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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Mandaeism" title="Category:Mandaeism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Drabsha" title="Drabsha"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg/100px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg/150px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg/200px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Prophets</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Names for adherents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabians" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_(sect)#Nasoraean_Mandaeans" title="Nazarene (sect)">Nasoraeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mandaean_texts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mandaean texts">Scriptures</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Ginza Rabba</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Right_Ginza" title="Right Ginza">Right Ginza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Left_Ginza" title="Left Ginza">Left Ginza</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_Book_of_John" title="Mandaean Book of John">Mandaean Book of John</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qulasta" title="Qulasta">Qulasta</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Qulasta_prayers" title="List of Qulasta prayers">list</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haran_Gawaita" title="Haran Gawaita">Haran Gawaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wedding_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="The Wedding of the Great Shishlam">The Wedding of the Great Shishlam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baptism_of_Hibil_Ziwa" title="The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa">The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Abatur" class="mw-redirect" title="Diwan Abatur">Diwan Abatur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Thousand_and_Twelve_Questions" title="The Thousand and Twelve Questions">The Thousand and Twelve Questions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_Exalted_Kingship" title="Scroll of Exalted Kingship">Scroll of Exalted Kingship</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="The Coronation of the Great Shishlam">The Coronation of the Great Shishlam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Rba" title="Alma Rišaia Rba">Alma Rišaia Rba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Zu%E1%B9%ADa" title="Alma Rišaia Zuṭa">Alma Rišaia Zuṭa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zihrun_Raza_Kasia" title="Zihrun Raza Kasia">Zihrun Raza Kasia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Parwanaya" title="Scroll of the Parwanaya">Scroll of the Parwanaya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Zodiac" title="Book of the Zodiac">Book of the Zodiac</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dmut_Ku%C5%A1%E1%B9%ADa" title="Dmut Kušṭa">Dmut Kušṭa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Rivers" title="Scroll of the Rivers">Scroll of the Rivers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Ancestors" title="Secrets of the Ancestors">Secrets of the Ancestors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Ancestors" title="Scroll of the Ancestors">Scroll of the Ancestors</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_priest" title="Mandaean priest">Priests</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rishama" title="Rishama">Rishama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzibra" title="Ganzibra">Ganzibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmida" title="Tarmida">Tarmida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shganda" title="Shganda">Shganda</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Individual leaders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miriai" title="Miriai">Miriai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlama_beth_Qidra" title="Shlama beth Qidra">Shlama beth Qidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazai_of_Gawazta" title="Zazai of Gawazta">Zazai of Gawazta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anush_Bar_Danqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anush Bar Danqa">Anush Bar Danqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Bihram" title="Yahya Bihram">Yahya Bihram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakhil_Aidan" title="Dakhil Aidan">Dakhil Aidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabbar_Choheili" title="Jabbar Choheili">Jabbar Choheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattar_Jabbar_Hilow" title="Sattar Jabbar Hilow">Sattar Jabbar Hilow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najah_Choheili" title="Najah Choheili">Najah Choheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Choheili" title="Salah Choheili">Salah Choheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brikha_Nasoraia" title="Brikha Nasoraia">Brikha Nasoraia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Rituals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masbuta" title="Masbuta">Masbuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masiqta" title="Masiqta">Masiqta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamasha_(ablution)" title="Tamasha (ablution)">Tamasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishama_(ablution)" title="Rishama (ablution)">Rishama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushta" title="Kushta">Kushta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabin" title="Qabin">Qabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misha_(Mandaeism)" title="Misha (Mandaeism)">Misha</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ritual food and drink</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mambuha" title="Mambuha">Mambuha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halalta" title="Halalta">Halalta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamra_(Mandaeism)" title="Hamra (Mandaeism)">Hamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pihta" title="Pihta">Pihta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatira" title="Fatira">Fatira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidqa_brikha" title="Zidqa brikha">Zidqa brikha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofani" title="Lofani">Lofani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_(Mandaeism)" title="Sa (Mandaeism)">Sa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukrana" title="Dukrana">Dukrana</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Belief in Oneness of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakha" title="Brakha">Daily prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbuta" title="Masbuta">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauma" title="Sauma">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidqa" title="Zidqa">Almsgiving</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Objects and symbols</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drabsha" title="Drabsha">Drabsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasta_(Mandaeism)" title="Rasta (Mandaeism)">Rasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burzinqa" title="Burzinqa">Burzinqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandama" title="Pandama">Pandama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klila" title="Klila">Klila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taga_(Mandaeism)" title="Taga (Mandaeism)">Taga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riha_(Mandaeism)" title="Riha (Mandaeism)">Riha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandola" title="Skandola">Skandola</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_cosmology" title="Mandaean cosmology">Cosmology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Light" title="World of Light">World of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_(Mandaeism)" title="Mana (Mandaeism)">Mana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_(Mandaeism)" title="Manda (Mandaeism)">Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Uthra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_d-Hayyi" title="Manda d-Hayyi">Manda d-Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushamin" title="Yushamin">Yushamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abatur" title="Abatur">Abatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahil" title="Ptahil">Ptahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibil" title="Hibil">Hibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitil" title="Shitil">Shitil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anush_(Mandaeism)" title="Anush (Mandaeism)">Anush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ziwa" title="Sam Ziwa">Sam Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihram" title="Bihram">Bihram Rabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adathan" class="mw-redirect" title="Adathan">Adathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadathan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadathan">Yadathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilmai" title="Shilmai">Shilmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidbai" title="Nidbai">Nidbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawar_Ziwa" title="Yawar Ziwa">Yawar Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simat_Hayyi" title="Simat Hayyi">Simat Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yufin-Yufafin" title="Yufin-Yufafin">Yufin-Yufafin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsab" title="Nsab">Nsab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbat" title="Nbat">Nbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubran" title="Gubran">Gubran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihlun" title="Shihlun">Shihlun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfeil" class="mw-redirect" title="Urfeil">Urfeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marfeil" class="mw-redirect" title="Marfeil">Marfeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saureil" title="Saureil">Saureil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zihrun" title="Zihrun">Zihrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etinsib_Ziwa" title="Etinsib Ziwa">Etinsib Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piriawis" title="Piriawis">Piriawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tarwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yura_(Mandaeism)" title="Yura (Mandaeism)">Yura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurba" title="Yurba">Yurba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukashar" title="Yukashar">Yukashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziwa_(Aramaic)#Mandaeism" title="Ziwa (Aramaic)">Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrat" title="Shahrat">Shahrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Malwasha">Malwasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishimta" title="Nishimta">Nishimta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinanukht" title="Dinanukht">Dinanukht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishlam" title="Shishlam">Shishlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezlat" title="Ezlat">Ezlat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shkinta" title="Shkinta">škina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmuta" title="Dmuta">Dmuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mshunia_Kushta" title="Mshunia Kushta">Mshunia Kushta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_kasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam kasia">Adam kasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_pagria" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam pagria">Adam pagria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatrin" title="Shatrin">Shatrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laufa" title="Laufa">Laufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitfun" title="Hitfun">Hitfun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibil" title="Tibil">Tibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Darkness_(Mandaeism)" title="World of Darkness (Mandaeism)">World of Darkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Suf" title="Sea of Suf">Sea of Suf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siniawis" title="Siniawis">Siniawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matarta" title="Matarta">Matarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruha" title="Ruha">Ruha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur_(Mandaeism)" title="Ur (Mandaeism)">Ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krun" title="Krun">Krun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaf_(Mandaeism)" title="Gaf (Mandaeism)">Gaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_(Mandaeism)" title="Qin (Mandaeism)">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahreil" title="Zahreil">Zahreil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anathan" title="Anathan">Anathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giu_(Mandaeism)" title="Giu (Mandaeism)">Giu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shdum" title="Shdum">Shdum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zartai-Zartanai" title="Zartai-Zartanai">Zartai-Zartanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hag_and_Mag" title="Hag and Mag">Hag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hag_and_Mag" title="Hag and Mag">Mag</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_calendar#Festivals" title="Mandaean calendar">Festivals</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Parwanaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_d-Shishlam_Rabba" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehwa d-Shishlam Rabba">Dehwa d-Shishlam Rabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Daimana" title="Dehwa Daimana">Dehwa Daimana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Hanina" title="Dehwa Hanina">Dehwa Hanina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Haris" title="Abu al-Haris">Abu al-Haris</a> (Ashoriya)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_calendar#Festivals" title="Mandaean calendar">Ead Fel</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Places</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yardna" title="Yardna">Yardena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Manda" class="mw-redirect" title="Beth Manda">Beth Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkinta" title="Shkinta">Shkinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andiruna" title="Andiruna">Andiruna</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Brakha" title="Brakha">Prayers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidra_d-Nishmata" title="Sidra d-Nishmata">Sidra d-Nishmata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asut_Malkia" title="Asut Malkia">Asut Malkia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rushuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahma_(Mandaeism)" title="Rahma (Mandaeism)">Rahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabahatan" title="Tabahatan">Tabahatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumhata" title="Shumhata">Shumhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bshuma" title="Bshuma">Bshuma</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px lightblue solid; border-bottom:1px lightblue solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mandaeism" title="Template:Mandaeism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mandaeism" title="Template talk:Mandaeism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mandaeism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mandaeism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>rushuma</b> (<a href="/wiki/Classical_Mandaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Mandaic language">Classical Mandaic</a>: <span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡓࡅࡔࡅࡌࡀ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Classical Mandaic-language romanization"><i lang="myz-Latn">rušuma</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'<a href="/wiki/Hand_gesture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand gesture">sign</a>'; sometimes also spelled <b>rushma</b> or <b>rušma</b>) is one of the most commonly recited prayers in <a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a>. It is a "signing" prayer recited during daily ablutions (<a href="/wiki/Rishama_(ablution)" title="Rishama (ablution)">rishama</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same word can also be used to refer to the ritual signing gesture associated with the prayer. </p><p>The rushuma is numbered as Prayer 104 in <a href="/wiki/E._S._Drower" title="E. S. Drower">E. S. Drower</a>'s version of the <a href="/wiki/Qulasta" title="Qulasta">Qulasta</a>, which was based on manuscript 53 of the <a href="/wiki/Drower_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Drower Collection">Drower Collection</a> (abbreviated DC 53). In Drower's ordering, the <i><a href="/wiki/Asut_Malkia" title="Asut Malkia">Asut Malkia</a></i> prayer (<i>CP</i> 105) follows the rushuma prayer, while the <i><a href="/wiki/%CA%BFniana" class="mw-redirect" title="ʿniana">ʿniana</a></i> ("response") prayers come before the rushuma.<sup id="cite_ref-Drower_1959_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drower_1959-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signing">Signing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rushuma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Signing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Rushuma</i> or <i>rushma</i> literally means "sign" or "signing" (ritual gesture). Many lines in the prayer are repeated three times as the reciter signs the <i>rushuma</i> front of the face with his or her fingers.<sup id="cite_ref-Drower_1959_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drower_1959-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mandaic_text_and_translation">Mandaic text and translation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rushuma&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mandaic text and translation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is the transliterated <a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/mid/%E0%A1%93%E0%A1%85%E0%A1%94%E0%A1%85%E0%A1%8C%E0%A1%80" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/mid/ࡓࡅࡔࡅࡌࡀ">Mandaic text</a> of the Rushuma prayer, based on <a href="/wiki/Majid_Fandi_Al-Mubaraki" title="Majid Fandi Al-Mubaraki">Majid Fandi Al-Mubaraki</a>'s Qulasta (volume 2)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as edited by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Morgenstern" title="Matthew Morgenstern">Matthew Morgenstern</a> and Ohad Abudraham in the <i><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Aramaic_Lexicon" title="Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon">Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CAL_Qulasta2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAL_Qulasta2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English translation is original. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 50%;">Mandaic transliteration </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 50%;">English translation </th></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p><span title="Classical Mandaic-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="myz-Latn">kušṭa asinkun<br /> b-šumaihun ḏ-hiia rbia<br /> asuta u-zakuta nihuilak<br /> ia ab abuhun malka piriauis<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">iardna rba ḏ-mia hiia</span><br /> b-šumaihun ḏ-hiia rbia<br /> halilnin ˁdan b-kušṭa<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">u-span b-haimanuta</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">u-malilnin b-malalia ḏ-ziua</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">u-ˁshiṭabun b-ˁuṣrai ḏ-nhura</span><br /> brik šumak u-mšaba šumak<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">marai manda ḏ-hiia</span><br /> brik u-mšaba hak parṣupa rba ḏ-ˁqara ḏ-mn napšia praš<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(tlata zibnia)</span><br /> ana plan br planita<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">ršimna b-rušma ḏ-hiia</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">šuma ḏ-hiia u-šuma ḏ-manda ḏ-hiia madkar ˁlai</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(tlata zibnia)</span><br /> ˁudnai šamun qala ḏ-hiia<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(tlata zibnia)</span><br /> nhirai arih riha ḏ-hiia<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(tlata zibnia)</span><br /> rušumai ˁlauai<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">la-hua b-nura</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">u-la-hua b-miša</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">u-la-hua ḏ-mšiha mša</span><br /> rušumai b-iardna rba ḏ-mia hiia ḏ-ˁniš b-hailia la-mṣia<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">šuma ḏ-hiia u-šuma ḏ-manda ḏ-hiia madkar ˁlai</span><br /> kbiš hšuka u-triṣ nhura<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">šuma ḏ-hiia u-šuma ḏ-manda ḏ-hiia madkar ˁlai</span><br /> pumai buta u-tušbihta mla<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(tlata zibnia)</span><br /> b-urkai marbika u-sagda l-hiia rbia<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(tlata zibnia)</span><br /> ligrai madrika dirkia ḏ-kušṭa u-haimanuta<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(tlata zibnia)</span><br /> ana plan br planita<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">ṣbina b-maṣbuta ḏ-bihram rba br rurbia</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">maṣbutai tinaṭrai u-tisaq l-riš</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">šuma ḏ-hiia u-šuma ḏ-manda ḏ-hiia madkar ˁlai</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(tlata zibnia)</span><br /> ligrai ˁdaihun ḏ-šuba u-trisar la-tištalaṭ ˁlai<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">šuma ḏ-hiia u-šuma ḏ-manda ḏ-hiia madkar ˁlai</span></span></span> </p> </div></blockquote> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>May <a href="/wiki/Kushta" title="Kushta">Kushta</a> give you strength.<br /> In the name of <a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a>.<br /> May healing and victory be upon you.<br /> O my Father, their Father, King <a href="/wiki/Piriawis" title="Piriawis">Piriawis</a>,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">Great <a href="/wiki/Yardna" title="Yardna">Yardna</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Living_Water" title="Living Water">Living Water</a>.</span><br /> In the name of Hayyi Rabbi.<br /> We have purified our hands with Kushta,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">and our lips with Faith,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">and we have spoken words of <a href="/wiki/Ziwa_(Aramaic)" title="Ziwa (Aramaic)">Ziwa</a>,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">and my mind is immersed in Light.</span><br /> May your name be blessed, and may your name be praised,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">my Lord <a href="/wiki/Manda_d-Hayyi" title="Manda d-Hayyi">Manda d-Hayyi</a>.</span><br /> May that <a href="/wiki/Divine_countenance#In_Mandaeism" title="Divine countenance">Great Countenance of Glory</a>, which originated from itself, be blessed and praised.<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(three times)</span><br /> I, N son of N,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">am signed with the rušma of Hayyi.</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">May the name of Hayyi and the name of Manda d-Hayyi be pronounced upon me.</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(three times)</span><br /> My ears have heard the call of Hayyi.<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(three times)</span><br /> My nose has breathed the <a href="/wiki/Riha_(Mandaeism)" title="Riha (Mandaeism)">riha</a> of Hayyi.<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(three times)</span><br /> My rušuma, given to me,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">was not in the fire,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">was not in the oil,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">and was not of the anointment of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mšiha</a>.</span><br /> My rušuma is in the Great Yardna of Living Water, of which none can attain its powers.<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">May the name of Hayyi and the name of Manda d-Hayyi be pronounced upon me.</span><br /> Darkness is defeated, and Light is established.<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">May the name of Hayyi and the name of Manda d-Hayyi be pronounced upon me.</span><br /> My mouth is filled with prayer (<i>buta</i>) and praise.<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(three times)</span><br /> My knees bless and worship Hayyi Rabbi.<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(three times)</span><br /> My feet walk the paths of Kushta and Faith.<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(three times)</span><br /> I, N son of N,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">am baptized with the <a href="/wiki/Ma%E1%B9%A3buta" class="mw-redirect" title="Maṣbuta">maṣbuta</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bihram" title="Bihram">Bihram</a> Rabba, son of the Mighty.</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">My maṣbuta will protect me and bring me forward.</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">May the name of Hayyi and the name of Manda d-Hayyi be pronounced upon me.</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">(three times)</span><br /> The feet and the hands of the Seven and Twelve will not be able to dominate me.<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">May the name of Hayyi and the name of Manda d-Hayyi be pronounced upon me.</span> </p> </div></blockquote> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rushuma&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brakha" title="Brakha">Brakha</a> (daily prayer in Mandaeism)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahma_(Mandaeism)" title="Rahma (Mandaeism)">Rahma (Mandaeism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumhata" title="Shumhata">Shumhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qulasta" title="Qulasta">Qulasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Qulasta_prayers" title="List of Qulasta prayers">List of Qulasta prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishama_(ablution)" title="Rishama (ablution)">Rishama (ablution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamasha_(ablution)" title="Tamasha (ablution)">Tamasha (ablution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Signing</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushta" title="Kushta">Kushta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rushuma&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Buckley2010-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buckley2010_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2010" class="citation book cs1">Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2010). <i>The great stem of souls: reconstructing Mandaean history</i>. Piscataway, N.J: Gorgias Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59333-621-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59333-621-9"><bdi>978-1-59333-621-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+great+stem+of+souls%3A+reconstructing+Mandaean+history&rft.place=Piscataway%2C+N.J&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59333-621-9&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Jorunn+Jacobsen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARushuma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drower_1959-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Drower_1959_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drower_1959_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrower1959" class="citation book cs1">Drower, E. S. (1959). <i>The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canonical+Prayerbook+of+the+Mandaeans&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Drower&rft.aufirst=E.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARushuma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-MubarakiMubaraki2010" class="citation book cs1">Al-Mubaraki, Majid Fandi; Mubaraki, Brian (2010). <i>Qulasta - 'niania & Qabina / Mandaean Liturgical Prayer Book (Responses & Marriage)</i>. Vol. 2. Luddenham, New South Wales: Mandaean Research Centre. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781876888152" title="Special:BookSources/9781876888152"><bdi>9781876888152</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Qulasta+-+%27niania+%26+Qabina+%2F+Mandaean+Liturgical+Prayer+Book+%28Responses+%26+Marriage%29&rft.place=Luddenham%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=Mandaean+Research+Centre&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781876888152&rft.aulast=Al-Mubaraki&rft.aufirst=Majid+Fandi&rft.au=Mubaraki%2C+Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARushuma" class="Z3988"></span> (1999 edition: ISBN 0-9585704-4-X)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CAL_Qulasta2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CAL_Qulasta2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgensternAbudraham" class="citation web cs1">Morgenstern, Matthew; Abudraham, Ohad (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cal.huc.edu/get_a_chapter.php?file=74420">"Qulasta (2)"</a>. <i>The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Comprehensive+Aramaic+Lexicon&rft.atitle=Qulasta+%282%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcal.huc.edu%2Fget_a_chapter.php%3Ffile%3D74420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARushuma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mandaeism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mandaeism_footer" title="Template:Mandaeism footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mandaeism_footer" title="Template talk:Mandaeism footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mandaeism_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mandaeism footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mandaeism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_Americans" title="Mandaean Americans">Mandaean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_Australians" title="Mandaean Australians">Mandaean Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeans_in_Sweden" title="Mandaeans in Sweden">Mandaeans in Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabians" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_(sect)#Nasoraean_Mandaeans" title="Nazarene (sect)">Nasoraeans</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png/70px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png/105px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png/140px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical identities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essenes" title="Essenes">Essenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentaeans" title="Kentaeans">Kentaeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_priest" title="Mandaean priest">Priesthood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rishama" title="Rishama">Rishama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzibra" title="Ganzibra">Ganzibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmida" title="Tarmida">Tarmida</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Shganda" title="Shganda">Shganda</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Mandaean_priests" title="List of Mandaean priests">List of Mandaean priests</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlama_beth_Qidra" title="Shlama beth Qidra">Shlama beth Qidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazai_of_Gawazta" title="Zazai of Gawazta">Zazai of Gawazta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anush_bar_Danqa" title="Anush bar Danqa">Anush bar Danqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Bihram" title="Yahya Bihram">Yahya Bihram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Zihrun" title="Ram Zihrun">Ram Zihrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibia_Mudalal" title="Bibia Mudalal">Bibia Mudalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Khaffagi" title="Abdullah Khaffagi">Abdullah Khaffagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negm_bar_Zahroon" title="Negm bar Zahroon">Negm bar Zahroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bar_Negm" title="Abdullah bar Negm">Abdullah bar Negm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bar_Sam" title="Abdullah bar Sam">Abdullah bar Sam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakhil_Aidan" title="Dakhil Aidan">Dakhil Aidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabbar_Choheili" title="Jabbar Choheili">Jabbar Choheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Choheili" title="Salah Choheili">Salah Choheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najah_Choheili" title="Najah Choheili">Najah Choheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taleb_Doraji" title="Taleb Doraji">Taleb Doraji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaldoon_Majid_Abdullah" title="Khaldoon Majid Abdullah">Khaldoon Majid Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahi_Bashikh" title="Sahi Bashikh">Sahi Bashikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattar_Jabbar_Hilow" title="Sattar Jabbar Hilow">Sattar Jabbar Hilow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhana_Nashmi" title="Yuhana Nashmi">Yuhana Nashmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brikha_Nasoraia" title="Brikha Nasoraia">Brikha Nasoraia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafid_al-Sabti" title="Rafid al-Sabti">Rafid al-Sabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salwan_Alkhamas" title="Salwan Alkhamas">Salwan Alkhamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_Council_of_Ahvaz" title="Mandaean Council of Ahvaz">Mandaean Council of Ahvaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabian_Mandaean_Association_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabian Mandaean Association in Australia">Sabian Mandaean Association in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mandaic_manuscripts" title="List of Mandaic manuscripts">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Ginza Rabba</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Right_Ginza" title="Right Ginza">Right Ginza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Left_Ginza" title="Left Ginza">Left Ginza</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_Book_of_John" title="Mandaean Book of John">Mandaean Book of John</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Qulasta_(list)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Qulasta" title="Qulasta">Qulasta</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Qulasta_prayers" title="List of Qulasta prayers">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sidra_d-Nishmata" title="Sidra d-Nishmata">Sidra d-Nishmata</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rushuma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asut_Malkia" title="Asut Malkia">Asut Malkia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eniana" title="Eniana">Eniana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahma_(Mandaeism)" title="Rahma (Mandaeism)">Rahma</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabahatan" title="Tabahatan">Tabahatan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shumhata" title="Shumhata">Shumhata</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Priestly texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Thousand_and_Twelve_Questions" title="The Thousand and Twelve Questions">The Thousand and Twelve Questions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_Exalted_Kingship" title="Scroll of Exalted Kingship">Scroll of Exalted Kingship</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="The Coronation of the Great Shishlam">The Coronation of the Great Shishlam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wedding_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="The Wedding of the Great Shishlam">The Wedding of the Great Shishlam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Rba" title="Alma Rišaia Rba">Alma Rišaia Rba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Zu%E1%B9%ADa" title="Alma Rišaia Zuṭa">Alma Rišaia Zuṭa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zihrun_Raza_Kasia" title="Zihrun Raza Kasia">Zihrun Raza Kasia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Parwanaya" title="Scroll of the Parwanaya">Scroll of the Parwanaya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Great_Baptism" title="Scroll of the Great Baptism">Scroll of the Great Baptism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Ancestors" title="Scroll of the Ancestors">Scroll of the Ancestors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baptism_of_Hibil_Ziwa" title="The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa">The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_Abatur" title="Scroll of Abatur">Scroll of Abatur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dmut_Ku%C5%A1%E1%B9%ADa" title="Dmut Kušṭa">Dmut Kušṭa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Ancestors" title="Secrets of the Ancestors">Secrets of the Ancestors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Rivers" title="Scroll of the Rivers">Scroll of the Rivers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Zodiac" title="Book of the Zodiac">Book of the Zodiac</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Haran_Gawaita" title="Haran Gawaita">Haran Gawaita</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic</a> texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incantation_bowl" title="Incantation bowl">Incantation bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_lead_rolls" title="Mandaic lead rolls">Lead rolls</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%A1ra_d-Ainia" title="Pišra d-Ainia">Pišra d-Ainia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_cosmology" title="Mandaean cosmology">Cosmology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibil" title="Tibil">Tibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardna" title="Yardna">Yardna</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_of_Light" title="World of Light">World of Light</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkinta" title="Shkinta">Shkina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piriawis" title="Piriawis">Piriawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mshunia_Kushta" title="Mshunia Kushta">Mshunia Kushta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tarwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasana" title="Yasana">Yasana</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Uthras" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Uthras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushamin" title="Yushamin">Yushamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abatur" title="Abatur">Abatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahil" title="Ptahil">Ptahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibil" title="Hibil">Hibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitil" title="Shitil">Shitil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anush_(Mandaeism)" title="Anush (Mandaeism)">Anush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ziwa" title="Sam Ziwa">Sam Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_d-Hayyi" title="Manda d-Hayyi">Manda d-Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilmai" title="Shilmai">Shilmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidbai" title="Nidbai">Nidbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adathan_and_Yadathan" title="Adathan and Yadathan">Adathan and Yadathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yufin-Yufafin" title="Yufin-Yufafin">Yufin-Yufafin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfeil_and_Marfeil" title="Urfeil and Marfeil">Urfeil and Marfeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tar and Tarwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihram" title="Bihram">Bihram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zihrun" title="Zihrun">Zihrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etinsib_Ziwa" title="Etinsib Ziwa">Etinsib Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbat" title="Nbat">Nbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsab" title="Nsab">Nsab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubran" title="Gubran">Gubran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihlun" title="Shihlun">Shihlun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yura_(Mandaeism)" title="Yura (Mandaeism)">Yura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurba" title="Yurba">Yurba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukabar" title="Yukabar">Yukabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukashar" title="Yukashar">Yukashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawar_Ziwa" title="Yawar Ziwa">Yawar Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simat_Hayyi" title="Simat Hayyi">Simat Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saureil" title="Saureil">Saureil</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Concepts" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anana_(Mandaeism)" title="Anana (Mandaeism)">Anana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gufna" title="Gufna">Gufna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziwa_(Aramaic)" title="Ziwa (Aramaic)">Ziwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intermediary realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matarta" title="Matarta">Matarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitfun" title="Hitfun">Hitfun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrat" title="Shahrat">Shahrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatrin" title="Shatrin">Shatrin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_of_Darkness_(Mandaeism)" title="World of Darkness (Mandaeism)">World of Darkness</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Suf" title="Sea of Suf">Sea of Suf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siniawis" title="Siniawis">Siniawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mšiha</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demons_in_Mandaeism" title="Demons in Mandaeism">Demons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruha" title="Ruha">Ruha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur_(Mandaeism)" title="Ur (Mandaeism)">Ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krun" title="Krun">Krun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaf_(Mandaeism)" title="Gaf (Mandaeism)">Gaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_(Mandaeism)" title="Qin (Mandaeism)">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anathan" title="Anathan">Anathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shdum" title="Shdum">Shdum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giu_(Mandaeism)" title="Giu (Mandaeism)">Giu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hag_and_Mag" title="Hag and Mag">Hag and Mag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zartai-Zartanai" title="Zartai-Zartanai">Zartai-Zartanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahreil" title="Zahreil">Zahreil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_cosmology#Planets" title="Mandaean cosmology">Planets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shamish" title="Shamish">Shamish</a> (Sun)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libat" title="Libat">Libat</a> (Venus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbu" title="Nbu">Nbu</a> (Mercury)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_(Mandaeism)" title="Sin (Mandaeism)">Sin</a> (Moon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwan" title="Kiwan">Kiwan</a> (Saturn)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bil_(Mandaeism)" title="Bil (Mandaeism)">Bil</a> (Jupiter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirig" title="Nirig">Nirig</a> (Mars)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enos_(biblical_figure)" title="Enos (biblical figure)">Enosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriai" title="Miriai">Miriai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legendary figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinanukht" title="Dinanukht">Dinanukht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishlam" title="Shishlam">Shishlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezlat" title="Ezlat">Ezlat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kushta" title="Kushta">Kushta</a> (truth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_(Mandaeism)" title="Manda (Mandaeism)">Manda</a> (gnosis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laufa" title="Laufa">Laufa</a> (communion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmuta" title="Dmuta">Dmuta</a> (image)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishimta" title="Nishimta">Nishimta</a> (soul)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruha#As_the_spirit" title="Ruha">Ruha</a> (spirit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_(Mandaeism)" title="Mana (Mandaeism)">Mana</a> (mind)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Kasia" title="Adam Kasia">Adam Kasia</a> (hidden Adam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Pagria" title="Adam Pagria">Adam Pagria</a> (bodily Adam)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects and symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drabsha" title="Drabsha">Drabsha</a> (banner)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misha_(Mandaeism)" title="Misha (Mandaeism)">Misha</a> (oil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riha_(Mandaeism)" title="Riha (Mandaeism)">Riha</a> (incense)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandola" title="Skandola">Skandola</a> (talisman seal)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ritual food and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mambuha" title="Mambuha">Mambuha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halalta" title="Halalta">Halalta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamra_(Mandaeism)" title="Hamra (Mandaeism)">Hamra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pihta" title="Pihta">Pihta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatira" title="Fatira">Fatira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_(Mandaeism)" title="Sa (Mandaeism)">Sa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dukrana" title="Dukrana">Dukrana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofani" title="Lofani">Lofani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidqa_brikha" title="Zidqa brikha">Zidqa brikha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rasta_(Mandaeism)" title="Rasta (Mandaeism)">Rasta</a> (robe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burzinqa" title="Burzinqa">Burzinqa</a> (turban)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandama" title="Pandama">Pandama</a> (mouth-veil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himiana" title="Himiana">Himiana</a> (girdle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margna" title="Margna">Margna</a> (staff)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klila" title="Klila">Klila</a> (wreath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taga_(Mandaeism)" title="Taga (Mandaeism)">Taga</a> (crown)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rituals and practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masbuta" title="Masbuta">Masbuta</a> (baptism)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamasha_(ablution)" title="Tamasha (ablution)">Tamasha</a> (triple ablution)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishama_(ablution)" title="Rishama (ablution)">Rishama</a> (minor ablution)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masiqta" title="Masiqta">Masiqta</a> (death mass)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabin" title="Qabin">Qabin</a> (wedding)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakha" title="Brakha">Brakha</a> (prayer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bshuma" title="Bshuma">Bshuma</a> (name of God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauma" title="Sauma">Sauma</a> (fasting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidqa" title="Zidqa">Zidqa</a> (almsgiving)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Naming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandi_(Mandaeism)" title="Mandi (Mandaeism)">Mandi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabian%E2%80%93Mandaean_Mandi_of_Baghdad" title="Sabian–Mandaean Mandi of Baghdad">Baghdad Mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzibra_Dakhil_Mandi" title="Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi">Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Yuhana_Mandi" title="Yahya Yuhana Mandi">Yahya Yuhana Mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallacia_Mandi" title="Wallacia Mandi">Wallacia Mandi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkinta" title="Shkinta">Shkinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andiruna" title="Andiruna">Andiruna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_calendar" title="Mandaean calendar">Calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feasts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="Feast of the Great Shishlam">Feast of the Great Shishlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Hanina" title="Dehwa Hanina">Dehwa Hanina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Haris" title="Abu al-Haris">Abu al-Haris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Parwanaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Daimana" title="Dehwa Daimana">Dehwa Daimana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daula_(month)" title="Daula (month)">Daula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuna_(month)" title="Nuna (month)">Nuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embra_(month)" title="Embra (month)">ʿmbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taura_(month)" title="Taura (month)">Taura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silmia" title="Silmia">Ṣilmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartana_(month)" title="Sartana (month)">Sarṭana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_(month)" title="Aria (month)">Aria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumbulta" title="Shumbulta">Šumbulta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaina" title="Qaina">Qaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arqba" title="Arqba">Arqba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitia" title="Hitia">Hiṭia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadia_(month)" title="Gadia (month)">Gadia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Epochs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_and_Rud" title="Ram and Rud">Ram and Rud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shurbai_and_Sharhabeil" title="Shurbai and Sharhabeil">Shurbai and Sharhabeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_wife#In_Mandaeism" title="Noah's wife">Nuraita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_language" title="Mandaic language">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Mandaic" title="Neo-Mandaic">Neo-Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_(Unicode_block)" title="Mandaic (Unicode block)">Unicode block</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholarly disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_studies" title="Mandaean studies">Mandaean studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" 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