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Volta - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d&#039;actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l&#039;Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&amp;returnto=Volta" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Volta" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d&#039;usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&amp;returnto=Volta" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Volta" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l&#039;edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d&#039;aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Classificació_en_funció_de_la_seva_forma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificació_en_funció_de_la_seva_forma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Classificació en funció de la seva forma</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classificació_en_funció_de_la_seva_forma-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Classificació en funció de la seva forma</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classificació_en_funció_de_la_seva_forma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Simples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Simples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compostes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compostes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Compostes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compostes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Volta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 61 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuelta_(arquitectura)" title="Vuelta (arquitectura) - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vuelta (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9)" title="قنطرة (عمارة) - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قنطرة (عمارة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3veda" title="Bóveda - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bóveda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C4%9F_(termin)" title="Tağ (termin) - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tağ (termin)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="تاغ - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تاغ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Скляпенне - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Скляпенне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Скляпеньне - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Скляпеньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolz" title="Bolz - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bolz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svod" title="Svod - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Svod" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klenba" title="Klenba - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klenba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%87%C4%83%D0%BA_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Авăнчăк хуплав - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Авăнчăк хуплав" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hv%C3%A6lving" title="Hvælving - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hvælving" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%B6lbe" title="Gewölbe - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gewölbe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vault_(architecture)" title="Vault (architecture) - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vault (architecture)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volbo" title="Volbo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Volbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3veda" title="Bóveda - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bóveda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5lv" title="Võlv - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Võlv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga_(arkitektura)" title="Ganga (arkitektura) - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ganga (arkitektura)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82" title="طاق - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طاق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holvi" title="Holvi - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Holvi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vo%C3%BBte" title="Voûte - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voûte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferwulft_(boukeunst)" title="Ferwulft (boukeunst) - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ferwulft (boukeunst)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boghta" title="Boghta - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Boghta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3veda_(arquitectura)" title="Bóveda (arquitectura) - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bóveda (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="קמרון (אדריכלות) - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קמרון (אדריכלות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svod" title="Svod - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svod" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltozat" title="Boltozat - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Boltozat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%B2_(%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Թաղ (ճարտարապետություն) - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թաղ (ճարտարապետություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengeluk" title="Pengeluk - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengeluk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulto" title="Vulto - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vulto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volta_(architettura)" title="Volta (architettura) - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Volta (architettura)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="ヴォールト - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴォールト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="კამარა - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კამარა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B6%81%EB%A5%AD" title="궁륭 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="궁륭" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera" title="Camera - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Camera" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verw%C3%ABllef" title="Verwëllef - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Verwëllef" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volta_(arciteta)" title="Volta (arciteta) - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Volta (arciteta)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velve" title="Velve - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Velve" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Свод - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Свод" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewelf" title="Gewelf - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gewelf" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvelv_i_arkitekturen" title="Kvelv i arkitekturen - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvelv i arkitekturen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvelv_(arkitektur)" title="Hvelv (arkitektur) - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hvelv (arkitektur)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B2uta_(arquitectura)" title="Vòuta (arquitectura) - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vòuta (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sklepienie" title="Sklepienie - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sklepienie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C3%B3bada" title="Abóbada - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abóbada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%27aqchi" title="P&#039;aqchi - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="P&#039;aqchi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolt%C4%83_(arhitectur%C4%83)" title="Boltă (arhitectură) - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Boltă (arhitectură)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Свод - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Свод" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svod" title="Svod - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Svod" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vault_(architecture)" title="Vault (architecture) - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vault (architecture)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klenba" title="Klenba - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Klenba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obok" title="Obok - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Obok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qemeri" title="Qemeri - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qemeri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Свод - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Свод" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valv" title="Valv - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valv" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Volta&amp;printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d&#039;aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vaults" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189771" title="Enllaç a l&#039;element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34261971">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{width:100%;border-color:#77ccff;color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#f5f5f5;margin-bottom:1em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="hatnote" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 25px; vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/22px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/33px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/44px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </td> <td>Per a altres significats, vegeu «<a href="/wiki/Volta_(desambiguaci%C3%B3)" class="mw-disambig" title="Volta (desambiguació)">Volta (desambiguació)</a>». </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Barcelona_santa_maria_mar_vaults.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Barcelona_santa_maria_mar_vaults.jpg/220px-Barcelona_santa_maria_mar_vaults.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Barcelona_santa_maria_mar_vaults.jpg/330px-Barcelona_santa_maria_mar_vaults.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Barcelona_santa_maria_mar_vaults.jpg/440px-Barcelona_santa_maria_mar_vaults.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Voltes gòtiques a l'<a href="/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_(arquitectura)" title="Església (arquitectura)">església</a> de <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Mar" title="Santa Maria del Mar">Santa Maria del Mar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>volta</b> és una estructura arquitectònica pròpia per a cobrir espais o recintes. La seva geometria pot ser amb simple o amb doble <a href="/wiki/Curvatura" title="Curvatura">curvatura</a>. Els materials de construcció poden ser: cairons formant <a href="/wiki/Dovelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Dovelles">dovelles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedra" title="Pedra">pedra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Totxo" title="Totxo">totxos</a> o <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%B3_(construcci%C3%B3)" title="Maó (construcció)">maons</a>, amb un material aglomerant o <a href="/wiki/Morter" title="Morter">morter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RBA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>En la <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_l%27arquitectura" title="Història de l&#39;arquitectura">història de l'arquitectura</a> les voltes tingueren un paper preeminent que han perdut amb la generalització de les tècniques i materials de construcció moderns: primer el <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a> i després el <a href="/wiki/Formig%C3%B3_armat" title="Formigó armat">formigó armat</a>. </p><p>Els tipus més coneguts de voltes són: </p> <ul><li>La <b><a href="/wiki/Volta_de_can%C3%B3" title="Volta de canó">volta de canó</a></b> de forma cilíndrica (simple curvatura), emprada en l'<a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_Romana" class="mw-redirect" title="Arquitectura Romana">arquitectura romana</a> i <a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_rom%C3%A0nica" title="Arquitectura romànica">romànica</a>.</li> <li>La <b>volta de quart de canó</b>: les <a href="/wiki/Tribuna" title="Tribuna">tribunes</a> són freqüents en les esglésies de peregrinació amb la finalitat d'augmentar la seva capacitat. Les voltes que cobreixen aquestes tribunes són les voltes de quart de canó i tenen com a funció passar l'empenta de la nau central cap a l'exterior. Les obertures d'aquestes sobre la nau central es denomina <a href="/wiki/Trifori" title="Trifori">trifori</a>.</li> <li>La <b><a href="/wiki/Volta_d%27aresta" title="Volta d&#39;aresta">volta d'aresta</a></b>, formada per la intersecció de dos voltes de canó o cilíndriques.</li> <li>La <b><a href="/wiki/Volta_de_creueria" title="Volta de creueria">volta de creueria</a></b>: en l'<a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_g%C3%B2tica" title="Arquitectura gòtica">arquitectura gòtica</a>, les voltes per aresta es formen per la intersecció de <b>voltes apuntades</b> o <b>ogivals</b>, és a dir, la <a href="/wiki/Directriu" title="Directriu">directriu</a> de cada volta són sengles arcs apuntats en el bell mig de la volta o <a href="/wiki/Generatriu" title="Generatriu">generatriu</a> més alta.</li> <li>La <b><a href="/wiki/C%C3%BApula" title="Cúpula">cúpula</a> o volta esfèrica</b> (doble curvatura) és una <a href="/wiki/Esfera" title="Esfera">esfera</a> per l'interior. Fou emprada en l'<a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_romana_d%27Orient" title="Arquitectura romana d&#39;Orient">Arquitectura romana d'Orient</a> i del <a href="/wiki/Renaixement" title="Renaixement">Renaixement</a>.</li> <li>La <b><a href="/wiki/Volta_de_quadrant_d%27esfera" title="Volta de quadrant d&#39;esfera">volta de quadrant d'esfera</a></b> o <b>de racó de forn</b> és la formada per un quart d'esfera. Sol utilitzar-se per cobrir <a href="/wiki/Absis" title="Absis">absis</a> i <a href="/wiki/Absidiola" title="Absidiola">absidioles</a></li> <li>La <b><a href="/wiki/Volta_de_quatre_punts" class="mw-redirect" title="Volta de quatre punts">volta de quatre punts</a></b> o <b>volta falsa vaïda</b> (doble curvatura) és formada per una generatriu corba, generalment un arc rebaixat, que es desplaça paral·lelament a ell mateix recolzant-se sobre una directriu també corba, generalment altre arc rebaixat, mantenint el seu pla en la mateixa orientació.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>La <b><a href="/wiki/Volta_catalana" title="Volta catalana">volta catalana</a></b> o <b>de maó de pla</b> es realitza disposant els maons per la part plana, és a dir, per la cara de superfície més gran formada pel llarg i el través del maó, la qual cosa fa que sigui molt més lleugera que les voltes construïdes amb altres mètodes o sistemes constructius. Els tipus més corrents són, geomètricament, voltes cilíndriques amb l'arc directriu rebaixat, o una voltes de quatre punts amb arc generatriu i l'arc directriu rebaixats.</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificació_en_funció_de_la_seva_forma"><span id="Classificaci.C3.B3_en_funci.C3.B3_de_la_seva_forma"></span>Classificació en funció de la seva forma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Classificació en funció de la seva forma"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simples">Simples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Simples"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Volta plana</b>, que està definida per una o més superfícies planes encara que constructiva i mecànicament es comporten de forma anàloga a les quals tenen directriu corba.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Volta cilíndrica</b>. És la qual normalment es denomina «de canó». Té gran senzillesa i resulta del desplaçament d'un arc directriu al llac d'un eix horitzontal que passa pel centre de la línia d'arrencada i cobreix un espai de planta rectangular. Si l'eix és oblic es denomina «de canó oblic», i si l'eix és corb es denomina «torica». Les arrencades de la volta cilíndrica descansen sobre murs paral·lels als quals transmet càrregues i en ser aquestes inclinades, generen embranzides que són contrarestats amb contraforts amatents en els murs amb regularitat d'intervals. En cada plànol format per aquests contraforts s'executa un arc fajó realitzat en material de major qualitat, per a evitar que l'element treballi a flexió, que seria un fet no desitjable.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Volta cònica</b>. La seva superfície ve engendrada per una recta que passa per un punt fix i es recolza en els infinits punts d'una corba directriu, podent ser d'eix horitzontal (denominades «de trompa»), o bé d'eix vertical (pròpiament, les «còniques»)</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Volta de revolució</b> o <b>doble curvatura</b>. Sota la denominació de cúpules, són el resultat de la rotació al voltant d'un eix vertical d'una porció d'arc que genera una superfície de doble curvatura, una en sentit horitzontal i altra en vertical. En funció de la curvatura es diferencien en esfèriques (girant un arc de mig punt engendrant mitja esfera), les apuntades (si triem un arc apuntat com generatriu) i les rebaixades (si l'arc que prenem és rebaixat).</li></ul> <p>Sota la denominació de «cúpula» o «de revolució» també es troben: </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Haengekuppel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Haengekuppel.png/120px-Haengekuppel.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Haengekuppel.png 1.5x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="127" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Volta_bufada" title="Volta bufada">Volta bufada</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Volta bufada</b>, també anomenada <b>de vela</b> o <b>de mocador</b>. És aquella que s'obté per la intersecció d'una cúpula esfèrica amb els quatre plans verticals que delimiten la planta quadrada inscrita en la circumferència base de la cúpula. Les càrregues es transmeten des de la superfície cap a quatre suports aïllats. És apropiada per cobrir espais quadrats.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Volta segmental</b> o <b>de petxina</b>. Formen un triangle esfèric que serveix per al suport de l'anell de base de la cúpula, actuant d'enllaç entre aquest i els arcs torals que la suporten.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compostes">Compostes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Compostes"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Són les engendrades per la intersecció i barreja de diverses simples, estant l'intradós format per diferents superfícies. Les més importants són les resultants de la intersecció de dues voltes de canó. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Volta_d%27aresta" title="Volta d&#39;aresta">Volta d'aresta</a></b>. La intersecció origina l'agrupació de quatre llunetes apareixent quatre arcs frontals i dues arestes diagonals que es manifesten al seu intradós, descansant sobre quatre suports aïllats per on fluïxen les càrregues.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Volta de racó de claustre</b>. La intersecció de dos canons provoca l'aparició de quatre témpans, manifestant-se les arestes a l'<a href="/wiki/Extrad%C3%B3s" title="Extradós">extradós</a> de la volta. Es recolza en la línia d'arrencada perimetral que defineix la base, quadrada o rectangular, segons siguin les voltes iguals o diferents. Les càrregues que recauen en les superfícies dels témpans es llisquen fins a la base i es transmeten als murs.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RBA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RBA_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <i>Diccionario de Arte I</i>.&#32; Barcelona:&#32;Spes Editorial SL (RBA),&#32;2003,&#32;p.71. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-8332-390-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-8332-390-7">ISBN 84-8332-390-7</a></span>&#32;[Consulta: 23 novembre 2014].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Diccionario+de+Arte+I&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.pub=Spes+Editorial+SL+%28RBA%29&amp;rft.place=Barcelona&amp;rft.pages=p.71&amp;rft.isbn=84-8332-390-7"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <i>Diccionari manual de la construcció</i>. 1a edició.&#32; Barcelona:&#32;<a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Tecnologia_de_la_Construcci%C3%B3_de_Catalunya" title="Institut de Tecnologia de la Construcció de Catalunya">Institut de Tecnologia de la Construcció de Catalunya</a> (ITEC),&#32;1986. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-85954-32-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-85954-32-7">ISBN 84-85954-32-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Diccionari+manual+de+la+construcci%C3%B3&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.edition=1a+edici%C3%B3&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BInstitut+de+Tecnologia+de+la+Construcci%C3%B3+de+Catalunya%5D%5D+%28ITEC%29&amp;rft.place=Barcelona&amp;rft.isbn=84-85954-32-7"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vaults" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vaults">Volta</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.codigotecnico.org">«<i>El código técnico de la edificación </i>»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518063751/https://www.codigotecnico.org/">Arxivat</a> 2021-05-18 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En castellà">(castellà)</span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mena_d&amp;#039;arcs_arquitectònics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D9B2FF;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Mena_d%27arcs_arquitect%C3%B2nics" title="Plantilla:Mena d&#39;arcs arquitectònics"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Mena_d&amp;#039;arcs_arquitectònics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mena d'<a href="/wiki/Arc_(arquitectura)" title="Arc (arquitectura)">arcs arquitectònics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#edd9ff;">Tipus</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arc_apuntat" title="Arc apuntat">Arc apuntat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_mig_punt" title="Arc de mig punt">Arc de mig punt</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_ferradura" title="Arc de ferradura">Arc de ferradura</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_escarser" title="Arc escarser">Arc escarser</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_carpanell" title="Arc carpanell">Arc carpanell</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_Tudor" title="Arc Tudor">Arc Tudor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_conopial" title="Arc conopial">Arc conopial</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_mixtilini" title="Arc mixtilini">Arc mixtilini</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_esbiaixat" title="Arc esbiaixat">Arc esbiaixat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_atrompetat" title="Arc atrompetat">Arc atrompetat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_diafragma" title="Arc diafragma">Arc diafragma</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_former" title="Arc former">Arc former</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_cec" title="Arc cec">Arc cec</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_toral" title="Arc toral">Arc toral</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_tercelet" title="Arc tercelet">Arc tercelet</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_formeret" title="Arc formeret">Arc formeret</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#edd9ff;">Conceptes i tècniques</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arcbotant" title="Arcbotant">Arcbotant</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arquivolta" title="Arquivolta">Arquivolta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arrab%C3%A0" title="Arrabà">Arrabà</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Carcanyol" title="Carcanyol">Carcanyol</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Volta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8nsula" title="Mènsula">Mènsula</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Cintra" title="Cintra">Cintra</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Extrad%C3%B3s" title="Extradós">Extradós</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arcada" title="Arcada">Arcada</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Intrad%C3%B3s" title="Intradós">Sotavolta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_desc%C3%A0rrega" title="Arc de descàrrega">Arc de descàrrega</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Imposta" title="Imposta">Imposta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Dovella" title="Dovella">Dovella</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Voltes" style="&quot;font-size:100%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D9B2FF"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Voltes" title="Plantilla:Voltes"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Voltes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Voltes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:100%;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Volta_angevina" title="Volta angevina">Volta angevina</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Volta_apuntada" title="Volta apuntada">Volta apuntada</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Volta_bufada" title="Volta bufada">Volta bufada</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Volta_catalana" title="Volta catalana">Volta catalana</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Volta_de_creueria" title="Volta de creueria">Volta de creueria</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Volta_d%27aresta" title="Volta d&#39;aresta">Volta d'aresta</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Volta_de_can%C3%B3" title="Volta de canó">Volta de canó</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Volta_de_quadrant_d%27esfera" title="Volta de quadrant d&#39;esfera">Volta de quadrant d'esfera</a> &#160;&#8226; <a 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