IEEE - IEEE Publishing: Connecting Brilliant Minds

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.ieee.org:80/web/publications/home/index.html","20100316164330","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1268757810"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title> IEEE - IEEE Publishing: Connecting Brilliant Minds</title><meta name="keywords" content=" IEEE Publishing, Publish, Author, Editor, Books, Journals, Articles, Conference, Papers, Magazines, Manuscript "><meta name="description" content=" 聽IEEE Publishing "><meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-US"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>   <script language="JavaScript" src="/web/20100316164330js_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/js/addevent.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script language="JavaScript" src="/web/20100316164330js_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/js/cookies.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script language="JavaScript" src="/web/20100316164330js_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/js/custom.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <link href="/web/20100316164330cs_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/css/ieeestyles_1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" title="size_1"/> <link href="/web/20100316164330cs_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/css/ieeestyles_2.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" type="text/css" title="size_2"/> <link href="/web/20100316164330cs_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/css/ieeestyles_3.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" type="text/css" title="size_3"/>  <script language="JavaScript" src="/web/20100316164330js_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/js/styleswitcher.js" type="text/javascript"></script>  <script language="JavaScript" src="/web/20100316164330js_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/js/ieeestyles.js" type="text/javascript"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20100316164330js_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/js/milonic_src.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> if(ns4)_d.write("<scr"+"ipt type=text/javascript src=/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/js/mmenuns4.js><\/scr"+"ipt>"); else _d.write("<scr"+"ipt type=text/javascript src=/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/js/mmenudom.js><\/scr"+"ipt>"); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20100316164330js_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/js/menu_data.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20100316164330js_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/js/popup.js"></script>  </head> <body leftmargin="0" rightmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">  <table width="882" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td colspan="3"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/ieee_topbar.gif" alt="" width="882" height="53"/></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="13" background="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/ieee_leftbrdr.gif"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="13" height="1" alt=""/></td> <td width="856"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="100%" background="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/ieee_header_bg.gif">  <script language="JavaScript" src="/web/20100316164330js_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/js/iportals_dcs_tag.js"></script> <noscript><img border="0" name="DCSIMG" width="1" alt="" height="1" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330im_/http://scout.ieee.org/dcs4b71nuo0lhbjb1tbttaym0_5x2m/njs.gif?dcsuri=/portal/site/iportals/template.PAGE/menuitem.c56970f01727f11da07857105bac26c8/&WT.js=No"></noscript>   <a id="top" name="top"></a> <div id="iportal-header"> <div id="iportal-header-top"> <div id="iportal-header-logo"> <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/portal/site/iportals?WT.mc_id=hplogo_upleft" class="toputility"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/ieee_logo_125.gif" alt="IEEE" width="125" height="74" border="0"/></a> </div> <div id="iportal-header-tools"> <div id="iportal-header-topnav"> <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/portal/site/iportals?WT.mc_id=tu_hp" title="IEEE Home">Home</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/https://sbwsweb.ieee.org/ecustomercme_enu/start.swe?SWECmd=GotoView&SWEView=Catalog+View+(eSales)_Main_JournalMags_IEEE&src=0&mem_type=Customer&Join=n&HideNew=N&?WT.mc_id=tu_shop" onclick="trackEvent('tu_shop_oc')" title="IEEE online product catalog">Shop</a> | <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/membership/join/join.html?WT.mc_id=tu_join" title="Student and professional membership applications">Join</a> | <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/membership/myieee.html?WT.mc_id=tu_myieee" title="Member login for premium content & benefits">myIEEE</a> | <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/help/contact/index.html?WT.mc_id=tu_contactus" title="IEEE contact information">Contact</a> | <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/services/general/sitemap.html?WT.mc_id=tu_smap" title="IEEE.org sitemap">Sitemap</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/" onclick="trackEvent('tu_xpl_oc')" title="IEEE Xplore庐 digital library">IEEE <em>Xplore</em></a> </div> <div id="iportal-header-intro"> The world's leading professional association<br> for the advancement of technology </div> <div id="iportal-header-search"> <form name="siteSearch" id="cse-search-box" action="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/web/search/results.html?WT.mc_id=hpsrch_google " onsubmit="return siteCheck(event);">  <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="006539740418318249752:f2h38l7gvis"/> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:11"/> <input name="q" type="hidden" value="">  <input name="qp" type="hidden" value=""> <input name="ie" type="hidden" value="UTF-8"> <input name="oe" type="hidden" value="UTF-8"> <div> <input maxlength="2047" name="qt" type="textfield" onkeydown="trackEnterKey(event)" size="20"> <input name="sa" onmousedown="trackEvent('hpsrch_google_oc')" type="image" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/ieee_search_btn.gif" alt="Search IEEE" border="0" width="71" height="23" align="absmiddle"/> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="iportal-header-main-nav" align="center"> <script type="text/javascript">  </script> <script language="JavaScript1.2" type="text/javascript" src="/web/20100316164330js_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/js/preloadmenuimages.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript1.2" type="text/javascript" src="/web/20100316164330js_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/js/openmenusbyurl.js"></script>  <noscript> <div align="center"><a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/home/index.html"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_about_off.gif" alt="About Us" name="about" width="70" height="29" border="0" id="about"/></a><a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/membership/home/index.html"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_membership_off.gif" alt="Membership" name="mem" width="87" height="29" border="0" id="mem"/></a><a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/home/index.html"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_publications_off.gif" alt="Publications" name="public" width="88" height="29" border="0" id="public"/></a><a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/conferences/home/index.html"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_conferences_off.gif" alt="Conferences" name="conf" width="87" height="29" border="0" id="conf"/></a><a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/standards/home/index.html"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_standards_off.gif" alt="Standards" name="stand" width="75" height="29" border="0" id="stand"/></a><a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/careers/home/index.html"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_careers_off.gif" alt="Careers" name="career" width="58" height="29" border="0" id="career"/></a><a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/education/home/index.html"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_education_off.gif" alt="Education" name="edu" width="73" height="29" border="0" id="edu"/></a><a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/volunteers/home/index.html"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_volunteers_off.gif" alt="Volunteers" name="vol" width="79" height="29" border="0" id="vol"/></a><a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/societies/home/index.html"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_societies_off.gif" alt="Societies" name="societies" width="67" height="29" border="0" id="societies"/></a><a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/geo_activities/home/index.html"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_geographic_off.gif" alt="Geographic Activities" name="geo" width="146" height="29" border="0" id="geo"/></a></div> </noscript> </div> <div id="iportal-header-text-sizer"> <div class="whitetext">Text size <span class="textarrow"> »</span><a href="javascript:setActiveStyleSheet('size_1');" onclick="trackEvent('hptxtsize_1_oc')" class="whitetext" alt="View with standard text size">A</a> <span class="textsizeMed"> <a href="javascript:setActiveStyleSheet('size_2');" onclick="trackEvent('hptxtsize_2_oc')" class="textsizeMed" alt="View with large text size">A</a></span>  <a href="javascript:setActiveStyleSheet('size_3');" onclick="trackEvent('hptxtsize_3_oc')" class="textsizeLrg" alt="View with largest text size">A</a>  </div> </div> </div>   </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <epi-html:portalhttproot/> <table border="0" cellspacing="10" cellpadding="0" height="240"> <tr> <td width="180" valign="top" align="left"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td> <a name="navigation"></a><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="leftnav" width="195"> <tr> <td height="20" class="leftnav_title_row"> <div class="leftnav_title">IEEE Publications Menu</div> </td> </tr> <tr class="leftnav_primary"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="12" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_primary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" alt=""></div> </td><td width="184" class="leftnav_row_primary"> <div class="leftnav_primary_item"> <a class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/home/index.html" target="_self">Publications Home</a> </div> </td><td valign="top" align="right" width="1" class="leftnav_row_arrow"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr class="leftnav_primary"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="12" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_primary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" alt=""></div> </td><td width="184" class="leftnav_row_primary"> <div class="leftnav_primary_item"> <a class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/pubnews/index.html" target="_self">Publications News</a> </div> </td><td valign="top" align="right" width="1" class="leftnav_row_arrow"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr class="leftnav_primary"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="12" class="leftnav_bullet"><a class="expandcollapse"><img id="subMenu4Img" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_expand.gif" width="11" height="10" alt="Expand Menu" title="Expand Menu" onclick="toggle('subMenu4Img','subMenu4');"></a></td><td width="184" class="leftnav_row_primary"> <div class="leftnav_primary_item">Publication Types</div> </td><td valign="top" align="right" width="1" class="leftnav_row_arrow"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr id="subMenu4"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="leftnav_secondary" width="100%"> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu4_link_1" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/subscriptions/index.html" target="_self">Digital Subscriptions</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu4_link_2" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/journmag/index.html" target="_self">Journals & Magazines</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu4_link_3" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/confproc/index.html" target="_self">Conference Publications</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu4_link_4" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/standards/index.html" target="_self">Standards</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu4_link_5" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/books/index.html" target="_self">Books</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu4_link_6" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/newsletters/index.html" target="_self">Newsletters</a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr class="leftnav_primary"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="12" class="leftnav_bullet"><a class="expandcollapse"><img id="subMenu5Img" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_expand.gif" width="11" height="10" alt="Expand Menu" title="Expand Menu" onclick="toggle('subMenu5Img','subMenu5');"></a></td><td width="184" class="leftnav_row_primary"> <div class="leftnav_primary_item">Publishing Tools & Services</div> </td><td valign="top" align="right" width="1" class="leftnav_row_arrow"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr id="subMenu5"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="leftnav_secondary" width="100%"> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu5_link_1" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/pubservices/index.html" target="_self">All Tools & Services</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu5_link_2" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/submitmanuscript/index.html" target="_self">Submit a Manuscript</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu5_link_3" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/pubtoolsandpolicyinfo/index.html" target="_self">Policy Guide for Authors & Editors</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu5_link_4" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/index.html" target="_self">Other Author Tools</a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr class="leftnav_primary"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="12" class="leftnav_bullet"><a class="expandcollapse"><img id="subMenu6Img" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_expand.gif" width="11" height="10" alt="Expand Menu" title="Expand Menu" onclick="toggle('subMenu6Img','subMenu6');"></a></td><td width="184" class="leftnav_row_primary"> <div class="leftnav_primary_item">Reprints, Rights & Permissions</div> </td><td valign="top" align="right" width="1" class="leftnav_row_arrow"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr id="subMenu6"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="leftnav_secondary" width="100%"> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu6_link_1" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/reprints/index.html" target="_self">Reprints</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu6_link_2" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/rights/index.html" target="_self">Rights & Permissions</a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr class="leftnav_primary"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="12" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_primary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" alt=""></div> </td><td width="184" class="leftnav_row_primary"> <div class="leftnav_primary_item"> <a class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/advertise/index.html" target="_self">Advertising in IEEE Publications</a> </div> </td><td valign="top" align="right" width="1" class="leftnav_row_arrow"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr class="leftnav_primary"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="12" class="leftnav_bullet"><a class="expandcollapse"><img id="subMenu8Img" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_expand.gif" width="11" height="10" alt="Expand Menu" title="Expand Menu" onclick="toggle('subMenu8Img','subMenu8');"></a></td><td width="184" class="leftnav_row_primary"> <div class="leftnav_primary_item">Publications Board </div> </td><td valign="top" align="right" width="1" class="leftnav_row_arrow"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr id="subMenu8"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="leftnav_secondary" width="100%"> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu8_link_1" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/PSPB/index.html" target="_self">PSPB</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu8_link_2" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/PSPB/index_SPC.html" target="_self">PSPB SPC</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu8_link_3" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/PSPB/index_OpCom.html" target="_self">PSPB OpCom/FinCom</a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr class="leftnav_primary"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="12" class="leftnav_bullet"><a class="expandcollapse"><img id="subMenu9Img" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_expand.gif" width="11" height="10" alt="Expand Menu" title="Expand Menu" onclick="toggle('subMenu9Img','subMenu9');"></a></td><td width="184" class="leftnav_row_primary"> <div class="leftnav_primary_item">Author Resources</div> </td><td valign="top" align="right" width="1" class="leftnav_row_arrow"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr id="subMenu9"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="leftnav_secondary" width="100%"> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu9_link_1" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/publish/index.html" target="_self">Author Information</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu9_link_2" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/publish/benefits.html" target="_self">Editorial Benefits</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu9_link_3" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/publish/paper.html" target="_self">Publish a Paper </a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu9_link_4" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/publish/book.html" target="_self">Publish a Book</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr height="20"> <td width="20" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></div> </td><td class="leftnav_row"> <div class="leftnav_secondary_item"> <a id="subMenu9_link_5" class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/publish/confprosubmit.html" target="_self">Conference Proceedings</a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr class="leftnav_primary"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="12" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_primary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" alt=""></div> </td><td width="184" class="leftnav_row_primary"> <div class="leftnav_primary_item"> <a class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/contact/index.html" target="_self">Contact IEEE Publishing</a> </div> </td><td valign="top" align="right" width="1" class="leftnav_row_arrow"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr class="leftnav_primary"> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="12" class="leftnav_bullet"> <div class="leftnav_primary_bullet"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" alt=""></div> </td><td width="184" class="leftnav_row_primary"> <div class="leftnav_primary_item"> <a class="snav" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/faqs/index.html" target="_self">FAQ</a> </div> </td><td valign="top" align="right" width="1" class="leftnav_row_arrow"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="20" alt=""></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><script type="text/javascript"> var leftNavSubmenus = new Array('subMenu4','subMenu5','subMenu6','subMenu8','subMenu9'); var subMenuOpen = false; for (var i=0; i < leftNavSubmenus.length; i++) { var linkURLMatch = false; if (subMenuOpen == false) { // keep subMenu open if subMenu primary link is equal to current page URL var secondaryLink = document.getElementById(leftNavSubmenus[i] + '_link'); if (secondaryLink != null && location.href == secondaryLink.href) { linkURLMatch = true; subMenuOpen = true; } secondaryLink = null; // keep subMenu open if subMenu secondary link is equal to current page URL for (var secondaryLinkCount = 1; linkURLMatch == false && (secondaryLink = document.getElementById(leftNavSubmenus[i] + '_link_' + secondaryLinkCount)) != null; secondaryLinkCount++) { if (location.href == secondaryLink.href) { linkURLMatch = true; subMenuOpen = true; break; } } } if (!linkURLMatch) { var image = leftNavSubmenus[i]+"Img"; document.getElementById(leftNavSubmenus[i]).style.display="none"; // collapse menu document.getElementById(image).src = "/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_expand.gif"; document.getElementById(image).alt="Expand Menu"; document.getElementById(image).title="Expand Menu"; }else { document.getElementById(leftNavSubmenus[i]).style.display=""; // collapse menu var image = leftNavSubmenus[i]+"Img"; document.getElementById(image).src = "/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_collapse.gif"; document.getElementById(image).alt="Collapse Menu"; document.getElementById(image).title="Collapse Menu"; } } // this function toggles the status of a list function toggle(image,menu){ var menuElementStyle=document.getElementById(menu).style; if (menuElementStyle.display=="none"){ menuElementStyle.display=""; document.getElementById(image).src="/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_collapse.gif"; document.getElementById(image).alt="Collapse Menu"; document.getElementById(image).title="Collapse Menu"; } else { menuElementStyle.display="none"; document.getElementById(image).src="/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/nav_expand.gif"; document.getElementById(image).alt="Expand Menu"; document.getElementById(image).title="Expand Menu"; } } </script><br><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="195"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#006699" rowspan="3"><img height="1" width="1" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td><td bgcolor="#006699"><img height="1" width="140" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td><td bgcolor="#006699" rowspan="3"><img height="1" width="1" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#CFE2FF"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="0" width="195"> <tr> <td class="modulehedleftcol">聽IEEE Xplore Digital Library</td> </tr> </table> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#CFE2FF"> <div align="center"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/1px_006699.gif" alt="" width="1" height="100%" hspace="0" vspace="0"></div> </td><td bgcolor="#CFE2FF" class="bodyCopyBlackLarge"> <div class="bodyCopyBlack"> <table width="187" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"> <tr> <td width="2">聽</td><td width="161"> <br> <b>Browse Publications</b> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="2">聽</td><td width="161"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/periodicals.jsp" target="_blank">Journals & Magazines</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="2">聽</td><td width="161"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conferences.jsp" target="_blank">Conference Proceedings</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="2">聽</td><td width="161"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp" target="_blank">Standards</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="2">聽</td><td width="161"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/bkBrowse.jsp" target="_blank">Books</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="2">聽</td><td width="161"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/modulebrowse.jsp" target="_blank">Educational Courses</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="2">聽</td><td width="161"> <br> <b>Learn More</b> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="2">聽</td><td width="161"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/Help_start.html">About IEEE Xplore</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="2">聽</td><td width="161"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/Help_Purchasing_Articles_and_Papers.html">How to Purchase Articles</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="2">聽</td><td width="161"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/Help_Purchasing_Standards.htm">How to Purchase Standards</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="2">聽</td><td width="161"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/librarysupport/index.html">Customer Support & Training</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="2">聽</td><td width="161"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/subscriptions/index.html">Digital Subscriptions</a> <br> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#006699"><img height="1" width="1" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td> </tr> </table><br><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="195"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" rowspan="3"><img height="1" width="1" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td><td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><img height="1" width="140" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td><td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" rowspan="3"><img height="1" width="1" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <div align="center"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/1px_006699.gif" alt="" width="1" height="100%" hspace="0" vspace="0"></div> </td><td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="bodyCopyBlackLarge"> <b>IEEE Flagship Publications</b> <p align="center"> <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/procieee/index.html"> <img alt="Proceedings" border="0" height="24" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/publications/proclogo.gif" width="180"> </a> <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/" target="_blank"> <img alt="spectrum online" border="0" height="61" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/publications/spectrumlogo.gif" width="180"> </a> <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.theinstitute.ieee.org/" target="_blank"> <img alt="The Institute" border="0" height="42" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/publications/instlogo.gif" width="145"> </a> </p> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><img height="1" width="1" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td> </tr> </table> <br/> </td> </tr> </table> </td>   <td width="490" valign="top" align="left"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td> <div id="breadcrumbs"> <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/portal/site/iportals">IEEE Home</a> <span class="snav"><span class="sectionHeaders">»</span></span>  <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/home/index.html" class="headNavBlue">IEEE Publications</a> </div><a name="content"></a> <br/> <div xmlns:xalan="http://xml.apache.org/xalan" id="mainContent"> <table width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <td width="80%" align="left"> <h1>IEEE Publishing: Connecting Brilliant Minds</h1> </td><td valign="top" align="right"><a target="_print" class="popuphead" onclick="openPopUpCustom('/portal/site/iportals/template.pageController/index.html?pageID=iportal_print_only&file=iportals/publications/home/index.xml&xsl=gcprint.xsl',500,500); return false;" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/portal/site/iportals/template.pageController/index.html?pageID=iportal_print_only&file=iportals/publications/home/index.xml&xsl=gcprint.xsl"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/images/print_icon2.gif" alt="Printable Format" border="0"></a> <br> <a target="_print" class="popuphead" onclick="openPopUpCustom('/portal/site/iportals/template.pageController/index.html?pageID=iportal_print_only&file=iportals/publications/home/index.xml&xsl=gcprint.xsl',500,500); return false;" href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/portal/site/iportals/template.pageController/index.html?pageID=iportal_print_only&file=iportals/publications/home/index.xml&xsl=gcprint.xsl">Printer Friendly </a></td> </tr> </table> <div id="introContent"> <table height="135"> <tr> <td height="135" width="120px"> <img alt="IEEE Publications" height="97" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/publications/images/08-PUBS-0195_pubs_graphic.gif" width="100"> </td> <td height="135"> <p style=" line-height: 12.0pt;"> IEEE Publishing makes the exchange of technical knowledge possible, with integrity, accuracy, the highest quality and the greatest impact. </p> <p style=" line-height: 12.0pt;"> <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/rights/PublishingPrinciples.html"> Learn more about IEEE Principles of Scholarly Publishing</a> </p> </td> </tr> </table> <br> On this page: <br> <div id="moduleWrapper"> <ul> <li> <a href="#innovation">Innovation Evolution</a> </li> <li> <a href="#author">Author advantages</a> </li> <li> <a href="#content">Exceptional Content and Value</a> </li> <li> <a href="#editor">Editorial Advantages</a> </li> <li> <a href="#reader">Reader Advantages</a> </li> <li> <a href="#spectrum">New from IEEE Spectrum </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="introtext"> <img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/1px_868686.gif" alt="" width="100%" height="1" hspace="0" vspace="0"></div> </div> <br> <div id="moduleWrapper" style="position:relative; top: -10px;"> <a id="innovation" name="innovation"> <br> <h2>Innovation Evolution</h2> </a> <div class="moduleWrapperNoScroll"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="100%"><span class="moduleText"> <p> Over 140 periodicals and 800 conferences let you choose the best forum for your work. Access the information you need—journal and magazine articles, conference proceedings, standards, books and educational courses—quickly and easily through the IEEE <i>Xplore<sup>®</sup> </i> digital library. </p> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/pubnews/vol1issue2/index.html">Read about IEEE Publishing News</a> </p> </span></td> </tr> </table> <a href="#">top of page</a> <br> <br> </div> <a id="author" name="author"> <br> <h2>Author advantages</h2> </a> <div class="moduleWrapperNoScroll"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="100%"><span class="moduleText"> <p> From manuscript preparation to publication, IEEE Publishing assists you every step of the way. As an IEEE journal or conference author, you have access to resources that make the submission process convenient and easy. </p> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/authors">Learn more about Author Tools</a> </p> </span></td> </tr> </table> <a href="#">top of page</a> <br> <br> </div> <a id="content" name="content"> <br> <h2>Exceptional Content and Value</h2> </a> <div class="moduleWrapperNoScroll"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="100%"><span class="moduleText"> <p> IEEE is by far the most-cited publisher in new patents, according to recent studies by 1790 Analytics LLC. IEEE journals and conference proceedings received more than 96,000 patent citations—more than 4 times the number of citations of any other publisher. </p> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/journmag/journalcitations.html"> Learn more about the value of IEEE journals</a> </p> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/patentcitation/index.html">Learn more about the most-cited publisher in new patents</a> </p> </span></td> </tr> </table> <a href="#">top of page</a> <br> <br> </div> <a id="editor" name="editor"> <br> <h2>Editorial Advantages</h2> </a> <div class="moduleWrapperNoScroll"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="100%"><span class="moduleText"> <p> IEEE Publishing connects brilliant minds like yours with other leading voices in technology specialties. Peer review, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/Help_search_crossref.html">CrossRef</a> and other tools help manage your workflow and make it easy to collaborate, reference and deliver your research to readers and researchers. </p> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/pubservices/index.html">Learn more about IEEE Publishing Services</a> </p> </span></td> </tr> </table> <a href="#">top of page</a> <br> <br> </div> <a id="reader" name="reader"> <br> <h2>Reader Advantages</h2> </a> <div class="moduleWrapperNoScroll"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="100%"><span class="moduleText"> <p> Readers know that IEEE published content is high-quality, innovative and relevant to their own research. Accessing it through the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/">IEEE <i>Xplore</i> digital library</a> means they can get to what they want easily using robust searches, content alerts and a variety of tools that make it easy for them to connect to others in their field. </p> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/subscriptions/index.html">Learn about IEEE digital subscriptions</a> </p> <p> <img alt=" " height="10" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/publications/subscriptions/info/spacer.gif" width="1"> </p> </span></td> </tr> </table> <a href="#">top of page</a> <br> <br> </div> <a id="spectrum" name="spectrum"> <br> <h2>New from IEEE Spectrum </h2> </a> <div class="moduleWrapperNoScroll"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="100%"><span class="moduleText"></span></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div><div id="toc-padding"></div> <br/> <div xmlns:xalan="http://xml.apache.org/xalan" style="position:relative; top: -320px; padding-bottom: 0px;" id="moduleWrapper"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="54%" valign="top"> <table class="moduleText"> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span class="sectionheaders">» </span><span class="headnavblue"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/IeeeSpectrum/~3/JdsnZricUkg/how-reporting-on-a-nanomaterial-phenomenon-leads-to-confusion-about-nanotechnologys-capabilities" target="_blank">How Reporting on a Nanomaterial Phenomenon Leads to Confusion about Nanotechnology's Capabilities</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span class="sectionheaders">» </span><span class="headnavblue"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/IeeeSpectrum/~3/kRHpolxekLw/dean-kamen-on-first" target="_blank">Dean Kamen on FIRST</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span class="sectionheaders">» </span><span class="headnavblue"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/IeeeSpectrum/~3/OFeLC4bMzOY/engineering-3d" target="_blank">Engineering 3D</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <br> <span class="sectionheaders">» </span><span class="bodycopyblacklargespaced">Listen to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/radio" target="_blank"><em>Spectrum</em> Radio</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span class="sectionheaders">» </span><span class="bodycopyblacklargespaced">Read the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/tech_blogs/" target="_blank">Editor's <em>Blog</em></a></span></td> </tr> </table> </td><td width="3%"> </td><td valign="top" width="43%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://spectrum.ieee.org/" target="_blank"><img border="0" alt="Spectrum Cover" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/spectrum/issues/mar10/images/cover/cover.gif"></a></td> </tr> </table> <a href="#">top of page</a> <br> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td>   <td width="170" valign="top" align="left"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td> <div id="rightContent"> <table width="195" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#868686"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1"></td><td bgcolor="#868686"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" alt="" width="140" height="1"></td><td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#868686"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table width="195" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td class="bookstd"> What do you want to do?</td> </tr> </table> <table width="178" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced" width="153" colspan="2"> <table> <tr> <td colspan="3"> Publish with IEEE </td> </tr> <eljcustomtag alt="Custom Tag" id="elCustomTag14" iseljcustomtag="true" src="TBODY"></eljcustomtag> <tr> <td valign="top" width="7"> <span class="sectionHeaders">•</span> </td> <td width="153"> <span class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced">Learn more about <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/pubservices/index.html">IEEE Publishing Services</a> </span> <br> <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> Manage my subscription </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="7"> <span class="sectionHeaders">•</span> </td> <td width="153"> <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/help/contact/index.html"> Members</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="7"> <span class="sectionHeaders">•</span> </td> <td width="153"> <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/help/contact/index.html"> Librarians</a> (non-members)<br> <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> Add a subscription </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="7"> <span class="sectionHeaders">•</span> </td> <td width="153"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/https://sbwsweb.ieee.org/ecustomercme_enu/start.swe?SWECmd=GotoView&SWEView=Catalog+View+(eSales)_Main_JournalMags_IEEE&src=0&mem_type=Customer&Join=n&HideNew=N"> Members</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="7"> <span class="sectionHeaders">•</span> </td> <td width="153"> <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/subscriptions/info/subpricelist.html"> Librarians</a> (non-members) </td> </tr> </table> <br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#868686"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1"></td> </tr> </table> </div><br> <table xmlns:java="java" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="195"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#868686" rowspan="3"><img height="1" width="1" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td><td bgcolor="#868686"><img height="1" width="140" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td><td bgcolor="#868686" rowspan="3"><img height="1" width="1" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="0" width="195"> <tr> <td class="bookstd">Two ways to discover</td> </tr> </table> <div align="center"> <span class="headNavBlue"><a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/"><img height="50" alt="Xplore logo" width="181" border="0" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/images/xplorelogo2008.jpg"></a></span> </div> <div style="padding: 5px 11px;" class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center" border="0"> <tr> <td width="7" valign="top"><span class="sectionHeaders">•</span></td><td width="153"><span class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/guesthome.jsp">Search content</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="7" valign="top"><span class="sectionHeaders">•</span></td><td width="153"><span class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/subscriptions/clientservices/training.html">Access training tips and tools</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="7" valign="top"><span class="sectionHeaders">•</span></td><td width="153"><span class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/subscriptions/prod/freetrial_form.html">Request a free trial</a></span></td> </tr> </table> <div style="padding-top: 7px;">Access the world's highest quality technical literature.</div> </div> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" align="center" border="0" width="180"> <tr> <td width="10"> <div align="center"> <span class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced"><strong>1.</strong></span> </div> </td><td class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced" width="162"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=10192&arnumber=475986" target="_xplore">An overview of the PARCTAB ubiquitous computing experiment</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="10"> <div align="center"> <span class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced"><strong>2.</strong></span> </div> </td><td class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced" width="162"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=4586444&arnumber=4587072" target="_xplore">A hierarchical Model Predictive Control framework for autonomous ground vehicles</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>聽</td><td style="padding-top: 10px;"><span class="sectionHeaders">禄</span><span class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced"> View <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/browsePopular.jsp">Top 100 Articles</a></span></td> </tr> </table> <div align="center" style="padding-top: 15px;"> <img hspace="0" height="1" width="90%" vspace="0" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/images/1px_868686.gif" alt=""><span class="headNavBlue"><a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.scitopia.org/"><img height="66" alt="www.scitopia.org" width="187" border="0" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/images/scitopia_logo.gif"></a></span> </div> <div style="padding: 0px 11px 0px 11px;" class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced">Broaden your horizons. Search multiple professional sources at once.</div> <div style="padding: 10px 0px 10px 26px;"> <span class="sectionHeaders">禄</span><span class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced"> Try <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.scitopia.org/">scitopia.org</a></span> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#868686"><img height="1" width="1" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td> </tr> </table><br> <table xmlns:xalan="http://xml.apache.org/xalan" xmlns:java="java" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="195"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#868686" rowspan="3"><img height="1" width="1" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td><td bgcolor="#868686"><img height="1" width="140" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td><td bgcolor="#868686" rowspan="3"><img height="1" width="1" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="0" width="195"> <tr> <td class="bookstd"> Featured Publication</td> </tr> </table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="center" border="0" width="155"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="151"> <div align="center"> <p> <div class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced"> <strong><a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=94"> IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation</a></strong> </div> <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=94"><img border="0" vspace="6" hspace="0" height="147" width="110" alt=" IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation," src="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330im_/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/images/cover_images/Dielectrics&ElectricalInsul.jpg"></a> </p> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#868686"><img height="1" width="1" alt="" src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif"></td> </tr> </table><br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table width="856" border="0" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td><hr width="850" noshade="noshade" size="1" color="#006699"/></td> </tr> </table>  <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div align="right"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" hspace="0" vspace="0"/> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="10" class="bottomnav"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" alt="" width="10" height="1"/></td> <td class="bottomnav"><a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/portal/site/iportals/?WT.mc_id=ft_home" class="bottomnav">IEEE Home</a>   |   <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/services/general/sitemap.html?WT.mc_id=ft_smap" class="bottomnav">Sitemap</a>   |   <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/web/search/index.html?WT.mc_id=ft_search" class="bottomnav">Search</a>   |   <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/rights/privacy.html?WT.mc_id=ft_privacy" class="bottomnav">Privacy & Security</a>   |   <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/rights/legal.html?WT.mc_id=ft_terms" class="bottomnav">Terms & Conditions</a>    |   <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html" class="bottomnav">Nondiscrimination Policy</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div align="right"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1" hspace="0" vspace="4"/> </div></td> </tr> </table> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td width="71%" valign="top"><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="footer"> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" alt="" width="1" height="1"/></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="10"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" alt="" width="10" height="1"/></td> <td valign="top" class="footerGrey"><br/><br/>© Copyright 2010 IEEE – All Rights Reserved.<br/> Use of this website signifies your agreement to the Terms of Use.<br/> For questions or comments, please contact the <a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/web/services/general/webmaster.html?WT.mc_id=ft_webmaster">IEEE Webmaster</a>.</td> </tr> </table></td> <td width="12%"><div align="right" class="footerGrey"> </div></td> <td width="17%"><div id="iportal-footer-logo"><a href="/web/20100316164330/http://www.ieee.org/portal/site/iportals?WT.mc_id=ft_home"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/footer_logo_125.gif" alt="IEEE Logo" name="inspec" width="125" height="74" hspace="0" vspace="2" border="0" id="inspec"/></a></div></td> </tr> </table>  <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/https://ssl." : "https://web.archive.org/web/20100316164330/http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-4930232-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); </script>   </td> </tr> </table></td> <td width="13" background="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/ieee_rightbrdr.gif"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/spacer.gif" width="13" height="1" alt=""/></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><img src="/web/20100316164330im_/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/global/images/ieee_bottombar.gif" width="882" height="23" alt=""/></td> </tr> </table>  </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

IEEE - IEEE Publishing: Connecting Brilliant Minds