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Syria – Wikipedia

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property="og:title" content="Syria – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//nn.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Endre" href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nn)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//nn.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nn"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-kjelde" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siste_endringar&amp;feed=atom"> <link 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class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hovudmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hovudmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hovudside" title="Gå til hovudsida [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hovudside</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbeidskontoret" title="Om prosjektet, kva du kan gjera, kvar du finn saker og ting"><span>Arbeidskontoret</span></a></li><li id="n-samfunnshuset" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Samfunnshuset"><span>Samfunnshuset</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringar" title="Liste over dei siste endringane som er gjorde på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig_side" title="Vis ei tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Innhald" title="Hjelp til å bruke alle funksjonane."><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-query" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-query emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eksterne søk </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Syria_-_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q858" title="Lenkje til tilknytt element [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hovudside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="det frie oppslagsverket" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nn.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk gjennom Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk gjennom Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlege verktøy"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsjånad"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utsjånad" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utsjånad</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_nn.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=nn" class=""><span>Gåver</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&amp;returnto=Syria" title="Me oppfordrar til at du oppretter ein konto og loggar inn, men det er ikkje påkravd." class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&amp;returnto=Syria" title="Det er ikkje obligatorisk å logga inn, men medfører mange fordelar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fleire val" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlege verktøy" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlege verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_nn.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=nn"><span>Gåver</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&amp;returnto=Syria" title="Me oppfordrar til at du oppretter ein konto og loggar inn, men det er ikkje påkravd."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&amp;returnto=Syria" title="Det er ikkje obligatorisk å logga inn, men medfører mange fordelar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Den_eldre_antikken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Den_eldre_antikken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Den eldre antikken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Den_eldre_antikken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eblaittar_og_amorittar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eblaittar_og_amorittar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Eblaittar og amorittar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eblaittar_og_amorittar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aramearar_og_fønikiarar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aramearar_og_fønikiarar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Aramearar og fønikiarar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aramearar_og_fønikiarar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antikken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antikken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Antikken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antikken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mellomalderen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mellomalderen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Mellomalderen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mellomalderen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Islamsk_Syria_(al-Sham)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamsk_Syria_(al-Sham)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Islamsk Syria (al-Sham)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamsk_Syria_(al-Sham)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Krossfararar,_ajjubidane_og_mamelukkane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Krossfararar,_ajjubidane_og_mamelukkane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Krossfararar, ajjubidane og mamelukkane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Krossfararar,_ajjubidane_og_mamelukkane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osmanske_Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osmanske_Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Osmanske Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osmanske_Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fransk_mandat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fransk_mandat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Fransk mandat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fransk_mandat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Den_sjølvstendige_republikken_Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Den_sjølvstendige_republikken_Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Den sjølvstendige republikken Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Den_sjølvstendige_republikken_Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ba&#039;athist-Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ba&#039;athist-Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Ba'athist-Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ba&#039;athist-Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Klima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politikk_og_styre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politikk_og_styre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politikk og styre</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politikk_og_styre-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Politikk og styre</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politikk_og_styre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Menneskerettar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menneskerettar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Menneskerettar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menneskerettar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forsvaret" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forsvaret"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Forsvaret</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forsvaret-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utanrikspolitikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utanrikspolitikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Utanrikspolitikk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utanrikspolitikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrativ_inndeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrativ_inndeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Administrativ inndeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrativ_inndeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internett_og_telekommunikasjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internett_og_telekommunikasjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Internett og telekommunikasjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internett_og_telekommunikasjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Økonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Økonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Økonomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Økonomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Økonomi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Økonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Petroleumsindustri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petroleumsindustri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Petroleumsindustri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petroleumsindustri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samferdsle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samferdsle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Samferdsle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samferdsle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Demografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etniske_grupper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etniske_grupper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Etniske grupper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etniske_grupper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Språk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Språk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Språk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Språk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Største_byar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Største_byar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Største byar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Største_byar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kultur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Kultur</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Populærkultur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Populærkultur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Populærkultur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Populærkultur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idrett" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idrett"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Idrett</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idrett-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Mat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utdanning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utdanning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Utdanning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utdanning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Helse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Syria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 256 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-256" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">256 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriyah" title="Suriyah – achinesisk" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Suriyah" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Шам – kabardisk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Шам" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Сирие – adygeisk" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Сирие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri%C3%AB" title="Sirië – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sirië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B6%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ሶሪያ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሶሪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syyria" title="Syyria – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Syyria" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – gammalengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammalengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Шьамтәыла – abkhasisk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Шьамтәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhasisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سوريا – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سوريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A3%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܣܘܪܝܐ – arameisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܣܘܪܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սուրիա – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սուրիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – arpitansk" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ছিৰিয়া – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ছিৰিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Síria" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Шам – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Шам" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Suriya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="سوریه – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوریه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Suriya" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="সিরিয়া – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-l%C4%AB-a" title="Su-lī-a – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Su-lī-a" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D3%99" title="Сүриә – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сүриә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Сірыя – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сірыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Сырыя – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сырыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirya" title="Sirya – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sirya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="སི་རི་ཡ། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སི་རི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sirija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сири – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сири" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Síria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сири – tsjuvansk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сири" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDrie" title="Sýrie – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sýrie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سوريا – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سوريا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%AB%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7" title="ސޫރިޔާ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސޫރިޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%CA%BCa%CA%BCaahj%C3%AD_%C3%81s%C3%A1%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Haʼaʼaahjí Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Haʼaʼaahjí Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriska" title="Syriska – lågsorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Syriska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lågsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCria" title="Süüria – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Süüria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Συρία – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirio" title="Sirio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sirio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="سوریه – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوریه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_(des)" title="Syria (des) – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Syria (des)" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDria" title="Sýria – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sýria" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrie" title="Syrie – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Syrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrje" title="Syrje – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Syrje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya – fulfulde" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Suriya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulfulde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSiria" title="An tSiria – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSiria" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Teer" title="Yn Teer – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Teer" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siriya" title="Siriya – gagausisk" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Siriya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagausisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="سۊريه – gileki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سۊريه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gileki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="સિરિયા – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સિરિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰 – gotisk" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – goansk konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="goansk konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si-li-%C3%A2" title="Si-li-â – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Si-li-â" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="시리아 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siriya" title="Siriya – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Siriya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suria" title="Suria – hawaiisk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Suria" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սիրիա – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիրիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriska" title="Syriska – høgsorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Syriska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høgsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sirija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="সিরিয়া – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="সিরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сири – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сири" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDrland" title="Sýrland – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sýrland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="סוריה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirii" title="Siirii – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Siirii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ಸಿರಿಯಾ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿರಿಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სირია – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სირია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85_(%D9%85%D9%8F%D9%84%DA%A9)" title="شام (مُلک) – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="شام (مُلک)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syr%C3%ABj%C3%B4" title="Syrëjô – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Syrëjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri" title="Syri – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Syri" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siriya" title="Siriya – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Siriya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri" title="Siri – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Siri" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri" title="Siri – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Siri" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BBr%C3%AE" title="Sûrî – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sûrî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surya" title="Surya – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Surya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABrija" title="Sīrija – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sīrija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sirija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciria" title="Sciria – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Sciria" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Syrië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%C3%AD" title="Sirí – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Sirí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suria" title="Suria – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Suria" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirii" title="Sirii – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Sirii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sixygu%27e" title="sixygu&#039;e – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sixygu&#039;e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%ADria" title="Szíria – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szíria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – maduresisk" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="maduresisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Сирија – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сирија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – madagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="സിറിയ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിറിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirja" title="Sirja – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Sirja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiria" title="Hiria – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hiria" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सीरिया – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सीरिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სირია – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სირია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سوريا – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سوريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="سوریه – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سوریه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AA%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3-l%C3%A9-%C4%81" title="Sê̤ṳ-lé-ā – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sê̤ṳ-lé-ā" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Síria" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сири – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сири" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဆီးရီးယားနိုင်ငံ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆီးရီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Syrië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië – lågsaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Syrië" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सिरिया – nepalsk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सिरिया – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सिरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="シリア – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Шема – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шема" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siriya" title="Siriya – pitkairnsk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Siriya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="pitkairnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Сирий – austmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сирий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="austmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ସିରିଆ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସିରିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siiriyaa" title="Siiriyaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Siiriyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suriya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਸੀਰੀਆ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੀਰੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सिरिया – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="सिरिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" title="شام – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="سوريه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سوريه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="ស៊ីរី – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស៊ីរី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirie" title="Sirie – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Sirie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien – lågtysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Syrien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Συρία – pontisk" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Συρία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Síria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siriya" title="Siriya – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Siriya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriye" title="Suriye – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Suriye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirya" title="Sirya – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sirya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suria" title="Suria – samoansk" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Suria" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सिरिया – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सिरिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ACria" title="Sìria – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sìria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrie" title="Syrie – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Syrie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="සිරියාව – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සිරියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" title="شام – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISiriya" title="ISiriya – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="ISiriya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDria" title="Sýria – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sýria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sirija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%B7%D1%80%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Сѷрїꙗ – kyrkjeslavisk" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Сѷрїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kyrkjeslavisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syryjo" title="Syryjo – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Syryjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suuriya" title="Suuriya – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Suuriya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سووریا – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سووریا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syirikondre" title="Syirikondre – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Syirikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Сирија – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сирија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sirija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="tilrådd artikkel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syyria" title="Syyria – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Syyria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="சிரியா – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surya" title="Surya – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Surya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сүрия – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сүрия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းသီးရီးယႃး – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းသီးရီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="సిరియా – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సిరియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Síria" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศซีเรีย – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศซีเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%AB" title="ሱርያ – tigrinja" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሱርያ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сурия – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сурия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silia" title="Silia – tongansk" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Silia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriye" title="Suriye – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Suriye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri%C3%BDa" title="Siriýa – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Siriýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Suriya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Сирия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%96" title="ᨔᨘᨑᨗᨕᨖ – buginesisk" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨔᨘᨑᨗᨕᨖ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buginesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сирія – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сирія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="سوریہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="سۇرىيە – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۇرىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliya" title="Siliya – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Siliya" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ACria" title="Sìria – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sìria" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirii" title="Sirii – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sirii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCriy%C3%A4n" title="Süriyän – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Süriyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCri%C3%A4" title="Süüriä – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Süüriä" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sireye" title="Sireye – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sireye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="敘利亞 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="敘利亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Syrië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirya" title="Sirya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sirya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri" title="Siri – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Siri" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="叙利亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Syria" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="סיריע – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סיריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADr%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Síríà – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Síríà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="敘利亞 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="敘利亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Suriya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Syrië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%97r%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Sėrėjė – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sėrėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="叙利亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siria" title="Siria – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Siria" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Suriah" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%94%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%95%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B0" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥔᥤᥰ ᥘᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ – tai nüa" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥔᥤᥰ ᥘᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="tai nüa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surij%C9%99" title="Surijə – talysj" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Surijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰ – standard marokkansk tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standard marokkansk tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q858#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innhaldssida (sida finst ikkje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Endre språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk nynorsk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Syria"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=history" title="Eldre versjonar av sida [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlingar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Syria"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=history"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ålment </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenkjer_hit/Syria" title="Liste over alle wikisidene som har lenkjer hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenkjer hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringar/Syria" rel="nofollow" title="Nylege endringar på sider denne sida lenkjar til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nn" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;oldid=3439047" title="Fast lenkje til denne versjonen av sida"><span>Fast lenkje</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=info" title="Meir informasjon om sida"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siter&amp;page=Syria&amp;id=3439047&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om korleis ein siterer denne sida"><span>Siter denne sida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSyria"><span>Hent kort URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSyria"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Bok&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Syria"><span>Opprett ei bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Syria&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;printable=yes" title="Utskriftsversjon av sida [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsversjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsjånad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utsjånad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gøym</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geografiske_koordinatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geografiske koordinatar">Koordinatar</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3539874">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Syria&amp;params=34_N_38_E_type:country_region:SY"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°N</span> <span class="longitude">38°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34°N 38°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">34; 38</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><div align="right"><span class="noprint plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:smaller;">[<a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mal:Fakta_om_Syria&amp;action=edit">endre</a>]</span></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3539874">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Syria&amp;params=34_N_38_E_type:country_region:SY"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°N</span> <span class="longitude">38°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34°N 38°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">34; 38</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <table class="infoboks geografi infobox" style="width:46ex; margin-top:0.75em;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="mergedrow" colspan="2"><span style="font-size: larger;">الجمهوريّة العربيّة السّوريّة<br />Al Jumhuriyat ul Arabiyat us Suriya<br />(Den arabiske republikken Syria)</span> <p><span style="font-weight: lighter;">(norsk: Syria, syrisk)</span> </p> </th></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td align="center" colspan="2"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"> <table style="width: 23em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="vertical-align: middle; align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_(1958%E2%80%931971).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Det syriske flagget"><img alt="Det syriske flagget" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle; align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Coat_of_arms_of_Syria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Det syriske riksvåpenet"><img alt="Det syriske riksvåpenet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="625" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syriske_flagget&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syriske flagget (sida finst ikkje)">Flagg</a></small> </td> <td><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syriske_riksv%C3%A5penet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syriske riksvåpenet (sida finst ikkje)">Riksvåpen</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; color:black;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Sy-map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Geografisk plassering av Syria"><img alt="Geografisk plassering av Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sy-map.png/250px-Sy-map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Sy-map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hovudstad" title="Hovudstad">Hovudstad</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Styresett" title="Styresett">Styresett</a></b> <br /> <div style="text-align: right">President<br />Statsminister</div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">Sosialistisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-disambig" title="Arabia">arabisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Republikk" title="Republikk">republikk</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wael_Nader_al-Halqi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wael Nader al-Halqi (sida finst ikkje)">Wael Nader al-Halqi</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Verdas_land_etter_flatevidd" title="Verdas land etter flatevidd">Flatevidd</a></b> <br /> &#160;– Totalt </td> <td>&#160;<br />185&#160;180 km² (<a href="/wiki/Verdas_land_etter_flatevidd" title="Verdas land etter flatevidd">88.</a>) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Verdas_land_etter_folketal" title="Verdas land etter folketal">Folketal</a></b> <br /> &#160;– Estimert (2017) <br /> &#160;– Tettleik </td> <td>&#160;<br />18&#160;028&#160;549 (<a href="/wiki/Verdas_land_etter_folketal" title="Verdas land etter folketal">64.</a>) <br /> 97,4&#160;/km² </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b>Sjølvstende</b> <br /> frå <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a> </td> <td valign="bottom">Erklært <a href="/wiki/1._januar" title="1. januar">1. januar</a> <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a><br />Anerkjent <a href="/wiki/7._april" title="7. april">7. april</a>, <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nasjonaldag" title="Nasjonaldag">Nasjonaldag</a></b> </td> <td>17. april </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bruttonasjonalprodukt" title="Bruttonasjonalprodukt">BNP</a></b> <br /> &#160;– Totalt (2014) <br /> &#160;– Per innbyggjar </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">&#160;<br />55 800 <a href="/wiki/Million" title="Million">mill.</a> <a href="/wiki/USA-amerikansk_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-amerikansk dollar">USD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Verdas_land_etter_bruttonasjonalprodukt" title="Verdas land etter bruttonasjonalprodukt">103.</a>) <br /> 5 400 <a href="/wiki/US_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="US dollar">USD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Verdas_land_etter_bruttonasjonalprodukt_per_innbyggjar" title="Verdas land etter bruttonasjonalprodukt per innbyggjar">138.</a>) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta">Valuta</a></b> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syriske_pund&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syriske pund (sida finst ikkje)">Syriske pund</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tidssone" title="Tidssone">Tidssone</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a> (UTC+2) <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Den arabiske republikken Syria</b> eller berre <b>Syria</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">arabisk</a> سوريا eller <a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">arabisk</a> سورية, <i>Sūriyā</i> eller <i>Sūrīyah</i>) er ein <a href="/wiki/Stat" title="Stat">stat</a> i <a href="/wiki/Midtausten" title="Midtausten">Midtausten</a>. Landet grensar til <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a> og <a href="/wiki/Middelhavet" title="Middelhavet">Middelhavet</a> i vest, <a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a> i nord, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> i aust, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> i sør og <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> i sørvest. Grensene med Israel (<a href="/wiki/Golanh%C3%B8gdene" title="Golanhøgdene">Golanhøgdene</a>) og Tyrkia (<a href="/wiki/Iskenderun" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskenderun">Iskenderun</a>) er omstridde. Hovudstad er <a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a> og er av dei eldste permanent busette byane i verda.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Landet består av frodige sletter, høge fjell og ørkenar, og er heimstad for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografi_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografi i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">mangfaldige etniske og religiøse grupper</a>, som <a href="/wiki/Alawittar" title="Alawittar">alawittar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">sunni</a>- og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabiske_kristne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabiske kristne (sida finst ikkje)">kristne</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabarar" title="Arabarar">arabarar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenarar" title="Armenarar">armenarar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrarar" title="Assyrarar">assyrarar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drusar" class="mw-redirect" title="Drusar">drusar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdarar" title="Kurdarar">kurdarar</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tyrkarar" title="Tyrkarar">tyrkarar</a>. Sunni-arabarar utgjer den største folkegruppa i Syria. </p><p>Syria var tidlegare synonymt med <a href="/wiki/Levanten" title="Levanten">Levanten</a> (på arabisk kalla <i>al-Sham</i>) medan den moderne staten dekkjer fleire gamle kongedøme og rike, som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebla&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebla (sida finst ikkje)">Ebla</a>-sivilisasjonen på 2000-talet fvt. I den <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamske</a> tida vart <a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a> setet for <a href="/wiki/Umayyade-kalifatet" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyade-kalifatet">Umayyade-kalifatet</a> og ein provinshovudstad i <a href="/wiki/Mamelukk-sultanatet" title="Mamelukk-sultanatet">Mamelukk-sultanatet</a> i <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. </p><p>Den moderne syriske staten vart grunnlagd etter <a href="/wiki/Fyrste_verdskrigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyrste verdskrigen">fyrste verdskrigen</a> som <a href="/wiki/Mandatomr%C3%A5det_i_Libanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandatområdet i Libanon">det franske mandatområdet</a>, og var den største arabiske staten som kom fram frå det tidlegare <a href="/wiki/Det_osmanske_riket" title="Det osmanske riket">osmansk</a>-styrte arabiske Levanten. Landet fekk sjølvstende i april 1946, som ein <a href="/wiki/Parlamentarisk_republikk" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlamentarisk republikk">parlamentarisk republikk</a>. Perioden etter sjølvstendet var uroleg, og mange <a href="/wiki/Milit%C3%A6rkupp" class="mw-redirect" title="Militærkupp">militærkupp</a> og kuppforsøk herja landet i perioden 1949–1971. Mellom 1958 og 1961 gjekk Syria inn i ein kortvarig <a href="/wiki/Den_sameinte_arabiske_republikken" title="Den sameinte arabiske republikken">union med Egypt</a>, som enda med eit militærkupp. Frå 1963 til 2011 var det unntakstilstand i landet, innbyggjarane var utan alt av rettsleg vern, og styreforma vert rekna som ikkje-demokratisk.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> har vore president sidan 2000 og tok over etter far sin, <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a>, som var president frå 1970 til 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Sturdy_House_That_Assad_Built_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Sturdy_House_That_Assad_Built-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Syria er berre medlem av ein internasjonal organisasjon utanom <a href="/wiki/Dei_sameinte_nasjonane" title="Dei sameinte nasjonane">Dei sameinte nasjonane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organisasjonen_av_alliansefrie_nasjonar" title="Organisasjonen av alliansefrie nasjonar">Organisasjonen av alliansefrie nasjonar</a>, og er for tida suspendert frå <a href="/wiki/Den_arabiske_ligaen" title="Den arabiske ligaen">Den arabiske ligaen</a><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_Den_arabiske_ligaen_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Den_arabiske_ligaen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisasjonen_for_islamsk_samarbeid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisasjonen for islamsk samarbeid (sida finst ikkje)">Organisasjonen for islamsk samarbeid</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_OIC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_OIC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og sjølvsuspendert frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unionen_for_Middelhavet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Unionen for Middelhavet (sida finst ikkje)">Unionen for Middelhavet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sidan mars 2011 har Syria vore innvikla i ein <a href="/wiki/Den_syriske_borgarkrigen" title="Den syriske borgarkrigen">borgarkrig</a> etter ei rekkje opprør (rekna som ein del av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_arabiske_v%C3%A5ren&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den arabiske våren (sida finst ikkje)">den arabiske våren</a>, masserørsla av revolusjonar og protestar i den arabiske verda) mot Assad og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath-partiet_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ba&#39;ath-partiet i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">ny-Ba'athist</a>-styret. Ei alternativ regjering vart danna av opposisjonen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasjonalkoalisjonen_av_syriske_revolusjons-_og_opposisjonskrefter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasjonalkoalisjonen av syriske revolusjons- og opposisjonskrefter (sida finst ikkje)">Nasjonalkoalisjonen av syriske revolusjons- og opposisjonskrefter</a>, i mars 2012. Representantar av denne regjeringa vart invitert til å ta Syria sitt sete i <a href="/wiki/Den_arabiske_ligaen" title="Den arabiske ligaen">Den arabiske ligaen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian.co.uk-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Endre bolk: Etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Etymologi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Namnet «Syria» kjem frå det <a href="/wiki/Gammalgresk" class="mw-redirect" title="Gammalgresk">gammalgreske</a> namnet for syrarar, <i>Sýrioi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Gresk_skrift" class="mw-redirect" title="Gresk skrift">gresk skrift</a> Σύριοι) eller <i>Sýroi</i> (Σύροι), som grekarane nytta om <a href="/wiki/Assyrarar" title="Assyrarar">assyrarar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Fleire moderne forskarar hevdar at det greske ordet som er knytt til det kognate greske Ἀσσυρία, <i><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a></i>, opphavleg kom frå det <a href="/wiki/Akkadisk" title="Akkadisk">akkadiske</a> <i>Aššur</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Andre meinte at det kom frå <i>Siryon</i>, namnet som folk frå <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a> gav <a href="/wiki/Hermon" title="Hermon">Hermon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Då ein oppdaga <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87inek%C3%B6y-inskripsjonen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Çineköy-inskripsjonen (sida finst ikkje)">Çineköy-inskripsjonen</a> i 2000 verka dette å støtte at omgrepet «Syria» kjem frå <i>Assyria</i>, som oppstod i nordlege delar av dagens <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>. </p><p>Området som ordet har omfatta har endra seg med tida. I antikken låg Syria i austenden av Middelhavet, mellom <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-disambig" title="Arabia">Arabia</a> i sør og <a href="/wiki/Vesleasia" title="Vesleasia">Vesleasia</a> i nord, og strekte seg innover til delar av Irak, og hadde ei uviss grense i nordaust og <a href="/wiki/Plinius_den_eldre" title="Plinius den eldre">Plinius den eldre</a> skildrar området frå vest til aust som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kommagene&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kommagene (sida finst ikkje)">Kommagene</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sofene&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sofene (sida finst ikkje)">Sofene</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiabene&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adiabene (sida finst ikkje)">Adiabene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>På Plinius si tid hadde dette store Syria blitt delt inn i fleire provinsar under <a href="/wiki/Romarriket" title="Romarriket">Romarriket</a> (politisk sjølvstendige frå kvarandre): <a href="/wiki/Iudaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Iudaea">Iudaea</a>, seinare omdøypt <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> i 135 evt. (området som svarar til dagens Israel, det palestinske området og Jordan) heilt i sørvest, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8nikia" title="Fønikia">Fønikia</a> som svarar til Libanon, med Damascena til det indre av Fønikia, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koilesyria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koilesyria (sida finst ikkje)">Koilesyria</a> sør for <a href="/wiki/An_Nahr_al_Kabir" class="mw-redirect" title="An Nahr al Kabir">Eleutheris-elva</a> og Irak.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Endre bolk: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Den_eldre_antikken">Den eldre antikken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Endre bolk: Den eldre antikken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Den eldre antikken"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:FemaleFigurineSyria5000BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/FemaleFigurineSyria5000BCE.jpg/170px-FemaleFigurineSyria5000BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/FemaleFigurineSyria5000BCE.jpg/255px-FemaleFigurineSyria5000BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/FemaleFigurineSyria5000BCE.jpg/340px-FemaleFigurineSyria5000BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption>Kvinneleg figur i Syria, 5000 fvt. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_antikke_orientmuseet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det antikke orientmuseet (sida finst ikkje)">Det antikke orientmuseet</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Antakya_Arkeoloji_Muzesi_1250344_nevit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Antakya_Arkeoloji_Muzesi_1250344_nevit.jpg/170px-Antakya_Arkeoloji_Muzesi_1250344_nevit.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Antakya_Arkeoloji_Muzesi_1250344_nevit.jpg/255px-Antakya_Arkeoloji_Muzesi_1250344_nevit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Antakya_Arkeoloji_Muzesi_1250344_nevit.jpg/340px-Antakya_Arkeoloji_Muzesi_1250344_nevit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yarim-Lim_I&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yarim-Lim I (sida finst ikkje)">Yarim-Lim I</a> av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamhad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamhad (sida finst ikkje)">Yamhad</a> var den mektigaste kongen i Levanten.</figcaption></figure> <p>Frå kring 10&#160;000 fvt. var Syria eit av sentera i kulturen i den <a href="/wiki/Yngre_steinalder" title="Yngre steinalder">yngre steinalderen</a>, før-keramikktida, der jordbruk og kvegdrift dukka opp for første gong i historia. Den neste perioden i den yngre steinalderen er representert av rektangulære hus i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mureybet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mureybet (sida finst ikkje)">Mureybet</a>-kulturen. Folk nytta då reiskapar av stein, gips og brent kalk. Funn av reiskapar av <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">obsidian</a> frå <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> er bevis på tidlege handelssamband. Byane <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamoukar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamoukar (sida finst ikkje)">Hamoukar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emar (sida finst ikkje)">Emar</a> spelte ei viktig rolle i den seinare yngre steinalderen og bronsealderen. <a href="/wiki/Arkeolog" title="Arkeolog">Arkeologar</a> har synt at <a href="/wiki/Sivilisasjon" title="Sivilisasjon">sivilisasjonen</a> i Syria var ein av dei eldste på jorda, kanskje berre slått av dei i <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eblaittar_og_amorittar">Eblaittar og amorittar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Endre bolk: Eblaittar og amorittar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eblaittar og amorittar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate seealso"> <dl><dd><i>For meir om dette emnet, sjå <a href="/wiki/Amorittar" title="Amorittar">amorittar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebla&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebla (sida finst ikkje)">Ebla</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamhad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamhad (sida finst ikkje)">Yamhad</a> og <a href="/wiki/Mari_i_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mari i Syria">Mari i Syria</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <p>Den tidlegare registrerte innfødde sivilisasjonen i regionen var <a href="/wiki/Bystat" title="Bystat">bystaten</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebla&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebla (sida finst ikkje)">Ebla</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> nær dagens <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a>, nord i Syria. Ebla vart truleg grunnlagd kring 3000 fvt.,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og bygde gradvis velstanden sin på handel med dei <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamisk">mesopotamiske</a> statane <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> og <a href="/wiki/Akkad" title="Akkad">Akkad</a>, i tillegg til <a href="/wiki/Hurrittar" title="Hurrittar">hurrittar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattiar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hattiar (sida finst ikkje)">hattiar</a> i nordvest, i <a href="/wiki/Vesleasia" title="Vesleasia">Vesleasia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LibraryofCongress_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LibraryofCongress-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Gåver frå <a href="/wiki/Farao" title="Farao">faraoar</a> som er funne under utgravingar, stadfestar at Ebla hadde kontakt med <a href="/wiki/Egypt_i_antikken" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt i antikken">Egypt</a>. Ein av dei tidlegare nedskrivne tekstane frå Syria er ein handelsavtale mellom vesir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrium&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrium (sida finst ikkje)">Ibrium</a> av Ebla og kong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudiya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tudiya (sida finst ikkje)">Tudiya</a> av <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> kring 2250 fvt.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Forskarar trur at <a href="/wiki/Eblaittisk" title="Eblaittisk">språket i Ebla</a> er eit av dei eldste kjende nedskrivne <a href="/wiki/Semittisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Semittisk">semittiske</a> språka etter <a href="/wiki/Akkadisk" title="Akkadisk">akkadisk</a>. Nyare klassifiseringar av eblaittisk har synt at det var eit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Austsemittisk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Austsemittisk (sida finst ikkje)">austsemittisk</a> språk, nært knytt til <a href="/wiki/Akkadisk" title="Akkadisk">akkadisk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> då heile Syria vart ein del av det mesopotamiske <a href="/wiki/Det_akkadiske_riket" title="Det akkadiske riket">Akkadiske riket</a> etter erobringane til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sargon_av_Akkad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sargon av Akkad (sida finst ikkje)">Sargon av Akkad</a> som enda den eblaittiske sivilisasjon kring 2330 fvt. </p><p>Ebla vart gjenoppretta av <a href="/wiki/Kanaanittiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kanaanittiske språk">kanaanittisktalande</a> <a href="/wiki/Amorittar" title="Amorittar">amorittar</a>, som dominerte mykje av Syria frå 2000-talet fvt., sjølv om delar av Syria var okkupert av <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> og <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a> på 1800- og 1700-talet fvt.. Babylonia vart grunnlagde av amorittar frå Syria og Syria vart kalla <i>Landet til Amurru</i> (amorittar) av naboane sine i Assyria og Babylonia. </p><p>Byen <a href="/wiki/Mari_i_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mari i Syria">Mari</a> dukka opp i denne tida og vart ein rival til Ebla før han vart erobra av <a href="/wiki/Hammurabi" title="Hammurabi">Hammurabi</a> av Babylon. <a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a> vart òg grunnlagd på denne tida, kring 1800 fvt., i nærleiken av dagens <a href="/wiki/Latakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Latakia">Latakia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ugarittisk" title="Ugarittisk">Ugarittisk</a> var eit semittisk språk som var laust knytt til kanaanittiske språk, og utvika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugarittisk_skrift&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugarittisk skrift (sida finst ikkje)">ugarittisk skrift</a>, det første alfabetet i historia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Det ugarittiske kongedømet overlevde fram til det vart øydelagd av plyndrande indoeuropeiske <a href="/w/index.php?title=Havfolka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Havfolka (sida finst ikkje)">havfolk</a> på 1100-talet fvt. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamhad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamhad (sida finst ikkje)">Yamhad</a> (dagens <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>) vart skildra i tavlene frå Mari som den mektigaste staten i det nære austen og skal ha hatt fleire vasallar enn Hammurabi av Babylon.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Yamhad dominerte nord i Syria i to hundreår,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og tok makta over <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alalakh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alalakh (sida finst ikkje)">Alalakh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qatna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Qatna (sida finst ikkje)">Qatna</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og Eufratdalen ned til grensa med Babylon,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og hæren til Yamhad drog så langt bort som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_i_Sumer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Der i Sumer (sida finst ikkje)">Dēr</a> ved grensa til <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a> (dagens Iran),<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Yamhad vart erobra og øydelagd i lag med Ebla av <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoeuropeisk">indoeuropeiske</a> <a href="/wiki/Hettittane" title="Hettittane">hettittar</a> frå <a href="/wiki/Vesleasia" title="Vesleasia">Vesleasia</a> kring 1600 fvt.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frå den tida vart Syria ei slagmark for forskjellige utanlandske rike, <a href="/wiki/Hettittane" title="Hettittane">hettittar-riket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mitanni</a>-riket, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_nye_riket_i_Egypt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det nye riket i Egypt (sida finst ikkje)">Det nye riket i Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Det midtassyriske riket</a>, og til ein mindre grad <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a>. Egyptarane okkuperte i starten mykje i sør, medan hettittane, og Mitanni, okkuperte mykje i nord. Assyria fekk etter kvart overtaket, øydela Mitanni-riket, og annekterte dei enorme områda som hettittane og Babylon tidlegare hadde hatt. Mellom 1365 og 1020 fvt. vart Aust-Syria stort sett ein del av Det midtassyriske riket.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> medan det vestlege område vart verande ein del av riket til hettittane fram til det vart øydelagd.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aramearar_og_fønikiarar"><span id="Aramearar_og_f.C3.B8nikiarar"></span>Aramearar og fønikiarar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Endre bolk: Aramearar og fønikiarar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Aramearar og fønikiarar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate seealso"> <dl><dd><i>For meir om dette emnet, sjå <a href="/wiki/Aramearar" title="Aramearar">aramearar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrisk-hettittiske_statar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrisk-hettittiske statar (sida finst ikkje)">syrisk-hettittiske statar</a> og <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8nikia" title="Fønikia">Fønikia</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ramses_IIs_seger_%C3%B6ver_Chetafolket_och_stormningen_av_Dapur,_Nordisk_familjebok.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ramses_IIs_seger_%C3%B6ver_Chetafolket_och_stormningen_av_Dapur%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png/220px-Ramses_IIs_seger_%C3%B6ver_Chetafolket_och_stormningen_av_Dapur%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ramses_IIs_seger_%C3%B6ver_Chetafolket_och_stormningen_av_Dapur%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png/330px-Ramses_IIs_seger_%C3%B6ver_Chetafolket_och_stormningen_av_Dapur%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ramses_IIs_seger_%C3%B6ver_Chetafolket_och_stormningen_av_Dapur%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png/440px-Ramses_IIs_seger_%C3%B6ver_Chetafolket_och_stormningen_av_Dapur%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="1149" /></a><figcaption>Den egyptiske faraoen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rameses_II&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rameses II (sida finst ikkje)">Rameses II</a> stormar den hittitiske festninga i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omleiringa_av_Dapur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Omleiringa av Dapur (sida finst ikkje)">Dapur</a>, 1269 fvt.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Geretteteg%C3%B6tter_l%C3%B6wen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Geretteteg%C3%B6tter_l%C3%B6wen.JPG/220px-Geretteteg%C3%B6tter_l%C3%B6wen.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Geretteteg%C3%B6tter_l%C3%B6wen.JPG/330px-Geretteteg%C3%B6tter_l%C3%B6wen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Geretteteg%C3%B6tter_l%C3%B6wen.JPG/440px-Geretteteg%C3%B6tter_l%C3%B6wen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Relieff frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tel_Halaf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tel Halaf (sida finst ikkje)">Tel Halaf</a> datert til kongedømet til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bit_Bahiani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bit Bahiani (sida finst ikkje)">Bit Bahiani</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kring 1300-talet fvt. dukka forskjellige semittiske folk opp i området, som halvnomadiske <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutearar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutearar (sida finst ikkje)">sutearar</a> som kom i ein konflikt med <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a> i aust, og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestsemittisk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestsemittisk (sida finst ikkje)">vestsemittisk</a>-talande <a href="/wiki/Aramearar" title="Aramearar">aramearar</a> som tok over etter dei tidlegare amorittane. Dei vart òg underlagt Assyria og hettittane i fleire hundreår. Egyptarane kjempa mot hettittane for å få kontroll over det vestlege Syria, og kampane nådde ein topp i 1274 fvt. med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Kadesh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget ved Kadesh (sida finst ikkje)">slaget ved Kadesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Då hettittane var øydelagd og Assyria vart svakare seint på 1000-talet fvt., tok arameiske folk kontroll over dei indre områda, og danna statar som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bit_Bahiani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bit Bahiani (sida finst ikkje)">Bit Bahiani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aram-Damaskus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aram-Damaskus (sida finst ikkje)">Aram-Damaskus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamath&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamath (sida finst ikkje)">Hamath</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aram-Rehob&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aram-Rehob (sida finst ikkje)">Aram-Rehob</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aram-Naharaim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aram-Naharaim (sida finst ikkje)">Aram-Naharaim</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luhuti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Luhuti (sida finst ikkje)">Luhuti</a>. Frå den tida vart regionen kalla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aramea (sida finst ikkje)">Aramea</a> eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aram-regionen_i_Bibelen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aram-regionen i Bibelen (sida finst ikkje)">Aram</a>. Det vart òg ein syntese mellom semittiske aramearar og restane av dei indoeuropeiske <a href="/wiki/Hettittane" title="Hettittane">hettittane</a> då fleire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrisk-hettitisk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrisk-hettitisk (sida finst ikkje)">syrisk-hettitiske</a> statar vart grunnlagde nord i det sentrale Aram (Syria) og sør i det sentrale Vesleasia (dagens Tyrkia) som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karkemisj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karkemisj (sida finst ikkje)">Karkemisj</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam%27al&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam&#39;al (sida finst ikkje)">Sam'al</a>. </p><p>Ei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanaanittiske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanaanittiske (sida finst ikkje)">kanaanittisk</a> gruppe kjend som <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8nikia" title="Fønikia">fønikiarar</a> skulle kome til å dominere kystområda av Syria (og Libanon og det sørvestlege <a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a>) frå 1200-talet fvt., og grunnla bystatar som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Amrit (sida finst ikkje)">Amrit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simyra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simyra (sida finst ikkje)">Simyra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_al-Mulk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab al-Mulk (sida finst ikkje)">Paltos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Latakia">Ramitha</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tell_Sukas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tell Sukas (sida finst ikkje)">Shuksi</a>. Frå desse kystområda dominerte dei etter kvart store delar av <a href="/wiki/Middelhavet" title="Middelhavet">Middelhavet</a>, og bygde koloniar på <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicilia" title="Sicilia">Sicilia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Den_iberiske_halv%C3%B8ya" class="mw-redirect" title="Den iberiske halvøya">Den iberiske halvøya</a> (dagens <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a> og <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>), kysten av <a href="/wiki/Nord-Afrika" title="Nord-Afrika">Nord-Afrika</a>, og viktigast av alt, grunnla den store bystaten <a href="/wiki/Kartago" title="Kartago">Kartago</a> (i dagens <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>) på 800-talet fvt. som seinare vart senter i eit stort rike som kjempa mot <a href="/wiki/Romarriket" title="Romarriket">Romarriket</a>. </p><p>Syria og heile <a href="/wiki/Det_n%C3%A6re_austen" class="mw-redirect" title="Det nære austen">Det nære austen</a> kom så inn under det enorme <a href="/wiki/Det_nyassyriske_riket" title="Det nyassyriske riket">Nyassyriske riket</a> (911 fvt.-605 fvt.). Assyrarane innførte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gammelarameisk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gammelarameisk (sida finst ikkje)">gammelarameisk</a> som <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> i riket sitt. Dette språket vart verande det dominerande i Syria og heile <a href="/wiki/Det_n%C3%A6re_austen" class="mw-redirect" title="Det nære austen">Det nære austen</a> fram til den arabiske <a href="/wiki/Islamsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamsk">islamske</a> erobringa på 600- og 700-talet evt., og var ein reiskap i å spreie <a href="/wiki/Kristendom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristendom">kristendom</a>. Assyrarane kalla koloniane sine i Syria og Libanon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eber-Nari&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eber-Nari (sida finst ikkje)">Eber-Nari</a>. Det assyriske herredømet enda då assyrarane svekka seg sjølv i ei rekkje brutale borgarkrigar etterfølgd av eit samla åtak frå ein koalisjon av dei tidlegare folkegruppene dei rådde over, som <a href="/wiki/Medarar" title="Medarar">medarar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babylonarar" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonarar">babylonarar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaldea" title="Kaldea">kaldearar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persarar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Persarar (sida finst ikkje)">persarar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skytarar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Skytarar (sida finst ikkje)">skytarar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimmeriarar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimmeriarar (sida finst ikkje)">kimmeriarar</a>. Då Assyria fall herja og plyndra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skytarar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Skytarar (sida finst ikkje)">skytarane</a> mykje av Syria. Den siste skansen til den assyriske hæren var ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karkemisj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karkemisj (sida finst ikkje)">Karkemisj</a> nord i Syria i 605 fvt. </p><p>Det assyriske riket vart etterfølgd av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_nybabylonske_riket&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det nybabylonske riket (sida finst ikkje)">Det nybabylonske riket</a> (605 fvt.-539 fvt.), og i denne perioden vart Syria ei slagmark mellom Babylonia og ein annan tidlegare assyrisk koloni, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Babylonarane sigra, som assyrarane gjorde, over Egypt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antikken">Antikken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Endre bolk: Antikken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Antikken"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate seealso"> <dl><dd><i>For meir om dette emnet, sjå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eber-Nari&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eber-Nari (sida finst ikkje)">Eber-Nari</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koilesyria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koilesyria (sida finst ikkje)">Koilesyria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsen_Syria_i_Romarriket&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsen Syria i Romarriket (sida finst ikkje)">provinsen Syria i Romarriket</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria-Palestina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria-Palestina (sida finst ikkje)">Syria-Palestina</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Temple_of_Bel,_Palmyra_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Temple_of_Bel%2C_Palmyra_15.jpg/220px-Temple_of_Bel%2C_Palmyra_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Temple_of_Bel%2C_Palmyra_15.jpg/330px-Temple_of_Bel%2C_Palmyra_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Temple_of_Bel%2C_Palmyra_15.jpg/440px-Temple_of_Bel%2C_Palmyra_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="1797" /></a><figcaption>Den antikke byen <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akamenide&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Akamenide (sida finst ikkje)">Akamenide</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Persarar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Persarar (sida finst ikkje)">persarar</a> tok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eber-Nari&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eber-Nari (sida finst ikkje)">Syria</a> frå Babylonia som ein del av hegemoniet deira over Sørvest-Asia i 539 fvt. Persarane, som i fire hundreår hadde vore under assyrisk styre, heldt på gammelarameisk som språk for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akamenide-dynastiet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Akamenide-dynastiet (sida finst ikkje)">Akamenide-riket</a> (539 fvt.- 330 fvt.) og det assyriske namnet, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eber-Nari&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eber-Nari (sida finst ikkje)">Eber-Nari</a>, på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satrapi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Satrapi (sida finst ikkje)">satrapien</a> Aram/Syria. </p><p>Syria vart erobra av det <a href="/wiki/Hellas_i_antikken" title="Hellas i antikken">greske</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_makedonske_riket&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det makedonske riket (sida finst ikkje)">Makedonske riket</a> styrt av <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_den_store" title="Aleksander den store">Aleksander den store</a> kring 330 fvt., og vart så provinsen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koilesyria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koilesyria (sida finst ikkje)">Koilesyria</a> i det <a href="/wiki/Grekarar" title="Grekarar">greske</a> <a href="/wiki/Selevkideriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Selevkideriket">Selevkideriket</a> (323 fvt. - 64 fvt.). </p><p>Det var grekarane som introduserte namnet «Syria» til regionen. Opphavleg var det ei indoeuropeisk forvansking av «Assyria» i det nordlege Mesopotamia, og grekarane nytta ikkje berre dette omgrepet til å skildre sjølve Assyria, men òg landområda i vest, som i hundreår hadde vore under assyrisk herredøme.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Så i den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gresk-romersk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gresk-romersk (sida finst ikkje)">gresk-romerske</a> verda vart både <a href="/wiki/Aramearar" title="Aramearar">aramearane</a> i Syria og <a href="/wiki/Assyrarar" title="Assyrarar">assyrarane</a> i Mesopotamia i aust kalla «syrarar», trass i at dette var forskjellige folk. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a> var eit rikt og stundom mektig <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arameiske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arameiske (sida finst ikkje)">arameiske</a> kongedøme som dukka opp nord i Syria på 300-talet fvt., sjølvstendig frå grekarane. Etter kvart vart delar av det sørlege selevkidiske Syria teken av <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">judeiske</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_hasmonske_dynastiet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det hasmonske dynastiet (sida finst ikkje)">hasmonarar</a> då det hellenistiske riket sakte vart oppløyst. </p><p>Syria kom ei kort stund under <a href="/wiki/Armenarar" title="Armenarar">armensk</a> kontroll frå 83 fvt., med erobringa til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tigranes_den_store&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tigranes den store (sida finst ikkje)">Tigranes den store</a>, som vart teken imot som ein frelsar frå selevkidane og romarane av sitt eige folk. Armenarane heldt kontroll over Syria i to tiår før dei vart driven ut av romarane. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Sy_bosra_divadlo_hlediste.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Sy_bosra_divadlo_hlediste.jpg/220px-Sy_bosra_divadlo_hlediste.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Sy_bosra_divadlo_hlediste.jpg/330px-Sy_bosra_divadlo_hlediste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Sy_bosra_divadlo_hlediste.jpg/440px-Sy_bosra_divadlo_hlediste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romersk_teater&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Romersk teater (sida finst ikkje)">Romersk teater</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bosra" title="Bosra">Bosra</a> i provinsen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Petraea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabia Petraea (sida finst ikkje)">Arabia</a>, i dagens Syria</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Pompeius" title="Pompeius">Pompeius</a> av <a href="/wiki/Romarriket" title="Romarriket">Romarriket</a>, som erobra <a href="/wiki/Antiokia" title="Antiokia">Antiokia</a> i 64 fvt., gjorde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsen_Syria_i_Romarriket&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsen Syria i Romarriket (sida finst ikkje)">Syria</a> om til ein romersk provins. Palmyra vart igjen stort sett sjølvstendig, og seint på 200-talet evt. vart det senteret i det kortvarige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_palmyrenske_riket&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det palmyrenske riket (sida finst ikkje)">Palmyrenske riket</a>, som ei kort stund erobra Egypt, Syria, Palestina, mykje av Vesleasia, Judea og Libanon, før det kom under romersk kontroll i 273 evt. </p><p>Det nordlege mesopotamisk-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-assyrisk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-assyrisk (sida finst ikkje)">assyriske</a> kongedømet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiabene&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adiabene (sida finst ikkje)">Adiabene</a> kontrollerte områda i det nordaustlege Syria mellom 10 evt. og 117 evt., før det vart erobra av Roma.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Syria gjekk etter kvart over frå <a href="/wiki/Romarriket" title="Romarriket">romersk</a> kontroll til <a href="/wiki/Austromarriket" title="Austromarriket">bysantinarane</a>, då Romarriket vart delt.<sup id="cite_ref-LibraryofCongress_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LibraryofCongress-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den store <a href="/wiki/Arameisk" title="Arameisk">arameisktalande</a> folkesetnaden i Syria i glansperioden til riket vart truleg ikkje overgått igjen før på 1800-talet. Størstedelen av folkesetnaden var <a href="/wiki/Aramearar" title="Aramearar">aramearar</a>, men Syria var òg heimstaden til greske og romerske herskarklassar, assyrarane budde i nordaust, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8nikia" title="Fønikia">fønikarane</a> langs kysten, og eit <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jødisk">jødisk</a> samfunn fanst òg, medan <a href="/wiki/Nabatearar" title="Nabatearar">nabatearar</a> og <i>førislamske</i> <a href="/wiki/Arabarar" title="Arabarar">arabarar</a> som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakhmidar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lakhmidar (sida finst ikkje)">lakhmidar</a> gjekk inn i ørkenane sør i Syria. Den store og velståande folkesetnaden i Syria var ein av dei viktigaste i dei romerske provinsane, særleg på 100- og 200-talet evt.<sup id="cite_ref-Cavendish_Corporation_2006_183_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cavendish_Corporation_2006_183-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den romerske keisaren <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Severus_av_Romarriket" title="Alexander Severus av Romarriket">Alexander Severus</a>, som var keisar frå 222 til 235, var ein aramear frå Syria. Syskenbornet hans <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliogabalus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliogabalus (sida finst ikkje)">Heliogabalus</a>, som var keisar frå 218 til 222, var òg frå Syria og familien hans heldt arverettar til ypparstepresteembetet av den arameiske solguden <a href="/w/index.php?title=El-Gabal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="El-Gabal (sida finst ikkje)">El-Gabal</a> ved <a href="/wiki/Emesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Emesa">Emesa</a> (dagens <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>) i Syria. Ein annan romersk keisar som var syrar var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filip_Arabaren&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Filip Arabaren (sida finst ikkje)">Filip Arabaren</a> (Marcus Julius Philippus), som var keisar frå 244 til 249.<sup id="cite_ref-Cavendish_Corporation_2006_183_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cavendish_Corporation_2006_183-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Syria er viktig i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_til_kristendommen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Historia til kristendommen (sida finst ikkje)">historia til kristendommen</a>. Saulus frå Tarsus, betre kjend som <a href="/wiki/Apostelen_Paulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostelen Paulus">apostelen Paulus</a>, vart omvendt på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegen_til_Damaskus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vegen til Damaskus (sida finst ikkje)">vegen til Damaskus</a> og vart ein viktig person i den kristne kyrkja i <a href="/wiki/Antiokia" title="Antiokia">Antiokia</a> i det gamle Syria, og det frå her han la ut på dei mange misjonsreisene sine.(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibel.no/Nettbibelen?query=u46EQKsNUcEOsJE+u2jH/g2HE0kJE+ZEIQDFnRk7P3LVWyqed626euITn7dAusi3">Apg 9, 1-43</a>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mellomalderen">Mellomalderen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Endre bolk: Mellomalderen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Mellomalderen"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islamsk_Syria_(al-Sham)"><span id="Islamsk_Syria_.28al-Sham.29"></span>Islamsk Syria (al-Sham)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Endre bolk: Islamsk Syria (al-Sham)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Islamsk Syria (al-Sham)"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate seealso"> <dl><dd><i>For meir om dette emnet, sjå <a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Bilad al-Sham</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Arabischer_Maler_um_730_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Arabischer_Maler_um_730_002.jpg/220px-Arabischer_Maler_um_730_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Arabischer_Maler_um_730_002.jpg/330px-Arabischer_Maler_um_730_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Arabischer_Maler_um_730_002.jpg/440px-Arabischer_Maler_um_730_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2219" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Freske" class="mw-redirect" title="Freske">Freske</a> frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qasr_al-Hayr_al-Gharb%C3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbî (sida finst ikkje)">Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbî</a>, bygt tidleg på 600-talet</figcaption></figure> <p>Ved 640 evt. vart Syria erobra av den <a href="/wiki/Arabarar" title="Arabarar">arabiske</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rashidun-armeen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rashidun-armeen (sida finst ikkje)">Rashidun-armeen</a> leia av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_ibn_al-Walid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid (sida finst ikkje)">Khalid ibn al-Walid</a>. Midt på 600-talet plasserte <a href="/wiki/Umayyade-kalifatet" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyade-kalifatet">Umayyade-kalifatet</a>, som då styrte riket, hovudstaden til heile riket i Damaskus. Riket mista mykje makt mot slutten av Umayyadestyret, hovudsakleg på grunn av diktatur, korrupsjon og opprør frå dei undertrykte. Umayyade-kalifatet vart så styrta i 750 av <a href="/wiki/Abbasidane" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasidane">abbasidane</a>, som flytta hovudstaden i riket til <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">Arabisk</a> vart offisielt språk under Umayyadestyret og vart det dominerande språket, og erstatta <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Arameisk" title="Arameisk">arameisk</a> i abbaside-tida. I 887 annekterte dei Egypt-baserte <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C5%ABl%C5%ABnidane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tūlūnidane (sida finst ikkje)">tūlūnidane</a> Syria frå abbasidane, og vart seinare erstatta av <a href="/w/index.php?title=I%E1%B8%AB%C5%A1ididane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Iḫšididane (sida finst ikkje)">iḫšididane</a> og seinare av <a href="/wiki/Hamd%C4%81nidane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamdānidane">hamdānidane</a> frå Aleppo, som vart grunnlagd av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayf_al-Dawla&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sayf al-Dawla (sida finst ikkje)">Sayf al-Dawla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Krossfararar,_ajjubidane_og_mamelukkane"><span id="Krossfararar.2C_ajjubidane_og_mamelukkane"></span>Krossfararar, ajjubidane og mamelukkane</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Endre bolk: Krossfararar, ajjubidane og mamelukkane" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Krossfararar, ajjubidane og mamelukkane"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:BattleOfHoms1299.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/BattleOfHoms1299.JPG/220px-BattleOfHoms1299.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/BattleOfHoms1299.JPG/330px-BattleOfHoms1299.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/BattleOfHoms1299.JPG/440px-BattleOfHoms1299.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1331" data-file-height="881" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Wadi_al-Khazandar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget ved Wadi al-Khazandar (sida finst ikkje)">Slaget ved Wadi al-Khazandar</a> i 1299. Mongolane under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghazan (sida finst ikkje)">Ghazan</a> slo mamelukkane.</figcaption></figure> <p>Delar av Syria vart haldne av <a href="/wiki/Franskmenn" title="Franskmenn">franske</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engelskmenn" class="mw-redirect" title="Engelskmenn">engelske</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italienarar" class="mw-redirect" title="Italienarar">italienske</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tyskarar" title="Tyskarar">tyske</a> overherrar mellom 1098 og 1189 evt. under <a href="/wiki/Krosstoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Krosstoga">krosstoga</a>, og vart samla sett kalla <a href="/wiki/Krossfararstatane" title="Krossfararstatane">Krossfararstatane</a>. Den største av desse i Syria var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fyrsted%C3%B8met_Antiokia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fyrstedømet Antiokia (sida finst ikkje)">Fyrstedømet Antiokia</a>. </p><p>Området var òg trua av <a href="/wiki/Sjiaislam" title="Sjiaislam">sjiaekstremistar</a> kalla <a href="/wiki/Assasinar" title="Assasinar">assasinar</a> (<i>Hassassin</i>). Etter eit hundreår med <a href="/wiki/Seldsjukkar" title="Seldsjukkar">seldsjukkar</a>-styret i Syria vart det meste erobra (1175-1185) av den <a href="/wiki/Kurdarar" title="Kurdarar">kurdiske</a> krigsherren <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>, som grunnla <a href="/wiki/Ajjubide-dynastiet" title="Ajjubide-dynastiet">Ajjubide-dynastiet</a> i Egypt. <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> fall til <a href="/wiki/Mongolane" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolane">mongolane</a> med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulegu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hulegu (sida finst ikkje)">Hulegu</a> i januar 1260, og Damaskus i mars, men så vart Hulegu tvungen til å avbryte åtaket sitt og reise attende til <a href="/wiki/Kina" class="mw-redirect" title="Kina">Kina</a> for å ta seg av ein arvefølgjestrid. </p><p>Nokre månader seinare kom mamelukkane med ein arme frå Egypt og slo mongolane i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Ain_Jalut&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget ved Ain Jalut (sida finst ikkje)">slaget ved Ain Jalut</a> i <a href="/wiki/Galilea" title="Galilea">Galilea</a>. Mamlukk-leiaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baibars&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baibars (sida finst ikkje)">Baibars</a> gjorde Damaskus til ein provinshovudstad. Då han døydde tok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qalawun&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Qalawun (sida finst ikkje)">Qalawun</a> over makta. I mellomtida hadde ein emir kalla Sunqur al-Ashqar prøvde å erklære seg sjølv som herskar over Damaskus, men han vart slått av Qalawun den 21. juni 1280, og flykta nord i Syria. Al-Ashqar, som hadde gifta seg med ei mongolsk kvinne, bad om hjelp frå mongolane. Mongolane frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilkhanatet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilkhanatet (sida finst ikkje)">Ilkhanatet</a> tok byen, men Qalawun overtydde Al-Ashqar til å bli med han, og saman kjempa dei mot mongolane den 29. oktober 1281 i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_andre_slaget_ved_Homs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det andre slaget ved Homs (sida finst ikkje)">det andre slaget ved Homs</a>, som mamelukkane vann.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 1400 invaderte den muslimske <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrkisk-mongolske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyrkisk-mongolske (sida finst ikkje)">tyrkisk-mongolske</a> erobraren <a href="/wiki/Timur_Lenk" title="Timur Lenk">Timur Lenk</a> Syria, plyndra Aleppo og erobra Damaskus etter å ha slått mamelukk-hæren. Innbyggjarane i byen vart massakrerte, utanom handverkarane, som vart deporterte til <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>. Timur-Lenk massakrerte òg spesifikt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arameiske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arameiske (sida finst ikkje)">arameiske</a> og <a href="/wiki/Assyrarar" title="Assyrarar">assyrisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristne" title="Kristne">kristne</a> folkesetnader, og reduserte desse gruppene kraftig.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mot slutten av 1400-talet vart det oppdaga ei sjørute frå Europa til Det fjerne austen og behovet for ein <a href="/wiki/Silkevegen" title="Silkevegen">handelsveg over land</a>, som gjekk gjennom Syria, minka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osmanske_Syria">Osmanske Syria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Endre bolk: Osmanske Syria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Osmanske Syria"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate seealso"> <dl><dd><i>For meir om dette emnet, sjå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanske_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Osmanske Syria (sida finst ikkje)">Osmanske Syria</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Syrian_women,_Description_de_L%27Universe_(Alain_Manesson_Mallet,_1683)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Syrian_women%2C_Description_de_L%27Universe_%28Alain_Manesson_Mallet%2C_1683%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Syrian_women%2C_Description_de_L%27Universe_%28Alain_Manesson_Mallet%2C_1683%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Syrian_women%2C_Description_de_L%27Universe_%28Alain_Manesson_Mallet%2C_1683%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Syrian_women%2C_Description_de_L%27Universe_%28Alain_Manesson_Mallet%2C_1683%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Syrian_women%2C_Description_de_L%27Universe_%28Alain_Manesson_Mallet%2C_1683%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Syrian_women%2C_Description_de_L%27Universe_%28Alain_Manesson_Mallet%2C_1683%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption>Syrisk kvinne, 1683</figcaption></figure> <p>I 1516 invaderte <a href="/wiki/Det_osmanske_riket" title="Det osmanske riket">Det osmanske riket</a> Mamlukk-sultanatet til Egypt, erobra Syria, og innlemma det i riket sitt. Det osmanske systemet var ikkje tyngande for syrarane fordi tyrkarane respekterte arabisk som språk i <a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a> og aksepterte trua deira. Damaskus vart ein viktig by på veg til <a href="/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka">Mekka</a>, og fekk slik ein heilag karakter for muslimane, på grunn av alle fordelane som følgde då tallause pilegrimar passerte gjennom byen under hajj, pilegrimsreisa til Mekka.<sup id="cite_ref-Syria_–_Det_osmanske_riket_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syria_–_Det_osmanske_riket-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den osmanske administrasjonen følgde eit unikt system som førte til ei fredful tid. Dei etnoreligiøse minoritetane — arabiske sjiamuslimar, arabiske <a href="/wiki/Sunniislam" title="Sunniislam">sunnimuslimar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arameisk" title="Arameisk">arameisk</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gammalsyrisk_ortodoks&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gammalsyrisk ortodoks (sida finst ikkje)">gammalsyrisk ortodokse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gresk_ortodoks&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gresk ortodoks (sida finst ikkje)">gresk ortodokse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maronittisk_kristne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maronittisk kristne (sida finst ikkje)">maronittisk kristne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrisk_kristne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Assyrisk kristne (sida finst ikkje)">assyrisk kristne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenarar" title="Armenarar">armenarar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdarar" title="Kurdarar">kurdarar</a> og <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8dar" title="Jødar">jødar</a> — utgjorde ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Millet_i_Det_osmanske_riket&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Millet i Det osmanske riket (sida finst ikkje)">millet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dei religiøse overhovuda i kvart samfunn administrerte alle personlege statuslover og utførte visse sivile funksjonar i tillegg.<sup id="cite_ref-Syria_–_Det_osmanske_riket_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syria_–_Det_osmanske_riket-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I 1831 braut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_pasja_av_Egypt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim pasja av Egypt (sida finst ikkje)">Ibrahim pasja av Egypt</a> med riket og gjekk inn i <a href="/wiki/Osmansk_Syria" title="Osmansk Syria">Osmansk Syria</a> og erobra Damaskus. Det kortvarige styret hans i området prøvde å endre dei demografiske og samfunnsmessige strukturane. Han førte inn tusenvis av egyptarar for å busetje slettene i <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Syria" title="Sør-Syria">Sør-Syria</a>, bygde opp att <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> og busette byen med egyptiske soldat-veteranar i eit forsøk på å gjere byen til ein regionshovudstad. Han slo ned opprør frå bøndene og drusarane og deporterte ikkje-lojale stammemedlemmar. I 1840 måtte han likevel gje området attende til osmanarane. </p><p>Frå 1864 vart reformene til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzimat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanzimat (sida finst ikkje)">Tanzimat</a> påført i Osmansk Syria, og provinsane (vilayetane) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleppo_vilayet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleppo vilayet (sida finst ikkje)">Aleppo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanjakken_Zor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanjakken Zor (sida finst ikkje)">Zor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beirut_vilayet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Beirut vilayet (sida finst ikkje)">Beirut</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaskus_vilayet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Damaskus vilayet (sida finst ikkje)">Damaskus vilayet</a> vart oppretta. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutasarrifatet_Libanon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutasarrifatet Libanon (sida finst ikkje)">Mutasarrifatet Libanon</a> vart òg oppretta og kort tid etter fekk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutasarrifatet_Jerusalem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutasarrifatet Jerusalem (sida finst ikkje)">mutasarrifatet Jerusalem</a> ein eigen status. </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Fyrste_verdskrigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyrste verdskrigen">fyrste verdskrigen</a> gjekk <a href="/wiki/Det_osmanske_riket" title="Det osmanske riket">Det osmanske riket</a> inn i krigen på <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> og <a href="/wiki/Austerrike-Ungarn" title="Austerrike-Ungarn">Austerrike-Ungarn</a> si side. Då dei tapte krigen mista osmanarane kontroll over heile <a href="/wiki/Det_n%C3%A6re_austen" class="mw-redirect" title="Det nære austen">Det nære austen</a> til <a href="/wiki/Det_britiske_imperiet" title="Det britiske imperiet">Det britiske</a> og <a href="/wiki/Det_franske_koloniriket" title="Det franske koloniriket">Det franske imperiet</a>. I løpet av krigen utførte osmanarane og deira allierte <a href="/wiki/Det_armenske_folkemordet" title="Det armenske folkemordet">det armenske</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_assyriske_folkemordet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det assyriske folkemordet (sida finst ikkje)">det assyriske folkemordet</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a> i Osmansk Syria var den siste staden dette vart utført.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Midt under <a href="/wiki/Fyrste_verdskrigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyrste verdskrigen">fyrste verdskrigen</a> danna to <a href="/wiki/Allierte_i_fyrste_verdskrigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Allierte i fyrste verdskrigen">allierte</a> diplomatar (franskmannen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Georges-Picot&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="François Georges-Picot (sida finst ikkje)">François Georges-Picot</a> og briten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Sykes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Sykes (sida finst ikkje)">Mark Sykes</a>) i løyndom ein avtale om å dele Det osmanske riket i to soner etter krigen, ein avtale frå 1916 kalla <a href="/wiki/Sykes-Picot-avtalen" title="Sykes-Picot-avtalen">Sykes-Picot-avtalen</a>. I starten var dei to territoria delte av ei grense som gjekk nesten i ei rett linje frå Jordan til <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Men då det vart oppdaga olje i regionen <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> like før krigen var over, førte dette til ei ny forhandling med Frankrike i 1918 om å avstå denne regionen til 'Sone B', eller den britiske sonen. Denne grensa vart seinare internasjonalt anerkjend då Syria vart eit mandat i <a href="/wiki/Folkeforbundet" title="Folkeforbundet">Folkeforbundet</a> i 1920<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og har den dag i dag ikkje endra seg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fransk_mandat">Fransk mandat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Endre bolk: Fransk mandat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fransk mandat"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate seealso"> <dl><dd><i>For meir om dette emnet, sjå <a href="/wiki/Mandatomr%C3%A5det_i_Libanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandatområdet i Libanon">Mandatområdet i Libanon</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hashim_Atassi_Inauguration_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Hashim_Atassi_Inauguration_1936.jpg/220px-Hashim_Atassi_Inauguration_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Hashim_Atassi_Inauguration_1936.jpg/330px-Hashim_Atassi_Inauguration_1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Hashim_Atassi_Inauguration_1936.jpg/440px-Hashim_Atassi_Inauguration_1936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption>Innviinga av president <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hashim_al-Atassi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hashim al-Atassi (sida finst ikkje)">Hashim al-Atassi</a> i 1936.</figcaption></figure> <p>I 1920 vart det kortvarige, sjølvstendige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konged%C3%B8met_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongedømet Syria (sida finst ikkje)">kongedømet Syria</a> oppretta under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faisal_I&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Faisal I (sida finst ikkje)">Faisal I</a> frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasjemittane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasjemittane (sida finst ikkje)">hasjemitt-familien</a>. Styret hans over Syria enda etter berre få månader, etter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_Maysalun&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget ved Maysalun (sida finst ikkje)">slaget ved Maysalun</a>. Franske soldatar okkuperte Syria seinare det året etter at <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Remo-konferansen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="San Remo-konferansen (sida finst ikkje)">San Remo-konferansen</a> foreslo at Folkeforbundet skulle setje Syria under eit fransk mandat.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 1925 leia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_al-Atrash&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan al-Atrash (sida finst ikkje)">sultan al-Atrash</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_store_syriske_oppr%C3%B8ret&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det store syriske opprøret (sida finst ikkje)">eit opprør</a> som braut ut i <a href="/wiki/Jabal_al-Druze" title="Jabal al-Druze">Jabal al-Druze</a> og spreidde seg til heile Syria og delar av Libanon. Al-Atrash vann fleire slag mot franskmennene, mellom anna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_al-Kafr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget ved al-Kafr (sida finst ikkje)">slaget ved al-Kafr</a> den 21. juli 1925, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_ved_al-Mazraa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget ved al-Mazraa (sida finst ikkje)">slaget ved al-Mazraa</a> den 2–3. august 1925, og slaga ved Salkhad, <a href="/wiki/Al-Musayfirah" title="Al-Musayfirah">al-Musayfirah</a> og Suwayda. Frankrike sendte tusenvis av soldatar frå <a href="/wiki/Marokko" title="Marokko">Marokko</a> og <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, og franskmennene tok attende mange byar, men motstanden varte fram til våren 1927. Franskmennene dømde sultan al-Atrash til døden, men han klarte å røme med opprørarane til Transjordan og vart sidan benåda. Han kom attende til Syria i 1937 etter at den syrisk-franske avtalen vart underskriven. </p><p>Syria og Frankrike forhandla ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_fransk-syriske_sj%C3%B8lvstendeavtalen_(1936)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den fransk-syriske sjølvstendeavtalen (1936) (sida finst ikkje)">sjølvstendeavtale</a> i september 1936, og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hashim_al-Atassi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hashim al-Atassi (sida finst ikkje)">Hashim al-Atassi</a> vart den første presidenten som vart vald under den første inkarnasjonen av den moderne republikken Syria. Avtalen tredde likevel aldri i kraft fordi dei franske styresmaktene nekta å ratifisere avtalen. Då Frankrike fall i 1940 under <a href="/wiki/Andre_verdskrigen" title="Andre verdskrigen">andre verdskrigen</a> kom Syria under <a href="/wiki/Vichy-Frankrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy-Frankrike">Vichy-Frankrike</a> sin kontroll fram til britane og frie franskmenn okkuperte landet i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syrisk-libanesiske_felttoget&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syrisk-libanesiske felttoget (sida finst ikkje)">det syrisk-libanesiske felttoget</a> i juli 1941. Stadig press frå syriske nasjonalistar og og britane, tvang franskmennene til å evakuere soldatane sine i april 1946, og landet vart overgjeve til eit republikansk styre som hadde oppstått under mandatet.<sup id="cite_ref-USDoS_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDoS-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Den_sjølvstendige_republikken_Syria"><span id="Den_sj.C3.B8lvstendige_republikken_Syria"></span>Den sjølvstendige republikken Syria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Endre bolk: Den sjølvstendige republikken Syria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Den sjølvstendige republikken Syria"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate seealso"> <dl><dd><i>For meir om dette emnet, sjå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republikken_Syria_(1930%E2%80%931958)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Republikken Syria (1930–1958) (sida finst ikkje)">Republikken Syria (1930–1958)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Den_sameinte_arabiske_republikken" title="Den sameinte arabiske republikken">Den sameinte arabiske republikken</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syriske_statskuppet_1963&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syriske statskuppet 1963 (sida finst ikkje)">Det syriske statskuppet 1963</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Syrien_1961_Aleppol_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Syrien_1961_Aleppol_1.jpg/220px-Syrien_1961_Aleppol_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Syrien_1961_Aleppol_1.jpg/330px-Syrien_1961_Aleppol_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Syrien_1961_Aleppol_1.jpg/440px-Syrien_1961_Aleppol_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Aleppo i 1961</figcaption></figure> <p>Uro dominerte syrisk politikk frå sjølvstendet til seint i 1960-åra. I 1948 var Syria involvert i <a href="/wiki/Den_arabisk-israelske_krigen_i_1948" title="Den arabisk-israelske krigen i 1948">den arabisk-israelske krigen</a>, og stilte seg på sida av andre lokale arabiske statar i forsøket på å hindre opprettinga av staten Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Britan_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britan-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nederlaget i denne krigen var ein av fleire faktorar som førte til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syriske_statskuppet_mars_1949&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syriske statskuppet mars 1949 (sida finst ikkje)">det syriske statskuppet mars 1949</a> av oberst <a href="/w/index.php?title=Husni_al-Za%27im&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Husni al-Za&#39;im (sida finst ikkje)">Husni al-Za'im</a>, som er kalla det første militærkuppet i <a href="/wiki/Den_arabiske_verda" title="Den arabiske verda">den arabiske verda</a><sup id="cite_ref-Britan_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britan-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> sidan starten på den andre verdskrigen. Dette vart raskt etterfølgd av eit nytt militærkupp av oberst <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sami_al-Hinnawi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sami al-Hinnawi (sida finst ikkje)">Sami al-Hinnawi</a>, som igjen vart raskt avsett av oberst <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adib_Shishakli&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adib Shishakli (sida finst ikkje)">Adib Shishakli</a>, alle i løpet av det same året.<sup id="cite_ref-Britan_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britan-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shishakli avskaffa etter kvart fleirpartipolitikken heilt, men vart sjølv styrta i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syriske_statskuppet_1954&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syriske statskuppet 1954 (sida finst ikkje)">1954-kuppet</a> og det parlamentariske systemet vart innført på ny.<sup id="cite_ref-Britan_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britan-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> På denne tida vart makta i stadig aukande grad konsentrert i militær- og tryggingsverksemder.<sup id="cite_ref-Britan_44-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britan-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Svekkinga av parlamentariske institusjonar og misstyring av økonomien førte til uro og påverknad frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasserisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasserisme (sida finst ikkje)">nasserisme</a> og andre ideologiar. Det var grobotn for forskjellige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabiske_nasjonalistar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabiske nasjonalistar (sida finst ikkje)">arabiske nasjonalistar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrisk_nasjonalisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrisk nasjonalisme (sida finst ikkje)">syriske nasjonalistar</a> og samfunnsrørsler som representerte misnøgde element i samfunnet. Av desse fann ein religiøse minoritetar som kravde radikale reformer.<sup id="cite_ref-Britan_44-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britan-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Som eit direkte resultat av <a href="/wiki/Suezkrisa" title="Suezkrisa">Suezkrisa</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> signerte Syria i november 1956 ein avtale med <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a>. Dette gav eit fotfeste for kommunisme i statsmakta i byte mot militært utstyr.<sup id="cite_ref-Britan_44-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britan-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a> vart så uroa over den aukande militærteknologien til Syria, sidan det no var mogeleg for Syria å prøve og ta attende <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0skenderun" title="İskenderun">İskenderun</a>. Berre hissige debattar i Dei sameinte nasjonane la ein dempar på krigstrugselen.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den 1. februar 1958 annonserte den syriske presidenten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shukri_al-Quwatli&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shukri al-Quwatli (sida finst ikkje)">Shukri al-Quwatli</a> og president Nasser i Egypt at dei to nasjonane Egypt og Syria vart slått saman, og danna <a href="/wiki/Den_sameinte_arabiske_republikken" title="Den sameinte arabiske republikken">Den sameinte arabiske republikken</a>, og alle syriske politiske parti, mellom anna det kommunistiske, stoppa med synlege aktivitetar.<sup id="cite_ref-USDoS_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDoS-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Samstundes var ei gruppe av syriske Ba'athist-offiserar uroa over den dårlege stillinga til partiet, og den stadig meir skrøpelege unionen, og valde å danna ein hemmeleg militær komite. Dei første medlemmane var oberstløytnant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Umran&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Umran (sida finst ikkje)">Muhammad Umran</a>, major <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_Jadid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Salah Jadid (sida finst ikkje)">Salah Jadid</a> og kaptein <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a>. Då Syria vart fråskild Egypt den 28. september 1961 førte den påfølgjande ustabiliteten til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syriske_statskuppet_1963&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syriske statskuppet 1963 (sida finst ikkje)">kuppet 8. mars 1963</a>. Overtakinga vart styrt av medlemmar av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syriske_Ba%27ath-partiet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syriske Ba&#39;ath-partiet (sida finst ikkje)">Det syriske Ba'ath-partiet</a>, leia av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Aflaq&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Aflaq (sida finst ikkje)">Michel Aflaq</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar (sida finst ikkje)">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a>. Det nye kabinettet var dominert av Ba'ath-medlemmar.<sup id="cite_ref-USDoS_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDoS-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britan_44-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britan-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ba'athist-Syria"><span id="Ba.27athist-Syria"></span>Ba'athist-Syria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Endre bolk: Ba&#039;athist-Syria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ba&#039;athist-Syria"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:NixonAssad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NixonAssad.jpg/220px-NixonAssad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NixonAssad.jpg/330px-NixonAssad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NixonAssad.jpg/440px-NixonAssad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1757" /></a><figcaption>Hafez al-Assad helsar på <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> då han landa i Damaskus i 1974.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den 23. februar 1966 styrta militærkomiteen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syriske_statskuppet_1966&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syriske statskuppet 1966 (sida finst ikkje)">partiet sitt</a>, fengsla president <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amin_Hafiz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Amin Hafiz (sida finst ikkje)">Amin Hafiz</a> og sette inn ei regionalistisk, sivil Ba'ath-regjering den 1. mars.<sup id="cite_ref-Britan_44-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britan-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sjølv om <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nureddin_al-Atassi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nureddin al-Atassi (sida finst ikkje)">Nureddin al-Atassi</a> vart den formelle statsleiaren, var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_Jadid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Salah Jadid (sida finst ikkje)">Salah Jadid</a> i røynda herskar frå 1966 til 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kuppet førte til ei splitting mellom det opphavlege <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath-partiet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ba&#39;ath-partiet (sida finst ikkje)">pan-arabiske Ba'ath-partiet</a>: ei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath-partiet_i_Irak)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ba&#39;ath-partiet i Irak) (sida finst ikkje)">irakisk-leia ba'ath-rørsle</a> (styrte Irak frå 1968 til 2003) og ei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath-partiet_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ba&#39;ath-partiet i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">syrisk-leia ba'ath-rørsle</a> vart oppretta. </p><p>I starten av 1967 var det ein lågmælt krigstilstand mellom Syria og Israel. Terroristar gjorde dusenvis av forsøk på å inflitrere Israel, og den syriske hæren bombarderte israelske landsbyar ved fleire høve, og framprovoserte gjengjeldande eld frå Israel. Då Israel starta å dyrke av land i den demilitariserte sonen førte dette til <a href="/wiki/Seksdagarskrigen#Israel_og_Syria" title="Seksdagarskrigen">flysamanstøytar den 7. april</a> mellom Israel og Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-Tessler1994_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tessler1994-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Etter at Israel gjekk til eit <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B8rebyggande_krig&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Førebyggande krig (sida finst ikkje)">førebyggande åtak</a> mot Egypt og starta <a href="/wiki/Seksdagarskrigen" title="Seksdagarskrigen">seksdagarskrigen</a> i juni 1967, vart Syria med i striden mot Israel. Dei siste dagane av krigen vendte Israel seg mot Syria, og erobra to tredjedelar av Golanhøgdene på under 48 timar.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nederlaget førte til at Jadid og Assad vart usamde om kva dei skulle gjere no.<sup id="cite_ref-Khatib2012_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khatib2012-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Destruction_in_the_al-Qunaytra_village_in_the_Golan_Heights,_after_the_Israeli_withdrawal_in_1974.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Destruction_in_the_al-Qunaytra_village_in_the_Golan_Heights%2C_after_the_Israeli_withdrawal_in_1974.jpg/220px-Destruction_in_the_al-Qunaytra_village_in_the_Golan_Heights%2C_after_the_Israeli_withdrawal_in_1974.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Destruction_in_the_al-Qunaytra_village_in_the_Golan_Heights%2C_after_the_Israeli_withdrawal_in_1974.jpg/330px-Destruction_in_the_al-Qunaytra_village_in_the_Golan_Heights%2C_after_the_Israeli_withdrawal_in_1974.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Destruction_in_the_al-Qunaytra_village_in_the_Golan_Heights%2C_after_the_Israeli_withdrawal_in_1974.jpg/440px-Destruction_in_the_al-Qunaytra_village_in_the_Golan_Heights%2C_after_the_Israeli_withdrawal_in_1974.jpg 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Landsbyen <a href="/wiki/Quneitra" title="Quneitra">Quneitra</a> var stort sett øydelagd før israelarane trekte seg attende i juni 1974.</figcaption></figure> <p>Usemja utvikla seg mellom Jadid, som kontrollerte partiapparatet, og Assad, som kontrollerte militæret. Då syriske styrkar som vart sendt for å hjelpe <a href="/wiki/PLO" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO">PLO</a> under «<a href="/w/index.php?title=Svart_september_i_Jordan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Svart september i Jordan (sida finst ikkje)">Svart september</a>»-striden med Jordan, vart trekt attende i 1970 var det eit teikn på denne usemja.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Maktkampen kulminerte i november 1970 med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_syriske_korrekturrevolusjonen_i_1970&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den syriske korrekturrevolusjonen i 1970 (sida finst ikkje)">korrekturrørsla</a>, eit blodlaust militærkupp som sette Hafez al-Assad inn som tyrann i regjeringa.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den 6. oktober 1973 starta Syria og Egypt <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur-krigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Yom Kippur-krigen">Yom Kippur-krigen</a> mot Israel. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_israelske_forsvaret&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det israelske forsvaret (sida finst ikkje)">Det israelske forsvaret</a> slo tilbake det syriske åtaket og pressa dei djupt inn i syrisk område.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tidleg i 1976 gjekk Syria inn i Libanon og starta ein tretti år lang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_syriske_okkupasjonen_av_Libanon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den syriske okkupasjonen av Libanon (sida finst ikkje)">syrisk okkupasjon</a>. Dei neste 15 år med <a href="/wiki/Den_libanesiske_borgarkrigen" title="Den libanesiske borgarkrigen">borgarkrig</a>, kjempa Syria om kontroll over Libanon, og forsøkte å stoppe Israel frå å ta over i det sørlige Libanon ved hjelp av omfattande bruk av militsar. Syria hadde kontroll over Libanon fram til 2005. </p><p>Seint i 1970-åra oppstod det eit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamistisk_oppr%C3%B8r_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamistisk opprør i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">islamistopprør</a> frå <a href="/wiki/Det_muslimske_brorskapet_i_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Det muslimske brorskapet i Syria">det muslimske brorskapet</a> retta mot regjeringa. Islamistane gjekk til åtak på sivile og militære som ikkje var i teneste, noko som fekk leiande tryggingsstyrkar til å drepe sivile i eit hemnåtak. Opprøret nådde eit høgdepunkt i 1982 med <a href="/wiki/Hama-massakren" title="Hama-massakren">Hama-massakren</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> då kring 10&#160;000–40&#160;000 menneske vart drepne av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_syriske_h%C3%A6ren&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den syriske hæren (sida finst ikkje)">den syriske hæren</a>. </p><p>I ei stor endring i forholdet med både andre arabiske statar og den vestlege verda, deltok Syria i den USA-leia <a href="/wiki/Golfkrigen" title="Golfkrigen">Golfkrigen</a> mot <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>. Syria deltok i den multilaterale <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madridkonferansen_i_1991&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Madridkonferansen i 1991 (sida finst ikkje)">Madridkonferansen i 1991</a>, og i 1990-åra gjekk Syria inn i forhandlingar med Israel. Desse forhandlingane var mislukka og det har ikkje vore fleire direkte samtalar mellom Syria og Israel sidan president <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> møtte den dåverande presidenten <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> i <a href="/wiki/Geneve" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneve">Geneve</a> i mars 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Syrian_civil_war.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Syrian_civil_war.png/300px-Syrian_civil_war.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Syrian_civil_war.png/450px-Syrian_civil_war.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Syrian_civil_war.png/600px-Syrian_civil_war.png 2x" data-file-width="2502" data-file-height="2107" /></a><figcaption>Den noverande militærsituasjonen i Syria.<br /><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:none; background-color: #ff8080; color: #ff8080;">██</span>&#160;Kontrollert av den syriske regjeringa</span><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:none; background-color: #efe4b0; color: #efe4b0;">██</span>&#160;Kontrollert av kurdiske styrkar</span><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:none; background-color: #7f7f7f; color: #7f7f7f;">██</span>&#160;Kontrollert av <a href="/wiki/Den_islamske_staten_av_Irak_og_Levanten" class="mw-redirect" title="Den islamske staten av Irak og Levanten">ISIS</a>-styrkar</span><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%; display:block;"><span style="border:none; background-color: #c6e9af; color: #c6e9af;">██</span>&#160;Kontrollert av opposisjonen</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Hafez al-Assad døydde den 10. juni 2000. Sonen hans, <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>, vart vald til president i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syriske_presidentvalet_i_2000&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syriske presidentvalet i 2000 (sida finst ikkje)">eit val</a> der han stilte utan motstandarar.<sup id="cite_ref-USDoS_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDoS-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Presidentvalet var starten på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaskusv%C3%A5ren&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Damaskusvåren (sida finst ikkje)">Damaskusvåren</a> og håp om reformer, men hausten 2001 undertrykte styresmaktene rørsla og fengsla fleire av dei leiande intellektuelle.<sup id="cite_ref-Alan_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alan-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I staden vart reformene avgrensa til somme marknadsreformer.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Sturdy_House_That_Assad_Built_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Sturdy_House_That_Assad_Built-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den 5. oktober 2003 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ain_es_Saheb-%C3%A5taket&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ain es Saheb-åtaket (sida finst ikkje)">bomba Israel ein stad nær Damaskus</a>, og hevda det var eit treningsanlegg for terroristar for medlemmar av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_islamske_jihadr%C3%B8rsla_i_Palestina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den islamske jihadrørsla i Palestina (sida finst ikkje)">Islamsk jihad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I mars 2004 støytte syriske kurdarar og arabarar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qamishli-oppr%C3%B8ra_i_2004&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qamishli-opprøra i 2004 (sida finst ikkje)">saman</a> i den nordaustlege byen <a href="/wiki/Al-Qamishli" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qamishli">al-Qamishli</a>. Teikn på opprør fanst òg i byane <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qameshli&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Qameshli (sida finst ikkje)">Qameshli</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassakeh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassakeh (sida finst ikkje)">Hassakeh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I 2005 enda Syria okkupasjonen av Libanon.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Den 6. september 2007 utførte israelske kampfly <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operasjon_Orchard&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Operasjon Orchard (sida finst ikkje)">operasjon Orchard</a> mot det dei meinte var ein <a href="/wiki/Atomreaktor" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomreaktor">atomreaktor</a> under bygging av <a href="/wiki/Nord-Korea" title="Nord-Korea">nordkoreanske</a> ingeniørar.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den pågåande <a href="/wiki/Den_syriske_borgarkrigen" title="Den syriske borgarkrigen">syriske borgarkrigen</a> var inspirert av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_arabiske_v%C3%A5ren&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den arabiske våren (sida finst ikkje)">den arabiske våren</a>. Han byrja i 2011 som ei rekkje fredelege protestar, etterfølgd av eit hardt åtak frå den syriske hæren.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I juli 2011 erklærte avhopparar frå hæren at dei hadde danna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_frie_syriske_h%C3%A6ren&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den frie syriske hæren (sida finst ikkje)">den frie syriske hæren</a> og byrja å danna kampeiningar. Oppsosjonen er dominert av <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">sunnimuslimar</a>, medan dei leiande personane i regjeringa er <a href="/wiki/Alawittar" title="Alawittar">alawittar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I følgje forskjellige kjelder, mellom anna Dei sameinte nasjonane, har opp mot 100&#160;000 menneske vorte drepne,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-extremetorture_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremetorture-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> mellom anna 11&#160;000 born.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For å sleppe unna valdshandlingane har over 4,9 millionar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flyktningar_i_den_syriske_borgarkrigen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Flyktningar i den syriske borgarkrigen (sida finst ikkje)">syrarar</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> flykta til nabolanda Jordan,<sup id="cite_ref-news24_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news24-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Irak,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Libanon og Tyrkia.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Det er estimert at 450&#160;000 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristendom_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristendom i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">syriske kristne</a> har flykta frå heimane sine.<sup id="cite_ref-war_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-war-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Etter kvart som borgarkrigen har vart, er det vorte reist spørsmål ved om landet ikkje lenger fungerer som ein <a href="/wiki/Stat" title="Stat">stat</a> og kjem til å dela seg opp i mindre einingar.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Endre bolk: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Geografi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate seealso"> <dl><dd><i>For meir om dette emnet, sjå <a href="/wiki/Syrisk_geografi" title="Syrisk geografi">Syrisk geografi</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Burjeslam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Burjeslam.jpg/220px-Burjeslam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Burjeslam.jpg/330px-Burjeslam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Burjeslam.jpg/440px-Burjeslam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burj_Islam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Burj Islam (sida finst ikkje)">Burj Islam</a>, ei kjend strand like nord for <a href="/wiki/Latakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Latakia">Latakia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Syria ligg mellom breiddegradene <a href="/w/index.php?title=32._nordlege_breiddegraden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="32. nordlege breiddegraden (sida finst ikkje)">32°</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=38._nordlege_breiddegraden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="38. nordlege breiddegraden (sida finst ikkje)">38° N</a>, og lengdegradene <a href="/w/index.php?title=35._austlege_lengdegraden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="35. austlege lengdegraden (sida finst ikkje)">35°</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=43._austlege_lengdegraden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="43. austlege lengdegraden (sida finst ikkje)">43° E</a>. Landet består hovudsakleg av tørre platå, sjølv om områda nordvest i landet, i nærleiken av Middelhavet er forholdsvis grønt. Den nordaustlege delen av landet, «Al Jazira» og den sørlege «Hawran» er viktige jordbruksområde.<sup id="cite_ref-geo_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geo-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eufrat" title="Eufrat">Eufrat</a> er den viktigaste elva i Syria og kryssar landet i aust. Landet vert rekna som ein av 15 statar som dannar ein del av den såkalla «<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sivilisasjons_vogge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sivilisasjons vogge (sida finst ikkje)">sivilisasjons vogge</a>».<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Petroleum i kommersielle mengder vart først oppdaga i nordaust i 1956. Dei viktigaste oljefelta er Suwaydiyah, Qaratshui, Rumayian og Tayyem, nær <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Dayr az–Zawr</a>. Felta er ei naturleg forlenging av dei irakiske felta i <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk" title="Kirkuk">Kirkuk</a>. Petroleum vart den viktigaste naturressursen til Syria og den største eksportvaren etter 1974. Det vart oppdaga naturgass ved feltet Jbessa i 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-USDoS_43-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDoS-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klima">Klima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Endre bolk: Klima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Klima"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Klima" title="Klima">Klimaet</a> i Syria er eit samandrag av klimaet i heile <a href="/wiki/Midtausten" title="Midtausten">Midtausten</a>. Langs kysten i nordvest har ein <a href="/wiki/Middelhavsklima" title="Middelhavsklima">middelhavsklima</a>, medan områda aust for fjellområda nær kysten er <a href="/wiki/%C3%98rken" title="Ørken">ørkenområde</a>. <a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a> er ein del av den <a href="/wiki/Fruktbare_halvm%C3%A5ne" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruktbare halvmåne">fruktbare halvmånen</a>, som er ei overgangssone nær grensa til Libanon, med akkurat nok fukt til at ein kan drive jordbruk. Vinteren er kjølig i fjellområda og på det nordlege platået med regn ein til to gonger i veka. Ein kan i tillegg få snø eit par gonger i året i Damaskus. Frå juni til august har ein derimot ikkje regn i det heile tatt. Denne perioden er òg varm om dagen, men nettene er forholdsvis kjølige, bortsett frå i ørkenområda der til og med nattetemperaturane er ubehagelege høge midt på sommaren. I ørkenområda kan ein få regn av og til om vinteren, og i somme tilfelle til og med snø. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politikk_og_styre">Politikk og styre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Endre bolk: Politikk og styre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Politikk og styre"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Syrian_Parliament_in_mid-20th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Syrian_Parliament_in_mid-20th_century.jpg/220px-Syrian_Parliament_in_mid-20th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Syrian_Parliament_in_mid-20th_century.jpg/330px-Syrian_Parliament_in_mid-20th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Syrian_Parliament_in_mid-20th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folker%C3%A5det_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Folkerådet i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">Den syriske regjeringa</a> midt på 1900-talet.</figcaption></figure> <p>Syria er ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Einingsstat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Einingsstat (sida finst ikkje)">einingsrepublikk</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_av_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="President av Syria (sida finst ikkje)">Presidenten</a> er statsleiaren og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statsminister_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Statsminister Syria (sida finst ikkje)">statsministeren</a> er regjeringssjef.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Folkerådet er ansvarleg for å vedta lover, godkjenne statsbudsjett og debattere politikk.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Om det skulle oppstå eit <a href="/wiki/Mistillitsvotum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistillitsvotum">mistillitsvotum</a> av eit simpelt fleirtal, må statsministeren tilby å tre av føre presidenten.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Den_ut%C3%B8vande_makta" title="Den utøvande makta">Den utøvande makta</a> består av presidenten, to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visepresident_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Visepresident Syria (sida finst ikkje)">visepresidentar</a>, statsministeren, og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministerr%C3%A5det_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministerrådet i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">Ministerrådet</a> (kabinettet). Grunnlova krev at presidenten er muslim<sup id="cite_ref-const_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-const-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, men gjer ikkje islam til statsreligion. </p><p>Grunnlova gjev presidenten rett til å utpeike ministrar, erklære krig og <a href="/wiki/Unntakstilstand" title="Unntakstilstand">unntakstilstand</a>, utstede lover (utanom når det er unntakstilstand då dette krev ei ratifisering frå Folkerådet), erklære <a href="/wiki/Amnesti" title="Amnesti">amnesti</a>, endre grunnlova, og utpeike embetsmenn og militærpersonell.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I følgje grunnlova frå 2012 kan presidenten veljast av syriske borgarar i eit direkte val. </p><p>Den lovgjevande makta i Syria er det eittkamra Folkerådet. Under den tidlegare grunnlova, hadde ikkje Syria fleirpartival for lovgjevingsmakta,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> med to tredjedelar av setene automatisk avsett til den styrande koalisjonen.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Den 7. mai 2012 heldt Syria dei første vala sine der parti utanfor den styrande koalisjonen kunne delta. Sju nye politiske parti tok del i valet, der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Folkefronten_for_endring_og_frigjering&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Folkefronten for endring og frigjering (sida finst ikkje)">Folkefronten for endring og frigjering</a> var det største opposisjonspartiet. Dei armerte regjeringsfiendtlege opprørarane valde å ikkje stille med kandidatar og bad støttespelarane sine om å boikotte valet. </p><p>Presidenten er generalsekretær i partiet, og leiaren for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasjonal_progressiv_front_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasjonal progressiv front i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">Nasjonal progressiv front</a> som er den styrande koalisjonen. Utanfor koalisjonen er det 14 ulovelege <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdarar_of_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurdarar of Syria (sida finst ikkje)">kurdiske</a> politiske parti.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>På grunn av den pågåande borgarkrigen vart forskjellige alternative regjeringar danna, mellom anna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_syriske_interimregjeringa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den syriske interimregjeringa (sida finst ikkje)">den syriske interimregjeringa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_demokratiske_unionpartiet_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det demokratiske unionpartiet i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">Det demokratiske unionpartiet</a> og lokale regionar styrte av <a href="/wiki/Sjarialov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjarialov">sjarialov</a>. Representantar frå den syriske interimregjeringa vart inviterte til å ta plassen til Styria i <a href="/wiki/Den_arabiske_ligaen" title="Den arabiske ligaen">Den arabiske ligaen</a> den 28. mars 2013<sup id="cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian.co.uk-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og vart respektert som den «den einaste representanten for det syriske folket» av fleire nasjonar, inkludert USA, Storbritannia og Frankrike.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usatoday.com_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday.com-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menneskerettar">Menneskerettar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Endre bolk: Menneskerettar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Menneskerettar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wounded_civilians_arrive_at_hospital_Aleppo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Wounded_civilians_arrive_at_hospital_Aleppo.jpg/220px-Wounded_civilians_arrive_at_hospital_Aleppo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Wounded_civilians_arrive_at_hospital_Aleppo.jpg/330px-Wounded_civilians_arrive_at_hospital_Aleppo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Wounded_civilians_arrive_at_hospital_Aleppo.jpg/440px-Wounded_civilians_arrive_at_hospital_Aleppo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1277" data-file-height="718" /></a><figcaption>Skadde sivile ved eit sjukehus i Aleppo i oktober 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>Sjølvstendige organisasjonar som <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> har i lang tid vore uroa for situasjonen for menneskerettar i Syria. I 2010 omtalte Human Rights Watch situasjonen i Syria som «ein av dei verste i verda».<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_House&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom House (sida finst ikkje)">Freedom House</a> rangerte Syria «Ikkje fritt» i den årlege <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_in_the_World&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom in the World (sida finst ikkje)">Freedom in the World</a>-undersøkinga.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Styresmaktene er skulda for å arrestere demokratiske aktivitstar og menneskerettsaktivistar, <a href="/wiki/Sensur" title="Sensur">sensur</a> av nettstader, arrestasjon av bloggarar og pålegge reiseforbod. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilfeldig_arrestasjon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tilfeldig arrestasjon (sida finst ikkje)">Tilfeldig arrestasjon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tortur" title="Tortur">tortur</a> og forsvinningar er utbreidd.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw.org_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw.org-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sjølv om grunnlova til Syria garanterer likskap mellom kjønna, seier kritikarane at personalstatuttlover og straffelova diskriminerer kvinner. I tillegg er lova mild mot såkalla «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86resdrap&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Æresdrap (sida finst ikkje)">æresdrap</a>».<sup id="cite_ref-hrw.org_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw.org-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I november 2011, under opprøret mot president Bashar al-Assad, rapporterte SN at av dei over 3500 dødsfalla, var over 250 barn så unge som to år gamle, og at gutar så unge som 11 år hadde blitt gjengvoldtatt av politiet.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_frie_syriske_h%C3%A6ren&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den frie syriske hæren (sida finst ikkje)">Folket mot styret til president Assad</a> hevda at meir enn 200, hovudsakleg sivile, vart massakrerte og kring 300 skadde i Hama då statlege styrkar bombarderte området den 12. juli 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>I august 2013 var regjeringa mistenkt for å ha nytta kjemiske våpen mot sivile. Den amerikanske utanriksministeren <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> sa det var «utan tvil» at kjemiske våpen var blitt nytta i landet og at styrkane til president Bashar al-Assad hadde drive «moralsk utukt» mott sitt eige folk. «Ta ikkje feil der,» sa Kerry. «President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> meiner at dei som nyttar dei mest avskyelege våpena i verda mot det mest sårbare folket i verda, må stillast til ansvar. Ingenting i dag er meir alvorleg, og ingenting vert granska meir alvorleg.».<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Naudretten set ein effektiv stoppar for dei fleste lovfesta borgarvern, og var i bruk frå 1963 til 21. april 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-decree53_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decree53-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bruken av retten vart rettferdiggjort av regjeringa i samband med den pågåande krigen med Israel over Golanhøgdene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forsvaret">Forsvaret</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Endre bolk: Forsvaret" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Forsvaret"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Syrian_soldier_aims_an_AK-47.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Syrian_soldier_aims_an_AK-47.JPEG/220px-Syrian_soldier_aims_an_AK-47.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Syrian_soldier_aims_an_AK-47.JPEG/330px-Syrian_soldier_aims_an_AK-47.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Syrian_soldier_aims_an_AK-47.JPEG/440px-Syrian_soldier_aims_an_AK-47.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2860" data-file-height="1910" /></a><figcaption>Syriske soldatar går med ei sovjetisk vernemaske og eit kinesisk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Type_56_automatgev%C3%A6r&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Type 56 automatgevær (sida finst ikkje)">Type-56</a> automatgevær.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidenten_av_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidenten av Syria (sida finst ikkje)">Presidenten av Syria</a> er øvstkommanderande for det syriske militæret, som består av 400&#160;000 soldatar når dei er mobilisert. Militæret er vernepliktig og menn må tene i militæret når dei vert 18.<sup id="cite_ref-globalsecurity_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalsecurity-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Den obligatoriske militærtenestetida har minka med med tida. I 2005 vart tida minka frå 2,5 år til 2 år, i 2008 til 21 månader og i 2011 til 1,5 år.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kring 20&#160;000 syriske soldatar vart sett i stilling i Libanon fram til 27. april 2005, då dei siste syriske soldatane forlet landet etter tre tiår med okkupasjon.<sup id="cite_ref-globalsecurity_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalsecurity-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sovjetunionen gav i lang tid trening, materiell og midlar til det syriske militæret, og då landet braut saman hadde ikkje Syria lenger den same tilgangen til moderne militærutstyr. Landet har eit arsenal av bakke-til-bakke-missil. Tidleg i 1990-åra fekk landet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scud&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Scud (sida finst ikkje)">Scud</a>-C-rakettar med ei rekkjevidd på 500 kilometer frå <a href="/wiki/Nord-Korea" title="Nord-Korea">Nord-Korea</a>, og Scud-D, med ei rekkjvidd på opp til 700&#160;km, vert visstnok utvikla av Syria med hjelp frå Nord-Korea og <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, i følgje Zisser.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Syria fekk mykje økonomisk støtte frå statane kring Persiabukta etter å ha delteke i <a href="/wiki/Golfkrigen" title="Golfkrigen">Golfkrigen</a>, og ein god del av desse midlane var øyremerka for militæret. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utanrikspolitikk">Utanrikspolitikk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Endre bolk: Utanrikspolitikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utanrikspolitikk"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Diplomatic_missions_of_Syria.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Diplomatic_missions_of_Syria.png/220px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Syria.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Diplomatic_missions_of_Syria.png/330px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Syria.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Diplomatic_missions_of_Syria.png/440px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Syria.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Diplomatiske oppdrag i Syria.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hovudmåla med utanrikspolitikken til president <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> er å sikre nasjonal tryggleik, få aukande påverknad hos dei arabiske naboane og sikre seg attende Golanhøgdene. Mange gonger gjennom historia har Syria vore i bitter strid med sine geografiske, kulturelle naboar, som Tyrkia, Israel, Irak og Libanon. Syria betra tilhøvet til fleire av statane i regionen på 2000-talet, før <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_arabiske_v%C3%A5ren&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den arabiske våren (sida finst ikkje)">den arabiske våren</a> og den syriske borgarkrigen. </p><p>Etter at den pågåande borgarkrigen starta i 2011 med dei mange drapa og menneskrettsbrota, har Syria i aukande grad vorte isolert frå dei andre landa i regionen, og det større internasjonale samfunnet. Syria har hatt diplomatiske forhold med fleire land, som <a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a>, og Golf-statane.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frå Den arabiske ligaen har Syria halde diplomatiske forhold med <a href="/wiki/Algerie" title="Algerie">Algerie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, Irak, Libanon, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a>. På grunn av valden mot dei sivile, har Syria blitt suspendert frå <a href="/wiki/Den_arabiske_ligaen" title="Den arabiske ligaen">Den arabiske ligaen</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisasjonen_for_islamsk_samarbeid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisasjonen for islamsk samarbeid (sida finst ikkje)">Organisasjonen for islamsk samarbeid</a> i 2012. Syria har framleis gode forhold med sine tradisjonelle allierte, Iran, Kina, Venezuela og Russland, som er av dei få landa som har støtta den syriske regjeringa i borgarkrigen. </p><p>Syria reknar <a href="/wiki/Provinsen_Hatay" title="Provinsen Hatay">provinsen Hatay</a> i Tyrkia som ein del av sitt eige territorium.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris9_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris9-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israel annekterte <a href="/wiki/Golanh%C3%B8gdene" title="Golanhøgdene">Golanhøgdene</a> i 1981, medan Syria held på kravet om å få attende dette territoriet. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_syriske_okkupasjonen_av_Libanon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den syriske okkupasjonen av Libanon (sida finst ikkje)">Den syriske okkupasjonen av Libanon</a> byrja i 1976 som følgje <a href="/wiki/Den_libanesiske_borgarkrigen" title="Den libanesiske borgarkrigen">borgarkrigen</a> der og enda i april 2006 etter indre og internasjonalt press etter drapet på den tidlegare libanesiske statsministeren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafik_Hariri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rafik Hariri (sida finst ikkje)">Rafik Hariri</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrativ_inndeling">Administrativ inndeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Endre bolk: Administrativ inndeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Administrativ inndeling"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate seealso"> <dl><dd><i>For meir om dette emnet, sjå <a href="/wiki/Guvernement_i_Syria" title="Guvernement i Syria">Guvernement i Syria</a>&#160;og <a href="/wiki/Distrikt_i_Syria" title="Distrikt i Syria">Distrikt i Syria</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <p>Syria er delt inn i 14 <a href="/wiki/Guvernement_i_Syria" title="Guvernement i Syria">guvernement</a>, som igjen er delt inn i 61 <a href="/wiki/Distrikt_i_Syria" title="Distrikt i Syria">distrikt</a>. Distrikta er igjen delt inn i underdistrikt. </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Nr.</th> <th>Guvernement</th> <th>Administrasjonsstad </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="15"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Syria,_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Syria%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg/440px-Syria%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Syria%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg/660px-Syria%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Syria%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg/880px-Syria%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>Guvernement i Syria</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lattakia_guvernement" title="Lattakia guvernement">Lattakia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lattakia" title="Lattakia">Lattakia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Idlib_guvernement" title="Idlib guvernement">Idlib</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_guvernement" title="Aleppo guvernement">Aleppo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Raqqah_guvernement" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Raqqah guvernement">Al-Raqqah</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Raqqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Raqqah">Al-Raqqah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_guvernement" title="Al-Hasakah guvernement">Al-Hasakah</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah" title="Al-Hasakah">Al-Hasakah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tartus_guvernement" title="Tartus guvernement">Tartus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tartus" title="Tartus">Tartus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hama_guvernement" title="Hama guvernement">Hama</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_guvernement" title="Deir ez-Zor guvernement">Deir ez-Zor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Homs_guvernement" title="Homs guvernement">Homs</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Damaskus_guvernement" class="mw-redirect" title="Damaskus guvernement">Damaskus</a></td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_guvernement" title="Rif Dimashq guvernement">Rif Dimashq</a></td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_guvernement" title="Quneitra guvernement">Quneitra</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quneitra" title="Quneitra">Quneitra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daraa_guvernement" title="Daraa guvernement">Daraa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daraa" title="Daraa">Daraa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Suwayda_guvernement" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Suwayda guvernement">Al-Suwayda</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Suwayda" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Suwayda">Al-Suwayda</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internett_og_telekommunikasjon">Internett og telekommunikasjon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Endre bolk: Internett og telekommunikasjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Internett og telekommunikasjon"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ansvaret for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telekommunikasjon_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Telekommunikasjon i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">telekommunikasjon i Syria</a> har <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departementet_for_kommunikasjon_og_teknologi_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Departementet for kommunikasjon og teknologi i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">departementet for kommunikasjon og teknologi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I tillegg spelar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrian_Telecom&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrian Telecom (sida finst ikkje)">Syrian Telecom</a> ei viktig rolle i å distribuere statleg Internettilgang.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syriske_elektroniske_armeen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syriske elektroniske armeen (sida finst ikkje)">syriske elektroniske armeen</a> tener som ein del av forsvaret i cyberspace og har lenge vorte rekna som ein fiende av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hacktivisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hacktivisme (sida finst ikkje)">hacktivistgruppa</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anonymous&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anonymous (sida finst ikkje)">Anonymous</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> På grunn av lover som sensurerer Internett, har 13&#160;000 Internett-aktivistar blitt arrestert mellom mars 2011 og august 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Økonomi"><span id=".C3.98konomi"></span>Økonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Endre bolk: Økonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Økonomi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Syria_Export_Treemap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Syria_Export_Treemap.png/220px-Syria_Export_Treemap.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Syria_Export_Treemap.png/330px-Syria_Export_Treemap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Syria_Export_Treemap.png/440px-Syria_Export_Treemap.png 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="751" /></a><figcaption>Syrisk eksportmatrise.</figcaption></figure> <p>Syria er klassifisert av <a href="/wiki/Verdsbanken" title="Verdsbanken">Verdsbanken</a> som eit land med «lågare gjennomsnittsintekt.»<sup id="cite_ref-data.worldbank.org_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data.worldbank.org-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Syria er avhengig av olje- og jordbrukssektorane.<sup id="cite_ref-wbbrief_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbbrief-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Oljesektoren utgjer kring 40&#160;% av eksportinntektene.<sup id="cite_ref-wbbrief_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbbrief-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I tillegg har prøverboringar indikert at det finst store mengder olje i Middelhavet mellom Syria og Kypros.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Jordbrukssektoren medverkar med kring 20&#160;% av BNP og 20&#160;% av sysselsetjinga. Oljereservane er venta å minke dei komande åra og Syria importerer alt meir olje enn dei eksporterer.<sup id="cite_ref-wbbrief_106-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbbrief-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sidan borgarkrigen byrja har økonomien minka med 35&#160;%, og det <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrisk_pund&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrisk pund (sida finst ikkje)">syriske pundet</a> har falle til ein sjettedel av verdien før krigen.<sup id="cite_ref-economycrumble_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economycrumble-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Staten er i aukande grad avhengig av lån frå Iran, Russland og Kina.<sup id="cite_ref-economycrumble_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economycrumble-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Økonomien er i stor grad regulert av staten, som har auka subsidiane og i aukande grad kontrollerer handel for å døyve protestane og verne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valutareserve&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valutareserve (sida finst ikkje)">valutareserven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Langvarige økonomiske restriksjonar omfattar utanlandske handelshindringar, minkande oljeproduksjon, høg arbeidsløyse, stigande budsjettunderskot, og aukande press på vassforsyningar på grunn av bruk av store mengder vatn i jordbruket, rask folkevekst, industriutvikling og vassforureining.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=UNDP&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="UNDP (sida finst ikkje)">UNDP</a> annonserte i 2005 at 30&#160;% av den syriske folkesetnaden lever i fattigdom og 11,4&#160;% lever under eksistensminimum.<sup id="cite_ref-USDoS_43-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDoS-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hovudeksportvarene til Syria er råolje, foredla produkt, uhandsama bomull, klede, frukt og korn. Dei viktigaste importvarene i Syria er råmateriale for industri, kjøretøy, jordbruksutstyr og tungt maskineri. Inntekter frå oljeeksportane og bidrag frå syriske arbeidarar er dei viktigaste kjeldene for staten til utanlandsk valuta.<sup id="cite_ref-USDoS_43-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDoS-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Syria sin del i den globale eksportmarknaden har gått gradvis nedover sidan 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-wbgrowth10_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbgrowth10-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Veksten av BNP per innbyggjar var berre 2,5% per år i perioden 2000–2008.<sup id="cite_ref-wbgrowth10_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbgrowth10-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arbeidsløysa er høg med over 10&#160;%. Fattigdomen har auka frå 11% i 2004 til 12,3% i 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-wbgrowth10_110-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbgrowth10-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Politisk ustabilitet utgjer ein trugsel mot framtidig økonomisk utvikling.<sup id="cite_ref-ief_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ief-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Utanlandske investeringar er avgrensa på grunn av vald, statlege restriksjonar, økonomiske sanksjonar og internasjonal isolering. Økonomien til Syria er òg hindra av statleg byråkrati, fallande oljeproduksjon, stigande budsjettunderskot og <a href="/wiki/Inflasjon" title="Inflasjon">inflasjon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ief_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ief-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Før borgarkrigen i 2011 hadde staten håpa å tiltrekke seg nye investeringar i turisme, naturgass, og tenestesektorar for å utvide økonomien og redusere avhengigheita av olje og jordbruk. Staten byrja å innføre økonomiske reformer retta mot å liberalisere dei fleste marknadane, men desse reformene gjekk sakte og var ad hoc, og har blitt heilt sett attende etter borgarkrigen braut ut i 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 2012 var verdien av den totale eksporten til Syria kutta med to tredjedelar, frå 12 milliardar USD i 2010 til berre 4 milliardar USD i 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-AFP_economy_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFP_economy-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Syria sitt BNP har minka med over 3&#160;% i 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og var venta å minke ytterlegare med 20&#160;% i 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 2012 var olje- og turistindustrien i Syria særleg øydelagd og 5 mrd. US-dollar gjekk tapt i den pågåande borgarkrigen.<sup id="cite_ref-AFP_economy_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFP_economy-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Oppbygging etter borgarkrigen vil koste så mykje som 10 mrd. USD.<sup id="cite_ref-AFP_economy_113-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFP_economy-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sanksjonar har tappa økonomien til staten. USA og EU har lagt ned forbod mot oljeimport, og då dette tredde i kraft i 2012, vart det estimert at dette kosta Syria kring 400 millionar USD i månaden.<sup id="cite_ref-shortap_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shortap-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inntektene frå turisme har falle dramatisk og hotellbelegget har falle frå 90&#160;% før krigen til mindre enn 15&#160;% i mai 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-economyhang_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economyhang-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kring 40&#160;% av alle tilsette i turistsektoren har mista jobbane sine etter krigen braut ut.<sup id="cite_ref-economyhang_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economyhang-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Petroleumsindustri">Petroleumsindustri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Endre bolk: Petroleumsindustri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Petroleumsindustri"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Oil_refinery_in_Homs,_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Oil_refinery_in_Homs%2C_2010.jpg/220px-Oil_refinery_in_Homs%2C_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Oil_refinery_in_Homs%2C_2010.jpg/330px-Oil_refinery_in_Homs%2C_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Oil_refinery_in_Homs%2C_2010.jpg/440px-Oil_refinery_in_Homs%2C_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1245" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Oljeraffineri i <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Syria har produsert tungolje frå felta i nordaust sidan 1960-åra. TIdleg i 1980-åra vart det oppdaga lettare, svovelhaldig olje nær <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a> aust i Syria. Oljeproduksjonen til Syria har falle dramatisk frå ein topp på nær 600&#160;000 tønner per dag i 1995 til mindre enn 140&#160;000 tønner per dag i 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Syria eksporterte kring 200&#160;000 tønner per dag i 2005 og olje er framleis ei viktig eksportinntekt for landet. Syria produserer òg 22 millionar kubikkmeter gass per dag og har reservar som er estimert til 240 kubikkilometer. Staten har starta å arbeide med internasjonale energiselskap med håp om å verte ein gasseksportør, men all gassen som i dag vert produsert vert nytta innanlands.<sup id="cite_ref-USDoS_43-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDoS-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Før opprøret vart meir enn 90&#160;% av den syriske olja eksportert til EU-land, medan resten gjekk til Tyrkia.<sup id="cite_ref-economyhang_117-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economyhang-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Olje- og gassinntektene utgjorde kring 20&#160;% av totalt BNP og 25&#160;% av dei totale inntektene til landet.<sup id="cite_ref-economyhang_117-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economyhang-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg/220px-%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg/330px-%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg/440px-%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Motorveg M5 nær Al-Rastan.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samferdsle">Samferdsle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Endre bolk: Samferdsle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Samferdsle"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syria har tre internasjonale flyplassar (Damaskus, Aleppo og Lattakia), som er knutepunkt for Syrian Air og tener òg forskjellige utanlandske selskap. </p><p>Det meste av den syriske frakta går med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemins_de_Fer_Syriens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemins de Fer Syriens (sida finst ikkje)">Chemins de Fer Syriens</a> (det syriske jernbaneselskapet), som har samband med <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrkiye_Cumhuriyeti_Devlet_Demiryollar%C4%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları (sida finst ikkje)">Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları</a> (det tyrkiske statlege jernbaneselskapet). For å vere eit relativt underutvikla land, er jernbanesystemet i Syria god utvikla med mange ekspressruter og moderne tog.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vegnettverket i Syria er 69&#160;873&#160;km langt og omfattar 1&#160;103&#160;km med motorvegar. Landet har òg 900&#160;km med farbare, men ikkje økonomisk viktige vassvegar.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Endre bolk: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Demografi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours" style="width: 15em; text-align: center; border-spacing: 0; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="navbox-title" style="padding:0.25em; font-size:110%">Historisk folketal (i mill.)</th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%"><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 1px; width: 3em;">År</th> <th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 1px; text-align: right;"><abbr title="Population">Innb.</abbr>&#160;&#160;</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 1px; text-align: right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate">±% p.år</abbr>&#160;&#160;</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1960 </th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">4&#160;565</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1970 </th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">6&#160;305</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">+3.28%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1981 </th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">9&#160;046</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">+3.34%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1994 </th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">13&#160;782</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">+3.29%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid #bbbbbb;">2004 </th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid #bbbbbb;">17&#160;921</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid #bbbbbb;">+2.66%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">2011 </th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">21&#160;124</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">+2.38%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 1px solid black; font-size: 85%; text-align: left;">Kjelde: Folketal i Syria<sup id="cite_ref-cbspop_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbspop-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Dei fleste innbyggjarane lever i <a href="/wiki/Eufrat" title="Eufrat">Eufratdalen</a> og langs kystsletta, ei frodig stripe mellom kystfjella og ørkenen. Folketettleiken i Syria er kring 99 per km². I følgje <i>World Refugee Survey 2008</i>, publisert av den amerikanske komiteen for flyktningar og immigrantar hadde Syria ein folkesetnad av flyktningar og asylsøkjarar som talte kring 1,85 millionar personar. Dei fleste av desse kom frå Irak (1,3 mill.), og store folkesetnader frå det tidlegare <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> (543&#160;400) og <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> (5200) lever òg i landet.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Refugee_Survey_2008_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Refugee_Survey_2008-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meir enn 7 millionar syrarar er blitt flytta på,<sup id="cite_ref-war_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-war-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og meir enn 2,1 millionar syrarar har flykta frå landet og vorte flyktningar etter den syriske borgarkrigen braut ut i mars 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etniske_grupper">Etniske grupper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Endre bolk: Etniske grupper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Etniske grupper"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate seealso"> <dl><dd><i>For meir om dette emnet, sjå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrarar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrarar (sida finst ikkje)">syrarar</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bedu_children,_Aleppo,_Syria_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bedu_children%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg/220px-Bedu_children%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bedu_children%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg/330px-Bedu_children%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bedu_children%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg/440px-Bedu_children%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1183" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Beduin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beduin">Beduinbarn</a> på landsbygda i Aleppo.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Damascus,_traditional_clothing_(6364877017).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Damascus%2C_traditional_clothing_%286364877017%29.jpg/220px-Damascus%2C_traditional_clothing_%286364877017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Damascus%2C_traditional_clothing_%286364877017%29.jpg/330px-Damascus%2C_traditional_clothing_%286364877017%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Damascus%2C_traditional_clothing_%286364877017%29.jpg/440px-Damascus%2C_traditional_clothing_%286364877017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Tradisjonelle klede i Damaskus.</figcaption></figure> <p>Syrarar er hovudsakleg eit lokalt <a href="/wiki/Levanten" title="Levanten">levantisk</a> folk, i nær slekt med sine næraste naboar, som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libanesar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Libanesar (sida finst ikkje)">libanesarane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestinarar" title="Palestinarar">palestinarar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israelittar" title="Israelittar">israelittar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irakarar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Irakarar (sida finst ikkje)">irakarar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltesarar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maltesarar (sida finst ikkje)">maltesarar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordanarar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordanarar (sida finst ikkje)">jordanarar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Syria har kring 22,5 millionar innbyggjarar. Syriske arabarar, og kring 400&#160;000 palestinske arabarar frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=SNs_hjelpeorganisasjon_for_palestinske_flyktningar_i_Midtausten&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="SNs hjelpeorganisasjon for palestinske flyktningar i Midtausten (sida finst ikkje)">SNs hjelpeorganisasjon for palestinske flyktningar i Midtausten</a>, utgjer kring 77&#160;% av folkesetnaden (om ein ser bort frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syriske_kristne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syriske kristne (sida finst ikkje)">syriske kristne</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_109-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I tillegg lever kring 1,3 millionar irakiske flyktningar i Syria i 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Refugee_Survey_2008_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Refugee_Survey_2008-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den nest største etniske gruppa i Syria er dei innfødde kristne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrisk-arameisk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrisk-arameisk (sida finst ikkje)">syrisk-arameiske</a> folka og <a href="/wiki/Assyrarar" title="Assyrarar">assyrarar</a>, som i lag utgjer kring 2,3 millionar eller like over 10&#160;% av folkesetnaden, medan aramearar utgjer 7,5&#160;% til 8&#160;% og assyrarar 2&#160;% til 2,5&#160;%.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Den syrisk-arameiske gruppa lever over heile landet, særleg i dei store byane, medan assyrarane hovudsakleg bur i nord og nordaust (Homs, Aleppo, Qamishli, Hasakah). Mange (særleg den assyriske gruppa) har framleis <a href="/wiki/Akkadisk" title="Akkadisk">akkadiskpåverka</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyarameisk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyarameisk (sida finst ikkje)">nyarameiske</a> dialektar som munnleg eller skriftleg språk, medan ei lita gruppe syrisk-aramearar framleis talar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestarameisk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestarameisk (sida finst ikkje)">vestarameisk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Talet på desse har auka på grunn av dei mange <a href="/wiki/Assyrarar" title="Assyrarar">assyriske</a> flyktningane frå Irak som flykta frå religiøs og etnisk forfølging etter <a href="/wiki/Irakkrigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Irakkrigen">Irakkrigen</a>, så folkesetnaden kan vere høgare enn det som er oppført her.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dei indoeuropeisk talande <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdarar_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurdarar i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">kurdarane</a> utgjer kring 9&#160;% av folkesetnaden, eller kring to millionar menneske.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dei fleste kurdarane bur nordaust i Syria og dei fleste snakkar ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurmanji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurmanji (sida finst ikkje)">kurmanji</a>-variant av <a href="/wiki/Kurdisk" title="Kurdisk">kurdisk</a>. </p><p>Dei fleste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syriske_tyrkarar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syriske tyrkarar (sida finst ikkje)">syriske tyrkarar</a> bur i Aleppo, Damaskus og Latakia og kring 500&#160;000–1&#160;000&#160;000, og utgjer mellom 2-4&#160;% av folkesetnaden.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenarar_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenarar i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">Armenarar</a>, eit indoeuropeiske <a href="/wiki/Kristne" title="Kristne">kristent</a> folk utgjer kring 100&#160;000, eller kring 0,5&#160;% av folkesetnaden. Dei fleste kom her under <a href="/wiki/Det_armenske_folkemordet" title="Det armenske folkemordet">det armenske folkemordet</a>. Syria har den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armensk_diaspora&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Armensk diaspora (sida finst ikkje)">7. største armenske folkesetnaden i verda</a>. Dei er hovudsakleg samla i Aleppo, <a href="/wiki/Qamishli" title="Qamishli">Qamishli</a>, Damaskus og <a href="/wiki/Kesab" title="Kesab">Kesab</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Umayyad_Mosque,_Aleppo,_Syria_(5077865830).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_%285077865830%29.jpg/220px-Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_%285077865830%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_%285077865830%29.jpg/330px-Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_%285077865830%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_%285077865830%29.jpg/440px-Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Aleppo%2C_Syria_%285077865830%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Barn i Aleppo</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tjerkessarar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tjerkessarar (sida finst ikkje)">Tjerkessarar</a>, eit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordvestkaukasisk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordvestkaukasisk (sida finst ikkje)">nordvestkaukasisktalande</a> folk, utgjer kring 100&#160;000.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jezidismen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezidismen">Jezidiar</a>, ei etnisk gruppe med sin eigen religion, <a href="/wiki/Jezidisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezidisme">jezidisme</a>, utgjer 10&#160;000 personar som hovudsakleg lever i regionen <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Sinjar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Sinjar">Jabal Sinjar</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Grekarar" title="Grekarar">Grekarar</a> utgjer kring 5000 menneske og bur hovudsakleg i Damaskus og Aleppo. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mhallami&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mhallami (sida finst ikkje)">Mhallami</a> er ei grein av den syrisk-arameiske folkesetnaden som konverterte til verdsleg islam, men som har halde den arameiske identiteten, utgjer kring 2000. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mandearar" title="Mandearar">Mandearar</a>, eit <a href="/wiki/Mandeisk" title="Mandeisk">mandeisktalande</a> folk, utgjer nokre få hundre, hovudsakleg flyktningar frå Irak. </p><p><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8dar" title="Jødar">Jødar</a>, som det ein gong var mange av, er redusert til kring 200. </p><p>Den største konsentrasjonen av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_syriske_diasporaen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den syriske diasporaen (sida finst ikkje)">den syriske diasporaen</a> utanfor <a href="/wiki/Den_arabiske_verda" title="Den arabiske verda">den arabiske verda</a> er i <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>, der millionar av folk har arabiske aner eller aner frå andre stader i det nære austen.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Brasil var det først landet i Amerika som gav humanitære visum til syriske flyktningar..<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dei fleste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabiske_argentinarar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabiske argentinarar (sida finst ikkje)">arabiske argentinarar</a> har bakgrunn frå anten Libanon eller Syria..<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Endre bolk: Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Religion"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Omayad_Mosque_of_Aleppo_Syria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Omayad_Mosque_of_Aleppo_Syria.jpg/220px-Omayad_Mosque_of_Aleppo_Syria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Omayad_Mosque_of_Aleppo_Syria.jpg/330px-Omayad_Mosque_of_Aleppo_Syria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Omayad_Mosque_of_Aleppo_Syria.jpg/440px-Omayad_Mosque_of_Aleppo_Syria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Den_store_moskeen_i_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Den store moskeen i Aleppo">Den store moskeen i Aleppo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sunni-arabarar utgjer kring 59–60&#160;% av folkesetnaden. Dei fleste kurdarane (9&#160;%) og tyrkarane (3&#160;%) er sunni, medan 13&#160;% er sjia (<a href="/wiki/Alawittar" title="Alawittar">alawittar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tolvarsekta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tolvarsekta (sida finst ikkje)">tolvarsekta</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ismailittar" title="Ismailittar">ismailittar</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-USdos_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USdos-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 10&#160;% kristne<sup id="cite_ref-USdos_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USdos-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (dei fleste antiokiske ortodokse, resten gresk-katolske, den assyriske austlege kyrkja, armenske ortodokse, protestantar og andre trusretningar), og 3&#160;% <a href="/wiki/Drusar" class="mw-redirect" title="Drusar">drusar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USdos_135-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USdos-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Drusar utgjer kring 500&#160;000 og lever hovudsakleg i det sørlege området <a href="/wiki/Jabal_al-Druze" title="Jabal al-Druze">Jabal al-Druze</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-book_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Familien til president Bashar al-Assad er alawittar og alawittar dominerer regjeringa i Syria og dei viktigaste stillingane i militæret.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kristne (2,5 millionar) utgjer ein stor del av dei palestinske flyktningane i Syria og er delt inn i fleire grupper. <a href="/wiki/Kyrkjem%C3%B8tet_i_Kalkedon" title="Kyrkjemøtet i Kalkedon">Kaledonske</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_ortodokse_kyrkja_i_Antiokia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den ortodokse kyrkja i Antiokia (sida finst ikkje)">antiokisk-ortodokse</a> utgjer 35,7&#160;% av den kristne folkesetnaden; katolikkar (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_melkittiske_kyrkja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den melkittiske kyrkja (sida finst ikkje)">melkittisk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_armensk-katolske_kyrkja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den armensk-katolske kyrkja (sida finst ikkje)">armensk-katolske</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_syrisk-katolske_kyrkja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den syrisk-katolske kyrkja (sida finst ikkje)">syrisk-katolsk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_syrisk-maronittiske_kyrkja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den syrisk-maronittiske kyrkja (sida finst ikkje)">maronittisk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_kaldeisk-katolske_kyrkja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den kaldeisk-katolske kyrkja (sida finst ikkje)">kaldeisk-katolsk</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinsk_ritus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Latinsk ritus (sida finst ikkje)">latin</a>) utgjer 26,2&#160;%; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_armenske_apostoliske_kyrkja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den armenske apostoliske kyrkja (sida finst ikkje)">Den armenske apostoliske kyrkja</a> 10,9&#160;%, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_syrisk-ortodokse_kyrkja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den syrisk-ortodokse kyrkja (sida finst ikkje)">syrisk-ortodokse</a> utgjer 22,4&#160;%; <a href="/wiki/Den_assyriske_kyrkja" class="mw-redirect" title="Den assyriske kyrkja">den assyriske kyrkja</a> og fleire mindre kristne trusretningar utgjer resten. Mange kristne <a href="/wiki/Kloster" title="Kloster">kloster</a> finst òg. Mange kristne syrarar høyrer til den øvre samfunnsklassen.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Språk"><span id="Spr.C3.A5k"></span>Språk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Endre bolk: Språk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Språk"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">Arabisk</a> er det <a href="/wiki/Offisielt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Offisielt språk">offisielle språket</a>. Fleire moderne arabiske dialektar vert nytta i kvardagen, hovudsakleg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Levantinsk_arabisk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Levantinsk arabisk (sida finst ikkje)">levantinsk</a> i vesten og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesopotamisk_arabisk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesopotamisk arabisk (sida finst ikkje)">mesopotamisk</a> i nordaust. <a href="/wiki/Kurdisk" title="Kurdisk">Kurdisk</a> (i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurmanji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurmanji (sida finst ikkje)">kurmanji</a>-form) vert mykje nytta i <a href="/wiki/Kurdarar" title="Kurdarar">kurdiske</a> regionar i Syria. <a href="/wiki/Armensk" title="Armensk">Armensk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tyrkisk" title="Tyrkisk">tyrkisk</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B8raserbajsjansk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Søraserbajsjansk (sida finst ikkje)">søraserbajsjansk</a> dialekt) vert snakka blant <a href="/wiki/Armenarar" title="Armenarar">armenske</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syriske_tyrkarar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syriske tyrkarar (sida finst ikkje)">tyrkiske</a> minoritetar. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arameisk" title="Arameisk">Arameisk</a> var <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> i regionen før arabisk, og vert framleis tala av <a href="/wiki/Assyrarar" title="Assyrarar">assyrarar</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Gammalsyrisk" title="Gammalsyrisk">gammalsyrisk</a> vert framleis nytta som liturgisk språk i <a href="/wiki/Syrisk_kristendom" title="Syrisk kristendom">forskjellige syriske kristne trusretningar</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyvestarameisk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyvestarameisk (sida finst ikkje)">Nyvestarameisk</a> vert framleis talt i landsbyen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%60loula&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma`loula (sida finst ikkje)">Ma`loula</a> og to nabolandsbyar kring 50&#160;km nordaust for Damaskus. </p><p>Mange utdanna syrarar snakkar òg engelsk og fransk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Største_byar"><span id="St.C3.B8rste_byar"></span>Største byar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=29" title="Endre bolk: Største byar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Største byar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="navbox" style="width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="float: left; margin-left:0.75em"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:St%C3%B8rste_byar_i_Syria" title="Mal:Største byar i Syria"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:St%C3%B8rste_byar_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Største byar i Syria (sida finst ikkje)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-endre"><a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mal:St%C3%B8rste_byar_i_Syria&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Endre denne malen">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:120%;">Største byar i <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syria</a></span><br /><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbssyr.org/General%20census/census%202004/pop-man.pdf">Offisiell folketeljing 2004</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rang. </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Byar_i_Syria" title="Byar i Syria">Namn</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Guvernement_i_Syria" title="Guvernement i Syria">Guvernement i Syria</a> </th> <th>Innb. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Aleppo_at_night11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aleppo"><img alt="Aleppo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Aleppo_at_night11.jpg/120px-Aleppo_at_night11.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Aleppo_at_night11.jpg/180px-Aleppo_at_night11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Aleppo_at_night11.jpg/240px-Aleppo_at_night11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3501" data-file-height="1674" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Damascus_from_Qasiyon.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Damaskus"><img alt="Damaskus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Damascus_from_Qasiyon.JPG/120px-Damascus_from_Qasiyon.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Damascus_from_Qasiyon.JPG/180px-Damascus_from_Qasiyon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Damascus_from_Qasiyon.JPG/240px-Damascus_from_Qasiyon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">1</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_guvernement" title="Aleppo guvernement">Aleppo guvernement</a></td> <td align="right">2&#160;132&#160;100 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Khaled_Ebn_El-Walid_Mosque3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Homs"><img alt="Homs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Khaled_Ebn_El-Walid_Mosque3.jpg/120px-Khaled_Ebn_El-Walid_Mosque3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Khaled_Ebn_El-Walid_Mosque3.jpg/180px-Khaled_Ebn_El-Walid_Mosque3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Khaled_Ebn_El-Walid_Mosque3.jpg/240px-Khaled_Ebn_El-Walid_Mosque3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="510" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Lattakia_1970.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lattakia"><img alt="Lattakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lattakia_1970.jpg/120px-Lattakia_1970.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lattakia_1970.jpg/180px-Lattakia_1970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lattakia_1970.jpg/240px-Lattakia_1970.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="404" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lattakia" title="Lattakia">Lattakia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">2</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a></td> <td align="right">1&#160;711&#160;000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">3</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Homs_guvernement" title="Homs guvernement">Homs guvernement</a></td> <td align="right">652&#160;609 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">4</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Lattakia" title="Lattakia">Lattakia</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Lattakia_guvernement" title="Lattakia guvernement">Lattakia guvernement</a></td> <td align="right">383&#160;786 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">5</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hama_guvernement" title="Hama guvernement">Hama guvernement</a></td> <td align="right">312&#160;994 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">6</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Ar-Raqqah" title="Ar-Raqqah">Ar-Raqqah</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ar_Raqqah_guvernement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar Raqqah guvernement">Ar Raqqah guvernement</a></td> <td align="right">220&#160;488 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">7</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_guvernement" title="Deir ez-Zor guvernement">Deir ez-Zor guvernement</a></td> <td align="right">211&#160;857 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">8</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah" title="Al-Hasakah">Al-Hasakah</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_guvernement" title="Al-Hasakah guvernement">Al-Hasakah guvernement</a></td> <td align="right">188&#160;160 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">9</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Qamishli" title="Qamishli">Qamishli</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_guvernement" title="Al-Hasakah guvernement">Al-Hasakah guvernement</a></td> <td align="right">184&#160;231 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">10</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Sayyidah_Zaynab" title="Sayyidah Zaynab">Sayyidah Zaynab</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_guvernement" title="Rif Dimashq guvernement">Rif Dimashq guvernement</a></td> <td align="right">136&#160;427 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultur">Kultur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=30" title="Endre bolk: Kultur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kultur"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syria er eit tradisjonelt samfunn med ei lang kulturhistorie.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Familie, religion, utdanning, sjølvdisiplin og respekt er viktig. Syrarar har smak for tradisjonell kultur, uttrykt i dansar som al-samah, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dabkeh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dabkeh (sida finst ikkje)">dabkeh</a> i alle sine variasjonar og sverddansen. Folketradisjonane kjem tydeleg fram under bryllaupsseremoniar og barnefødslar.<sup id="cite_ref-traditional_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-traditional-140"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=31" title="Endre bolk: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kunstgalerie_in_Damaskus,_Syrien.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kunstgalerie_in_Damaskus%2C_Syrien.JPG/170px-Kunstgalerie_in_Damaskus%2C_Syrien.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kunstgalerie_in_Damaskus%2C_Syrien.JPG/255px-Kunstgalerie_in_Damaskus%2C_Syrien.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kunstgalerie_in_Damaskus%2C_Syrien.JPG/340px-Kunstgalerie_in_Damaskus%2C_Syrien.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="3800" /></a><figcaption>Kunstgalleri i Damaskus.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrisk_litteratur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrisk litteratur (sida finst ikkje)">Syrisk litteratur</a> har medverka til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabisk_litteratur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabisk litteratur (sida finst ikkje)">arabisk litteratur</a> og har ein stolt tradisjon innan munnleg og skriftleg poesi. Syriske forfattarar, der mange av dei emigrerte til Egypt, spelte ei viktig rolle i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahda (sida finst ikkje)">nahdaen</a> eller den arabiske littereære og kulturelle gjenopplivinga på 1800-talet. Viktige syriske forfattarar i nyare tid er mellom andre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Ahmad_Said&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Ahmad Said (sida finst ikkje)">Adonis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_al-Maghut&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad al-Maghut (sida finst ikkje)">Muhammad Maghout</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haidar_Haidar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Haidar Haidar (sida finst ikkje)">Haidar Haidar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghada_al-Samman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghada al-Samman (sida finst ikkje)">Ghada al-Samman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizar_Qabbani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizar Qabbani (sida finst ikkje)">Nizar Qabbani</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakariyya_Tamer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zakariyya Tamer (sida finst ikkje)">Zakariyya Tamer</a>. </p><p>Ba'ath-partistyret har sidan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syriske_statskuppet_i_1966&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syriske statskuppet i 1966 (sida finst ikkje)">kuppet i 1966</a> drive med sensur. I denne samanengen vert sjangeren historiske romanar, med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabil_Sulayman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabil Sulayman (sida finst ikkje)">Nabil Sulayman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fawwaz_Haddad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fawwaz Haddad (sida finst ikkje)">Fawwaz Haddad</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khyri_al-Dhahabi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Khyri al-Dhahabi (sida finst ikkje)">Khyri al-Dhahabi</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihad_Siris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihad Siris (sida finst ikkje)">Nihad Siris</a> i spissen, stundom nytta til å uttrykke misnøye, kritisere notida gjennom skildringar av fortida. Syriske <a href="/wiki/Folkeminne" title="Folkeminne">folkeminne</a>, som ein undersjanger av historisk fiksjon, er full av <a href="/wiki/Magisk_realisme" title="Magisk realisme">magisk realisme</a>, og vert òg nytta til skjult kritikk av notida. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salim_Barakat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Salim Barakat (sida finst ikkje)">Salim Barakat</a>, ein syrisk emigrant i Sverige, er ein av dei leiande forfattarane innan sjangeren. Moderne syrisk litteratur omfattar òg science fiction og futuristiske <a href="/wiki/Utopi" title="Utopi">utopiar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuhad_Sharif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuhad Sharif (sida finst ikkje)">Nuhad Sharif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talib_Umran&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Talib Umran (sida finst ikkje)">Talib Umran</a>), som òg fungerer som eit talerøyr for misnøye. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Populærkultur"><span id="Popul.C3.A6rkultur"></span>Populærkultur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=32" title="Endre bolk: Populærkultur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Populærkultur"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrisk_musikk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrisk musikk (sida finst ikkje)">Det syriske musikkmiljøet</a>, særleg det i Damaskus, har lenge vore av dei viktigaste i den den arabiske verda, særleg innan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_arabisk_musikk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Klassisk arabisk musikk (sida finst ikkje)">klassisk arabisk musikk</a>. Syria har produsert fleire stjerner for den arabiske verda, som <a href="/wiki/Asmahan" title="Asmahan">Asmahan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farid_al-Atrash&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Farid al-Atrash (sida finst ikkje)">Farid al-Atrash</a> og songaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lena_Chamamyan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lena Chamamyan (sida finst ikkje)">Lena Chamamyan</a>. Aleppo er kjend for sin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muwashshah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Muwashshah (sida finst ikkje)">muwashshah</a>, ei form for <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">andalusisk</a> songdikting som vart popularisert av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabri_Moudallal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabri Moudallal (sida finst ikkje)">Sabri Moudallal</a>, i tillegg til popstjerner som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_Fakhri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah Fakhri (sida finst ikkje)">Sabah Fakhri</a>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fjernsyn_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fjernsyn i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">Fjernsyn</a> vart først innført i Syria i 1960, då Syria og Egypt (som starta fjernsynssendingar same året) vart ein del av <a href="/wiki/Den_sameinte_arabiske_republikken" title="Den sameinte arabiske republikken">Den sameinte arabiske republikken</a>. Fjernsynssendingane gjekk i svartkvitt fram til 1976. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrisk_s%C3%A5peopera&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrisk såpeopera (sida finst ikkje)">Syrisk såpeopera</a> har ein forholdsvis stor marknadsdel i den austlege arabiske verda.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nesten alt av syrisk media er statseigd, og Ba'ath-partiet kontrollerer nesten alle aviser.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Styresmaktene driv fleire etterretningsbyrå,<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> mellom anna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milit%C3%A6r_etterretning_i_Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Militær etterretning i Syria (sida finst ikkje)">Shu'bat al-Mukhabarat al-'Askariyya</a>, som nyttar mange operatørar.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idrett">Idrett</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=33" title="Endre bolk: Idrett" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Idrett"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dei mest populære idrettsgreinene i Syria er <a href="/wiki/Fotball" title="Fotball">fotball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symjing" title="Symjing">symjing</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>. Damaskus var vertsby for den femte og sjuande <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dei_pan-arabiske_leikane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dei pan-arabiske leikane (sida finst ikkje)">pan-arabiske leikane</a>. Mange fotballag held til i Damaskus, Aleppo, Homs og Latakia. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasiyyin_stadion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbasiyyin stadion (sida finst ikkje)">Abbasiyyin stadion</a> i Damaskus er heimebanen til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syriske_landslaget_i_fotball&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syriske landslaget i fotball (sida finst ikkje)">det syriske landslaget i fotball</a>. Laget har hatt noko suksess og har kvalifisert seg fire gonger for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asiamesterskapen_i_fotball&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asiamesterskapen i fotball (sida finst ikkje)">Asiamesterskapen i fotball</a>. Laget spelte den første landskapen sin den 20. november 1949 då dei tapte mot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_tyrksike_herrelandslaget_i_fotball&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det tyrksike herrelandslaget i fotball (sida finst ikkje)">Tyrkia</a> 7–0. Laget var rangert på 137. plass på <a href="/w/index.php?title=FIFA-rankinga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="FIFA-rankinga (sida finst ikkje)">FIFA-rankinga</a> i mars 2014. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mat">Mat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=34" title="Endre bolk: Mat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Mat"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate seealso"> <dl><dd><i>For meir om dette emnet, sjå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrisk_mat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrisk mat (sida finst ikkje)">syrisk mat</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Fattoush.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Fattoush.JPG/220px-Fattoush.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Fattoush.JPG/330px-Fattoush.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Fattoush.JPG/440px-Fattoush.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fattoush&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fattoush (sida finst ikkje)">Fattoush</a> er eit døme på syrisk mat.</figcaption></figure> <p>Syrisk mat består hovudsakleg av rettar typisk for det sørlege Middelhavet, gresk mat og sørvestasiatisk mat. Somme syriske rettar har òg utvikla seg frå tyrkisk og fransk kjøken, som <a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">sjisjkebab</a>, fylte <a href="/wiki/Aubergine" title="Aubergine">auberginar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yabra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yabra (sida finst ikkje)">yabra</a> (fylte drueblad). </p><p>Hovudrettane som utgjer syrisk mat er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kibbeh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kibbeh (sida finst ikkje)">kibbeh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hummus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hummus (sida finst ikkje)">hummus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabbouleh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabbouleh (sida finst ikkje)">tabbouleh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fattoush&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fattoush (sida finst ikkje)">fattoush</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labneh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Labneh (sida finst ikkje)">labneh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawarma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawarma (sida finst ikkje)">shawarma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaddara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mujaddara (sida finst ikkje)">mujaddara</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanklish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanklish (sida finst ikkje)">shanklish</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Past%C4%B1rma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pastırma (sida finst ikkje)">pastırma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sujuk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sujuk (sida finst ikkje)">sujuk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">baklava</a>. Baklava er laga av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Filo (sida finst ikkje)">filodeig</a> fylt med hakka nøter og dyppa i <a href="/wiki/Honning" title="Honning">honning</a>. Syrarar serverer ofte ei rekkje smårettar, kalla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meze&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Meze (sida finst ikkje)">meze</a>, før hovudretten. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Za%27atar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Za&#39;atar (sida finst ikkje)">Za'atar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kj%C3%B8tdeig&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kjøtdeig (sida finst ikkje)">kjøtdeig</a>, og oste-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manakish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Manakish (sida finst ikkje)">manakish</a> er populære <a href="/wiki/Forrett" title="Forrett">forrettar</a>. Det arabiske flatbrødet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khubz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Khubz (sida finst ikkje)">khubz</a> vert alltid eten i lag med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meze&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Meze (sida finst ikkje)">meze</a>. </p><p>Drykker i Syria varier avhengig av tid på dagen og kva høve det skal drikkast til. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabisk_kaffi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabisk kaffi (sida finst ikkje)">Arabisk kaffi</a>, eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrkisk_kaffi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyrkisk kaffi (sida finst ikkje)">tyrkisk kaffi</a>, er den mest kjende varme drykken, vanlegvis til frokost eller kvelds. Kaffi vert vanlegvis servert for gjester eller etter maten. <a href="/wiki/Arak" class="mw-disambig" title="Arak">Arak</a> er ein alkoholhaldig drykk som houvdsakleg vert servert ved spesielle høve. Andre syriske drykkar er <a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">ayran</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jallab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jallab (sida finst ikkje)">jallab</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvit_kaffi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvit kaffi (sida finst ikkje)">kvit kaffi</a> og eit lokalt produsert øl kalla Al Shark. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utdanning">Utdanning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=35" title="Endre bolk: Utdanning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utdanning"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Damascus_university_internal_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Damascus_university_internal_view.jpg/220px-Damascus_university_internal_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Damascus_university_internal_view.jpg/330px-Damascus_university_internal_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Damascus_university_internal_view.jpg/440px-Damascus_university_internal_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaskus_universitet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Damaskus universitet (sida finst ikkje)">Damaskus universitet</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Utdanning er gratis og obligatorisk i alderen 6 til 12 år. Skulen består av seks år med grunnskuleutdanning, etterfølgt av ein 3-årig studieførebuande eller yrkesfagleg opplæringsperiode og eit treårig akademisk eller yrkesfagleg program. Den andre treårige periode med akademisk opplæring er naudsynt for å takast opp ved universiteta. Samla opptak ved vidaregåande skular er over 150&#160;000. <a href="/wiki/Lesekunne" title="Lesekunne">Lesekunna</a> i Syria for personar frå 15 år og oppover er 90,7&#160;% for menn og 82,2&#160;% for kvinner.<sup id="cite_ref-US_department_of_States_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_department_of_States-145"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-impact-se_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-impact-se-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sidan 1967 har alle skular, høgskular og universitet vore underlagt tett statleg styring av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syriske_Ba%27ath-partiet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syriske Ba&#39;ath-partiet (sida finst ikkje)">Ba'ath-partiet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det er seks statlege universitet i Syria<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og 15 private.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dei to øvste statlege universiteta er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitetet_i_Damaskus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitetet i Damaskus (sida finst ikkje)">Universitetet i Damaskus</a> (180&#160;000 studentar)<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitetet_i_Aleppo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitetet i Aleppo (sida finst ikkje)">Universitetet i Aleppo</a>. Dei øvste private universiteta i Syria er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_syriske_private_universitetet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det syriske private universitetet (sida finst ikkje)">Det syriske private universitetet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_arabiske_internasjonale_universitet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det arabiske internasjonale universitet (sida finst ikkje)">Det arabiske internasjonale universitet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitetet_i_Kalamoon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitetet i Kalamoon (sida finst ikkje)">Universitetet i Kalamoon</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_internasjonale_universitetet_for_vitskap_og_teknologi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Det internasjonale universitetet for vitskap og teknologi (sida finst ikkje)">Det internasjonale universitetet for vitskap og teknologi</a>. Det er òg mange høgskular i Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>I følgje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Webometrics_Ranking_of_World_Universities&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Webometrics Ranking of World Universities (sida finst ikkje)">Webometrics Ranking of World Universities</a> er det høgast rangerte universitetet i landet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaskus_universitet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Damaskus universitet (sida finst ikkje)">Damaskus universitet</a> (3540. plass i verda), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiteet_i_Aleppo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiteet i Aleppo (sida finst ikkje)">Universiteet i Aleppo</a> (7176. plass) og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tishreen_universitet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tishreen universitet (sida finst ikkje)">Tishreen universitet</a> (7968.).<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Helse">Helse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=36" title="Endre bolk: Helse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Helse"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I 2010 utgjorde helsevesenet 3,41&#160;% av landet sitt BNP. I 2008 var det 14,92 legar og 18,50 sykepleiarar per 10&#160;000 innbyggjarar.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Forventa levealder var 75,70 år i 2010, eller 74,19 år for menn og 77,30 år for kvinner.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=37" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><i>Denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" class="extiw" title="en:Syria">Syria</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a>, den 19. mars 2014.</i> <ul><li><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a> oppgav desse kjeldene: </i></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Generelle referansar</dt></dl> <ul><li>Boczek, Boleslaw Adam (2006). <i>International Law: A Dictionary</i>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0810850788" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8108-5078-8</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFinkelstein2003" class="citation book">Finkelstein, Norman (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=vNb5VkyxDlYC&amp;printsec=frontcover"><i>Image and reality of the Israel-Palestine conflict</i></a>. Verso. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/1-85984-442-1" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/1-85984-442-1">1-85984-442-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Norman&amp;rft.aulast=Finkelstein&amp;rft.btitle=Image+and+reality+of+the+Israel-Palestine+conflict&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1-85984-442-1&amp;rft.pub=Verso&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DvNb5VkyxDlYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li>Glass, Charles. «Tribes with Flags: A Dangerous Passage Through the Chaos of the Middle East», Atlantic Monthly Press (New York) and Picador (London), 1990 <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0436181304" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-436-18130-4</a></li> <li>Karoubi, Mohammad Taghi (2004). <i>Just or Unjust War?</i> Ashgate Publishing <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0754623750" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7546-2375-0</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">The editors of Time-Life Books. (1989). <i>Timeframe evt. 1200–1300: The Mongol Conquests</i>. Time-Life Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-8094-6437-3" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-8094-6437-3">0-8094-6437-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=The+editors+of+Time-Life+Books.&amp;rft.btitle=Timeframe+evt.+1200%931300%3A+The+Mongol+Conquests&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-8094-6437-3&amp;rft.pub=Time-Life+Books&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li>Forward Magazine (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://fw-magazine.com/">[1]</a>), Syria's English monthly since 2007.</li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3318915">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061111111827/http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Ramad.html">«Neolithic Tell Ramad in the Damaskus Basin of Syria»</a>. Web.archive.org. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Ramad.html">originalen</a> 11. november 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Neolithic+Tell+Ramad+in+the+Damaskus+Basin+of+Syria&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Web.archive.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fancientneareast.tripod.com%2FRamad.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2013/syria">«Freedom on the world report»</a>. Freedomhouse.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Freedom+on+the+world+report&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Freedomhouse.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freedomhouse.org%2Freport%2Ffreedom-world%2F2013%2Fsyria&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Sturdy_House_That_Assad_Built-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-The_Sturdy_House_That_Assad_Built_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-The_Sturdy_House_That_Assad_Built_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Michael Bröning (7. mars 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67561/michael-broening/the-sturdy-house-that-assad-built">«The Sturdy House That Assad Built»</a>. The Foreign Affairs.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Michael+Br%C3%B6ning&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sturdy+House+That+Assad+Built&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=The+Foreign+Affairs&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2F67561%2Fmichael-broening%2Fthe-sturdy-house-that-assad-built&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_Den_arabiske_ligaen-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_Den_arabiske_ligaen_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">MacFarquhar, Neil (19. mars 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/13/world/middleeast/arab-league-votes-to-suspend-syria-over-its-crackdown-on-protesters.html">«Arabic League Votes to Suspend Syria»</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Arabic+League+Votes+to+Suspend+Syria&amp;rft.aufirst=Neil&amp;rft.aulast=MacFarquhar&amp;rft.chron=19.+mars+2014&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F11%2F13%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Farab-league-votes-to-suspend-syria-over-its-crackdown-on-protesters.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN_OIC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CNN_OIC_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/13/world/meast/syria-unrest/index.html?hpt=hp_t1">«Regional group votes to suspend Syria; rebels claim downing of jet»</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 19. mars 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Regional+group+votes+to+suspend+Syria%3B+rebels+claim+downing+of+jet&amp;rft.chron=19.+mars+2014&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CNN&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2012%2F08%2F13%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Fsyria-unrest%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3Dhp_t1&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-12/01/c_131282989.htm">«Syria suspends its membership in Mediterranean union»</a>. Xinhua. 1 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+suspends+its+membership+in+Mediterranean+union&amp;rft.date=2012-12-01&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Xinhua&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish2010%2Fworld%2F2011-12%2F01%2Fc_131282989.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian.co.uk-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_7-1">7,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Black, Ian (26 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/26/syrian-opposition-appeals-nato-support">«Syrian opposition takes Arabic League seat»</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Syrian+opposition+takes+Arabic+League+seat&amp;rft.aufirst=Ian&amp;rft.aulast=Black&amp;rft.date=2013-03-26&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fmar%2F26%2Fsyrian-opposition-appeals-nato-support&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Herodotos" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodotos">Herodotos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Historiar_av_Herodotos&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Historiar av Herodotos (sida finst ikkje)">Historiar</a>, VII.63, <a href="https://nn.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_Herodotos/Book_7" class="extiw" title="s:History of Herodotos/Book 7">s:History of Herodotos/Book 7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Joseph, John (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v11n2/JohnJoseph.pdf">«Assyria and Syria: Synonyms?»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft.aulast=Joseph&amp;rft.btitle=Assyria+and+Syria%3A+Synonyms%3F&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaas.org%2Fedocs%2Fv11n2%2FJohnJoseph.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Først foreslått av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_N%C3%B6ldeke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor Nöldeke (sida finst ikkje)">Theodor Nöldeke</a> i 1881; jfr. <cite class="citation web">Harper, Douglas (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Syria">«Syria»</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Syria&amp;rft.aufirst=Douglas&amp;rft.aulast=Harper&amp;rft.date=2001-11&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DSyria&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Pipes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Pipes (sida finst ikkje)">Pipes, Daniel</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=J3PsAb1uV94C&amp;printsec=frontcover"><i>Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_East_Forum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle East Forum (sida finst ikkje)">Middle East Forum</a>. s.&#160;13. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-19-506022-9" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-19-506022-9">0-19-506022-9</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Pipes%2C+Daniel&amp;rft.btitle=Greater+Syria%3A+The+History+of+an+Ambition&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-506022-9&amp;rft.pages=13&amp;rft.pub=Middle+East+Forum&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DJ3PsAb1uV94C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Plinius_den_eldre" title="Plinius den eldre">Pliny</a> (77). «Book 5 Section 66». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/5*.html"><i>Natural History</i></a>. University of Chicago. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/84-249-1901-7" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/84-249-1901-7">84-249-1901-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Book+5+Section+66&amp;rft.au=Pliny&amp;rft.btitle=Natural+History&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=84-249-1901-7&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Chicago&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FL%2FRoman%2FTexts%2FPliny_the_Elder%2F5%2A.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/578856/Syria/29905/Roman-provincial-organization#default">«Syria&#160;:: Roman provincial organization»</a>. <i>Britannica Online Encyclopedia</i>. Britannica.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Syria+%3A%3A+Roman+provincial+organization&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F578856%2FSyria%2F29905%2FRoman-provincial-organization%23default&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pettinato, Giovanni. The Archives of Ebla; Gelb, I. J. "Thoughts about Ibla: A Preliminary Evaluation" in Monographic Journals of the Det nære austen, Syro-Mesopotamian Studies 1/1 (May 1977) s. 3-30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Victor Harold Matthews,Don C. Benjamin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.nl/books?id=4sjpB5HlT-YC&amp;pg=PA241#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>Old Testament Parallels: Laws and Stories from the Ancient Det nære austen</i></a>. s.&#160;241.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Victor+Harold+Matthews%2CDon+C.+Benjamin&amp;rft.btitle=Old+Testament+Parallels%3A+Laws+and+Stories+from+the+Ancient+Det+n%C3%A6re+austen&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=241&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4sjpB5HlT-YC%26pg%3DPA241%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LibraryofCongress-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LibraryofCongress_16-0">16,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LibraryofCongress_16-1">16,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_syriaancient.htm">«Syria: A country Study – Ancient Syria»</a>. Library of Congress. Data as of April 1987<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria%3A+A+country+Study+%93+Ancient+Syria&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fancienthistory.about.com%2Flibrary%2Fbl%2Fbl_syriaancient.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Amer Hanna-Fatuhi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.nl/books?id=sQtOAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT160#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>The Untold Story of Native Irakis</i></a>. s.&#160;160.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Amer+Hanna-Fatuhi&amp;rft.btitle=The+Untold+Story+of+Native+Irakis&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=160&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsQtOAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT160%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080909222746/http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v14n1/e8.pdf">«The Aramaic Language and Its Classification»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Assyrian_Academic_Studies&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies (sida finst ikkje)">Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies</a></i> <b>14</b> (1). Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v14n1/e8.pdf">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 9. september 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=The+Aramaic+Language+and+Its+Classification&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Assyrian+Academic+Studies&amp;rft.volume=14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaas.org%2Fedocs%2Fv14n1%2Fe8.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">John F. Healey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.nl/books?id=0_KnI588AnkC&amp;pg=PA22#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>The Early Alphabet</i></a>. s.&#160;22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=John+F.+Healey&amp;rft.btitle=The+Early+Alphabet&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0_KnI588AnkC%26pg%3DPA22%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stephanie Dalley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.nl/books?id=_oTh51M5XF4C&amp;pg=PA44&amp;dq=#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>Mari and Karana: Two Old Babylonian Cities</i></a>. s.&#160;44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Stephanie+Dalley&amp;rft.btitle=Mari+and+Karana%3A+Two+Old+Babylonian+Cities&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=44&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_oTh51M5XF4C%26pg%3DPA44%26dq%3D%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stephanie Dalley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.nl/books?id=_oTh51M5XF4C&amp;pg=PA44&amp;dq=Mari+and+Karana:+Two+Old+Babylonian+Cities+yamhad+and+the+west&amp;hl=nl&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=UBfcUoX7Ecqp0QXV14CwDw&amp;ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Mari%20and%20Karana%3A%20Two%20Old%20Babylonian%20Cities%20yamhad%20and%20the%20west&amp;f=false"><i>Mari and Karana: Two Old Babylonian Cities</i></a>. s.&#160;44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Stephanie+Dalley&amp;rft.btitle=Mari+and+Karana%3A+Two+Old+Babylonian+Cities&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=44&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_oTh51M5XF4C%26pg%3DPA44%26dq%3DMari%2Band%2BKarana%3A%2BTwo%2BOld%2BBabylonian%2BCities%2Byamhad%2Band%2Bthe%2Bwest%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DUBfcUoX7Ecqp0QXV14CwDw%26ved%3D0CDcQ6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DMari%2520and%2520Karana%253A%2520Two%2520Old%2520Babylonian%2520Cities%2520yamhad%2520and%2520the%2520west%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nadav Naʼaman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.nl/books?id=HmTOoQmf23AC&amp;pg=PA285&amp;dq=abbael&amp;hl=nl&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=TjncUp-4FsqS1AXU_YGQBw&amp;ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=abbael&amp;f=false"><i>Canaan in the Second Millennium B.C.E.</i></a> s.&#160;285.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Nadav+Na%CA%BCaman&amp;rft.btitle=Canaan+in+the+Second+Millennium+B.C.E.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=285&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHmTOoQmf23AC%26pg%3DPA285%26dq%3Dabbael%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DTjncUp-4FsqS1AXU_YGQBw%26ved%3D0CDUQ6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dabbael%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.nl/books?id=FF5-7JVj4jYC&amp;pg=PA32#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>The Cambridge Ancient History</i></a>. s.&#160;32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Iorwerth+Eiddon+Stephen+Edwards&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=32&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFF5-7JVj4jYC%26pg%3DPA32%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">William J. Hamblin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.nl/books?id=biyDDd0uKGMC&amp;pg=PT254&amp;dq=Holy+Warriors+at+the+Dawn+of+History+defeating+and+ousting+yasmah-addu&amp;hl=nl&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=DPLaUtL3Icas0QX26IDYBg&amp;ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Holy%20Warriors%20at%20the%20Dawn%20of%20History%20defeating%20and%20ousting%20yasmah-addu&amp;f=false"><i>Warfare in the Ancient Det nære austen to 1600 BC</i></a>. s.&#160;259.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=William+J.+Hamblin&amp;rft.btitle=Warfare+in+the+Ancient+Det+n%C3%A6re+austen+to+1600+BC&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=259&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbiyDDd0uKGMC%26pg%3DPT254%26dq%3DHoly%2BWarriors%2Bat%2Bthe%2BDawn%2Bof%2BHistory%2Bdefeating%2Band%2Bousting%2Byasmah-addu%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DDPLaUtL3Icas0QX26IDYBg%26ved%3D0CDUQ6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DHoly%2520Warriors%2520at%2520the%2520Dawn%2520of%2520History%2520defeating%2520and%2520ousting%2520yasmah-addu%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jack M. Sasson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.nl/books?id=J8GgNzv1LfsC&amp;pg=PA2&amp;lpg=PA2&amp;dq#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>The Military Establishments at Mari</i></a>. s.&#160;2+3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Jack+M.+Sasson&amp;rft.btitle=The+Military+Establishments+at+Mari&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=2%2B3&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ8GgNzv1LfsC%26pg%3DPA2%26lpg%3DPA2%26dq%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Relations between God and Man in the Hurro-Hittite Song of Release, Mary R. Bachvarova, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Jan–Mar SAAD 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Georges Roux, Ancient Irak, 3rd ed., Penguin Books, London, 1991, p.381</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Douglas Frayne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.nl/books?id=1A0OgvXfHlQC&amp;pg=PA24#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>Ugarit in Retrospect</i></a>. s.&#160;23,24,25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Douglas+Frayne&amp;rft.btitle=Ugarit+in+Retrospect&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=23%2C24%2C25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1A0OgvXfHlQC%26pg%3DPA24%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">John Lange. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.nl/books?id=WOxnM3WJYJgC&amp;pg=PA475#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>The Philosophy of Historiography</i></a>. s.&#160;475.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=John+Lange&amp;rft.btitle=The+Philosophy+of+Historiography&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=475&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWOxnM3WJYJgC%26pg%3DPA475%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Immanuel Velikovsky. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.nl/books?id=EClaAtUb2TAC&amp;pg=PA23#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>Ramses II and His Time</i></a>. s.&#160;23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Immanuel+Velikovsky&amp;rft.btitle=Ramses+II+and+His+Time&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=23&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEClaAtUb2TAC%26pg%3DPA23%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rollinger, Robert (2006). «The terms «Assyria» and «Syria» again» (PDF). Journal of Near Eastern Studies 65 (4): 284–287. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/511103">10.1086/511103</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hist.» xviii., vii. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cavendish_Corporation_2006_183-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cavendish_Corporation_2006_183_33-0">33,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cavendish_Corporation_2006_183_33-1">33,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cavendish Corporation, Marshall (2006). <i>World and Its Peoples</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Cavendish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marshall Cavendish (sida finst ikkje)">Marshall Cavendish</a>. s.&#160;183. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-7614-7571-0" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-7614-7571-0">0-7614-7571-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Marshall&amp;rft.aulast=Cavendish+Corporation&amp;rft.btitle=World+and+Its+Peoples&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-7614-7571-0&amp;rft.pages=183&amp;rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/578856/Syria">«Syria: History»</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria%3A+History&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F578856%2FSyria&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Timeframe</i> s. 59–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1433425">«Battle of Aleppo»</a>. Everything2.com. 22. februar 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Battle+of+Aleppo&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Everything2.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.everything2.com%2Findex.pl%3Fnode_id%3D1433425&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090428055820/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/08/wae/ht08wae.htm">«The Eastern Mediterranean, 1400–1600 A.D»</a>. Metmuseum.org. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/08/wae/ht08wae.htm">originalen</a> 28. april 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=The+Eastern+Mediterranean%2C+1400%931600+A.D&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Metmuseum.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fht%2F08%2Fwae%2Fht08wae.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syria_–_Det_osmanske_riket-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Syria_–_Det_osmanske_riket_38-0">38,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Syria_–_Det_osmanske_riket_38-1">38,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/syria/7.htm">«Syria – Ottomanian»</a>. Library of Congress Country Studies<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+%93+Ottomanian&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+Country+Studies&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fsyria%2F7.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">a b Stanford J. Shaw, «Dynamics of Ottomanian Society and administration", in «History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pouring a People into the Desert: The «Definitive Solution» of the Unionists to the Armenian Question</i>, Fuat Dundar, <b>A Question of Genocide</b>, ed. Ronald Grigor Suny, Fatma Muge Gocek and Norman M. Naimark, (Oxford University Press, 2011), 280-281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626065208/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/IMG/pdf/III_-_Protmand_modifie_mandat.pdf">«Mandat Syrie-Liban»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/IMG/pdf/III_-_Protmand_modifie_mandat.pdf">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 26. juni 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Mandat+Syrie-Liban&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2FIII_-_Protmand_modifie_mandat.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Peter N. Stearns, William Leonard Langer (2001). «The Middle East, p. 761». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=MziRd4ddZz4C"><i>The Encyclopedia of World History</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/978-0-395-65237-4" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/978-0-395-65237-4">978-0-395-65237-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=The+Middle+East%2C+p.+761&amp;rft.au=Peter+N.+Stearns%2C+William+Leonard+Langer&amp;rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+World+History&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-395-65237-4&amp;rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Books&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DMziRd4ddZz4C&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDoS-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USDoS_43-0">43,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USDoS_43-1">43,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USDoS_43-2">43,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USDoS_43-3">43,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USDoS_43-4">43,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USDoS_43-5">43,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USDoS_43-6">43,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USDoS_43-7">43,7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/syria/85051.htm">«Background Note: Syria»</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_State&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Department of State (sida finst ikkje)">United States Department of State</a>, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, May 2007</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Background+Note%3A+Syria&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State%2C+Bureau+of+Near+Eastern+Affairs%2C+May+2007&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Foutofdate%2Fbgn%2Fsyria%2F85051.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britan-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britan_44-0">44,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britan_44-1">44,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britan_44-2">44,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britan_44-3">44,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britan_44-4">44,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britan_44-5">44,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britan_44-6">44,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britan_44-7">44,7</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britan_44-8">44,8</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/578856/Syria/29922/World-War-II-and-independence">«Syria: World War II and independence»</a>. Britannica Online Encyclopedia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria%3A+World+War+II+and+independence&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F578856%2FSyria%2F29922%2FWorld-War-II-and-independence&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Robson, John (10. februar 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/2012/02/10/syria-hasnt-changed-but-the-world-has">«Syria hasn't changed, but the world has»</a>. Toronto Sun<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft.aulast=Robson&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+hasn%27t+changed%2C+but+the+world+has&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Toronto+Sun&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2F2012%2F02%2F10%2Fsyria-hasnt-changed-but-the-world-has&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brecher, Michael; Jonathan Wilkenfeld (1997). <i>A Study of Crisis</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Michigan_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Michigan Press (sida finst ikkje)">University of Michigan Press</a>. s.&#160;345–346. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-472-10806-9" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-472-10806-9">0-472-10806-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Jonathan+Wilkenfeld&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft.aulast=Brecher&amp;rft.btitle=A+Study+of+Crisis&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-472-10806-9&amp;rft.pages=345-346&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/24/obituaries/salah-jadid-63-leader-of-syria-deposed-and-imprisoned-by-assad.html">«Salah Jadid, 63, Leader of Syria Deposed and Imprisoned by Assad»</a>. New York Times. August 24, 1993.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Salah+Jadid%2C+63%2C+Leader+of+Syria+Deposed+and+Imprisoned+by+Assad&amp;rft.date=1993-08-24&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F08%2F24%2Fobituaries%2Fsalah-jadid-63-leader-of-syria-deposed-and-imprisoned-by-assad.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tessler1994-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Tessler1994_48-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mark A. Tessler (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=3kbU4BIAcrQC&amp;pg=PA382"><i>A History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict</i></a>. Indiana University Press. s.&#160;382. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/978-0-253-20873-6" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/978-0-253-20873-6">978-0-253-20873-6</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 29. desember 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Mark+A.+Tessler&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Israeli-Palestinian+conflict&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-253-20873-6&amp;rft.pages=382&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3kbU4BIAcrQC%26pg%3DPA382&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101015083148/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,837237,00.html">«A Campaign for the Books»</a>. Time Magazine. 1. september 1967. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,837237,00.html">originalen</a> 15. oktober 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=A+Campaign+for+the+Books&amp;rft.chron=1.+september+1967&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C837237%2C00.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khatib2012-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Khatib2012_50-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Line Khatib (23. mai 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=S6FMnCyvCu4C&amp;pg=PA34"><i>islamsk Revivalism in Syria: The Rise and Fall of Ba'thist Secularism</i></a>. Routledge. s.&#160;34–. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/978-0-415-78203-6" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/978-0-415-78203-6">978-0-415-78203-6</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Line+Khatib&amp;rft.btitle=islamsk+Revivalism+in+Syria%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Ba%27thist+Secularism&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-78203-6&amp;rft.pages=34-&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS6FMnCyvCu4C%26pg%3DPA34&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/11/28/nixon.papers/index.html">«Jordan asked Nixon to attack Syria, declassified papers show – CNN.com»</a>. Edition.cnn.com. 28. november 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Jordan+asked+Nixon+to+attack+Syria%2C+declassified+papers+show+%93+CNN.com&amp;rft.chron=28.+november+2007&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2007%2FPOLITICS%2F11%2F28%2Fnixon.papers%2Findex.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Seale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Seale (sida finst ikkje)">Seale, Patrick</a> (1988). <i>Asad: The Struggle for the Middle East</i>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-520-06976-5" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-520-06976-5">0-520-06976-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft.aulast=Seale&amp;rft.btitle=Asad%3A+The+Struggle+for+the+Middle+East&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-520-06976-5&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Rabinovich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham Rabinovich (sida finst ikkje)">Rabinovich, Abraham</a> (2005). <i>The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East</i>. New York City: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schocken_Books&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Schocken Books (sida finst ikkje)">Schocken Books</a>. s.&#160;302. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-8052-4176-0" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-8052-4176-0">0-8052-4176-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Abraham&amp;rft.aulast=Rabinovich&amp;rft.btitle=The+Yom+Kippur+War%3A+The+Epic+Encounter+That+Transformed+the+Middle+East&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-8052-4176-0&amp;rft.pages=302&amp;rft.place=New+York+City&amp;rft.pub=Schocken+Books&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Itzchak Weismann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ou.edu/mideast/Additional%20pages%20-%20non-catagory/Sufism%20in%20Syriawebpage.htm">«Sufism and Sufi Brotherhoods in Syria and Palestine»</a>. University of Oklahoma<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Itzchak+Weismann&amp;rft.btitle=Sufism+and+Sufi+Brotherhoods+in+Syria+and+Palestine&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ou.edu%2Fmideast%2FAdditional%2520pages%2520-%2520non-catagory%2FSufism%2520in%2520Syriawebpage.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Marc Perelman (11. juli 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forward.com/articles/7655/">«Syria Makes Overture Over Negotiations – Forward.com»</a>. Forward.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Marc+Perelman&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+Makes+Overture+Over+Negotiations+%93+Forward.com&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Forward.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forward.com%2Farticles%2F7655%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alan-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Alan_56-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">George, Alan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=dFdbVVcKsSIC&amp;printsec=frontcover"><i>Syria: neither bread nor freedom</i></a>. London: Zed Books. s.&#160;56–58. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/1-84277-213-9" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/1-84277-213-9">1-84277-213-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rft.aulast=George&amp;rft.btitle=Syria%3A+neither+bread+nor+freedom&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1-84277-213-9&amp;rft.pages=56-58&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Zed+Books&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DdFdbVVcKsSIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_57-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ghadry, Farid N. (Winter 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meforum.org/683/syrian-reform-what-lies-beneath">«Syrian Reform: What Lies Beneath»</a>. The Middle East Quarterly.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Farid+N.&amp;rft.aulast=Ghadry&amp;rft.btitle=Syrian+Reform%3A+What+Lies+Beneath&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=The+Middle+East+Quarterly&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meforum.org%2F683%2Fsyrian-reform-what-lies-beneath&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2579331.stm">«Profile: Syria's Bashar al-Assad»</a>, <i>BBC News</i>, Last Updated:<span class="reference-accessdate">, henta 19. mars 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Syria%27s+Bashar+al-Assad&amp;rft.chron=Last+Updated%3A&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F2579331.stm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHuggler" class="citation">Huggler, Justin (6. oktober 2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515112138/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-launches-strikes-on-syria-in-retaliation-for-bomb-attack-582373.html"><i>Israel launches strikes on Syria in retaliation for bomb attack</i></a>, London: The Independent, arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-launches-strikes-on-syria-in-retaliation-for-bomb-attack-582373.html">originalen</a> 15. mai 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, henta 20. mars 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Justin&amp;rft.aulast=Huggler&amp;rft.btitle=Israel+launches+strikes+on+Syria+in+retaliation+for+bomb+attack&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=The+Independent&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael-launches-strikes-on-syria-in-retaliation-for-bomb-attack-582373.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naharnet.com/domino/tn/Newsdesk.nsf/Story/8A24116B9C5C2F34C2256E59002D08F0?OpenDocument&amp;PRINT">«Naharnet Newsdesk – Syria Curbs Kurdish Riots for a Merger with Iraq's Kurdistan»</a>. Naharnet.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Naharnet+Newsdesk+%93+Syria+Curbs+Kurdish+Riots+for+a+Merger+with+Iraq%27s+Kurdistan&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Naharnet.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fdomino%2Ftn%2FNewsdesk.nsf%2FStory%2F8A24116B9C5C2F34C2256E59002D08F0%3FOpenDocument%26PRINT&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGuerin" class="citation">Guerin, Orla (6 mars 2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4322477.stm">«Syria sidesteps Libanon demands»</a>, <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, henta 20. mars 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Syria+sidesteps+Libanon+demands&amp;rft.aufirst=Orla&amp;rft.aulast=Guerin&amp;rft.chron=6+mars+2005&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F4322477.stm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSanger" class="citation">Sanger, David (14. oktober 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/14/washington/14weapons.html?hp"><i>Israel Struck Syrian Nuclear Project, Analysts Say</i></a>, The New York Times<span class="reference-accessdate">, henta 20. mars 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.aulast=Sanger&amp;rft.btitle=Israel+Struck+Syrian+Nuclear+Project%2C+Analysts+Say&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F10%2F14%2Fwashington%2F14weapons.html%3Fhp&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13343540">«Syrian army tanks 'moving towards Hama<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>»</a>, <i>BBC News</i>, 5 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, henta 20. mars 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Syrian+army+tanks+%27moving+towards+Hama%27&amp;rft.date=2011-05-05&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-13343540&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSengupta" class="citation">Sengupta, Kim (20. februar 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syrias-sectarian-war-goes-international-as-foreign-fighters-and-arms-pour-into-country-7216665.html">«Syria's sectarian war goes international as foreign fighters and arms pour into country»</a>, <i>The Independent</i> (Antakya)<span class="reference-accessdate">, henta 20. mars 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Syria%27s+sectarian+war+goes+international+as+foreign+fighters+and+arms+pour+into+country&amp;rft.aufirst=Kim&amp;rft.aulast=Sengupta&amp;rft.chron=20.+februar+2012&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Independent&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fsyrias-sectarian-war-goes-international-as-foreign-fighters-and-arms-pour-into-country-7216665.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/13/death-toll-syrian-conflict-93000">«Syria deaths near 100&#160;000, says UN – and 6,000 are children»</a>. The Guardian. 13. juni 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+deaths+near+100+000%2C+says+UN+%93+and+6%2C000+are+children&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=The+Guardian&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fjun%2F13%2Fdeath-toll-syrian-conflict-93000&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-extremetorture-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-extremetorture_66-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Carsten, Paul (15. mars 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9145744/Syria-Bodies-of-23-extreme-torture-victims-found-in-Idlib-as-thousands-rally-for-Assad.html">«Syria: Bodies of 23 'extreme torture' victims found in Idlib as thousands rally for Assad»</a>. Telegraph.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul&amp;rft.aulast=Carsten&amp;rft.btitle=Syria%3A+Bodies+of+23+%27extreme+torture%27+victims+found+in+Idlib+as+thousands+rally+for+Assad&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Telegraph.co.uk&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria%2F9145744%2FSyria-Bodies-of-23-extreme-torture-victims-found-in-Idlib-as-thousands-rally-for-Assad.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2011-12-22/syria-arab-league/52159302/1">«Arabic League delegates head to Syria over 'bloodbath'. Usatoday.com (2011-12-22). Henta 20. mars 2014»</a>. Usatoday.com. 22. desember 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Arabic+League+delegates+head+to+Syria+over+%27bloodbath%27.+Usatoday.com+%282011-12-22%29.+Henta+20.+mars+2014&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Usatoday.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fstory%2F2011-12-22%2Fsyria-arab-league%2F52159302%2F1&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25055956"><i>Syria conflict: Children 'targeted by snipers'<span></span></i></a>, BBC News, 24. november 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+conflict%3A+Children+%27targeted+by+snipers%27&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pub=BBC+News&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-25055956&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/global-trends-2015.html">«United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)»</a>. <i>UNHCR Global Trends 2015</i>. United Nations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees+%28UNHCR%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=UNHCR+Global+Trends+2015&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fen-us%2Fglobal-trends-2015.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-news24-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-news24_70-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Location Settings (12. mars 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news24.com/World/News/Syria-Refugees-brace-for-more-bloodshed-20120312">«Syria: Refugees brace for more bloodshed»</a>. News24.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Location+Settings&amp;rft.btitle=Syria%3A+Refugees+brace+for+more+bloodshed&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=News24.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2FWorld%2FNews%2FSyria-Refugees-brace-for-more-bloodshed-20120312&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lara Jakes And Yahya Barzanji (14. mars 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.yahoo.com/syrian-kurds-cold-reception-iraqi-kurds-202627548.html">«Syrian Kurds get cold reception from Iraqi Kurds»</a>. Yahoo! News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Lara+Jakes+And+Yahya+Barzanji&amp;rft.btitle=Syrian+Kurds+get+cold+reception+from+Iraqi+Kurds&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Yahoo%21+News&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fsyrian-kurds-cold-reception-iraqi-kurds-202627548.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/may/16/syria-crisis-refugees-million-un">«Syria crisis: number of refugees tops 1.5 million, says UN»</a>. The Guardian. 16. mai 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Syria+crisis%3A+number+of+refugees+tops+1.5+million%2C+says+UN&amp;rft.chron=16.+mai+2013&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fmay%2F16%2Fsyria-crisis-refugees-million-un&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php">Syria Regional Refugee Response – Demographic Data of Registered Population</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180219072255/http://www.data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php">Arkivert</a> 2018-02-19 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (sida finst ikkje)">UNHCR</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-war-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-war_74-0">74,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-war_74-1">74,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204330/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=241404075">«Beleaguered Syrian Christians Fear Future»</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" class="mw-redirect" title="NPR">NPR</a>. 28. oktober 2013. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=241404075">originalen</a> 29. oktober 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Beleaguered+Syrian+Christians+Fear+Future&amp;rft.chron=28.+oktober+2013&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D241404075&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21572193-syria-disintegrates-it-threatens-entire-middle-east-outside-world-needs-act"><i>The death of a country</i></a>, The Economist, 23. februar 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, henta 20. mars 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=The+death+of+a+country&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pub=The+Economist&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fleaders%2F21572193-syria-disintegrates-it-threatens-entire-middle-east-outside-world-needs-act&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geo-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-geo_76-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">National Council of Geography Teachers (U.S.) (1928). <i>The Journal of Geography</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Journal_of_geography&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Journal of geography (sida finst ikkje)">The Journal of geography</a>. s.&#160;167.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=National+Council+of+Geography+Teachers+%28U.S.%29&amp;rft.btitle=The+Journal+of+Geography&amp;rft.date=1928&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=167&amp;rft.pub=The+Journal+of+geography&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">F. A. Schaeffer, Claude (2003). <i>Syria and the Cradle of Civilization: The Findings of Claude F a Schaeffer in Ras Shamra</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trubner_%26_Company&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Trubner &amp; Company (sida finst ikkje)">Trubner &amp; Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/1-84453-129-5" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/1-84453-129-5">1-84453-129-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Claude&amp;rft.aulast=F.+A.+Schaeffer&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+and+the+Cradle+of+Civilization%3A+The+Findings+of+Claude+F+a+Schaeffer+in+Ras+Shamra&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1-84453-129-5&amp;rft.pub=Trubner+%26+Company&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/81771718/Qordoba-Translation-of-the-Syrian-Constitution-Modifications-15-2-2012">«Constitution of Syria. Articles 83–118»</a>. Scribd.com. 15. februar 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Constitution+of+Syria.+Articles+83%93118&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Scribd.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F81771718%2FQordoba-Translation-of-the-Syrian-Constitution-Modifications-15-2-2012&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/81771718/Qordoba-Translation-of-the-Syrian-Constitution-Modifications-15-2-2012">«Constitution of Syria. Article 75(1)2)(4)»</a>. Scribd.com. 15. februar 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Constitution+of+Syria.+Article+75%281%292%29%284%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Scribd.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F81771718%2FQordoba-Translation-of-the-Syrian-Constitution-Modifications-15-2-2012&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/81771718/Qordoba-Translation-of-the-Syrian-Constitution-Modifications-15-2-2012">«Constitution of Syria. Article 77(2)»</a>. Scribd.com. 15. februar 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Constitution+of+Syria.+Article+77%282%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Scribd.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F81771718%2FQordoba-Translation-of-the-Syrian-Constitution-Modifications-15-2-2012&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-const-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-const_81-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sy00000_.html">«Constitution of Syria»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. oktober 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Constitution+of+Syria&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.servat.unibe.ch%2Ficl%2Fsy00000_.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_82-0">82,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_82-1">82,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/syria/85051.htm">«Syria (05/07)»</a>. State.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+%2805%2F07%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=State.gov&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Foutofdate%2Fbgn%2Fsyria%2F85051.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&amp;id=21265">«Syria: Elections without Politics»</a>. Carnegie Endowment.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria%3A+Elections+without+Politics&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carnegieendowment.org%2Fpublications%2Findex.cfm%3Ffa%3Dview%26id%3D21265&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3774055.stm">«Syria clamps down on Kurd parties»</a>. BBC News. 3 June 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. oktober 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Syria+clamps+down+on+Kurd+parties&amp;rft.date=2004-06-03&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F3774055.stm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc.co.uk-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_85-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-20406562">«Syria conflict: UK recognises opposition, says William Hague»</a>. Bbc.co.uk. 20. november 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+conflict%3A+UK+recognises+opposition%2C+says+William+Hague&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Bbc.co.uk&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-20406562&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_86-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Hugh Schofield (13. november 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20319787">«Syria: France backs anti-Assad coalition»</a>. Bbc.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Hugh+Schofield&amp;rft.btitle=Syria%3A+France+backs+anti-Assad+coalition&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Bbc.co.uk&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-20319787&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usatoday.com-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-usatoday.com_87-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Madhani, Aamer (December 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2012/12/11/al-nusra-designated-terrorists/1760755/">«Obama says U.S. will recognize Syrian opposition»</a>. <i>USA Today</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Obama+says+U.S.+will+recognize+Syrian+opposition&amp;rft.aufirst=Aamer&amp;rft.aulast=Madhani&amp;rft.date=2012-12-12&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=USA+Today&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2012%2F12%2F11%2Fal-nusra-designated-terrorists%2F1760755%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150902062959/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/24/us-syria-rights-idUSTRE70N5S620110124">«Syria among worst for rights abuses: HRW report»</a>. Reuters. 24. januar 2011. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/24/us-syria-rights-idUSTRE70N5S620110124">originalen</a> 2. september 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Syria+among+worst+for+rights+abuses%3A+HRW+report&amp;rft.chron=24.+januar+2011&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2011%2F01%2F24%2Fus-syria-rights-idUSTRE70N5S620110124&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111223011741/http://freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&amp;year=2011&amp;country=8143">«Freedom in the World Report: Syria»</a>. januar 2011. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&amp;year=2011&amp;country=8143">originalen</a> 23. desember 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Freedom+in+the+World+Report%3A+Syria&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Ftemplate.cfm%3Fpage%3D363%26year%3D2011%26country%3D8143&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrw.org-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hrw.org_90-0">90,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hrw.org_90-1">90,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/en/node/79303">«Syria: Events of 2008»</a>. Human Rights Watch.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria%3A+Events+of+2008&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fen%2Fnode%2F79303&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Joe Lauria (20. mars 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203935604577066623669457632.html">«More than 250 children among dead, U.N. says»</a>. The Wall Street Journal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=More+than+250+children+among+dead%2C+U.N.+says&amp;rft.au=Joe+Lauria&amp;rft.chron=20.+mars+2014&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052970203935604577066623669457632.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2011/11/28/world/meast/syria-un-report/index.html">«UN report: Syrian forces commit 'gross violations' of human rights, CNN»</a>. 20. mars 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=UN+report%3A+Syrian+forces+commit+%27gross+violations%27+of+human+rights%2C+CNN&amp;rft.chron=20.+mars+2014&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2011%2F11%2F28%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Fsyria-un-report%2Findex.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article3634445.ece">«200 massacred in Hama, claim Syrian activists»</a>. 13. juli 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=200+massacred+in+Hama%2C+claim+Syrian+activists&amp;rft.chron=13.+juli+2012&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Farticle3634445.ece&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/26/syria-us-un-inspection-kerry">«Iran warns west against military intervention i Syria»</a>. The Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Iran+warns+west+against+military+intervention+i+Syria&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=The+Guardian&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Faug%2F26%2Fsyria-us-un-inspection-kerry&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-decree53-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-decree53_95-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328221640/http://sana.sy/eng/21/2011/04/22/pr-342711.htm">«Decrees on Ending State of Emergency, Abolishing SSSC, Regulating Right to Peaceful Demonstration»</a>. Syrian Arab News Agency. 22. april 2011. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sana.sy/eng/21/2011/04/22/pr-342711.htm">originalen</a> 28. mars 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Decrees+on+Ending+State+of+Emergency%2C+Abolishing+SSSC%2C+Regulating+Right+to+Peaceful+Demonstration&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Syrian+Arab+News+Agency&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsana.sy%2Feng%2F21%2F2011%2F04%2F22%2Fpr-342711.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-globalsecurity-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-globalsecurity_96-0">96,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-globalsecurity_96-1">96,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">John Pike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/syria/overview.htm">«Syria – Overview»</a>. Globalsecurity.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=John+Pike&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+%93+Overview&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Globalsecurity.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Fsyria%2Foverview.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110503190742/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/xinhua/2011-03-20/content_2068776.html">«Syria reduces compulsory military service by three months»</a>. Kinadaily.com.cn. 20. mars 2011. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/xinhua/2011-03-20/content_2068776.html">originalen</a> 3. mai 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+reduces+compulsory+military+service+by+three+months&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Kinadaily.com.cn&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fxinhua%2F2011-03-20%2Fcontent_2068776.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishtoronto.com/page.aspx?id=74644">«Syria's embrace of WMD"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Daude_eksterne_lenkjer" title="Wikipedia:Daude eksterne lenkjer">daud lenkje</a></i>&#93;</span></sup> av Eyal Zisser, <i>Globe and Mail</i>, 28. september 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Strenger, Carlo (8. februar 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/assad-takes-a-page-out-of-russia-s-book-in-his-war-against-rebels-1.411789">«Assad takes a page out of Russia's book in his war against rebels»</a>. Haaretz.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Carlo&amp;rft.aulast=Strenger&amp;rft.btitle=Assad+takes+a+page+out+of+Russia%27s+book+in+his+war+against+rebels&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Haaretz.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east%2Fassad-takes-a-page-out-of-russia-s-book-in-his-war-against-rebels-1.411789&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris9-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Morris9_100-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Morris, Chris (2005). «Chapter 9: Crossroads». <i>The New Turkey</i>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Granta_Books&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Granta Books (sida finst ikkje)">Granta Books</a>. s.&#160;203–227. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/1-86207-865-3" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/1-86207-865-3">1-86207-865-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Chapter+9%3A+Crossroads&amp;rft.au=Morris%2C+Chris&amp;rft.btitle=The+New+Turkey&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=1-86207-865-3&amp;rft.pages=203-227&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Granta+Books&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130820050013/http://moct.gov.sy/moct/?q=ar">«وزارة الاتصالات والتقانة»</a>. Moct.gov.sy. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moct.gov.sy/moct/?q=ar">originalen</a> 20. august 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Moct.gov.sy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moct.gov.sy%2Fmoct%2F%3Fq%3Dar&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723080155/https://www.ste.gov.sy/">«AT&amp;T – 4G LTE, Cell Phones, U-verse, TV, Internet &amp; Phone Service»</a>. Ste.gov.sy. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ste.gov.sy/">originalen</a> 23. juli 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=AT%26T+%93+4G+LTE%2C+Cell+Phones%2C+U-verse%2C+TV%2C+Internet+%26+Phone+Service&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Ste.gov.sy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ste.gov.sy%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Katerji, Oz (4. april 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vice.com/en_uk/read/the-syrian-electronic-army-hacked-the-bbc">«The Syrian Electronic Army Are at Cyber War with Anonymous»</a>. Vice.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Oz&amp;rft.aulast=Katerji&amp;rft.btitle=The+Syrian+Electronic+Army+Are+at+Cyber+War+with+Anonymous&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Vice.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen_uk%2Fread%2Fthe-syrian-electronic-army-hacked-the-bbc&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-5860-5_21#page-1">«Internet Anonymity i Syria, Challenges and Solution»</a>. Link.springer.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Internet+Anonymity+i+Syria%2C+Challenges+and+Solution&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Link.springer.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-94-007-5860-5_21%23page-1&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-data.worldbank.org-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-data.worldbank.org_105-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications/country-and-lending-groups">«Country and Lending Groups»</a>. Data.worldbank.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 26. juli 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Country+and+Lending+Groups&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Data.worldbank.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Fabout%2Fcountry-classifications%2Fcountry-and-lending-groups&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wbbrief-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wbbrief_106-0">106,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wbbrief_106-1">106,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wbbrief_106-2">106,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSYRIANARAB/Resources/Syria_Web_brief.pdf">«Syria Country Brief, September 2010»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. World Bank.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+Country+Brief%2C+September+2010&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=World+Bank&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiteresources.worldbank.org%2FINTSYRIANARAB%2FResources%2FSyria_Web_brief.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=iW9VAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA209&amp;dq=syria+sulfur+mining&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=SAHtUt_tHciWyAHuuIDgCQ&amp;ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=syria%20sulfur%20mining&amp;f=false"><i>Transactions of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Institute+of+Mining+and+Metallurgical+Engineers&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiW9VAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA209%26dq%3Dsyria%2Bsulfur%2Bmining%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DSAHtUt_tHciWyAHuuIDgCQ%26ved%3D0CDcQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dsyria%2520sulfur%2520mining%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-economycrumble-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-economycrumble_108-0">108,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-economycrumble_108-1">108,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/14/world/middleeast/government-in-syria-searches-for-answers-as-economy-crumbles.html">«Syria Weighs Its Tactics as Pillars of Its Economy Continue to Crumble»</a>, <i>NYTimes.com</i>, 21. mars 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">, henta 21. mars 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Syria+Weighs+Its+Tactics+as+Pillars+of+Its+Economy+Continue+to+Crumble&amp;rft.chron=21.+mars+2014&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=NYTimes.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F07%2F14%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fgovernment-in-syria-searches-for-answers-as-economy-crumbles.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_109-0">109,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_109-1">109,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_109-2">109,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229122345/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sy.html">«Syria»</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_World_Factbook&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The World Factbook (sida finst ikkje)">The World Factbook</a></i>. 2007. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sy.html">originalen</a> 29. desember 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Syria&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fsy.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wbgrowth10-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wbgrowth10_110-0">110,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wbgrowth10_110-1">110,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wbgrowth10_110-2">110,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDEBTDEPT/Resources/468980-1218567884549/5289593-1224797529767/5506237-1270144995464/DFSG03SyriaFR.pdf">«Economic Challenges and Reform Options for Syria: A Growth Diagnostics Report»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. World Bank. 21. februar 2011. s.&#160;10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Economic+Challenges+and+Reform+Options+for+Syria%3A+A+Growth+Diagnostics+Report&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pages=10&amp;rft.pub=World+Bank&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiteresources.worldbank.org%2FINTDEBTDEPT%2FResources%2F468980-1218567884549%2F5289593-1224797529767%2F5506237-1270144995464%2FDFSG03SyriaFR.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ief-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ief_111-0">111,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ief_111-1">111,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.org/index/country/syria">«Syria»</a>. Index of Economic Freedom.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Index+of+Economic+Freedom&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Findex%2Fcountry%2Fsyria&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924165225/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/04/us-syria-economy-socialist-idUSBRE8630FA20120704">«Syria reverts to socialist economic policies to ease tension»</a>. Reuters. 4 July 2012. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/04/us-syria-economy-socialist-idUSBRE8630FA20120704">originalen</a> 24. september 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+reverts+to+socialist+economic+policies+to+ease+tension&amp;rft.date=2012-07-04&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Reuters&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2012%2F07%2F04%2Fus-syria-economy-socialist-idUSBRE8630FA20120704&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFP_economy-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AFP_economy_113-0">113,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AFP_economy_113-1">113,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AFP_economy_113-2">113,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120817231304/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iIP7T7v6W5nxdJfSVrQhm5aszqgQ?docId=CNG.7610691ef383e1f07fd5e86d87ebce6e.561">«Syria's battling economy may hold on with help from friends»</a>. AFP. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iIP7T7v6W5nxdJfSVrQhm5aszqgQ?docId=CNG.7610691ef383e1f07fd5e86d87ebce6e.561">originalen</a> 17. august 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria%27s+battling+economy+may+hold+on+with+help+from+friends&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=AFP&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5iIP7T7v6W5nxdJfSVrQhm5aszqgQ%3FdocId%3DCNG.7610691ef383e1f07fd5e86d87ebce6e.561&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-114">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/2ceb7690-50df-11e1-8cdb-00144feabdc0.html#axzz24UWpntRQ">«Syria’s ailing economy hits citizens and regime»</a>. Financial Times. 6.februar 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria%99s+ailing+economy+hits+citizens+and+regime&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Financial+Times&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F2ceb7690-50df-11e1-8cdb-00144feabdc0.html%23axzz24UWpntRQ&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/10/syrian-economy-2012_n_2270103.html">«Syrian Economy To Shrink By 20 Percent In 2012 As Country Struggles With War»</a>. Huffington Post. 12/10/2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syrian+Economy+To+Shrink+By+20+Percent+In+2012+As+Country+Struggles+With+War&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Huffington+Post&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2012%2F12%2F10%2Fsyrian-economy-2012_n_2270103.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shortap-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-shortap_116-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140322013437/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/syrians-struggle-shortages-economy-buckles">«Syrians struggle with shortages as economy buckles»</a>, <i>Associated Press</i>, Jan 22, 2013, arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/syrians-struggle-shortages-economy-buckles">originalen</a> 22. mars 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">, henta 21. mars 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Syrians+struggle+with+shortages+as+economy+buckles&amp;rft.date=2013-01-22&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigstory.ap.org%2Farticle%2Fsyrians-struggle-shortages-economy-buckles&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-economyhang-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-economyhang_117-0">117,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-economyhang_117-1">117,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-economyhang_117-2">117,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-economyhang_117-3">117,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/06/20/syrian-economy-hanging-by-thread/dwq7">«The Syrian Economy: Hanging by a Thread»</a>. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 20. juni 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=The+Syrian+Economy%3A+Hanging+by+a+Thread&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2F2012%2F06%2F20%2Fsyrian-economy-hanging-by-thread%2Fdwq7&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924170305/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/21/us-russia-syria-oil-idUSBRE87K0U620120821">«Syria says preparing to finalize oil deal with Russia»</a>. Reuters. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/21/us-russia-syria-oil-idUSBRE87K0U620120821">originalen</a> 24. september 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+says+preparing+to+finalize+oil+deal+with+Russia&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Reuters&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2012%2F08%2F21%2Fus-russia-syria-oil-idUSBRE87K0U620120821&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seat61.com/Syria.htm">«How to travel by train from London to Syria &#124; Train travel in Syria»</a>. Seat61.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=How+to+travel+by+train+from+London+to+Syria+%26%23124%3B+Train+travel+in+Syria&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Seat61.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seat61.com%2FSyria.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-120">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229122345/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sy.html">«CIA factbook»</a>. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sy.html">originalen</a> 29. desember 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=CIA+factbook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fsy.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbspop-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cbspop_121-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbssyr.org/yearbook/2011/Data-Chapter2/TAB-10-2-2011.htm">«Population Existed I Syria According To Censuses (1960, 1970, 1981, 1994, 2004) And Estimates Of Their Number In Mid Years 2005-2011(000)»</a>. Central Bureau Of Statistics.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Population+Existed+I+Syria+According+To+Censuses+%281960%2C+1970%2C+1981%2C+1994%2C+2004%29+And+Estimates+Of+Their+Number+In+Mid+Years+2005-2011%28000%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Central+Bureau+Of+Statistics&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbssyr.org%2Fyearbook%2F2011%2FData-Chapter2%2FTAB-10-2-2011.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-World_Refugee_Survey_2008-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-World_Refugee_Survey_2008_122-0">122,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-World_Refugee_Survey_2008_122-1">122,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141019224639/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2008-world-refugee-survey.html">«World Refugee Survey 2008»</a>. U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19. juni 2008. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2008-world-refugee-survey.html">originalen</a> 19. oktober 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=World+Refugee+Survey+2008&amp;rft.chron=19.+juni+2008&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.refugees.org%2Fresources%2Frefugee-warehousing%2Farchived-world-refugee-surveys%2F2008-world-refugee-survey.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-123">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180219072255/http://www.data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php">«Demographic Data of Registered Population»</a>. UNHCR. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php">originalen</a> 19. februar 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 28. oktober 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Demographic+Data+of+Registered+Population&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=UNHCR&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.unhcr.org%2Fsyrianrefugees%2Fregional.php&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-124">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Richards, M; Rengo, C; Cruciani, F; Gratrix, F; Wilson, JF; Scozzari, R; MacAulay, V; Torroni, A (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1180338">«Extensive Female-Mediated Gene Flow from Sub-Saharan Africa into Near Eastern Arab Populations»</a>. <i>American Journal of Human Genetics</i> (PMC – NCBI) <b>72</b> (4): 1058–1064. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (sida finst ikkje)">PMC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1180338">1180338</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12629598">12629598</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F374384">10.1086/374384</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Extensive+Female-Mediated+Gene+Flow+from+Sub-Saharan+Africa+into+Near+Eastern+Arab+Populations&amp;rft.au=Cruciani%2C+F&amp;rft.au=Gratrix%2C+F&amp;rft.au=MacAulay%2C+V&amp;rft.au=Rengo%2C+C&amp;rft.au=Scozzari%2C+R&amp;rft.au=Torroni%2C+A&amp;rft.au=Wilson%2C+JF&amp;rft.aufirst=M&amp;rft.aulast=Richards&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&amp;rft.pages=1058-1064&amp;rft.volume=72&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1180338&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1180338&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F374384&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12629598&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-125">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0410/feature2/online_extra.html">«In the Wake of the Phoenicians: DNA study reveals a Phoenician-Maltese link»</a>. National Geographic Magazine. October 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=In+the+Wake+of+the+Phoenicians%3A+DNA+study+reveals+a+Phoenician-Maltese+link&amp;rft.date=2004-10&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=National+Geographic+Magazine&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmagma.nationalgeographic.com%2Fngm%2F0410%2Ffeature2%2Fonline_extra.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«Syria - International Religious Freedom Report 2006". U.S. Department of State. 2006. Henta 2009-06-28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-127">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&amp;link=140085">«Turkey-Syria deal allows Syriacs to cross border for religious holidays»</a>. Todayszaman.com. 26. april 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Turkey-Syria+deal+allows+Syriacs+to+cross+border+for+religious+holidays&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Todayszaman.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2FnewsDetail_getNewsById.action%3Fload%3Ddetay%26link%3D140085&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109221754/http://www.eni.ch/featured/article.php?id=1884">«Iraqi Christians refugees pine for home, but fear they face death»</a>. ENInews. 7. mai 2008. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eni.ch/featured/article.php?id=1884">originalen</a> 9. januar 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Iraqi+Christians+refugees+pine+for+home%2C+but+fear+they+face+death&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=ENInews&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eni.ch%2Ffeatured%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D1884&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-129">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/syria/23.htm">«Syria – Kurds»</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Library of Congress Country Studies (sida finst ikkje)">Library of Congress Country Studies</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.atitle=Syria+%93+Kurds&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress+Country+Studies&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fsyria%2F23.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkmens.com/Suria.html">«Suriye Türkmenleri»</a>. Review of International Law and Politics. 2007. s.&#160;112<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 12. august 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Suriye+T%C3%BCrkmenleri&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pages=112&amp;rft.pub=Review+of+International+Law+and+Politics&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkmens.com%2FSuria.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-131">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sy0038)">«A Country Study: Syria»</a>. Library of Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=A+Country+Study%3A+Syria&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID%2Bsy0038%29&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-132">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200505/the.arabs.of.brazil.htm">«The Arabs of Brazil»</a>. Saudi Aramco World. September/October 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=The+Arabs+of+Brazil&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Saudi+Aramco+World&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saudiaramcoworld.com%2Fissue%2F200505%2Fthe.arabs.of.brazil.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-133">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.unhcr.org/524555689.html">http://www.unhcr.org/524555689.html</a> UN refugee agency welcomes Brazil announcement of humanitarian visas for Syrians</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-134">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100620004217/http://www.fearab.org.ar/inmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php">«Inmigracion sirio-libanesa en Argentina»</a> (på spansk). Confederación de Entidades Argentino Árabes. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fearab.org.ar/inmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php">originalen</a> 20. juni 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Inmigracion+sirio-libanesa+en+Argentina&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Confederaci%C3%B3n+de+Entidades+Argentino+%C3%81rabes&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fearab.org.ar%2Finmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USdos-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USdos_135-0">135,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USdos_135-1">135,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USdos_135-2">135,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71432.htm">«Syria – International Religious Freedom Report 2006»</a>. U.S. Department of State. 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 28. juni 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+%93+International+Religious+Freedom+Report+2006&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2006%2F71432.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-book-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-book_136-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Danna, Nissim (December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=2nCWIsyZJxUC&amp;pg=PA99&amp;lpg=PA99"><i>The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>: Sussex Academic Press. s.&#160;227. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/978-1-903900-36-9" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/978-1-903900-36-9">978-1-903900-36-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Nissim&amp;rft.aulast=Danna&amp;rft.btitle=The+Druze+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Their+Faith%2C+Leadership%2C+Identity+and+Status&amp;rft.date=2003-12&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-903900-36-9&amp;rft.pages=227&amp;rft.place=Brighton&amp;rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D2nCWIsyZJxUC%26pg%3DPA99%26lpg%3DPA99&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-137">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4283331">The Alawi capture of power in Syria, Middle Eastern Studies, 1989</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-138">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Tomader Fateh (25. oktober 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302140119/http://www.fw-magazine.com/content/patriarch-antioch-i-will-be-judged-if-i-do-not-carry-church-and-each-one-you-my-heart">«Patriarch of Antiokia: I will be judged if I do not carry the Church and each one of you in my heart»</a>. Forward Magazine. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fw-magazine.com/content/patriarch-antioch-i-will-be-judged-if-i-do-not-carry-church-and-each-one-you-my-heart">originalen</a> 2. mars 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 20. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Tomader+Fateh&amp;rft.btitle=Patriarch+of+Antiokia%3A+I+will+be+judged+if+I+do+not+carry+the+Church+and+each+one+of+you+in+my+heart&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Forward+Magazine&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fw-magazine.com%2Fcontent%2Fpatriarch-antioch-i-will-be-judged-if-i-do-not-carry-church-and-each-one-you-my-heart&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-139">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derek_Hopwood&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Derek Hopwood (sida finst ikkje)">Hopwood, Derek</a> (1988). <i>Syria 1945–1986: Politics and Society</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (sida finst ikkje)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-04-445039-7" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-04-445039-7">0-04-445039-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Derek&amp;rft.aulast=Hopwood&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+1945%931986%3A+Politics+and+Society&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-04-445039-7&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-traditional-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-traditional_140-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derek_Hopwood&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Derek Hopwood (sida finst ikkje)">Salamandra, Christa</a> (2004). <i>A New Old Damaskus: Authenticity and Distinction in Urban Syria</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_University_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiana University Press (sida finst ikkje)">Indiana University Press</a>. s.&#160;103. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-253-21722-9" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/0-253-21722-9">0-253-21722-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Christa&amp;rft.aulast=Salamandra&amp;rft.btitle=A+New+Old+Damaskus%3A+Authenticity+and+Distinction+in+Urban+Syria&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-253-21722-9&amp;rft.pages=103&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-141">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Salti, Rasha (2006). <i>Insights Into Syrian Cinema: Essays and Conversations with Contemporary Filmmakers</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ArteEast&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ArteEast (sida finst ikkje)">ArteEast</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/1-892494-70-1" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/1-892494-70-1">1-892494-70-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Rasha&amp;rft.aulast=Salti&amp;rft.btitle=Insights+Into+Syrian+Cinema%3A+Essays+and+Conversations+with+Contemporary+Filmmakers&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1-892494-70-1&amp;rft.pub=ArteEast&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-142">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101227094624/http://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/pfs/371.pdf">«Freedom House report on Syria (2010)»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Freedom House. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/pfs/371.pdf">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 27. desember 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Freedom+House+report+on+Syria+%282010%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Freedom+House&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freedomhouse.org%2Fuploads%2Fpfs%2F371.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-143">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wright, Robin (2008). <i>Dreams and shadows, the Future of the Middle East</i>. Penguin Press. s.&#160;214. «more than one dozen intelligence agencies»</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Robin&amp;rft.aulast=Wright&amp;rft.btitle=Dreams+and+shadows%2C+the+Future+of+the+Middle+East&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=214&amp;rft.pub=Penguin+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-144">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wright, Robin (2008). <i>Dreams and shadows, the Future of the Middle East</i>. Penguin Press. s.&#160;230. «hundreds of thousands of mukhabarat according to dissident Riad Seif»</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.aufirst=Robin&amp;rft.aulast=Wright&amp;rft.btitle=Dreams+and+shadows%2C+the+Future+of+the+Middle+East&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=230&amp;rft.pub=Penguin+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_department_of_States-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-US_department_of_States_145-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/syria/85051.htm">«U.S. Relations With Syria»</a>. State.gov. 24. oktober 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=U.S.+Relations+With+Syria&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=State.gov&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Foutofdate%2Fbgn%2Fsyria%2F85051.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-impact-se-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-impact-se_146-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511081229/http://www.impact-se.org/docs/reports/Syria/Syria2001_ch1.pdf">«Syria's Education System – Report – June 2001»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.impact-se.org/docs/reports/Syria/Syria2001_ch1.pdf">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 11. mai 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria%27s+Education+System+%93+Report+%93+June+2001&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.impact-se.org%2Fdocs%2Freports%2FSyria%2FSyria2001_ch1.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-147">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/syria/37.htm">«Syria – Education»</a>. Countrystudies.us<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 19. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syria+%93+Education&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Countrystudies.us&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fsyria%2F37.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-148">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ministry of Higher Education (23. november 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120805072653/http://www.mohe.gov.sy/new/index.php?page=show&amp;ex=2&amp;dir=docs&amp;lang=2&amp;ser=1&amp;cat=1168&amp;ref=home">«Public universities»</a>. Ministry of Higher Education. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mohe.gov.sy/new/index.php?page=show&amp;ex=2&amp;dir=docs&amp;lang=2&amp;ser=1&amp;cat=1168&amp;ref=home">originalen</a> 5. august 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.au=Ministry+of+Higher+Education&amp;rft.btitle=Public+universities&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Ministry+of+Higher+Education&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mohe.gov.sy%2Fnew%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dshow%26ex%3D2%26dir%3Ddocs%26lang%3D2%26ser%3D1%26cat%3D1168%26ref%3Dhome&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-149">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113145919/http://www.mohe.gov.sy/new/index.php?page=show&amp;ex=2&amp;dir=docs&amp;ex=2&amp;ser=1&amp;lang=2&amp;cat=1521">«Private universities»</a>. Ministry of Higher Education. 23. november 2011. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mohe.gov.sy/new/index.php?page=show&amp;ex=2&amp;dir=docs&amp;ex=2&amp;ser=1&amp;lang=2&amp;cat=1521">originalen</a> 13. november 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Private+universities&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Ministry+of+Higher+Education&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mohe.gov.sy%2Fnew%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dshow%26ex%3D2%26dir%3Ddocs%26ex%3D2%26ser%3D1%26lang%3D2%26cat%3D1521&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-150">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080618100320/http://www.fw-magazine.com/content/we-are-still-high-demand-180000-students-and-20000-annual-enrollments">«Forward Magazine, Interview with President of Damaskus University»</a>. February 2008. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fw-magazine.com/content/we-are-still-high-demand-180000-students-and-20000-annual-enrollments">originalen</a> 18. juni 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Forward+Magazine%2C+Interview+with+President+of+Damaskus+University&amp;rft.date=2008-02&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fw-magazine.com%2Fcontent%2Fwe-are-still-high-demand-180000-students-and-20000-annual-enrollments&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-151">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101003162241/http://www.fw-magazine.com/content/getting-education-right">«Getting education right»</a>. mars 2008. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fw-magazine.com/content/getting-education-right">originalen</a> 3. oktober 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Getting+education+right&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fw-magazine.com%2Fcontent%2Fgetting-education-right&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-152">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webometrics.info/en/aw/Syrian">%20Arab %20Republic «Syrian Arab Republic»</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Check <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url=</code> value (<a href="/wiki/Hjelp:CS1_errors#bad_url" class="mw-redirect" title="Hjelp:CS1 errors">hjelp</a>)</span>. Ranking Web of Universities<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 26. februar 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Syrian+Arab+Republic&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Ranking+Web+of+Universities&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webometrics.info%2Fen%2Faw%2FSyrian+%2520Arab+%2520Republic&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-153">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sesrtcic.org/oic-member-countries-infigures.php?c_code=50&amp;cat_code=8">«Health»</a>. SESRIC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 5. mars 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Health&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=SESRIC&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sesrtcic.org%2Foic-member-countries-infigures.php%3Fc_code%3D50%26cat_code%3D8&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-154">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sesrtcic.org/oic-member-countries-infigures.php?c_code=50&amp;cat_code=7">«Demography»</a>. SESRIC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 22. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ASyria&amp;rft.btitle=Demography&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=SESRIC&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sesrtcic.org%2Foic-member-countries-infigures.php%3Fc_code%3D50%26cat_code%3D7&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=38" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Wikimedia Commons har multimedia som gjeld: <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Syria" class="extiw" title="commons:Syria">Syria</a></b> </div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sy.html">Syria</a> i <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_World_Factbook&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The World Factbook (sida finst ikkje)">The World Factbook</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14703856">Syria </a> på <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Syria" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Syria">Wikimedia Atlas of Syria</a></li></ul> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> Reiseguide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Syria" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Syria">Syria</a> frå Wikivoyage</div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3515230">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stader_rundt_Syria" style="width:60%; clear:none; display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: lightgray; color:black;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Geografisk_plassering" title="Mal:Geografisk plassering"><abbr title="Vis denne malen" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:Geografisk_plassering&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Geografisk plassering (sida finst ikkje)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen" style="color:black">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-endre"><a class="external text" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></div> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vest"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Syria</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Aust"><img alt="" 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title="Irak">Irak</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kompassrose"><img alt="Kompassrose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3515230"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3559440"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vest-Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse 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title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a><b>&#160;·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Nord-Kypros" title="Nord-Kypros">Nord-Kypros</a></i> <b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Det_palestinske_omr%C3%A5det" title="Det palestinske området">Palestina</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dei_sameinte_arabiske_emirata" title="Dei sameinte arabiske emirata">Dei sameinte arabiske emirata</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia">Saudi-Arabia</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syria</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Middle_East_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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href="/wiki/Biland" title="Biland">Biland</a> og andre territorium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Akrot%C3%ADri_og_Dek%C3%A9lia" title="Akrotíri og Dekélia">Akrotíri og Dekélia</a> <small style="line-height:130%">(<a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">UK</a>)</small><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> <small style="line-height:130%">(UK)</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3515230"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3559440"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Den_arabiske_ligaen" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3515230"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3559440"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3515230"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3559440"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisasjonen_for_islamsk_samarbeid_(OIC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Organisasjonen_for_islamsk_samarbeid" title="Mal:Organisasjonen for islamsk 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Algerie" title="Algerie">Algerie</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aserbajdsjan" title="Aserbajdsjan">Aserbajdsjan</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad">Tsjad</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Komorane" title="Komorane">Komorane</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elfenbeinskysten" title="Elfenbeinskysten">Elfenbeinskysten</a> <b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kirgisistan" title="Kirgisistan">Kirgisistan</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Maldivane" title="Maldivane">Maldivane</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marokko" title="Marokko">Marokko</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik">Mosambik</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Suriname">Suriname</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tadsjikistan" title="Tadsjikistan">Tadsjikistan</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Usbekistan" title="Usbekistan">Usbekistan</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dei_sameinte_arabiske_emirata" title="Dei sameinte arabiske emirata">Dei sameinte arabiske emirata</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suspendert</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observatørar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;">Land og territorium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia-Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia-Herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Den_sentralafrikanske_republikken" title="Den sentralafrikanske republikken">Den sentralafrikanske republikken</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nord-Kypros" title="Nord-Kypros">Nord-Kypros</a><sup><small>1</small></sup><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;">Muslimske samfunn</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moro_nasojnale_frigjeringsfront&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Moro nasojnale frigjeringsfront (sida finst ikkje)">Moro nasojnale frigjeringsfront</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;">Internasjonale<br />organisasjonar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_Cooperation_Organization&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Economic Cooperation Organization (sida finst ikkje)">Economic Cooperation Organization</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Den_afrikanske_unionen" title="Den afrikanske unionen">Den afrikanske unionen</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Den_arabiske_ligaen" title="Den arabiske ligaen">Den arabiske ligaen</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Organisasjonen_av_alliansefrie_nasjonar" title="Organisasjonen av alliansefrie nasjonar">Organisasjonen av alliansefrie nasjonar</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dei_sameinte_nasjonane" title="Dei sameinte nasjonane">Dei sameinte nasjonane</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>&#160;·</b> <sup><small>1</small></sup> Som «Den tyrkisk-kypriotiske staten».</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3515230"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3559440"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritetsdata" title="Autoritetsdata">Autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80-061798">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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