</a> (tolkning)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ijma" title="Ijma">Ijma</a> (konsensus)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Qiyas" title="Qiyas">Qiyas</a> (analogislut)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urf_(islam)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urf (islam) [inte skriven än]">Urf</a> (lokal praxis)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bid%E2%80%98ah" title="Bid‘ah">Bid‘ah</a> (innovation)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Madrassa" title="Madrassa">Madrassa</a> (skola)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijazah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ijazah [inte skriven än]">Ijazah</a> (auktorisation)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istihlal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istihlal [inte skriven än]">Istihlal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istihsan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istihsan [inte skriven än]">Istihsan</a> (beslutsrätt)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Risalah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Risalah [inte skriven än]">Risalah</a> (dissertation, avhandling)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">Fatwa</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="27"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:ALFiqh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/100px-ALFiqh.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/150px-ALFiqh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/200px-ALFiqh.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Lagskolor (<a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Madhāhib</a>)</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Maliki" title="Maliki">Maliki</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shafi" title="Shafi">Shafi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hanbali" title="Hanbali">Hanbali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari" title="Ja'fari">Ja'fari</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zaiddiyah" title="Zaiddiyah">Zaiddiyah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thahiri" title="Thahiri">Thahiri</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ibadi" title="Ibadi">Ibadi</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Ekonomisk rätt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Jizya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">Khums</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">Waqf</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Islamiskt_bankv%C3%A4sende" title="Islamiskt bankväsende">Bankväsende</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Riba_(Islamisk_r%C3%A4ttsl%C3%A4ra)" title="Riba (Islamisk rättslära)">Riba</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Politisk rätt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kalifat" title="Kalifat">Kalifat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Imamah" title="Imamah">Imamah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vil%C3%A2yet" title="Vilâyet">Vilâyet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Dhimmi</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;"><a href="/wiki/Islam#Äktenskap" title="Islam">Äktenskaps- och familjerätt</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ktenskap_i_islam" title="Äktenskap i islam">Äktenskap i islam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mut%27ah" title="Mut'ah">Mut'ah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Idda" title="Idda">Idda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Talaq" title="Talaq">Talaq</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Khul" title="Khul">Khul</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Li%27an" title="Li'an">Li'an</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nikah_Misyar" title="Nikah Misyar">Nikah Misyar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nafaqa" title="Nafaqa">Nafaqa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Straffrätt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tazir" title="Tazir">Tazir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Hudud</a> (grundstraff)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Qisas" title="Qisas">Qisas</a> (blodshämnd)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a> (otukt)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hirabah [inte skriven än]">Hirabah</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Etikett (<a href="/wiki/Adab" title="Adab">Adab</a>)</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/As-salamu_alaykum" title="As-salamu alaykum">As-salamu alaykum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Insha%27Allah" title="Insha'Allah">Insha'Allah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">Hijab</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Niqab" title="Niqab">Niqab</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Salla_Allahu_%CA%BFalayhi_wa_sallam" title="Salla Allahu ʿalayhi wa sallam">SAW</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Teologisk rätt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sawm" title="Sawm">Sawm</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Pilgrimsfärd</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Umra" title="Umra">Umra</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Hygien</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wudu_(islam)" title="Wudu (islam)">Wudu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ghusl" title="Ghusl">Ghusl</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tayammum" title="Tayammum">Tayammum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <b>Kosthållning:</b> <a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">Halal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">Haram</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Najis" title="Najis">Najis</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Militärrätt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Titlar & funktionärer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">‘Âlim (pl. ‘Ulamā’)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti">Mufti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qadi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Faqih" title="Faqih">Faqih</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mulla" title="Mulla">Mulla</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Schejk" title="Schejk">Schejk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Maulana" title="Maulana">Maulana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Muhtasib_och_Hisba" title="Muhtasib och Hisba">Muhtasib och Hisba</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hakam" title="Hakam">Hakam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vali" title="Vali">Vali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Mujtahid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ayatolla" title="Ayatolla">Ayatolla</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marja%27_al-taqlid" title="Marja' al-taqlid">Marja' al-taqlid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif">Kalif</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">Muqallid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hajji" title="Hajji">Hajji</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Aktuella initiativ</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ammanbudskapet" title="Ammanbudskapet">Ammanbudskapet</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Övrigt</td><td 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