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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cretan_hieroglyphs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cretan hieroglyphs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cretan_hieroglyphs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hieroglyph</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyphen" title="Hieroglyphen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hieroglyphen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هيرغليفية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيرغليفية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerogl%C3%ADficu" title="Xeroglíficu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xeroglíficu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroqlif" title="Heroqlif – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Heroqlif" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="চিত্র লিখন পদ্ধতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিত্র লিখন পদ্ধতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Иероглиф – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иероглиф" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84" title="Іерогліф – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іерогліф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84" title="Герогліф – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Герогліф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyphenschrift" title="Hieroglyphenschrift – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hieroglyphenschrift" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijeroglifi" title="Hijeroglifi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hijeroglifi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerogl%C3%ADfic" title="Jeroglífic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jeroglífic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyf" title="Hieroglyf – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hieroglyf" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyf" title="Hieroglyf – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hieroglyf" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyphen" title="Hieroglyphen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hieroglyphen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierogl%C3%BC%C3%BCf" title="Hieroglüüf – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hieroglüüf" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC" title="Ιερογλυφικά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιερογλυφικά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyph" title="Hieroglyph – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hieroglyph" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerogl%C3%ADfico" title="Jeroglífico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jeroglífico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglifo" title="Hieroglifo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hieroglifo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81" title="هیروگلیف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیروگلیف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyf" title="Hieroglyf – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hieroglyf" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iairiglif" title="Iairiglif – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iairiglif" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xer%C3%B3glifo" title="Xeróglifo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xeróglifo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%98%95%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="상형문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상형문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%86" title="Հիերոգլիֆ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիերոգլիֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijeroglifi" title="Hijeroglifi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hijeroglifi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglifo" title="Hieroglifo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hieroglifo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglif" title="Hieroglif – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hieroglif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A3" title="הירוגליף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הירוגליף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="იეროგლიფები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იეროგლიფები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Иероглиф – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иероглиф" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglifas" title="Hieroglifas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hieroglifas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieroglifos" title="Ieroglifos – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ieroglifos" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglif_%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Hieroglif írás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hieroglif írás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹിറോഗ്ലിഫ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹിറോഗ്ലിഫ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB" title="हायरोग्लिफ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हायरोग्लिफ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglif" title="Hieroglif – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hieroglif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="အရုပ်စာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရုပ်စာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%ABroglief" title="Hiëroglief – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hiëroglief" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%ABroglief" title="Hiëroglief – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Hiëroglief" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="象形文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="象形文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Иероглиф – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Иероглиф" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyf" title="Hieroglyf – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hieroglyf" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%A9thoglyiphe" title="Hiéthoglyiphe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Hiéthoglyiphe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieroglif" title="Ieroglif – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ieroglif" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyerogliflar" title="Iyerogliflar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iyerogliflar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_(%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%82%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9-%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਹਾਇਰੋਗਲਿਫ਼ (ਗੂੜ੍ਹ-ਅੱਖਰ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਇਰੋਗਲਿਫ਼ (ਗੂੜ੍ਹ-ਅੱਖਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF" title="منقوشی ابجد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="منقوشی ابجد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_hieroglificzne" title="Pismo hieroglificzne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pismo hieroglificzne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hier%C3%B3glifo" title="Hieróglifo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hieróglifo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Гиероглиф – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гиероглиф" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Иероглиф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иероглиф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglifet" title="Hieroglifet – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hieroglifet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyfick%C3%A9_p%C3%ADsmo" title="Hieroglyfické písmo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hieroglyfické písmo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Хијероглиф – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хијероглиф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieroglyfer" title="Hieroglyfer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hieroglyfer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroglipiko" title="Hiroglipiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hiroglipiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li 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data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF" title="منقوشی ابجد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="منقوشی ابجد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_h%C3%ACnh_ch%E1%BA%A1m_kh%E1%BA%AFc" title="Chữ tượng hình chạm khắc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ tượng hình chạm khắc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_hieroglyphs&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MentuhotepII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/MentuhotepII.jpg/220px-MentuhotepII.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/MentuhotepII.jpg/330px-MentuhotepII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/MentuhotepII.jpg/440px-MentuhotepII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3576" data-file-height="1353" /></a><figcaption>Egyptian Hieroglyphs</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122542">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_alphabet" title="History of the alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><hr /> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></i> 32nd <abbr title="century">c.</abbr> <abbr title="before the common era">BCE</abbr> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieratic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hieratic (not yet started)">Hieratic</a></i> 32nd c. BCE <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demotic_(Egyptian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demotic (Egyptian) (not yet started)">Demotic</a></i> 7th c. BCE <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></i> 3rd c. BCE</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></i> 19th c. BCE <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugaritic_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugaritic alphabet (not yet started)">Ugaritic</a></i> 15th c. BCE</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_South_Arabian_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient South Arabian script (not yet started)">Epigraphic South Arabian</a></i> 9th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a> 5–6th c. BCE</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a></i> 12th c. BCE <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet (not yet started)">Paleo-Hebrew</a></i> 10th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samaritan script (not yet started)">Samaritan</a> 6th c. BCE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharosthi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kharosthi (not yet started)">Kharosthi</a></i> 3rd c. BCE</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmi_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmi script (not yet started)">Brahmi</a></i> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic family</a> <i>(see)</i> <ul><li>E.g. <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> 7th c. CE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> 10th c. CE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> 1840</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Neo-Aramaic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Neo-Aramaic (not yet started)">Square Aramaic Alphabet</a> 2007</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahlavi_scripts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pahlavi scripts (not yet started)">Pahlavi</a></i> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avestan alphabet (not yet started)">Avestan</a></i> 4th c. CE</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmyrene_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmyrene alphabet (not yet started)">Palmyrene</a></i> 2nd c. BCE</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabataean_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabataean script (not yet started)">Nabataean</a></i> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a> 4th c. CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N'Ko script (not yet started)">N'Ko</a> 1949 CE</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sogdian_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sogdian alphabet (not yet started)">Sogdian</a></i> 2nd c. BCE <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Turkic_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Turkic script (not yet started)">Orkhon</a> (old Turkic)</i> 6th c. CE <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Hungarian_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Hungarian script (not yet started)">Old Hungarian</a></i> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 650 CE</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> 1204 CE</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaic_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandaic alphabet (not yet started)">Mandaic</a> 2nd c. CE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Italic_scripts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Italic scripts (not yet started)">Etruscan</a></i> 8th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> 7th c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a> (syllabary; letter forms only) <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1820 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vai_syllabary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vai syllabary (not yet started)">Vai</a> (syllabary) <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1832 CE</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></i> 1854 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osage_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osage script (not yet started)">Osage</a> 2006 CE</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Runes" title="Runes">Runic</a></i> 2nd c. CE</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogham (not yet started)">Ogham</a></i> (origin uncertain) 4th c. CE</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coptic alphabet (not yet started)">Coptic</a></i> 3rd c. CE</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothic_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gothic alphabet (not yet started)">Gothic</a></i> 3rd c. CE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a> 405 CE</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caucasian_Albanian_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caucasian Albanian script (not yet started)">Caucasian Albanian</a></i> (origin uncertain) <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 420 CE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> (origin uncertain) <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 430 CE</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glagolitic_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glagolitic script (not yet started)">Glagolitic</a></i> 862 CE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 940 CE <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Permic_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Permic script (not yet started)">Old Permic</a></i> 1372 CE</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleohispanic_scripts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleohispanic scripts (not yet started)">Paleohispanic</a></i> (semi-syllabic) 7th c. BCE</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Libyco-Berber</a></i> 3rd c. BCE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adlam_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adlam script (not yet started)">Adlam</a> (slight influence from Arabic) 1989 CE </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> 1443 CE </p> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thaana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thaana (not yet started)">Thaana</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 18 CE (derived from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Arabic_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Arabic numerals (not yet started)">Eastern Arabic numerals</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmi_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmi numerals (not yet started)">Brahmi numerals</a>)</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alphabet" title="Template:Alphabet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Alphabet (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Alphabet&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hieroglyphs</b>, or <b>hieroglyphics</b>, are a type of <a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">writing</a> that uses <a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">ideogram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbols</a> or <a href="/wiki/Picture" title="Picture">pictures</a> to stand for <a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">sounds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Word" title="Word">words</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luwians" title="Luwians">Luwians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya civilization">Mayan</a> cultures are among those who used hieroglyphs. They have also been found in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. </p><p>They are thought to have started when pictures were used to tell stories on pots and other artwork. Over time, the pictures became letters. </p><p>The word <i>hieroglyph</i> comes from the Greek words ἱερός (hierós 'sacred') and γλύφειν (glúphein 'to carve' or 'to write'), and it was first used to mean Egyptian hieroglyphs. The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greeks</a> who came to Egypt saw the picture letters, which were often found carved on <a href="/wiki/House" title="House">house</a> walls, <a href="/wiki/Tomb" title="Tomb">tombs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monument" title="Monument">monuments</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_Egypt">Ancient Egypt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Ancient Egypt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ancient Egypt"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Ancient Egyptians used pictures to make a <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonetic alphabet">phonetic alphabet</a> as in a <a href="/wiki/Rebus" title="Rebus">rebus</a>, so that each sound could be written with a picture-word, a <i>phonogram</i> or <i>pictograph</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-eah_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eah-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, a zig-zag for <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> </p><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><p> came to mean the letter "n", because the Egyptian word for water started with n. This same picture became our letter 'M' in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>, because the Semitic word for water started with m, and Semitic workers changed the symbols to fit sounds in their own language. In the same way, our Latin letter 'N' came from the hieroglyph for <a href="/wiki/Snake" title="Snake">snake</a> </p><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_I10.png?9f0b0" height="38" title="I10 [D]" alt="D" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><p> as the word for "snake" started with n in Semitic. In Egyptian, this picture had stood for a sound like English "J" because of their word for snake. Some pictures came to represent ideas, and these are known as <i>ideograms</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-eah_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eah-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Egyptians used between 700 or 800 pictures, or glyphs. They were written from right to left and from top to bottom. They did not use punctuation.<sup id="cite_ref-eah_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eah-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">Archaeologists</a> believe that the Egyptians began using hieroglyphs about 3300 or 3200 BCE. They were in use for more than 3500 years. Only the <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priests</a> and government officials wrote in hieroglyphs. They were hard to learn and took a long time to write. People stopped using hieroglyphs when <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> took hold in Egypt. Writing in hieroglyphs became more rare: the last known inscription was made in 394 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-eah_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eah-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hieroglyphs, like <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> characters, started out as ideographic characters, or writing made of pictures. The ancient writing has no <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a>, and all sounds in the writing are <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonants</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breaking_the_code">Breaking the code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Breaking the code" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Breaking the code"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the end of the Egyptian civilization in 30 BCE, people no longer knew how to read the hieroglyphs. When the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> took over Egypt in 1798, French soldiers found a large stone.<sup id="cite_ref-rosetta_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosetta-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is now called the <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a>. The Rosetta Stone had writing in three different languages: hieroglyphs, Ancient Greek and demotic (a simplified form of hieroglyphs).<sup id="cite_ref-rosetta_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosetta-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Champollion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean François Champollion (not yet started)">Jean François Champollion</a> guessed that the writing on the stone was the same in three different languages. By using the Ancient Greek, he was able to work out the name of the ruler, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ptolemy V (not yet started)">Ptolemy V</a>, in hieroglyphs.<sup id="cite_ref-eah_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eah-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After many years of study, he was then able to work out how to read the other words. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cretan_hieroglyphs">Cretan hieroglyphs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Cretan hieroglyphs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Cretan hieroglyphs"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crete_-_Phaistos_disk_-_side_A.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Crete_-_Phaistos_disk_-_side_A.JPG/220px-Crete_-_Phaistos_disk_-_side_A.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Crete_-_Phaistos_disk_-_side_A.JPG/330px-Crete_-_Phaistos_disk_-_side_A.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Crete_-_Phaistos_disk_-_side_A.JPG/440px-Crete_-_Phaistos_disk_-_side_A.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2615" data-file-height="2457" /></a><figcaption>the <a href="/wiki/Phaistos_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaistos disk">Phaistos disk</a> showing Cretan hieroglyphs</figcaption></figure> <p>A type of hieroglyphs was also used on <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> and the surrounding islands in the 2nd millennium BCE. This writing system developed into a script called <a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a>. For some time, both writing systems were used. Of the 137 symbols are known, several resemble <a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">pictograms</a>. 96 of the 137 known hieroglyphs occur in "words" and 32 seem to be <a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">logograms</a>. </p><p>There are four <a href="/wiki/Numeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Numeral">numerals</a> that represent 1, 10, 100 and 1000, respectively, and a symbol that looks like a small cross: it probably shows the beginning of the text. Because there are relatively few symbols, the writing is probably <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">syllabic</a>, much like Linear A. Most of the known texts are short: occur on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigil (not yet started)">sigils</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> shards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientscripts.com/egyptian.html">"Ancient Scripts: Egyptian"</a>. <i>ancientscripts.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ancientscripts.com&rft.atitle=Ancient+Scripts%3A+Egyptian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientscripts.com%2Fegyptian.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHieroglyph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eah-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eah_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eah_2-1">2.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eah_2-2">2.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eah_2-3">2.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eah_2-4">2.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100129091346/http://history-world.org/hieroglyphics.htm">"Egypt Ancient, Hieroglyphics"</a>. <i>history-world.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history-world.org/hieroglyphics.htm">the original</a> on 29 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history-world.org&rft.atitle=Egypt+Ancient%2C+Hieroglyphics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory-world.org%2Fhieroglyphics.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHieroglyph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rosetta-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rosetta_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rosetta_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/writing/rosetta.html">"Story"</a>. <i>ancientegypt.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ancientegypt.co.uk&rft.atitle=Story&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientegypt.co.uk%2Fwriting%2Frosetta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHieroglyph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&oldid=9445940">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hieroglyph&oldid=9445940</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writing_systems" title="Category:Writing systems">Writing systems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:4th_millennium_BC_in_Egypt" title="Category:4th millennium BC in Egypt">4th millennium BC in Egypt</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_WikiHiero_extension" title="Category:Pages using the WikiHiero extension">Pages using the WikiHiero extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 29 March 2024, at 04:29.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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