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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Robertian_dynasty_(922–923)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Robertian_dynasty_(922–923)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Robertian dynasty (922–923) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Robertian_dynasty_(922–923)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bosonid_dynasty_(923–936)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bosonid_dynasty_(923–936)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Bosonid dynasty (923–936) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bosonid_dynasty_(923–936)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carolingian_dynasty_(936–987)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carolingian_dynasty_(936–987)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Carolingian dynasty (936–987) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carolingian_dynasty_(936–987)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capetian_dynasty_(987–1792;_1814–1848)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capetian_dynasty_(987–1792;_1814–1848)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Capetian dynasty (987–1792; 1814–1848) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Capetian_dynasty_(987–1792;_1814–1848)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Capetian dynasty (987–1792; 1814–1848) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Capetian_dynasty_(987–1792;_1814–1848)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_of_Capet_(987–1328)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Capet_(987–1328)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 House of Capet (987–1328) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Capet_(987–1328)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Valois_(1328–1589)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Valois_(1328–1589)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 House of Valois (1328–1589) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Valois_(1328–1589)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_of_Valois-Orléans_(1498–1515)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Valois-Orléans_(1498–1515)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 House of Valois-Orléans (1498–1515) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Valois-Orléans_(1498–1515)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Valois-Angoulême_(1515–1589)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Valois-Angoulême_(1515–1589)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 House of Valois-Angoulême (1515–1589) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Valois-Angoulême_(1515–1589)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Bourbon_(1589–1792)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Bourbon_(1589–1792)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 House of Bourbon (1589–1792) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Bourbon_(1589–1792)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long_19th-century_(1792–1870)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_19th-century_(1792–1870)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Long 19th-century (1792–1870) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Long_19th-century_(1792–1870)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Long 19th-century (1792–1870) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Long_19th-century_(1792–1870)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_of_Bonaparte,_First_French_Empire_(1804–1814)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Bonaparte,_First_French_Empire_(1804–1814)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 House of Bonaparte, First French Empire (1804–1814) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Bonaparte,_First_French_Empire_(1804–1814)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Bourbon,_First_Restoration_(1814–1815)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Bourbon,_First_Restoration_(1814–1815)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 House of Bourbon, First Restoration (1814–1815) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Bourbon,_First_Restoration_(1814–1815)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Bonaparte,_Hundred_Days_(1815)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Bonaparte,_Hundred_Days_(1815)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 House of Bonaparte, Hundred Days (1815) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Bonaparte,_Hundred_Days_(1815)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Bourbon,_Second_Restoration_(1815–1830)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Bourbon,_Second_Restoration_(1815–1830)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 House of Bourbon, Second Restoration (1815–1830) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Bourbon,_Second_Restoration_(1815–1830)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Bourbon-Orléans,_July_Monarchy_(1830–1848)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Bourbon-Orléans,_July_Monarchy_(1830–1848)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 House of Bourbon-Orléans, July Monarchy (1830–1848) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Bourbon-Orléans,_July_Monarchy_(1830–1848)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Bonaparte,_Second_French_Empire_(1852–1870)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Bonaparte,_Second_French_Empire_(1852–1870)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 House of Bonaparte, Second French Empire (1852–1870) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Bonaparte,_Second_French_Empire_(1852–1870)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_pretenders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_pretenders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Later pretenders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_pretenders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Timeline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coronations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coronations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Coronations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coronations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Main bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Secondary bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">List of French monarchs</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" > 73 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Herrscher_Frankreichs" title="Liste der Herrscher Frankreichs – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Liste der Herrscher Frankreichs" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%86%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Франциа амонархцәа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Франциа амонархцәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="قائمة ملوك فرنسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة ملوك فرنسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_reis_de_Francia" title="Lista de reis de Francia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lista de reis de Francia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_de_monarques_de_Francia" title="Llista de monarques de Francia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llista de monarques de Francia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa_monarxlar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_siyah%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Fransa monarxlarının siyahısı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransa monarxlarının siyahısı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Спіс манархаў Францыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спіс манархаў Францыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Каралі Францыі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каралі Францыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Крал на Франция – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Крал на Франция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spisak_francuskih_kraljeva" title="Spisak francuskih kraljeva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Spisak francuskih kraljeva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll_an_unpenno%C3%B9_gall" title="Roll an unpennoù gall – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Roll an unpennoù gall" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_de_reis_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Llista de reis de França – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista de reis de França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_francouzsk%C3%BDch_panovn%C3%ADk%C5%AF" title="Seznam francouzských panovníků – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seznam francouzských panovníků" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenhinoedd_Ffrainc" title="Brenhinoedd Ffrainc – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brenhinoedd Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrigs_monarker" title="Frankrigs monarker – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frankrigs monarker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsusmaa_monarhide_loend" title="Prantsusmaa monarhide loend – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsusmaa monarhide loend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κατάλογος μοναρχών της Γαλλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατάλογος μοναρχών της Γαλλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Monarcas_de_Francia" title="Anexo:Monarcas de Francia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Monarcas de Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listo_de_francaj_re%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de francaj reĝoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Listo de francaj reĝoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerrenda:Frantziako_errege-erreginak" title="Zerrenda:Frantziako errege-erreginak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zerrenda:Frantziako errege-erreginak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فهرست پادشاهان فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست پادشاهان فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_monarques_de_France" title="Liste des monarques de France – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste des monarques de France" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liosta_de_na_monarca%C3%AD_Francacha" title="Liosta de na monarcaí Francacha – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Liosta de na monarcaí Francacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_monarcas_de_Francia" title="Lista de monarcas de Francia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lista de monarcas de Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="프랑스의 군주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스의 군주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Ֆրանսիայի միապետների ցանկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիայի միապետների ցանկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popis_francuskih_vladara" title="Popis francuskih vladara – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Popis francuskih vladara" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listo_pri_monarki_di_Francia" title="Listo pri monarki di Francia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Listo pri monarki di Francia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_Raja_Prancis" title="Daftar Raja Prancis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar Raja Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konungar_Frakklands" title="Konungar Frakklands – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Konungar Frakklands" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovrani_di_Francia" title="Sovrani di Francia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sovrani di Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%99_%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="מלכי צרפת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלכי צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="საფრანგეთის მონარქების სია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრანგეთის მონარქების სია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexala_dem_nafalikeem_ke_Franca" title="Vexala dem nafalikeem ke Franca – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Vexala dem nafalikeem ke Franca" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lis_monak_Frans_yo" title="Lis monak Frans yo – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lis monak Frans yo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reges_Franciae" title="Reges Franciae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Reges Franciae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francijas_valdnieku_uzskait%C4%ABjums" title="Francijas valdnieku uzskaitījums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francijas valdnieku uzskaitījums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABscht_vun_de_frans%C3%A9ische_Monarchen" title="Lëscht vun de franséische Monarchen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lëscht vun de franséische Monarchen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%85ra%C5%A1as:Pranc%C5%ABzijos_monarchai" title="Sąrašas:Prancūzijos monarchai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sąrašas:Prancūzijos monarchai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_di_monarca_frances" title="Lista di monarca frances – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lista di monarca frances" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciaorsz%C3%A1g_uralkod%C3%B3inak_list%C3%A1ja" title="Franciaország uralkodóinak listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Franciaország uralkodóinak listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Список на француски кралеви – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Список на француски кралеви" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="फ्रान्सच्या राज्यकर्त्यांची यादी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रान्सच्या राज्यकर्त्यांची यादी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ملوك فرنسا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ملوك فرنسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senarai_raja_Perancis" title="Senarai raja Perancis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Senarai raja Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_koningen_van_Frankrijk" title="Lijst van koningen van Frankrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van koningen van Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7" title="フランス君主一覧 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス君主一覧" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_over_Frankrikes_monarker" title="Liste over Frankrikes monarker – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liste over Frankrikes monarker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franske_monarkar" title="Franske monarkar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Franske monarkar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_monarques_d%C3%A9_Fraunce" title="Liste des monarques dé Fraunce – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Liste des monarques dé Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_dels_monarcas_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Lista dels monarcas de França – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lista dels monarcas de França" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%92_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="فرانس دے شاہی حکمراناں دی لسٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانس دے شاہی حکمراناں دی لسٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adcy_Francji" title="Władcy Francji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Władcy Francji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_monarcas_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Lista de monarcas da França – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista de monarcas da França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%C4%83_de_monarhi_francezi" title="Listă de monarhi francezi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Listă de monarhi francezi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Список монархов Франции – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Список монархов Франции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re_di_Francia" title="Re di Francia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Re di Francia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="List of French monarchs" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoznam_panovn%C3%ADkov_Franc%C3%BAzska" title="Zoznam panovníkov Francúzska – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zoznam panovníkov Francúzska" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_francoskih_vladarjev" title="Seznam francoskih vladarjev – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Seznam francoskih vladarjev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Списак владара Француске – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Списак владара Француске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_vladara_Francuske" title="Lista vladara Francuske – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lista vladara Francuske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luettelo_Ranskan_hallitsijoista" title="Luettelo Ranskan hallitsijoista – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luettelo Ranskan hallitsijoista" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Frankrikes_regenter" title="Lista över Frankrikes regenter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lista över Frankrikes regenter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="รายพระนามพระมหากษัตริย์และจักรพรรดิฝรั่งเศส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รายพระนามพระมหากษัตริย์และจักรพรรดิฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa_h%C3%BCk%C3%BCmdarlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Fransa hükümdarları listesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransa hükümdarları listesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Монархи Франції – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монархи Франції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Louis_IX_of_France_as_depicted_in_an_old_miniature_by_Bernard_Gui.jpg/134px-Louis_IX_of_France_as_depicted_in_an_old_miniature_by_Bernard_Gui.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Louis_IX_of_France_as_depicted_in_an_old_miniature_by_Bernard_Gui.jpg/178px-Louis_IX_of_France_as_depicted_in_an_old_miniature_by_Bernard_Gui.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="558" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:83px;max-width:83px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Francis I, King of France (reigned 1515 to 1547)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg/81px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg/122px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg/162px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2648" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:85px;max-width:85px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Henry_IV_of_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Henry IV of France (reigned 1589 to 1610)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/King_Henry_IV_of_France.jpg/83px-King_Henry_IV_of_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/King_Henry_IV_of_France.jpg/125px-King_Henry_IV_of_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/King_Henry_IV_of_France.jpg/166px-King_Henry_IV_of_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:90px;max-width:90px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis-xiv-lebrunl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="painting of Louis XIV, circa 1661 (reigned 1643 to 1715)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Louis-xiv-lebrunl.jpg/88px-Louis-xiv-lebrunl.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Louis-xiv-lebrunl.jpg/132px-Louis-xiv-lebrunl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Louis-xiv-lebrunl.jpg/176px-Louis-xiv-lebrunl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2385" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:84px;max-width:84px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="1774-1776 painting of Louis XVI (reigned 1774 to 1792)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg/82px-Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg/123px-Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg/164px-Louis_XVI_of_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="438" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Painting_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_by_Jacques-Louis_David,_1813.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte, ruled as emperor Napoleon I (1804 to 1814, and 1815)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Painting_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_by_Jacques-Louis_David%2C_1813.jpg/95px-Painting_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_by_Jacques-Louis_David%2C_1813.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Painting_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_by_Jacques-Louis_David%2C_1813.jpg/143px-Painting_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_by_Jacques-Louis_David%2C_1813.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Painting_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_by_Jacques-Louis_David%2C_1813.jpg/190px-Painting_of_Napoleon_Bonaparte_by_Jacques-Louis_David%2C_1813.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="475" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:77px;max-width:77px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleon_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Napoleon III (Louis-Napoleon; reigned 1852 to 1870)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Napoleon_III.jpg/75px-Napoleon_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Napoleon_III.jpg/113px-Napoleon_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Napoleon_III.jpg/150px-Napoleon_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="495" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">From top; left to right: <a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_France" title="Robert I of France">Robert I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Capet" title="Hugh Capet">Hugh Capet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Family_tree_of_French_monarchs_509%E2%80%931870.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs_509%E2%80%931870.svg/220px-Family_tree_of_French_monarchs_509%E2%80%931870.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="544" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs_509%E2%80%931870.svg/330px-Family_tree_of_French_monarchs_509%E2%80%931870.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs_509%E2%80%931870.svg/440px-Family_tree_of_French_monarchs_509%E2%80%931870.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="4945" /></a><figcaption>The family tree of Frankish and French monarchs (509–1870)</figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarchs</a> from the establishment of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Francia</a> in 843 until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a> in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a> usually regards <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Franks">king of the Franks</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 507–511), as the first king of France. However, historians today consider that such a kingdom did not begin until the establishment of <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Francia</a>, after the fragmentation of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> in the 9th century.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles">Titles</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Titles">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_French_sovereign" title="Style of the French sovereign">Style of the French sovereign</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/French_monarchs_family_tree_(simple)" class="mw-redirect" title="French monarchs family tree (simple)">French monarchs family tree (simple)</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_monarchs_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="French monarchs family tree">French monarchs family tree</a></div> The kings used the title "King of the Franks" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Rex Francorum) until the late twelfth century; the first to adopt the title of "King of France" (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: Rex Franciae; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: roi de France) was <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II</a> in 1190 (r. 1180–1223), after which the title "King of the Franks" gradually lost ground.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> However, Francorum Rex continued to be sometimes used, for example by <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII</a> in 1499, by <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a> in 1515, and by <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II</a> in about 1550; it was also used on coins up to the eighteenth century.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> During the brief period when the <a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1791" title="French Constitution of 1791">French Constitution of 1791</a> was in effect (1791–1792) and after the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a> in 1830, the <a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">style</a> "<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of the French">King of the French</a>" (roi des Français) was used instead of "<a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King of France</a> (and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">Navarre</a>)". It was a constitutional innovation known as <a href="/wiki/Popular_monarchy" title="Popular monarchy">popular monarchy</a> which linked the monarch's title to the French people rather than to the possession of the territory of France.<a href="#cite_note-deploige-5">[5]</a> With the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a>, the title "<a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_French" title="Emperor of the French">Emperor of the French</a>" (Empereur des Français) was used in <a href="/wiki/19th-century_France" class="mw-redirect" title="19th-century France">19th-century France</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">first</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">second</a> French Empires, between 1804 and 1814, again in 1815, and between 1852 and 1870.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> From the 14th century down to 1801, the <a href="/wiki/English_claims_to_the_French_throne" title="English claims to the French throne">English (and later British) monarch claimed the throne of France</a>, though such claim was purely nominal excepting a short period during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> when <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a> had control over most of Northern France, including Paris. By 1453, the English had been mostly expelled from France and Henry's claim has since been considered illegitimate; French historiography commonly does not recognize Henry VI of England among the kings of France. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frankish_kings_(843–987)">Frankish kings (843–987)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Frankish kings (843–987)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For earlier rulers, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Frankish_kings" title="List of Frankish kings">List of Frankish kings</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carolingian_dynasty_(843–887)">Carolingian dynasty (843–887)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Carolingian dynasty (843–887)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a></div> The Carolingians were a <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> noble family with origins in the <a href="/wiki/Pippinids" title="Pippinids">Arnulfing and Pippinid</a> clans of the 7th century AD. The family consolidated its power in the 8th century, eventually making the offices of <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_palace" title="Mayor of the palace">mayor of the palace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dux_et_princeps_Francorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Dux et princeps Francorum">dux et princeps Francorum</a> hereditary and becoming the real powers behind the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingian kings</a>. The dynasty is named after one of these mayors of the palace, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a>, whose son <a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin the Short</a> dethroned the Merovingians in 751 and, with the consent of the <a href="/wiki/Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Papacy">Papacy</a> and the aristocracy, was crowned <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Franks">King of the Franks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Under <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles the Great">Charles the Great</a> (r. 768–814), better known as "<a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>", the Frankish kingdom expanded deep into <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, conquering <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and most of modern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. He was also crowned "<a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor of the Romans</a>" by the Pope, a title that was eventually carried on by the German rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. Charlemagne was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> (r. 814–840), who eventually divided the kingdom between his sons. His death, however, was followed by a three-year-long civil war that ended with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a>, which divided <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a> into three kingdoms, one of which (<a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia">Middle Francia</a>) was short-lived. Modern France developed from <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Francia</a>, while <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. By this time, the eastern and western parts of the land had already developed different languages and cultures.<a href="#cite_note-:0-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a> <table width="98%" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="22%">Succession </th> <th width="24%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France_-_Bible_de_Vivien_Ms._Latin_1_folio_423r_d%C3%A9tail_Le_comte_Vivien_offre_le_manuscrit_de_la_Bible_faite_%C3%A0_l%27abbaye_de_Saint-Martin_de_Tours_%C3%A0_Charles_le_Chauve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France_-_Bible_de_Vivien_Ms._Latin_1_folio_423r_d%C3%A9tail_Le_comte_Vivien_offre_le_manuscrit_de_la_Bible_faite_%C3%A0_l%27abbaye_de_Saint-Martin_de_Tours_%C3%A0_Charles_le_Chauve.jpg/110px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France_-_Bible_de_Vivien_Ms._Latin_1_folio_423r_d%C3%A9tail_Le_comte_Vivien_offre_le_manuscrit_de_la_Bible_faite_%C3%A0_l%27abbaye_de_Saint-Martin_de_Tours_%C3%A0_Charles_le_Chauve.jpg/165px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France_-_Bible_de_Vivien_Ms._Latin_1_folio_423r_d%C3%A9tail_Le_comte_Vivien_offre_le_manuscrit_de_la_Bible_faite_%C3%A0_l%27abbaye_de_Saint-Martin_de_Tours_%C3%A0_Charles_le_Chauve.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2068" data-file-height="2462" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II "the Bald"</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-10">[a]</a> </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 10 August 843<a href="#cite_note-11">[i]</a> – 6 October 877 (34 years and 2 months) </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> and grandson of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>; recognized as king after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a> </td> <td>13 June 823<a href="#cite_note-14">[b]</a> – 6 October 877 (aged 54)<hr /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Aquitaine" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Aquitaine">King of Aquitaine</a> since 838. Crowned "<a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor of the Romans</a>" on Christmas 875. Died of natural causes<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlvde_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty328''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-II-Holy-Roman-emperor_Charles_II]-15">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Denier_sous_Louis_II_dit_le_B%C3%A8gue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Denier_sous_Louis_II_dit_le_B%C3%A8gue.jpg/110px-Denier_sous_Louis_II_dit_le_B%C3%A8gue.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Denier_sous_Louis_II_dit_le_B%C3%A8gue.jpg/165px-Denier_sous_Louis_II_dit_le_B%C3%A8gue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Denier_sous_Louis_II_dit_le_B%C3%A8gue.jpg/220px-Denier_sous_Louis_II_dit_le_B%C3%A8gue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2773" data-file-height="1380" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Stammerer" title="Louis the Stammerer">Louis II "the Stammerer"</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[c]</a> </td> <td>6 October 877<a href="#cite_note-18">[ii]</a> – 10 April 879 (1 year, 6 months and 4 days) </td> <td>Son of Charles the Bald </td> <td>1 November 846 – 10 April 879 (aged 32)<hr /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Aquitaine" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Aquitaine">King of Aquitaine</a> since 867. Died of natural causes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlvde_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty328''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-II-king-of-France_Louis_II]-19">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Denier_sous_Louis_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Denier_sous_Louis_III.jpg/110px-Denier_sous_Louis_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Denier_sous_Louis_III.jpg/165px-Denier_sous_Louis_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Denier_sous_Louis_III.jpg/220px-Denier_sous_Louis_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2347" data-file-height="1140" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_III_of_France" title="Louis III of France">Louis III</a> </td> <td>10 April 879<a href="#cite_note-21">[iii]</a> – 5 August 882 (3 years, 3 months and 26 days) </td> <td>Son of Louis the Stammerer </td> <td>863 – 5 August 882<a href="#cite_note-26">[d]</a> (aged 19)<hr />Ruled the North; died after hitting his head with a <a href="/wiki/Lintel" title="Lintel">lintel</a> while riding his horse.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlviiiThoison189McCarty328Dutton1994227''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-III-king-of-France_Louis_III]-27">[20]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Denier_sous_Carloman_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Denier_sous_Carloman_II.jpg/110px-Denier_sous_Carloman_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Denier_sous_Carloman_II.jpg/165px-Denier_sous_Carloman_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Denier_sous_Carloman_II.jpg/220px-Denier_sous_Carloman_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2652" data-file-height="1323" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carloman_II" title="Carloman II">Carloman II</a> </td> <td>10 April 879<a href="#cite_note-28">[iv]</a> – 6 December 884 (5 years, 7 months and 26 days) </td> <td>Son of Louis the Stammerer </td> <td>866 – 6 December 884<a href="#cite_note-32">[e]</a> (aged 18)<hr />Ruled the South; died after being accidentally stabbed by his servant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlviiiThoison189Dutton1994227''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCarloman-king-of-France-died-884_Carloman]-33">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Sceau_de_Charles_le_gros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Sceau_de_Charles_le_gros.jpg/110px-Sceau_de_Charles_le_gros.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Sceau_de_Charles_le_gros.jpg/165px-Sceau_de_Charles_le_gros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Sceau_de_Charles_le_gros.jpg/220px-Sceau_de_Charles_le_gros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="291" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles (III) "the Fat"</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[f]</a> </td> <td>12 December 884<a href="#cite_note-38">[v]</a> – 11 November 887<a href="#cite_note-40">[g]</a> (2 years, 11 months and 5 days) </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_the_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis II the German">Louis II the German</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a>, and grandson of <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis I</a> </td> <td>839<a href="#cite_note-42">[h]</a> – 13 January 888 (aged 48–49)<hr /><a href="/wiki/King_of_East_Francia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of East Francia">King of East Francia</a> since 876; crowned <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor</a> in 881. Last ruler to control all Frankish territories. Deposed by the nobility, later dying of natural causes<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlvde_Wailly10McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-III-Holy-Roman-emperor_Charles_III]-43">[30]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Robertian_dynasty_(888–898)">Robertian dynasty (888–898)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Robertian dynasty (888–898)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Robertians" title="Robertians">Robertians</a></div> <table width="98%" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="22%">Succession </th> <th width="24%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Denier_de_Blois_sous_Eudes_de_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Denier_de_Blois_sous_Eudes_de_France.jpg/110px-Denier_de_Blois_sous_Eudes_de_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Denier_de_Blois_sous_Eudes_de_France.jpg/165px-Denier_de_Blois_sous_Eudes_de_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Denier_de_Blois_sous_Eudes_de_France.jpg/220px-Denier_de_Blois_sous_Eudes_de_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3739" data-file-height="1865" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_France" title="Odo of France">Odo</a> Eudes or Odon </td> <td>29 February 888<a href="#cite_note-45">[vi]</a> – 3 January 898 (9 years, 10 months and 15 days) </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Strong" title="Robert the Strong">Robert the Strong</a>; elected king by the French nobles following the deposition of Charles. Initially rivaled by <a href="/wiki/Guy_III_of_Spoleto" title="Guy III of Spoleto">Guy III of Spoleto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ranulf_II_of_Aquitaine" title="Ranulf II of Aquitaine">Ranulf II of Aquitaine</a> </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 858 – 3 January 898<a href="#cite_note-49">[i]</a> (aged approx. 40)<hr />Defended Paris from the <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a>; died of natural causes<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlixde_Wailly10McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyEudes-king-of-Franks_Eudes]-50">[35]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carolingian_dynasty_(898–922)">Carolingian dynasty (898–922)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Carolingian dynasty (898–922)">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" width="98%" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="22%">Succession </th> <th width="24%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Denier_sous_Charles_III_le_Simple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Denier_sous_Charles_III_le_Simple.jpg/110px-Denier_sous_Charles_III_le_Simple.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Denier_sous_Charles_III_le_Simple.jpg/165px-Denier_sous_Charles_III_le_Simple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Denier_sous_Charles_III_le_Simple.jpg/220px-Denier_sous_Charles_III_le_Simple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3699" data-file-height="1845" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles III "the Simple"</a> </td> <td>3 January 898<a href="#cite_note-52">[vii]</a> – 29 June 922 (24 years, 5 months and 26 days) </td> <td>Posthumous son of <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_the_Stammerer" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis II the Stammerer">Louis II the Stammerer</a>; proclaimed king in opposition to <a href="/wiki/Odo_of_France" title="Odo of France">Odo</a> in January 893 </td> <td>17 September 879 – 7 October 929 (aged 50)<hr />Deposed by Robert's followers; later captured by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_II,_Count_of_Vermandois" title="Herbert II, Count of Vermandois">Herbert II, Count of Vermandois</a>. Died in captivity<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlix–lxde_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-III-king-of-France_Charles_III]-53">[36]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Robertian_dynasty_(922–923)">Robertian dynasty (922–923)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Robertian dynasty (922–923)">edit</a>]</div> <table width="98%" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="22%">Succession </th> <th width="24%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Ier_roi_des_Francs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Robert_Ier_roi_des_Francs.jpg/90px-Robert_Ier_roi_des_Francs.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Robert_Ier_roi_des_Francs.jpg/135px-Robert_Ier_roi_des_Francs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Robert_Ier_roi_des_Francs.jpg/180px-Robert_Ier_roi_des_Francs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="266" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_France" title="Robert I of France">Robert I</a> </td> <td>29 June 922<a href="#cite_note-55">[viii]</a>– 15 June 923 (11 months and 17 days) </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Strong" title="Robert the Strong">Robert the Strong</a> and younger brother of Odo </td> <td>865 – 15 June 923 (aged 58)<hr />Killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soissons_(923)" title="Battle of Soissons (923)">Battle of Soissons</a> against <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles III</a>. Sole king to die in battle<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxde_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyEudes-king-of-Franks_Eudes]-56">[38]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bosonid_dynasty_(923–936)">Bosonid dynasty (923–936)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bosonid dynasty (923–936)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a></div> <table class="wikitable" width="98%" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="22%">Succession </th> <th width="24%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Denier_sous_Raoul_de_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Denier_sous_Raoul_de_France.jpg/110px-Denier_sous_Raoul_de_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Denier_sous_Raoul_de_France.jpg/165px-Denier_sous_Raoul_de_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Denier_sous_Raoul_de_France.jpg/220px-Denier_sous_Raoul_de_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3901" data-file-height="1922" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_of_France" title="Rudolph of France">Rudolph</a> Rodolphe or Raoul </td> <td>15 June 923<a href="#cite_note-57">[ix]</a>– 14 January 936 (12 years, 6 months and 30 days) </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Richard,_Duke_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard, Duke of Burgundy">Richard, Duke of Burgundy</a> and son-in-law of Robert I </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">Duke of Burgundy</a> since 921. Died of illness after a reign of constant civil war and <a href="/wiki/Viking_raids" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking raids">viking raids</a>. Lost <a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Lotharingia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>) to <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry I of Germany">Henry I of Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxide_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyRudolf-king-of-France_Rudolf]-58">[39]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carolingian_dynasty_(936–987)">Carolingian dynasty (936–987)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Carolingian dynasty (936–987)">edit</a>]</div> <table width="98%" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="22%">Succession </th> <th width="24%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Denier_Chinon_954,_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg/110px-Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg/165px-Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg/220px-Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="231" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV_of_France" title="Louis IV of France">Louis IV "from Overseas"</a> </td> <td>19 June 936<a href="#cite_note-59">[x]</a> – 10 September 954 (18 years, 2 months and 22 days) </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles the Simple</a>, recalled to France after being exiled to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> </td> <td>921 – 10 September 954 (aged 33)<hr />Died after <a href="/wiki/List_of_horse_accidents" title="List of horse accidents">falling off his horse</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxide_Wailly10McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-IV-king-of-France_Louis_IV]-60">[40]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:T%C3%AAte_de_la_statue_du_roi_Lothaire_fab_en_1140_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/T%C3%AAte_de_la_statue_du_roi_Lothaire_fab_en_1140_%28cropped%29.JPG/110px-T%C3%AAte_de_la_statue_du_roi_Lothaire_fab_en_1140_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/T%C3%AAte_de_la_statue_du_roi_Lothaire_fab_en_1140_%28cropped%29.JPG/165px-T%C3%AAte_de_la_statue_du_roi_Lothaire_fab_en_1140_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/T%C3%AAte_de_la_statue_du_roi_Lothaire_fab_en_1140_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-T%C3%AAte_de_la_statue_du_roi_Lothaire_fab_en_1140_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2156" data-file-height="2915" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lothair_of_France" title="Lothair of France">Lothair</a> Lothaire </td> <td>10 September 954<a href="#cite_note-61">[xi]</a> – 2 March 986 (31 years, 5 months and 20 days) </td> <td>Son of Louis IV </td> <td>941 – 2 March 986 (aged 44)<hr />Died of natural causes<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxiide_Wailly10Thoison190McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLothar-king-of-France_Lothar]-62">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_V_of_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Louis_V_of_France.jpg/110px-Louis_V_of_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Louis_V_of_France.jpg/165px-Louis_V_of_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Louis_V_of_France.jpg/220px-Louis_V_of_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="313" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_V_of_France" title="Louis V of France">Louis V "the Do-Nothing"</a> </td> <td>2 March 986<a href="#cite_note-63">[xii]</a> – 22 May 987 (1 year, 2 months and 20 days) </td> <td>Son of Lothair </td> <td>967 – 22 May 987<a href="#cite_note-65">[k]</a> (aged 20)<hr />Died in a hunting accident<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxii–lxiiide_Wailly10McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyhttpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-V_Louis_V]-66">[43]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capetian_dynasty_(987–1792;_1814–1848)">Capetian dynasty (987–1792; 1814–1848)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Capetian dynasty (987–1792; 1814–1848)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">Capetian dynasty</a></div> The Capetian dynasty is named for Hugh Capet, a <a href="/wiki/Robertian" class="mw-redirect" title="Robertian">Robertian</a> who served as <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_the_Franks" title="Duke of the Franks">Duke of the Franks</a> and was elected King in 987. Except for the Bonaparte-led Empires, every monarch of France was a male-line descendant of Hugh Capet. The kingship passed through patrilineally from father to son until the 14th century, a period known as <a href="/wiki/Direct_Capetian" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Capetian">Direct Capetian</a> rule. Afterwards, it passed to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a>, a cadet branch that descended from <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III</a>. The Valois claim was disputed by <a href="/wiki/Edward_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward III">Edward III</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Plantagenet" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantagenet">Plantagenet</a> king of England who claimed himself as the rightful king of France through his French mother <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella</a>. The two houses fought the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> over the issue, and with <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a> being for <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Troyes" title="Treaty of Troyes">a time partially recognized as King of France</a>. The Valois line died out in the late 16th century, during the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a>, to be replaced by the distantly related <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a>, which descended through the Direct Capetian <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a>. The Bourbons ruled France until deposed in the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, though they were <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">restored to the throne</a> after the fall of Napoleon. The last Capetian to rule was <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a> (1830–1848), a member of the cadet <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Bourbon-Orléans">House of Bourbon-Orléans</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Capet_(987–1328)">House of Capet (987–1328)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: House of Capet (987–1328)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a></div> The House of Capet are also commonly known as the "Direct Capetians". <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="5%">Arms </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="18%">Succession </th> <th width="25%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:SceauHuguesCapet_(cropped).PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/SceauHuguesCapet_%28cropped%29.PNG/110px-SceauHuguesCapet_%28cropped%29.PNG" decoding="async" width="110" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/SceauHuguesCapet_%28cropped%29.PNG/165px-SceauHuguesCapet_%28cropped%29.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/SceauHuguesCapet_%28cropped%29.PNG/220px-SceauHuguesCapet_%28cropped%29.PNG 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="244" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Capet" title="Hugh Capet">Hugh "Capet"</a> Hugues<a href="#cite_note-68">[l]</a> </td> <td rowspan="8"> </td> <td>1 June 987<a href="#cite_note-70">[xiii]</a> – 24 October 996 (9 years, 4 months and 23 days) </td> <td>Elected king by the French nobles. Son of <a href="/wiki/Hugh_the_Great" title="Hugh the Great">Hugh the Great</a> and grandson of <a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_France" title="Robert I of France">Robert I</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[m]</a> </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 940 – 24 October 996 (aged approx. 55)<hr /><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_the_Franks" title="Duke of the Franks">Duke of the Franks</a> since 956. Died of natural causes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot10–16Humphreys1''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHugh-Capet_Hugh]-73">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Sceau_de_Robert_II_le_pieux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sceau_de_Robert_II_le_pieux.jpg/110px-Sceau_de_Robert_II_le_pieux.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sceau_de_Robert_II_le_pieux.jpg/165px-Sceau_de_Robert_II_le_pieux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sceau_de_Robert_II_le_pieux.jpg/220px-Sceau_de_Robert_II_le_pieux.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="513" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_II_of_France" title="Robert II of France">Robert II "the Pious"</a> </td> <td>24 October 996<a href="#cite_note-74">[xiv]</a> – 20 July 1031 (34 years, 8 months and 26 days) </td> <td>Only son of Hugh Capet </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 970 – 20 July 1031 (aged approx. 60)<hr />Married thrice, getting <a href="/wiki/Excommunicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunicated">excommunicated</a> by the Catholic Church. Incorporated the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Duchy of Burgundy</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot16–20Humphreys2''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyRobert-II-king-of-France_Robert_II]-75">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#fac8c8"> </td> <td bgcolor="#fac8c8"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Magnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Magnus">Hughes</a> (junior king)<a href="#cite_note-:1-76">[n]</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#fac8c8">19 June 1017 – 17 September 1025 (under Robert II) </td> <td bgcolor="#fac8c8">Son of Robert II </td> <td bgcolor="#fac8c8"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1007 – 17 September 1025 (aged approx. 18)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot17-77">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Sceau_du_roi_Henri_Ier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sceau_du_roi_Henri_Ier.jpg/110px-Sceau_du_roi_Henri_Ier.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sceau_du_roi_Henri_Ier.jpg/165px-Sceau_du_roi_Henri_Ier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sceau_du_roi_Henri_Ier.jpg/220px-Sceau_du_roi_Henri_Ier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="535" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_France" title="Henry I of France">Henry I</a> Henri </td> <td>20 July 1031<a href="#cite_note-78">[xv]</a> – 4 August 1060 (29 years and 15 days) </td> <td>Son of Robert II </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1005 – 4 August 1060 (aged approx. 55)<hr />His reign was marked with internal struggle against feudal lords<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot20–22Humphreys3''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-I-king-of-France_Henry_I]-79">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Sceau_du_roi_Philippe_Ier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sceau_du_roi_Philippe_Ier.jpg/110px-Sceau_du_roi_Philippe_Ier.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sceau_du_roi_Philippe_Ier.jpg/165px-Sceau_du_roi_Philippe_Ier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sceau_du_roi_Philippe_Ier.jpg/220px-Sceau_du_roi_Philippe_Ier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="548" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I "the Amorous"</a> Philippe </td> <td>4 August 1060<a href="#cite_note-80">[xvi]</a> – 29 July 1108 (47 years, 11 months and 25 days) </td> <td>Son of Henry I </td> <td>1052 – 29 July 1108 (aged 56)<hr />Ruled under the regency of <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Kiev" title="Anne of Kiev">Anne of Kiev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_V,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Baldwin V, Count of Flanders">Count Baldwin V</a> until 1066<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison190Humphreys4''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-I-king-of-France_Philip_I]-81">[51]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_VI_of_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Louis_VI_of_France.jpg/110px-Louis_VI_of_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Louis_VI_of_France.jpg/165px-Louis_VI_of_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Louis_VI_of_France.jpg/220px-Louis_VI_of_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="574" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" title="Louis VI of France">Louis VI "the Fat"</a> </td> <td>29 July 1108<a href="#cite_note-82">[xvii]</a> – 1 August 1137 (29 years and 3 days) </td> <td>Son of Philip I </td> <td>1081 – 1 August 1137 (aged 56)<hr />His reign contributed to the centralization of royal power. First king to wage <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Wars" title="Anglo-French Wars">war against the English</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot29–32Humphreys5''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-VI_Louis_VI]-83">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#fac8c8"> </td> <td bgcolor="#fac8c8"><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_France_(1116%E2%80%931131)" title="Philip of France (1116–1131)">Philippe</a> (junior king)<a href="#cite_note-:1-76">[n]</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#fac8c8">14 April 1129 – 13 October 1131 (under Louis VI) </td> <td bgcolor="#fac8c8">Son of Louis VI </td> <td bgcolor="#fac8c8">29 August 1116 – 13 October 1131 (aged 15)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot29-84">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Louis_7.jpg/110px-Louis_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Louis_7.jpg/165px-Louis_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Louis_7.jpg/220px-Louis_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="574" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII "the Young"</a> </td> <td>1 August 1137<a href="#cite_note-85">[xviii]</a> – 18 September 1180 (43 years, 1 month and 17 days) </td> <td>Son of Louis VI </td> <td>1120 – 18 September 1180 (aged 60)<hr />Known for his rivalry with <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a> and his military campaigns during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">Second Crusade</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison190Humphreys6''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-VII_Louis_VII]-86">[54]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Sceau_de_Philippe_Auguste._-_Archives_Nationales_-_SC-D157.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Sceau_de_Philippe_Auguste._-_Archives_Nationales_-_SC-D157.jpg/110px-Sceau_de_Philippe_Auguste._-_Archives_Nationales_-_SC-D157.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Sceau_de_Philippe_Auguste._-_Archives_Nationales_-_SC-D157.jpg/165px-Sceau_de_Philippe_Auguste._-_Archives_Nationales_-_SC-D157.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Sceau_de_Philippe_Auguste._-_Archives_Nationales_-_SC-D157.jpg/220px-Sceau_de_Philippe_Auguste._-_Archives_Nationales_-_SC-D157.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="512" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II "Augustus"</a> Philippe Auguste </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_(Ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg/75px-Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg/113px-Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg/150px-Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="507" /></a> </td> <td>18 September 1180<a href="#cite_note-87">[xix]</a>– 14 July 1223 (42 years, 9 months and 26 days) </td> <td>Son of Louis VII </td> <td>21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223 (aged 57)<hr />Regarded as one of the greatest French rulers. First monarch to style himself as "King of France"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison190Humphreys8''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-II-king-of-France_Philip_II]-88">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Louis8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Louis8.jpg/110px-Louis8.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Louis8.jpg/165px-Louis8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Louis8.jpg/220px-Louis8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="325" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis VIII "the Lion"</a> </td> <td>14 July 1223<a href="#cite_note-89">[xx]</a>– 8 November 1226 (3 years, 3 months and 25 days) </td> <td>Son of Philip II </td> <td>5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226 (aged 39)<hr /><a href="/wiki/First_Barons%27_War" title="First Barons' War">Proclaimed king of England</a> in 1216, after which he led an unsuccessful invasion<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison190Humphreys10''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-VIII_Louis_VIII]-90">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Saintlouis_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Saintlouis_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Saintlouis_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Saintlouis_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Saintlouis_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Saintlouis_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Saintlouis_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="1234" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX "the Saint"</a> </td> <td>8 November 1226<a href="#cite_note-91">[xxi]</a>– 25 August 1270 (43 years, 9 months and 17 days) </td> <td>Son of Louis VIII </td> <td>25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270 (aged 56)<hr />Ruled under the regency of <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Castile" title="Blanche of Castile">Blanche of Castile</a> until 1234. Died during the <a href="/wiki/8th_Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Crusade">8th Crusade</a>; only king to be venerated by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison191Humphreys11''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-IX_Louis_IX]-92">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Coronation_Philip_III_02_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coronation_Philip_III_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Coronation_Philip_III_02_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coronation_Philip_III_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Coronation_Philip_III_02_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coronation_Philip_III_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Coronation_Philip_III_02_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="485" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III "the Bold"</a> Philippe </td> <td>25 August 1270<a href="#cite_note-93">[xxii]</a>– 5 October 1285 (15 years, 1 month and 10 days) </td> <td>Son of Louis IX </td> <td>3 April 1245 – 5 October 1285 (aged 40)<hr />Greatly expanded French influence in Europe. Died of a fever<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison191Humphreys12''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-III-king-of-France_Philip_III]-94">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_iv_and_family_2_(detail_crop2).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Philip_iv_and_family_2_%28detail_crop2%29.jpeg/110px-Philip_iv_and_family_2_%28detail_crop2%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="110" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Philip_iv_and_family_2_%28detail_crop2%29.jpeg/165px-Philip_iv_and_family_2_%28detail_crop2%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Philip_iv_and_family_2_%28detail_crop2%29.jpeg/220px-Philip_iv_and_family_2_%28detail_crop2%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="662" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV "the Fair"</a> Philippe </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%26_Navarre_(Ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%26_Navarre_%28Ancien%29.svg/75px-Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%26_Navarre_%28Ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%26_Navarre_%28Ancien%29.svg/113px-Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%26_Navarre_%28Ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%26_Navarre_%28Ancien%29.svg/150px-Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%26_Navarre_%28Ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="507" /></a> </td> <td>5 October 1285<a href="#cite_note-95">[xxiii]</a> – 29 November 1314 (29 years, 1 month and 24 days) </td> <td>Son of Philip III </td> <td>1268 – 29 November 1314 (aged 46)<hr /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">King of Navarre</a> (as Philip I) since 16 August 1284, following his marriage with <a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I</a>. Remembered for his <a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">struggle with the Roman papacy</a> and his consolidation of royal power, which helped to reduce the influence of feudal lords<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison191Humphreys14''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-IV-king-of-France_Philip_IV]-96">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ludv%C3%ADk_X.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ludv%C3%ADk_X.png/110px-Ludv%C3%ADk_X.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ludv%C3%ADk_X.png/165px-Ludv%C3%ADk_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ludv%C3%ADk_X.png/220px-Ludv%C3%ADk_X.png 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="554" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X "the Quarreller"</a> </td> <td>29 November 1314<a href="#cite_note-97">[xxiv]</a>– 5 June 1316 (1 year, 6 months and 7 days) </td> <td>Son of Philip IV </td> <td>3 October 1289 – 5 June 1316 (aged 26)<hr /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">King of Navarre</a> (as Louis I) since 2 April 1305. His short reign was marked by conflicts with the nobility<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarty330Humphreys15''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-IV-king-of-France_Philip_IV]-98">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:JeanIposthume.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/JeanIposthume.JPG/110px-JeanIposthume.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/JeanIposthume.JPG/165px-JeanIposthume.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/JeanIposthume.JPG/220px-JeanIposthume.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1516" data-file-height="1857" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_France" title="John I of France">John I "the Posthumous"</a> Jean </td> <td>15–19 November 1316 (4 days) </td> <td>Posthumous son of Louis X </td> <td>King for the <a href="/wiki/Child_mortality" title="Child mortality">four days he lived</a>; youngest and shortest undisputed monarch in French history<a href="#cite_note-102">[o]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Sacre_Philippe5_France_01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sacre_Philippe5_France_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Sacre_Philippe5_France_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sacre_Philippe5_France_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Sacre_Philippe5_France_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sacre_Philippe5_France_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Sacre_Philippe5_France_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="602" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip V "the Tall"</a> Philippe </td> <td>20 November 1316<a href="#cite_note-105">[xxv]</a>– 3 January 1322 (5 years, 1 month and 14 days) </td> <td>Son of Philip IV and uncle of John I </td> <td>1293/4 – 3 January 1322 (aged 28–29)<hr /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">King of Navarre</a> as Philip II. Died without a male heir<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison192Humphreys16''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-V-king-of-France_Philip_V]-106">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Charles4_mini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Charles4_mini.jpg/110px-Charles4_mini.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Charles4_mini.jpg/165px-Charles4_mini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Charles4_mini.jpg/220px-Charles4_mini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="492" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV "the Fair"</a> </td> <td>3 January 1322<a href="#cite_note-107">[xxvi]</a>– 1 February 1328 (6 years and 29 days) </td> <td>Son of Philip IV and younger brother of Philip V </td> <td>1294 – 1 February 1328 (aged 34)<hr /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">King of Navarre</a> as Charles I. Died without a male heir, ending the direct line of Capetians<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot85Humphreys17''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-IV-king-of-France_Charles_IV]-108">[66]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Valois_(1328–1589)">House of Valois (1328–1589)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: House of Valois (1328–1589)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a></div> The death of <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV</a> started the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a> and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a>, whose claim was taken up by the cadet branch known as the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a>, over control of the French throne. The Valois claimed the right to the succession by male-only <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a> through the ancient <a href="/wiki/Salic_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Salic Law">Salic Law</a>, having the closest all-male line of descent from a recent French king. They were descended from the third son of <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III</a>, Charles, Count of Valois. The Plantagenets based <a href="/wiki/English_claims_to_the_French_throne" title="English claims to the French throne">their claim</a> on being closer to a more recent French king, <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a> being a grandson of <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV</a> through his mother, <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella</a>. The two houses fought the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Hundred Years War">Hundred Years War</a> to enforce their claims. The Valois were ultimately successful, and French historiography counts their leaders as rightful kings. One Plantagenet, <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a>, enjoyed <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> control of the French throne following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Troyes" title="Treaty of Troyes">Treaty of Troyes</a>, which formed the basis for continued English claims to the throne of France until 1801. The Valois line ruled France until the line became extinct in 1589, in the backdrop of the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a>. As Navarre did not have a tradition of male-only primogeniture, the Navarrese monarchy became distinct from the French with <a href="/wiki/Joan_II_of_Navarre" title="Joan II of Navarre">Joan II</a>, a daughter of Louis X. <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="5%">Arms </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="18%">Succession </th> <th width="25%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Phil6france.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Phil6france.jpg/110px-Phil6france.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Phil6france.jpg/165px-Phil6france.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Phil6france.jpg/220px-Phil6france.jpg 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="404" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI "the Fortunate"</a> Philippe </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_(Ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg/75px-Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg/113px-Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg/150px-Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="507" /></a> </td> <td>1 April 1328<a href="#cite_note-109">[xxvii]</a> – 22 August 1350 (22 years, 4 months and 21 days) </td> <td>Son of <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Count_of_Valois" title="Charles, Count of Valois">Charles, Count of Valois</a>, grandson of <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III</a> and cousin of <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV</a> </td> <td>1293 – 22 August 1350 (aged 57)<hr />His reign was dominated by the consequences of <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_French_throne#The_succession_in_1328" title="Succession to the French throne">a succession dispute</a>, which led to the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot91–96Humphreys19''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-VI_Philip_VI]-110">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:JeanIIdFrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JeanIIdFrance.jpg/110px-JeanIIdFrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JeanIIdFrance.jpg/165px-JeanIIdFrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JeanIIdFrance.jpg/220px-JeanIIdFrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1979" data-file-height="3239" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John II "the Good"</a> Jean </td> <td>22 August 1350<a href="#cite_note-111">[xxviii]</a> – 8 April 1364 (13 years, 7 months and 17 days) </td> <td>Son of Philip VI </td> <td>April 1319<a href="#cite_note-112">[q]</a> – 8 April 1364 (aged 45)<hr />Captured by the English at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poitiers" title="Battle of Poitiers">Battle of Poitiers</a> (1356); forced to sign a series of humiliating treaties<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot96Humphreys19''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyJohn-II-king-of-France_John_II]-113">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_V_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Charles_V_France.jpg/110px-Charles_V_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Charles_V_France.jpg/165px-Charles_V_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Charles_V_France.jpg/220px-Charles_V_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1365" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V "the Wise"</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Charles_V_of_France_(counter-seal).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Arms_of_Charles_V_of_France_%28counter-seal%29.svg/80px-Arms_of_Charles_V_of_France_%28counter-seal%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Arms_of_Charles_V_of_France_%28counter-seal%29.svg/120px-Arms_of_Charles_V_of_France_%28counter-seal%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Arms_of_Charles_V_of_France_%28counter-seal%29.svg/160px-Arms_of_Charles_V_of_France_%28counter-seal%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="508" /></a> </td> <td>8 April 1364<a href="#cite_note-114">[xxix]</a>– 16 September 1380 (16 years, 5 months and 8 days) </td> <td>Son of John II; named <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a> on 16 July 1349 </td> <td>21 January 1337 – 16 September 1380 (aged 43)<hr />His reign was marked with internal struggle against feudal lords<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot105Humphreys20''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-I-king-of-France_Henry_I]-115">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_VI_de_France_-_Dialogues_de_Pierre_Salmon_-_Bib_de_Gen%C3%A8ve_MsFr165f4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Charles_VI_de_France_-_Dialogues_de_Pierre_Salmon_-_Bib_de_Gen%C3%A8ve_MsFr165f4.jpg/110px-Charles_VI_de_France_-_Dialogues_de_Pierre_Salmon_-_Bib_de_Gen%C3%A8ve_MsFr165f4.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Charles_VI_de_France_-_Dialogues_de_Pierre_Salmon_-_Bib_de_Gen%C3%A8ve_MsFr165f4.jpg/165px-Charles_VI_de_France_-_Dialogues_de_Pierre_Salmon_-_Bib_de_Gen%C3%A8ve_MsFr165f4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Charles_VI_de_France_-_Dialogues_de_Pierre_Salmon_-_Bib_de_Gen%C3%A8ve_MsFr165f4.jpg/220px-Charles_VI_de_France_-_Dialogues_de_Pierre_Salmon_-_Bib_de_Gen%C3%A8ve_MsFr165f4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="1048" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI "the Mad" "the Beloved"</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Charles_VI_of_France_(counter-seal).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arms_of_Charles_VI_of_France_%28counter-seal%29.svg/80px-Arms_of_Charles_VI_of_France_%28counter-seal%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arms_of_Charles_VI_of_France_%28counter-seal%29.svg/120px-Arms_of_Charles_VI_of_France_%28counter-seal%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arms_of_Charles_VI_of_France_%28counter-seal%29.svg/160px-Arms_of_Charles_VI_of_France_%28counter-seal%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="538" /></a> </td> <td>16 Sept 1380<a href="#cite_note-116">[xxx]</a>– 21 October 1422 (42 years, 1 month and 5 days) </td> <td>Son of Charles V </td> <td>3 December 1368 – 21 October 1422 (aged 53)<hr />Ruled under the regency of his uncles until 1388. Suffered a long period of mental illness before dying of natural causes<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot112Humphreys21''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-VI-king-of-France_Charles_VI]-117">[70]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_VI_of_England,_Shrewsbury_book.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Henry_VI_of_England%2C_Shrewsbury_book.jpg/110px-Henry_VI_of_England%2C_Shrewsbury_book.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Henry_VI_of_England%2C_Shrewsbury_book.jpg/165px-Henry_VI_of_England%2C_Shrewsbury_book.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Henry_VI_of_England%2C_Shrewsbury_book.jpg/220px-Henry_VI_of_England%2C_Shrewsbury_book.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="794" /></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a> (claimant) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Arms_of_England_(1470-1471).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Royal_Arms_of_England_%281470-1471%29.svg/80px-Royal_Arms_of_England_%281470-1471%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Royal_Arms_of_England_%281470-1471%29.svg/120px-Royal_Arms_of_England_%281470-1471%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Royal_Arms_of_England_%281470-1471%29.svg/160px-Royal_Arms_of_England_%281470-1471%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">21 October 1422<a href="#cite_note-118">[xxxi]</a>– 19 October 1453<a href="#cite_note-119">[r]</a> (disputed; 31 years) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">Maternal grandson of Charles VI, recognized as heir after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Troyes" title="Treaty of Troyes">Treaty of Troyes</a> of 21 May 1420 </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471 (aged 49)<hr /><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">King of England</a> since 1 September 1422. Ruled under <a href="/wiki/Regency_government,_1422%E2%80%931437" title="Regency government, 1422–1437">several regencies</a> until 1437<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry1993102–122Bradford2004621–625''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-VI-king-of-England_Henry_VI]-120">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:KarlVII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/KarlVII.jpg/110px-KarlVII.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/KarlVII.jpg/165px-KarlVII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/KarlVII.jpg/220px-KarlVII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3307" data-file-height="4025" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII "the Victorious" "the Well-Served"</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VII_of_France_(counterseal).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VII_of_France_%28counterseal%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VII_of_France_%28counterseal%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VII_of_France_%28counterseal%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VII_of_France_%28counterseal%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VII_of_France_%28counterseal%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VII_of_France_%28counterseal%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="586" /></a> </td> <td>21 October 1422<a href="#cite_note-121">[xxxii]</a> – 22 July 1461 (38 years, 9 months and 1 day) </td> <td>Son of Charles VI and uncle of Henry VI of England, named <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a> in April 1417 </td> <td>22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461 (aged 58)<hr />His reign saw the end of the Hundred Years' War<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot123Humphreys23''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyFrancis-I-king-of-France_Frances_I]-122">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XI_(1423-1483).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Louis_XI_%281423-1483%29.jpg/110px-Louis_XI_%281423-1483%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Louis_XI_%281423-1483%29.jpg/165px-Louis_XI_%281423-1483%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Louis_XI_%281423-1483%29.jpg/220px-Louis_XI_%281423-1483%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1575" data-file-height="2582" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI "the Prudent" "the Universal Spider"</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg/80px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg/120px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg/160px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="648" /></a> </td> <td>22 July 1461<a href="#cite_note-123">[xxxiii]</a> – 30 August 1483 (22 years, 1 month and 8 days) </td> <td>Son of Charles VII </td> <td>3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483 (aged 60)<hr />His reign saw the strengthening and expansion of royal power. Nicknamed "the Universal Spider" for the numerous intrigues during his rule<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot136Humphreys25''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XI_Louis_XI]-124">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_King_Charles_VIII_of_France_(1470%E2%80%931498),_by_anonymous_artist,_16th_century_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Portrait_of_King_Charles_VIII_of_France_%281470%E2%80%931498%29%2C_by_anonymous_artist%2C_16th_century_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Portrait_of_King_Charles_VIII_of_France_%281470%E2%80%931498%29%2C_by_anonymous_artist%2C_16th_century_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Portrait_of_King_Charles_VIII_of_France_%281470%E2%80%931498%29%2C_by_anonymous_artist%2C_16th_century_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Portrait_of_King_Charles_VIII_of_France_%281470%E2%80%931498%29%2C_by_anonymous_artist%2C_16th_century_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Portrait_of_King_Charles_VIII_of_France_%281470%E2%80%931498%29%2C_by_anonymous_artist%2C_16th_century_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_King_Charles_VIII_of_France_%281470%E2%80%931498%29%2C_by_anonymous_artist%2C_16th_century_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="1897" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII "the Affable"</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VIII_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VIII_of_France.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VIII_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VIII_of_France.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VIII_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VIII_of_France.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_VIII_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="648" /></a> </td> <td>30 August 1483<a href="#cite_note-125">[xxxiv]</a> – 7 April 1498 (14 years, 7 months and 8 days) </td> <td>Son of Louis XI </td> <td>30 June 1470 – 7 April 1498 (aged 27)<hr />Ruled under the regency of his sister <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_France" title="Anne of France">Anne</a> until 1491. Started the long and unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a>. Died after hitting his head on a <a href="/wiki/Lintel" title="Lintel">lintel</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot143Humphreys27Knecht2007125''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-VII_Charles_VII]-126">[74]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="House_of_Valois-Orléans_(1498–1515)">House of Valois-Orléans (1498–1515)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: House of Valois-Orléans (1498–1515)">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="5%">Arms </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="18%">Succession </th> <th width="25%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwig_XII._von_Frankreich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ludwig_XII._von_Frankreich.jpg/110px-Ludwig_XII._von_Frankreich.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ludwig_XII._von_Frankreich.jpg/165px-Ludwig_XII._von_Frankreich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ludwig_XII._von_Frankreich.jpg/220px-Ludwig_XII._von_Frankreich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1531" data-file-height="2000" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII "Father of the People"</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg/80px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg/120px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg/160px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="648" /></a> </td> <td>7 April 1498<a href="#cite_note-127">[xxxv]</a> – 1 January 1515 (16 years, 8 months and 25 days) </td> <td>Great-grandson of Charles V. Second cousin, and by first marriage son-in-law, of Louis XI </td> <td>27 June 1462 – 1 January 1515 (aged 52)<hr />Briefly conquered the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot150Humphreys28Knecht2007112''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XII_Louis_XII]-128">[75]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="House_of_Valois-Angoulême_(1515–1589)">House of Valois-Angoulême (1515–1589)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: House of Valois-Angoulême (1515–1589)">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="5%">Arms </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="18%">Succession </th> <th width="25%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg/110px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg/165px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg/220px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_Louvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2648" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I "the Father of Letters"</a> François </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_1515-1574.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_1515-1574.svg/80px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_1515-1574.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_1515-1574.svg/120px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_1515-1574.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_1515-1574.svg/160px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_1515-1574.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="734" /></a> </td> <td>1 January 1515<a href="#cite_note-129">[xxxvi]</a> – 31 March 1547 (32 years, 2 months and 30 days) </td> <td>Great-great-grandson of Charles V. First <a href="/wiki/Cousin_once_removed" class="mw-redirect" title="Cousin once removed">cousin once removed</a>, and by first marriage son-in-law, of Louis XII </td> <td>12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547 (aged 52)<hr />Remembered as a <a href="/wiki/French_Renaissance" title="French Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <a href="/wiki/Patron_of_the_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron of the arts">patron of the arts</a> and scholarship. Died of a fever<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot157Humphreys30Knecht2007112''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyFrancis-I-king-of-France_Francis_I]-130">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_II_of_France-Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_(altered).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Henry_II_of_France-Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_%28altered%29.jpg/110px-Henry_II_of_France-Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_%28altered%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Henry_II_of_France-Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_%28altered%29.jpg/165px-Henry_II_of_France-Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_%28altered%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Henry_II_of_France-Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_%28altered%29.jpg/220px-Henry_II_of_France-Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_%28altered%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1459" data-file-height="2000" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II</a> Henri </td> <td>31 March 1547<a href="#cite_note-131">[xxxvii]</a> – 10 July 1559 (12 years, 3 months and 10 days) </td> <td>Son of Francis I, named <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a> in August 1536 </td> <td>31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559 (aged 40)<hr />His reign saw the end of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a>. Died after being accidentally stabbed in a <a href="/wiki/Jousting" title="Jousting">Jousting</a> tournament<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot168Humphreys33''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-II-king-of-France_Henry_II]-132">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_du_roi_de_France_Fran%C3%A7ois_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Portrait_du_roi_de_France_Fran%C3%A7ois_II.jpg/110px-Portrait_du_roi_de_France_Fran%C3%A7ois_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Portrait_du_roi_de_France_Fran%C3%A7ois_II.jpg/165px-Portrait_du_roi_de_France_Fran%C3%A7ois_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Portrait_du_roi_de_France_Fran%C3%A7ois_II.jpg/220px-Portrait_du_roi_de_France_Fran%C3%A7ois_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3110" data-file-height="4225" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II</a> François </td> <td>10 July 1559<a href="#cite_note-133">[xxxviii]</a> – 5 December 1560 (1 year, 4 months and 25 days) </td> <td>Son of Henry II </td> <td>20 January 1544 – 5 December 1560 (aged 16)<hr /><a href="/wiki/King_consort_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="King consort of Scotland">King consort of Scotland</a> since 24 April 1558. A weak and sick boy, he remained under the regency of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Guise" title="House of Guise">House of Guise</a> until his premature death<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry1993103–122Humphreys35''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyFrancis-II-king-of-France_Francis_II]-134">[78]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_King_Charles_IX_of_France_(1550%E2%80%931574),_by_After_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Portrait_of_King_Charles_IX_of_France_%281550%E2%80%931574%29%2C_by_After_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet.jpg/110px-Portrait_of_King_Charles_IX_of_France_%281550%E2%80%931574%29%2C_by_After_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Portrait_of_King_Charles_IX_of_France_%281550%E2%80%931574%29%2C_by_After_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet.jpg/165px-Portrait_of_King_Charles_IX_of_France_%281550%E2%80%931574%29%2C_by_After_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Portrait_of_King_Charles_IX_of_France_%281550%E2%80%931574%29%2C_by_After_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_King_Charles_IX_of_France_%281550%E2%80%931574%29%2C_by_After_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1442" data-file-height="1968" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX</a> </td> <td>5 December 1560<a href="#cite_note-135">[xxxix]</a> – 30 May 1574 (13 years, 5 months and 25 days) </td> <td>Younger brother of Francis II </td> <td>27 June 1550 – 30 May 1574 (aged 23)<hr />Ruled under the regency of his mother <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine</a> until 1563, but remained under her influence until his death. The Wars of Religion began under his reign (1562). Best remembered for the <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Vassy" title="Massacre of Vassy">Massacre of Vassy</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot179Humphreys36''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-IX-king-of-France_Charles_IX]-136">[79]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Quesnel_Henry_III_of_France_in_Polish_hat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Quesnel_Henry_III_of_France_in_Polish_hat.jpg/110px-Quesnel_Henry_III_of_France_in_Polish_hat.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Quesnel_Henry_III_of_France_in_Polish_hat.jpg/165px-Quesnel_Henry_III_of_France_in_Polish_hat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Quesnel_Henry_III_of_France_in_Polish_hat.jpg/220px-Quesnel_Henry_III_of_France_in_Polish_hat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2194" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III</a> Henri </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:COA_-_Henry_III_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/COA_-_Henry_III_of_France.svg/80px-COA_-_Henry_III_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/COA_-_Henry_III_of_France.svg/120px-COA_-_Henry_III_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/COA_-_Henry_III_of_France.svg/160px-COA_-_Henry_III_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="819" /></a> </td> <td>30 May 1574<a href="#cite_note-137">[xl]</a> – 2 August 1589 (15 years, 2 months and 3 days) </td> <td>Younger brother of Francis II and Charles IX; also <a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Polish_monarchs" title="Family tree of Polish monarchs">related</a> to the Bohemian and Polish monarchies </td> <td>19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589 (aged 37)<hr />Initially ruler of <a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland–Lithuania">Poland–Lithuania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[s]</a> He reigned through the devastating <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">Wars of Religion</a>, which eventually led to his <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cl%C3%A9ment" title="Jacques Clément">own assassination</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot186Humphreys38''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-III-king-of-France-and-Poland_Henry_III]-142">[83]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Bourbon_(1589–1792)">House of Bourbon (1589–1792)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: House of Bourbon (1589–1792)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></div> The Valois line looked strong on the death of <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II</a>, who left four male heirs. His first son, <a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II</a>, died in his minority. His second son, <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX</a>, had no legitimate sons to inherit. Following the premature death of his fourth son <a href="/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Francis, Duke of Anjou">Hercule François</a> and the assassination of his third son, the childless <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III</a>, France was plunged into a succession crisis over which distant cousin of the king would inherit the throne. The best claimant, King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry III of Navarre">Henry III of Navarre</a>, was a Protestant, and thus unacceptable to much of the French nobility. Ultimately, after winning numerous battles in defence of his claim, Henry converted to Catholicism and was crowned as King Henry IV, founding the House of Bourbon. This marked the second time the thrones of Navarre and France were united under one monarch, as different inheritance laws had caused them to become separated during the events of the Hundred Years Wars. The House of Bourbon was overthrown during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and replaced by a short-lived <a href="/wiki/First_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Republic">republic</a>. <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="5%">Arms </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="18%">Succession </th> <th width="25%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Cardinal_Charles_de_Bourbon_(1523-1590).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Cardinal_Charles_de_Bourbon_%281523-1590%29.jpg/110px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Cardinal_Charles_de_Bourbon_%281523-1590%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Cardinal_Charles_de_Bourbon_%281523-1590%29.jpg/165px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Cardinal_Charles_de_Bourbon_%281523-1590%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Cardinal_Charles_de_Bourbon_%281523-1590%29.jpg/220px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Beauregard_-_Cardinal_Charles_de_Bourbon_%281523-1590%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="1024" /></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Cardinal_de_Bourbon_(born_1523)" title="Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon (born 1523)">Charles X</a> (claimant) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_de_Bourbon,_archbishop_of_Rouen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_de_Bourbon%2C_archbishop_of_Rouen.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_de_Bourbon%2C_archbishop_of_Rouen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_de_Bourbon%2C_archbishop_of_Rouen.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_de_Bourbon%2C_archbishop_of_Rouen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_de_Bourbon%2C_archbishop_of_Rouen.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_de_Bourbon%2C_archbishop_of_Rouen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="479" /></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">2 August 1589 – 9 May 1590 (disputed; 9 months and 7 days) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">7x great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a>. Proclaimed king by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(French)" title="Catholic League (French)">Catholic League</a> in opposition to <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry of Navarre">Henry of Navarre</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">22 December 1523 – 9 May 1590 (aged 66) <hr />Imprisoned by Henry III on 23 December 1588; remained his entire "reign" in captivity. Died of natural causes<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot203Wellman83;_''[[Treccani]]'',_[httpswwwtreccaniitenciclopediaborbone-carlo-cardinale-di_Enciclopedia-Italiana_Carlo]-143">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_IV_by_Pourbus_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Henry_IV_by_Pourbus_%28cropped%29.jpg/109px-Henry_IV_by_Pourbus_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Henry_IV_by_Pourbus_%28cropped%29.jpg/164px-Henry_IV_by_Pourbus_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Henry_IV_by_Pourbus_%28cropped%29.jpg/219px-Henry_IV_by_Pourbus_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="975" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV "the Great" "the Good King"</a> Henri </td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.svg/80px-Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.svg/120px-Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.svg/160px-Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%26_Navarre_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1190" data-file-height="1542" /></a> </td> <td>2 August 1589<a href="#cite_note-144">[xli]</a> – 14 May 1610 (20 years, 9 months and 12 days) </td> <td>10th-generation descendant of <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a>; also nephew of <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Cardinal_de_Bourbon_(born_1523)" title="Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon (born 1523)">Charles (X)</a> and by first marriage son-in-law of Henry II. Proclaimed king on Henry III's deathbed </td> <td>13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610 (aged 56) <hr /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">King of Lower Navarre</a> (as Henry III) since 10 June 1572. Killed in Paris on 14 May 1610 by Catholic fanatic <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ravaillac" title="François Ravaillac">François Ravaillac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot195Humphreys39''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-IV-king-of-France_Henry_IV]-145">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:LouisXIII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/LouisXIII.jpg/110px-LouisXIII.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/LouisXIII.jpg/165px-LouisXIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/LouisXIII.jpg/220px-LouisXIII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="1501" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII "the Just"</a> </td> <td>14 May 1610<a href="#cite_note-146">[xlii]</a> – 14 May 1643 (33 years) </td> <td>Son of Henry IV </td> <td>27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643 (aged 41) <hr />Last <a href="/wiki/King_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Navarre">King of Lower Navarre</a> (as Louis II).<a href="#cite_note-147">[t]</a> Died of natural causes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot205Humphreys42''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XIII_Louis_XIII]-148">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg/110px-Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg/165px-Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg/220px-Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1975" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV "the Great" "the Sun King"</a> </td> <td>14 May 1643<a href="#cite_note-149">[xliii]</a> – 1 September 1715 (72 years, 3 months and 18 days) </td> <td>Son of Louis XIII </td> <td>5 September 1638 – 1 September 1715 (aged 76) <hr />Ruled under the regency of his mother <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a> until 1651. <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-reigning_monarchs" title="List of longest-reigning monarchs">Longest reigning sovereign monarch</a> in history<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot216Humphreys43''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XIV_Louis_XIV]-150">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XV,_King_of_France_(1710-1774)_edited_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Louis_XV%2C_King_of_France_%281710-1774%29_edited_2.jpg/110px-Louis_XV%2C_King_of_France_%281710-1774%29_edited_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Louis_XV%2C_King_of_France_%281710-1774%29_edited_2.jpg/165px-Louis_XV%2C_King_of_France_%281710-1774%29_edited_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Louis_XV%2C_King_of_France_%281710-1774%29_edited_2.jpg/220px-Louis_XV%2C_King_of_France_%281710-1774%29_edited_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1834" data-file-height="2436" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV "the Beloved"</a> </td> <td>1 September 1715<a href="#cite_note-151">[xliv]</a> – 10 May 1774 (58 years, 8 months and 9 days) </td> <td>Great-grandson of Louis XIV </td> <td>15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774 (aged 64) <hr />Ruled under the regency of <a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe II, Duke of Bourbon-Orléans</a>, until 1723<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot238Humphreys47''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XV_Louis_XV]-152">[88]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet_-_Louis_XVI,_roi_de_France_et_de_Navarre_(1754-1793),_rev%C3%AAtu_du_grand_costume_royal_en_1779_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet_-_Louis_XVI%2C_roi_de_France_et_de_Navarre_%281754-1793%29%2C_rev%C3%AAtu_du_grand_costume_royal_en_1779_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/110px-Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet_-_Louis_XVI%2C_roi_de_France_et_de_Navarre_%281754-1793%29%2C_rev%C3%AAtu_du_grand_costume_royal_en_1779_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet_-_Louis_XVI%2C_roi_de_France_et_de_Navarre_%281754-1793%29%2C_rev%C3%AAtu_du_grand_costume_royal_en_1779_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/165px-Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet_-_Louis_XVI%2C_roi_de_France_et_de_Navarre_%281754-1793%29%2C_rev%C3%AAtu_du_grand_costume_royal_en_1779_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet_-_Louis_XVI%2C_roi_de_France_et_de_Navarre_%281754-1793%29%2C_rev%C3%AAtu_du_grand_costume_royal_en_1779_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet_-_Louis_XVI%2C_roi_de_France_et_de_Navarre_%281754-1793%29%2C_rev%C3%AAtu_du_grand_costume_royal_en_1779_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3592" data-file-height="5062" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> </td> <td>10 May 1774<a href="#cite_note-153">[xlv]</a> – 21 September 1792<a href="#cite_note-154">[u]</a> (18 years, 4 months and 11 days) </td> <td>Grandson of Louis XV </td> <td>23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793 (aged 38) <hr />Forced to install a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Cabinet_of_Louis_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Cabinet of Louis XVI">constitutional monarchy</a> after 1789. Formally deposed following the proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Louis_XVI" title="Execution of Louis XVI">executed in public</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot253Humphreys51''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XVI_Louis_XVI]-155">[89]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Charles_of_France5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Louis_Charles_of_France5.jpg/110px-Louis_Charles_of_France5.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Louis_Charles_of_France5.jpg/165px-Louis_Charles_of_France5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Louis_Charles_of_France5.jpg/220px-Louis_Charles_of_France5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="1304" /></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a> (claimant) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">21 January 1793 – 8 June 1795 (2 years, 4 months and 18 days; disputed) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">Son of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a>; named <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a> on 4 June 1789 </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">27 March 1785 – 8 June 1795 (aged 10) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_10_August_1792" title="Insurrection of 10 August 1792">Imprisoned</a> by the revolutionary forces on 13 August 1792. Remained his entire "reign" in captivity<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot260''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XVII_Louis_(XVII)]-156">[90]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Long_19th-century_(1792–1870)">Long 19th-century (1792–1870)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Long 19th-century (1792–1870)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_long_nineteenth_century" title="France in the long nineteenth century">France in the long nineteenth century</a></div> The period known as the "long nineteenth century" was a tumultuous time in French politics. The period is generally considered to have begun with the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, which deposed and then executed <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a>. Royalists continued to recognize his son, the putative king <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a>, as ruler of France. Louis was under arrest by the government of the Revolution and died in captivity having never ruled. The republican government went through several changes in form and constitution until France was declared an empire, following the ascension of the <a href="/wiki/First_Consul" class="mw-redirect" title="First Consul">First Consul</a> <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> as Emperor Napoleon I. Napoleon was overthrown twice following military defeats during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. After the Napoleonic period followed two different royal governments, the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a>, which was ruled successively by two younger brothers of Louis XVI, and the <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a>, ruled by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a>, a distant cousin who claimed descent from <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a>. The <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">French Revolution of 1848</a> brought an end to the monarchy again, instituting a brief <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a> that lasted four years, before its President declared himself Emperor <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>, who was deposed and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a>, and ending monarchic rule in France for good. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Bonaparte,_First_French_Empire_(1804–1814)">House of Bonaparte, First French Empire (1804–1814)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: House of Bonaparte, First French Empire (1804–1814)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="5%">Arms </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="18%">Succession </th> <th width="25%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg/110px-Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg/165px-Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg/220px-Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="2792" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_(1804-1815).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg/80px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg/120px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg/160px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2229" /></a> </td> <td>18 May 1804<a href="#cite_note-157">[xlvi]</a> – 2 April 1814<a href="#cite_note-159">[v]</a> (9 years, 10 months and 15 days) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">First Consul of the French Republic</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire" title="Coup of 18 Brumaire">coup d'etat</a> of 19 November 1799; self-proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_French" title="Emperor of the French">Emperor of the French</a> </td> <td>15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 (aged 51) <hr /><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_client_states" title="List of French client states">Conquered most of Europe</a> in a series of <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">successful wars</a>; remembered as one of the greatest military commanders in history. Deposed in absentia and forced to abdicate, then exiled to the island of <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot261''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyNapoleon-I_Napoleon_I]-160">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png/110px-Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png/165px-Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png/220px-Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="920" /></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoleon II</a> (claimant) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">4 – 6 April 1814 (2 days; disputed) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">Son of Napoleon I </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">20 March 1811 – 22 July 1832 (aged 21) <hr />Unrecognized by the Coalition and the Senate, only named emperor in Napoleon's will. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Bourbon,_First_Restoration_(1814–1815)">House of Bourbon, First Restoration (1814–1815)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: House of Bourbon, First Restoration (1814–1815)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/First_Restoration" title="First Restoration">First Restoration</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="5%">Arms </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="18%">Succession </th> <th width="25%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg/110px-G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg/165px-G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg/220px-G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="887" data-file-height="1280" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII "the Desired"</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_(1815-30)_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="961" /></a> </td> <td>3 May 1814<a href="#cite_note-161">[xlvii]</a> – 20 March 1815 (1st time; 10 months and 17 days) </td> <td>Younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a>; proclaimed king in June 1795. Had his dynasty restored to the throne with the help of other European royal houses, which had dethroned Napoleon </td> <td>17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 (aged 68) <hr />Fled France on 21 June 1791, during the <a href="/wiki/Flight_to_Varennes" title="Flight to Varennes">Flight to Varennes</a>, and again in March 1815, after the return of Napoleon<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot262''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XVIII_Louis_XVIII]-162">[93]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Bonaparte,_Hundred_Days_(1815)">House of Bonaparte, Hundred Days (1815)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: House of Bonaparte, Hundred Days (1815)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Hundred Days</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="5%">Arms </th> <th width="24%">Reign </th> <th width="18%">Succession </th> <th width="25%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg/110px-Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg/165px-Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg/220px-Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="2792" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_(1804-1815).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg/80px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg/120px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg/160px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2229" /></a> </td> <td>20 March – 22 June 1815 (94 days) </td> <td>Restored as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_French" title="Emperor of the French">Emperor of the French</a> by the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a> following his escape from the island of <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a> </td> <td>15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 (aged 51) <hr />Abdicated in favour of his son following his defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Battle of Waterloo</a>. Exiled to the island of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a>, where he later died of a stomach illness<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot261''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyNapoleon-I_Napoleon_I]-160">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png/110px-Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png/165px-Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png/220px-Portrait_of_Napol%C3%A9on_II_attributed_to_Johann_Peter_Krafft.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="920" /></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoleon II</a> (claimant) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">22 June – 7 July 1815 (15 days; disputed) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">Son of Napoleon I </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">20 March 1811 – 22 July 1832 (aged 21) <hr />Unrecognized by the Coalition; remained his entire "reign" hidden in <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a>, with his mother <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Marie Louise</a>. Died of tuberculosis several years later<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyNapoleon-Francois-Charles-Joseph-Bonaparte-Herzog-von-Reichstadt_Napoléon-François-Charles-Joseph_Bonaparte]-163">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[95]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Bourbon,_Second_Restoration_(1815–1830)">House of Bourbon, Second Restoration (1815–1830)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: House of Bourbon, Second Restoration (1815–1830)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration in France</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="5%">Arms </th> <th width="25%">Reign </th> <th width="17%">Succession </th> <th width="25%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg/110px-G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg/165px-G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg/220px-G%C3%A9rard_-_Louis_XVIII_of_France_in_Coronation_Robes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="887" data-file-height="1280" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII "the Desired"</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_(1815-30)_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/78px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/117px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg/156px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Bourbon_Restoration_%281815-30%29_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="961" /></a> </td> <td>8 July 1815 – 16 September 1824 (9 years, 2 months and 8 days) </td> <td>Younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a>; restored to the throne. </td> <td>17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824 (aged 68) <hr />Attempted to rule under a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>. Last French monarch to die while still reigning<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot262''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XVIII_Louis_XVIII]-162">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Carlos_X_de_Francia_(Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Carlos_X_de_Francia_%28Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard%29.jpg/110px-Carlos_X_de_Francia_%28Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Carlos_X_de_Francia_%28Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard%29.jpg/165px-Carlos_X_de_Francia_%28Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Carlos_X_de_Francia_%28Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard%29.jpg/220px-Carlos_X_de_Francia_%28Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2059" data-file-height="2952" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a> </td> <td>16 September 1824<a href="#cite_note-165">[xlviii]</a>– 2 August 1830 (5 years, 10 months and 17 days) </td> <td>Younger brother of Louis XVI and Louis XVIII </td> <td>9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836 (aged 79) <hr />Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalists</a>; attempted to return to the Ancient Regime. Abdicated in favour of his grandson Henry after the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-X_Charles_X]-166">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E6E6E6"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis-Antoine,_Duke_of_Angouleme_-_Lawrence_1825.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Louis-Antoine%2C_Duke_of_Angouleme_-_Lawrence_1825.jpg/109px-Louis-Antoine%2C_Duke_of_Angouleme_-_Lawrence_1825.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Louis-Antoine%2C_Duke_of_Angouleme_-_Lawrence_1825.jpg/164px-Louis-Antoine%2C_Duke_of_Angouleme_-_Lawrence_1825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Louis-Antoine%2C_Duke_of_Angouleme_-_Lawrence_1825.jpg/219px-Louis-Antoine%2C_Duke_of_Angouleme_-_Lawrence_1825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1359" data-file-height="2000" /></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E6E6E6"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIX">Louis XIX</a> (?) (claimant) </td> <td bgcolor="#E6E6E6">2 August 1830 (20 minutes; disputed) </td> <td bgcolor="#E6E6E6">Son of Charles X </td> <td bgcolor="#E6E6E6">6 August 1775 – 3 June 1844 (aged 68) <hr />Allegedly king for 20 minutes;<a href="#cite_note-169">[w]</a> later <a href="/wiki/Legitimist" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimist">legitimist</a> pretender to the throne.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastelot1988454Blanc1848214-170">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait,_The_Duke_of_Bordeaux,_Dubois-Drahonet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Portrait%2C_The_Duke_of_Bordeaux%2C_Dubois-Drahonet.jpg/109px-Portrait%2C_The_Duke_of_Bordeaux%2C_Dubois-Drahonet.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Portrait%2C_The_Duke_of_Bordeaux%2C_Dubois-Drahonet.jpg/164px-Portrait%2C_The_Duke_of_Bordeaux%2C_Dubois-Drahonet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Portrait%2C_The_Duke_of_Bordeaux%2C_Dubois-Drahonet.jpg/219px-Portrait%2C_The_Duke_of_Bordeaux%2C_Dubois-Drahonet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="683" /></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry V of France">Henry V</a> (claimant) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">2–9 August 1830 (7 days; disputed) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">Grandson of Charles X </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">29 September 1820 – 24 August 1883 (aged 62) <hr />Later <a href="/wiki/Legitimist" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimist">legitimist</a> pretender to the throne. Died in exile several years later<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenri-Dieudonne-dArtois-comte-de-Chambord-duc-de-Bordeaux_Henri_Dieudonné]-171">[100]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Bourbon-Orléans,_July_Monarchy_(1830–1848)">House of Bourbon-Orléans, July Monarchy (1830–1848)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: House of Bourbon-Orléans, July Monarchy (1830–1848)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Bourbon-Orléans">House of Bourbon-Orléans</a> and <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a></div> The Bourbon Restoration came to an end with the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a> of 1830 which deposed <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a> and replaced him with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a>, a distant cousin with more liberal politics. Charles X's son Louis signed a document renouncing his own right to the throne only after a 20-minute argument with his father. Because he was never crowned he is disputed as a genuine king of France. Louis's nephew Henry was likewise considered by some to be Henry V, but the new regime did not recognise his claim and he never ruled. Charles X named Louis Philippe as Lieutenant général du royaume, a regent to the young Henry V, and charged him to announce his desire to have his grandson succeed him to the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(France)" title="Chamber of Deputies (France)">Chamber of Deputies</a>, the lower house of the <a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">French Parliament</a> at the time, the French equivalent at the time of the UK House of Commons. Louis Philippe did not do this, in order to increase his own chances of succession. As a consequence, and because the French parliamentarians were aware of his liberal policies and of his popularity at the time with the French population, they proclaimed Louis Philippe as the new French king, displacing the senior branch of the House of Bourbon. <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="5%">Arms </th> <th width="25%">Reign </th> <th width="17%">Succession </th> <th width="25%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_(King_of_the_French)_by_Winterhalter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_%28King_of_the_French%29_by_Winterhalter.jpg/110px-1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_%28King_of_the_French%29_by_Winterhalter.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_%28King_of_the_French%29_by_Winterhalter.jpg/165px-1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_%28King_of_the_French%29_by_Winterhalter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_%28King_of_the_French%29_by_Winterhalter.jpg/220px-1841_portrait_painting_of_Louis_Philippe_I_%28King_of_the_French%29_by_Winterhalter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1940" data-file-height="3000" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I "the Citizen King"</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_July_Monarchy_(1830-31).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_July_Monarchy_%281830-31%29.svg/78px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_July_Monarchy_%281830-31%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_July_Monarchy_%281830-31%29.svg/117px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_July_Monarchy_%281830-31%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_July_Monarchy_%281830-31%29.svg/156px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_July_Monarchy_%281830-31%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="1339" /></a> </td> <td>9 August 1830<a href="#cite_note-172">[xlix]</a>– 24 February 1848 (17 years, 6 months and 15 days) </td> <td>Sixth-generation descendant of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a> and distant cousin of <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a>; proclaimed king by the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(France)" title="Chamber of Deputies (France)">Chamber of Deputies</a> after the abdication of Charles X during the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a> </td> <td>6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850 (aged 76) <hr />Styled as <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_French" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the French">King of the French</a>. Formally deposed following the proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Second French Republic">Second Republic</a>. Abdicated in favour of his grandson<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownell120''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-Philippe_Louis_Philippe]-173">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis-Philippe_II_when_he_was_a_child.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Louis-Philippe_II_when_he_was_a_child.jpg/110px-Louis-Philippe_II_when_he_was_a_child.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Louis-Philippe_II_when_he_was_a_child.jpg/165px-Louis-Philippe_II_when_he_was_a_child.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Louis-Philippe_II_when_he_was_a_child.jpg/220px-Louis-Philippe_II_when_he_was_a_child.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="599" /></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Philippe II">Louis Philippe II</a> (claimant) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">24–26 February 1848 (2 days; disputed) </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">Grandson of Louis-Philippe </td> <td bgcolor="#FBDDBD">24 August 1838 – 8 September 1894 (aged 56) <hr /> Chosen by Louis Philippe I to be his successor, however the National Assembly refused to recognize him as king and proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Second French Republic">Second Republic</a>. Later <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanist</a> pretender to the throne.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoloman2004184''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-Philippe_Louis_Philippe]-174">[102]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Bonaparte,_Second_French_Empire_(1852–1870)">House of Bonaparte, Second French Empire (1852–1870)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: House of Bonaparte, Second French Empire (1852–1870)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">French Second Republic</a> lasted from 1848 to 1852, when its president, <a href="/wiki/Charles-Louis-Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte">Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte</a>, was declared <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_French" title="Emperor of the French">Emperor of the French</a> under the regnal name of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>. He would later be overthrown during the events of the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a>, becoming the last monarch to rule France. <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">Name </th> <th width="5%">Arms </th> <th width="25%">Reign </th> <th width="17%">Succession </th> <th width="25%">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Napoleon_III,_Emperor_of_the_French,_in_Coronation_Robes_(by_After_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter)_-_Palace_of_Versailles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Portrait_of_Napoleon_III%2C_Emperor_of_the_French%2C_in_Coronation_Robes_%28by_After_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter%29_-_Palace_of_Versailles.jpg/110px-Portrait_of_Napoleon_III%2C_Emperor_of_the_French%2C_in_Coronation_Robes_%28by_After_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter%29_-_Palace_of_Versailles.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Portrait_of_Napoleon_III%2C_Emperor_of_the_French%2C_in_Coronation_Robes_%28by_After_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter%29_-_Palace_of_Versailles.jpg/165px-Portrait_of_Napoleon_III%2C_Emperor_of_the_French%2C_in_Coronation_Robes_%28by_After_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter%29_-_Palace_of_Versailles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Portrait_of_Napoleon_III%2C_Emperor_of_the_French%2C_in_Coronation_Robes_%28by_After_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter%29_-_Palace_of_Versailles.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Napoleon_III%2C_Emperor_of_the_French%2C_in_Coronation_Robes_%28by_After_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter%29_-_Palace_of_Versailles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1271" data-file-height="1941" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_Second_French_Empire_(1852%E2%80%931870).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coat_of_Arms_Second_French_Empire_%281852%E2%80%931870%29.svg/78px-Coat_of_Arms_Second_French_Empire_%281852%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coat_of_Arms_Second_French_Empire_%281852%E2%80%931870%29.svg/117px-Coat_of_Arms_Second_French_Empire_%281852%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coat_of_Arms_Second_French_Empire_%281852%E2%80%931870%29.svg/156px-Coat_of_Arms_Second_French_Empire_%281852%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1692" data-file-height="2073" /></a> </td> <td>2 December 1852<a href="#cite_note-175">[l]</a>– 4 September 1870 (17 years, 9 months and 2 days) </td> <td>Nephew of Napoleon I; <a href="/wiki/1848_French_presidential_election" title="1848 French presidential election">elected</a> as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the French Republic">President of the French Republic</a> in 1848, made himself <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_French" title="Emperor of the French">Emperor of the French</a> after a <a href="/wiki/1851_French_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1851 French coup d'état">coup d'état</a> </td> <td>20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873 (aged 64) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sedan" title="Battle of Sedan">Captured</a> by the German army on 2 September 1870; deposed in absentia following the proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyNapoleon-III-emperor-of-France_Napoleon_III]-176">[103]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_pretenders">Later pretenders</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Later pretenders">edit</a>]</div> Various <a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">pretenders</a> descended from the preceding monarchs have claimed to be the legitimate monarch of France, rejecting the claims of the president of France and of one another. These groups are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legitimists#List_of_Legitimist_claimants_to_the_French_throne" title="Legitimists">Legitimist claimants to the throne of France</a>: Descendants of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> through the senior branch of the House of Bourbon, claiming precedence over the House of Bourbon-Orléans by virtue of primogeniture. In 1883, these were split into two factions as <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henri V</a> died without heirs, and his successor as head of the House of Bourbon would have a Spanish Bourbon. Earlier, <a href="/wiki/King_Philip_V_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King Philip V of Spain">King Philip V of Spain</a> (also of the House of Bourbon) had earlier renounced the throne of France for himself and his descendants in the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Utrecht" title="Peace of Utrecht">Peace of Utrecht</a>. One faction were the Unionists, who recognized the Orléanist claimant <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris" title="Prince Philippe, Count of Paris">Philippe</a> as the pretender to the throne of France and disqualifying the Spanish branch from succession; the other were the <a href="/wiki/Blancs_d%27Espagne" title="Blancs d'Espagne">Blancs d'Espagne</a>, who insisted that claimant to the throne would remain to be from the Spanish branch according to primogeniture, disregarding the Spanish renunciation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_succession_to_the_former_French_throne_(Orl%C3%A9anist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of succession to the former French throne (Orléanist)">Orléanist claimants to the throne of France</a>: Descendants of Louis-Phillippe, himself descended from a junior line of the Bourbon dynasty, rejecting all heads of state since 1848. They argue that King Louis Philippe acquired legitimacy via <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a> when the representatives of the French people in the <a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">French Parliament</a> recognized him as king, with the Bourbons having already been rejected and dethroned by the French people after two revolutions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism#Bonapartist_claimants" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartist claimants to the throne of France</a>: Descendants of Napoleon I and his brothers, rejecting all heads of state 1815–48 and since 1870. They argue that the Imperial throne needs to return to the House of Bonaparte, as the monarchs of this house had been chosen directly by the people through referendums, giving them legitimacy to reign via <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a>, and both the Bourbons and the Orléans were rejected and dethroned through revolutions and that the Bonapartes were only dethroned due the interference of foreign enemies, with no popular revolution taking place to overthrow the Bonapartes and that the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a> was originally intended to be a provisional regime to return the throne to an Orléans or Bourbon (that never happened).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_claims_to_the_French_throne" title="English claims to the French throne">English claimants to the throne of France</a>: kings of England and later of Great Britain (renounced by <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">Hanoverian</a> King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> upon <a href="/wiki/Union_with_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Union with Ireland">union with Ireland</a> in 1800).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_succession" title="Jacobite succession">Jacobite claimants to the throne of France</a>: senior heirs-general of Edward III of England and thus his <a href="/wiki/English_claims_to_the_French_throne#The_Jacobite_pretenders" title="English claims to the French throne">claim to the French throne</a>, also claiming England, Scotland, and Ireland.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Timeline">edit</a>]</div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_n2zth0fct5l7dusb3ynigv0dox3bbn5"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" coords="1365,672,1445,692" title="House of Orléans" alt="House of Orléans" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" coords="1317,672,1403,692" title="House of Bonaparte" alt="House of Bonaparte" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" coords="1260,672,1335,692" title="House of Bourbon" alt="House of Bourbon" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" coords="980,672,1049,692" title="House of Valois" alt="House of Valois" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Capet" coords="620,672,684,692" title="Capet" alt="Capet" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Bosonid" coords="101,672,176,692" title="Bosonid" alt="Bosonid" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Robertian" coords="52,672,139,692" title="Robertian" alt="Robertian" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Carolingian" coords="-1,672,95,692" title="Carolingian" alt="Carolingian" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" coords="1438,657,1541,678" title="Napoleon III" alt="Napoleon III" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II" coords="1408,645,1538,666" 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coords="667,280,737,300" title="John I of France" alt="John I of France" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" coords="667,268,742,289" title="Louis X of France" alt="Louis X of France" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" coords="665,256,751,277" title="Philip IV of France" alt="Philip IV of France" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" coords="624,244,716,265" title="Philip III of France" alt="Philip III of France" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Louis_IX" coords="603,233,684,253" title="Louis IX" alt="Louis IX" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Louis_VIII" coords="542,221,634,241" title="Louis VIII" alt="Louis VIII" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Philip_II_Augustus" coords="538,209,674,230" title="Philip II Augustus" alt="Philip II Augustus" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Louis_VII" coords="478,197,564,218" title="Louis VII" alt="Louis VII" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" coords="418,185,499,206" title="Louis 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title="Rudolph of France" alt="Rudolph of France" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_France" coords="121,79,201,100" title="Robert I of France" alt="Robert I of France" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" coords="119,67,256,88" title="Charles the Simple" alt="Charles the Simple" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Odo_of_France" coords="86,56,189,76" title="Odo of France" alt="Odo of France" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" coords="72,44,192,64" title="Charles the Fat" alt="Charles the Fat" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Carloman_II" coords="67,32,164,53" title="Carloman II" alt="Carloman II" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Louis_III_of_France" coords="64,20,150,41" title="Louis III of France" alt="Louis III of France" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Louis_the_Stammerer" coords="60,8,201,29" title="Louis the Stammerer" alt="Louis the Stammerer" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" coords="57,-3,182,17" title="Charles the Bald" alt="Charles the Bald" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_n2zth0fct5l7dusb3ynigv0dox3bbn5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/n2zth0fct5l7dusb3ynigv0dox3bbn5.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs" title="Family tree of French monarchs">Family tree of French monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs_(simplified)" title="Family tree of French monarchs (simplified)">Family tree of French monarchs (simplified)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_claims_to_the_French_throne" title="English claims to the French throne">English claims to the French throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_laws_of_the_Kingdom_of_France" title="Fundamental laws of the Kingdom of France">Fundamental laws of the Kingdom of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_royal_consorts" title="List of French royal consorts">List of French royal consorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heirs_to_the_French_throne" title="List of heirs to the French throne">List of heirs to the French throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_France" title="List of presidents of France">List of presidents of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_French_sovereign" title="Style of the French sovereign">Style of the French sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_French_throne" title="Succession to the French throne">Succession to the French throne</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> are both enumerated as "Louis I" and "Charles I" in the lists of French and German monarchs. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Older scholars give his birth as 15 May,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarty328Peignotlvde_Wailly10-12">[10]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Ides_(calendar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ides (calendar)">ides</a> of May. However, ancient sources record his birth as 13 June, the ides of June.<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_the_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis II the German">Louis II the German</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> and king of <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> (Germany). Both French and German monarchs saw themselves as the successors of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, which is why many rulers share the same regnal name. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Scholars give his death as either 3,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison189de_Wailly10-22">[16]</a> 4,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlviii-23">[17]</a> or 10 August,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarty327-24">[18]</a> but ancient sources clearly indicates 5 August.<a href="#cite_note-25">[19]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Some modern sources give his death as "12 December", but this is a mistake.<a href="#cite_note-29">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[23]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a> was initially king of <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. Given that he was the third emperor with that name, he is also known as <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles III, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles III</a>. He must not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles the Simple</a>, who is also enumerated as <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles III of France">Charles III</a>. This discrepancy originates from the regnal number adopted by <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a>, the first French king to assume one.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunel200779-34">[25]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> This is the most accepted and cited date, although it is not entirely confirmed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean2003194-39">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-dbk-37">[27]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> In older sources his birth was dated to 832, but nowadays 839 is the accepted date.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean200384-41">[29]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Odo's death is universally given as 1 January, as given by a late 13th century chronicle,<a href="#cite_note-46">[32]</a> but the earliest source on the matter, from the early 11th century, records his death as 3 January.<a href="#cite_note-47">[33]</a> Another source, from the 13th century, records his death as 2 January.<a href="#cite_note-48">[34]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-nr-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nr_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nr_51-1">b</a> See main entry for references. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Some scholars give his death as 21 May, but contemporary sources give 22 May.<a href="#cite_note-64">[42]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> "Capet" (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>: Cappetus) was not actually a name, but a nickname adopted by later historians. It probably derived from chappe, an ecclesiastical mantle wore at the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Martin_of_Tours" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of Saint Martin of Tours">Abbey of Saint Martin of Tours</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodin184043-67">[44]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Hugh was also descendant of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>'s sons <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Pepin of Italy</a> through his mother and paternal grandmother, respectively, and was also a nephew of <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlcan1892254–261-71">[46]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_76-1">b</a> Because neither Hugh nor Philip were sole or senior king in their own lifetimes, they are not traditionally listed as kings of France and are not given ordinals. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> He lived from 15 to 19 November according to the continuator of <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Nangis" title="Guillaume de Nangis">Guillaume de Nangis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[61]</a> The Chronique Parisienne Anonyme de 1316 à 1339 gives 13 and 18 November.<a href="#cite_note-100">[62]</a> Modern sources often give his lifespan as 15–20 November.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphreys15''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyJohn-I-king-of-France_John_I]_("19/20_November")-101">[63]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 16 gives 6 January, the same date of Philip IV's coronation. This is a confusion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1995Vol_II,_[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidyFICDgAAQBAJpgPA376_p._376]-103">[64]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Sources give his birth date as 6, 16, 20 or 26 April. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> This is the date in which the last English holdout was expelled by the French, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Pale_of_Calais" title="Pale of Calais">Calais</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Henry III was elected on 15 May 1573.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht201656._"On_5_May_three_orators_were_chosen_[...]_On_11_May_the_minority_conceded_defeat_[but_the_election]_did_not_happen_till_15_May."-138">[80]</a> He was crowned on 21 February 1574,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht201676-139">[81]</a> but was declared deposed a year later, on 12 May 1575.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht201684-140">[82]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Lower_Navarre" title="Lower Navarre">Lower Navarre</a> was integrated into France during his reign. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Louis XVI's powers as king became obsolete following the <a href="/wiki/March_on_Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="March on Versailles">March on Versailles</a> on 5 October 1789, after which he became a hostage of the revolutionary forces. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9nat_conservateur" title="Sénat conservateur">Sénat</a> proclaimed the deposition in absentia of Napoleon on 2 April, which was followed by the <a href="/wiki/Corps_l%C3%A9gislatif" title="Corps législatif">Corps législatif</a> on 3 April. Napoleon wrote an act of abdication on 4 April renouncing the throne in favour of his son. However, this was not accepted by the Coalition, so he wrote an unconditional abdication on 6 April renouncing his rights and that of his family.<a href="#cite_note-158">[91]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> Although claimed as the shortest reigning monarch by the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>,<a href="#cite_note-167">[97]</a> this claim appears to be unsustained.<a href="#cite_note-168">[98]</a> The exact circumstances of his "abdication" are unknown, as it was announced in a document firmed by both Charles X and Louis, who is only called Dauphin. He is said to have been "king" between his father's signature and his own, as he (allegedly) initially refused to sign the document. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coronations">Coronations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Coronations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Charles II was crowned emperor on 25 December 875. For later Frankish and German emperors, see <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Louis II was crowned on 8 December 877.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1995Vol_1,_pp._110–123-17">[13]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Louis III and Carloman II were crowned on September 879.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1995137-20">[15]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Louis III and Carloman II were crowned on September 879.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1995137-20">[15]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Charles the Fat was most likely crowned on 20 May 885.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean2003126-36">[26]</a> He was already <a href="/wiki/King_of_East_Francia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of East Francia">king of East Francia</a> since 28 August 876. He was also crowned emperor on 12 February 881.<a href="#cite_note-dbk-37">[27]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Odo was crowned on 29 February 888 and then again on 13 November.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1995Vol_1,_pp._133–138-44">[31]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Charles III was crowned on 28 January 893, in opposition to Odo.<a href="#cite_note-nr-51">[j]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Robert I was crowned on 30 June 922.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChampion19769–11-54">[37]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Rudolph was crowned on 13 July 923.<a href="#cite_note-nr-51">[j]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Louis IV was crowned on 19 June 936, following a brief interregnum after the death of Rudolph. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Lothair was crowned on 12 November 954. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Louis V was crowned on 8 June 979. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Hugh was elected and crowned king on 1 June 987, in <a href="/wiki/Noyon" title="Noyon">Noyon</a>. He was crowned again on 3 July in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Reims" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Reims">archbishop of Reims</a>. The latter date is usually regarded as the "official" start of the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">Capetian dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHavet1891-69">[45]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Robert II was crowned on 30 December 987.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHavet1891-69">[45]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Henry I was crowned on 14 May 1027. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Philip I was crowned on 23 May 1059. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Louis VI was crowned on 3 August 1108. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Louis VII was crowned as a child on 25 October 1131, and again on 25 December 1137 alongside <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Philip II was crowned on 1 November 1179. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Louis VIII was crowned on 6 August 1223. </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Louis IX was crowned on 29 November 1226. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Philip III was crowned on 30 August 1271. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Philip IV was crowned on 6 January 1286. </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Louis X was crowned on 24 August 1315. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Philip V was crowned on 9 January 1317.<a href="#cite_note-104">[p]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Charles IV was crowned on 21 February 1322. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> Philip VI was crowned on 29 May 1328. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> John II was crowned on 26 September 1350. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Charles V was crowned on 19 May 1364. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Charles VI was crowned on 4 November 1380. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Henry (II) was crowned on 16 December 1431, at <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Charles VII was crowned on 17 July 1429. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Louis XI was crowned on 15 August 1461. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> Charles VIII was crowned on 30 May 1484. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Louis XII was crowned on 27 May 1498. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Francis I was crowned on 25 January 1515. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Henry II was crowned on 26 July 1547. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Francis II was crowned on 18 September 1559. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Charles IX was crowned on 15 May 1561. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Henry III was crowned on 13 February 1575. </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Henry IV was crowned on 27 February 1594. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> Louis XIII was crowned on 17 October 1610. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Louis XIV was crowned on 7 June 1654. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> Louis XV was crowned on 25 October 1722. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> Louis XVI was crowned on 11 June 1775. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> Napoleon I was <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="Coronation of Napoleon">crowned</a> on 2 December 1804. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> Louis XVIII decided not to have a coronation. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> Charles X was crowned on 29 May 1825, an unsuccessful attempt to revive the old monarchical traditions. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> Louis Philippe I decided not to have a coronation. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> A coronation ceremony for Napoleon III was planned, but <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affaire_du_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on_III" class="extiw" title="fr:Affaire du sacre de Napoléon III">never executed</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGuyotjeannin1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guyotjeannin, Olivier, ed. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dk7ts3LH6bMC&pg=PA241">Clovis chez les historiens</a> (in French). Librairie Droz. pp. 241ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782600055925" title="Special:BookSources/9782600055925"><bdi>9782600055925</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220316200103/https://books.google.com/books?id=dk7ts3LH6bMC&pg=PA241">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clovis+chez+les+historiens&rft.pages=241ff&rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9782600055925&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddk7ts3LH6bMC%26pg%3DPA241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSewell1876" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Missing_Sewell" title="Elizabeth Missing Sewell">Sewell, Elizabeth Missing</a> (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1pZJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA48">Popular History of France</a>. <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a>. pp. 48–49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+History+of+France&rft.pages=48-49&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Sewell&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+Missing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1pZJAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAguilera-Barchet2014" class="citation book cs1">Aguilera-Barchet, Bruno (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zUsIBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA182">A History of Western Public Law</a>. Springer. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319118031" title="Special:BookSources/9783319118031"><bdi>9783319118031</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314001454/https://books.google.com/books?id=zUsIBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA182">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Western+Public+Law&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9783319118031&rft.aulast=Aguilera-Barchet&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzUsIBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2008" class="citation book cs1">Potter, David (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HbfJX2Y1bBkC&pg=PR8">Renaissance France at War</a>. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. viii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843834052" title="Special:BookSources/9781843834052"><bdi>9781843834052</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+France+at+War&rft.pages=viii&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781843834052&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHbfJX2Y1bBkC%26pg%3DPR8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-deploige-5"><a href="#cite_ref-deploige_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeploigeDeneckere2006" class="citation book cs1">Deploige, Jeroen; Deneckere, Gita, eds. (2006). Mystifying the Monarch. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789053567678" title="Special:BookSources/9789053567678"><bdi>9789053567678</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mystifying+the+Monarch&rft.place=Amsterdam%2C+Netherlands&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9789053567678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPascal1853" class="citation book cs1">Pascal, Adrien (1853). Histoire de Napoléon III. Paris, France: Barbier. p. 359.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+Napol%C3%A9on+III&rft.place=Paris%2C+France&rft.pages=359&rft.pub=Barbier&rft.date=1853&rft.aulast=Pascal&rft.aufirst=Adrien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabcock1993" class="citation book cs1">Babcock, Philip (1993). Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged. MA, US: Merriam-Webster. p. 341.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+Third+New+International+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language%2C+Unabridged&rft.place=MA%2C+US&rft.pages=341&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Babcock&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1984" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Susan (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kingdomscommunit0000reyn/page/256/mode/2up">Kingdoms and communities in Western Europe, 900–1300</a>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 256–257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-821955-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-821955-2"><bdi>978-0-19-821955-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingdoms+and+communities+in+Western+Europe%2C+900%E2%80%931300&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=256-257&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-19-821955-2&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkingdomscommunit0000reyn%2Fpage%2F256%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScales2012" class="citation book cs1">Scales, Len (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-qICADV-G-EC&pg=PA159">The Shaping of German Identity: Authority and Crisis, 1245-1414</a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 155–182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521573337" title="Special:BookSources/9780521573337"><bdi>9780521573337</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220401152856/https://books.google.com/books?id=-qICADV-G-EC&pg=PA159">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shaping+of+German+Identity%3A+Authority+and+Crisis%2C+1245-1414&rft.pages=155-182&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780521573337&rft.aulast=Scales&rft.aufirst=Len&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-qICADV-G-EC%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarty328Peignotlvde_Wailly10-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarty328Peignotlvde_Wailly10_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 328; <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. lv; <a href="#CITEREFde_Wailly">de Wailly</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_5/#page/39/mode/1up">Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 824.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025701/https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_5/#page/39/mode/1up">Archived</a> 26 March 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Monumenta_Germaniae_Historica" title="Monumenta Germaniae Historica">MGH</a> V, 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlvde_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty328''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-II-Holy-Roman-emperor_Charles_II]-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignotlvde_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty328''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-II-Holy-Roman-emperor_Charles_II]_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. lv; <a href="#CITEREFde_Wailly">de Wailly</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 189; <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 328; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-II-Holy-Roman-emperor">Charles II</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1995Vol_1,_pp._110–123-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1995Vol_1,_pp._110–123_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJackson1995">Jackson 1995</a>, Vol 1, pp. 110–123. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlvde_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty328''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-II-king-of-France_Louis_II]-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignotlvde_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty328''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-II-king-of-France_Louis_II]_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. lv; <a href="#CITEREFde_Wailly">de Wailly</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 189; <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 328; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-II-king-of-France">Louis II</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1995137-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1995137_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1995137_20-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcKitterick1995">McKitterick 1995</a>, p. 137. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison189de_Wailly10-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThoison189de_Wailly10_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 189; <a href="#CITEREFde_Wailly">de Wailly</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlviii-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignotlviii_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. lviii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarty327-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarty327_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 327. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/annalesvedastini.html">Annales Vedastini 882</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225034146/http://thelatinlibrary.com/annalesvedastini.html">Archived</a> 25 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. "<a href="/wiki/Nones_(calendar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nones (calendar)">Nonis Augusti</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlviiiThoison189McCarty328Dutton1994227''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-III-king-of-France_Louis_III]-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignotlviiiThoison189McCarty328Dutton1994227''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-III-king-of-France_Louis_III]_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. lviii; <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 189; <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 328; <a href="#CITEREFDutton1994">Dutton 1994</a>, p. 227; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-III-king-of-France">Louis III</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Annales_Vedastini" title="Annales Vedastini">Annales Vedastini</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/annalesvedastini.html">884.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225034146/http://thelatinlibrary.com/annalesvedastini.html">Archived</a> 25 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "...he survived seven more days, and died in the same place... in December, about 18 years of age." </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k59033/f466.item">Obituaires de la province de Sens</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006014533/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k59033/f466.item">Archived</a> 6 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> I, p. 351. "<a href="/wiki/Ides_(calendar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ides (calendar)">VIII id.</a> [6 December]." </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_5/#page/40/mode/1up">Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 884.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025701/https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_5/#page/40/mode/1up">Archived</a> 26 March 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "<a href="/wiki/Nones_(calendar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nones (calendar)">Non. Decemb.</a> [5 December]". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlviiiThoison189Dutton1994227''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCarloman-king-of-France-died-884_Carloman]-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignotlviiiThoison189Dutton1994227''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCarloman-king-of-France-died-884_Carloman]_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. lviii; <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 189; <a href="#CITEREFDutton1994">Dutton 1994</a>, p. 227; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carloman-king-of-France-died-884">Carloman</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunel200779-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunel200779_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrunel2007">Brunel 2007</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean2003126-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLean2003126_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacLean2003">MacLean 2003</a>, p. 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-dbk-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dbk_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dbk_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchieffer1977" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schieffer, Theodor (1977), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118630938.html#ndbcontent">"Karl III"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_Biographie" title="Neue Deutsche Biographie">Neue Deutsche Biographie</a> (in German), vol. 11, pp. 181–184, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721145227/https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118630938.html#ndbcontent">archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2023, retrieved 21 July 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neue+Deutsche+Biographie&rft.atitle=Karl+III&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=181-184&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Schieffer&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutsche-biographie.de%2Fpnd118630938.html%23ndbcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean2003194-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLean2003194_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacLean2003">MacLean 2003</a>, p. 194. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLean200384-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLean200384_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacLean2003">MacLean 2003</a>, p. 84. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlvde_Wailly10McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-III-Holy-Roman-emperor_Charles_III]-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignotlvde_Wailly10McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-III-Holy-Roman-emperor_Charles_III]_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. lv; <a href="#CITEREFde_Wailly">de Wailly</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 329; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-III-Holy-Roman-emperor">Charles III</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1995Vol_1,_pp._133–138-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1995Vol_1,_pp._133–138_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJackson1995">Jackson 1995</a>, Vol 1, pp. 133–138. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_15_2/#page/1292/mode/1up">Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 899.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329212909/https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_15_2/#page/1292/mode/1up">Archived</a> 29 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Monumenta_Germaniae_Historica" title="Monumenta Germaniae Historica">MGH</a> V, 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_15_2/#page/1292/mode/1up">Annales Prumienses 898.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329212909/https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_15_2/#page/1292/mode/1up">Archived</a> 29 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Monumenta_Germaniae_Historica" title="Monumenta Germaniae Historica">MGH</a> XV(2), 1292. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k59033/f466.item">Obituaires de la province de Sens</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006014533/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k59033/f466.item">Archived</a> 6 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> I, p. 343. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlixde_Wailly10McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyEudes-king-of-Franks_Eudes]-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignotlixde_Wailly10McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyEudes-king-of-Franks_Eudes]_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. lix; <a href="#CITEREFde_Wailly">de Wailly</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 329; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eudes-king-of-Franks">Eudes</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlix–lxde_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-III-king-of-France_Charles_III]-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignotlix–lxde_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-III-king-of-France_Charles_III]_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, pp. lix–lx; <a href="#CITEREFde_Wailly">de Wailly</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 189; <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 329; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-III-king-of-France">Charles III</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChampion19769–11-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChampion19769–11_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChampion1976">Champion 1976</a>, pp. 9–11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxde_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyEudes-king-of-Franks_Eudes]-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxde_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyEudes-king-of-Franks_Eudes]_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. lx; <a href="#CITEREFde_Wailly">de Wailly</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 189; <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 329; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eudes-king-of-Franks">Eudes</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxide_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyRudolf-king-of-France_Rudolf]-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxide_Wailly10Thoison189McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyRudolf-king-of-France_Rudolf]_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. lxi; <a href="#CITEREFde_Wailly">de Wailly</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 189; <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 329; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-king-of-France">Rudolf</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxide_Wailly10McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-IV-king-of-France_Louis_IV]-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxide_Wailly10McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-IV-king-of-France_Louis_IV]_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. lxi; <a href="#CITEREFde_Wailly">de Wailly</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 329; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-IV-king-of-France">Louis IV</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxiide_Wailly10Thoison190McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLothar-king-of-France_Lothar]-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxiide_Wailly10Thoison190McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLothar-king-of-France_Lothar]_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. lxii; <a href="#CITEREFde_Wailly">de Wailly</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 190; <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 329; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lothar-king-of-France">Lothar</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicher1845" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Richerus" title="Richerus">Richer</a> (1845) [c. 995]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ObROYtrTZK0C&pg=PA147">Histoire de son temps</a> (in French). Vol. IV. J. Renouard. p. 147. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311211311/https://books.google.com/books?id=ObROYtrTZK0C&pg=PA147">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+son+temps&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=J.+Renouard&rft.date=1845&rft.au=Richer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DObROYtrTZK0C%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxii–lxiiide_Wailly10McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyhttpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-V_Louis_V]-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignotlxii–lxiiide_Wailly10McCarty329''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyhttpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-V_Louis_V]_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, pp. lxii–lxiii; <a href="#CITEREFde_Wailly">de Wailly</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 329; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-V">Louis V</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodin184043-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodin184043_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBodin1840">Bodin 1840</a>, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHavet1891-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHavet1891_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHavet1891_69-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHavet1891">Havet 1891</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlcan1892254–261-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlcan1892254–261_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlcan1892">Alcan 1892</a>, pp. 254–261. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot10–16Humphreys1''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHugh-Capet_Hugh]-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot10–16Humphreys1''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHugh-Capet_Hugh]_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, pp. 10–16; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 1; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hugh-Capet">Hugh</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot16–20Humphreys2''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyRobert-II-king-of-France_Robert_II]-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot16–20Humphreys2''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyRobert-II-king-of-France_Robert_II]_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, pp. 16–20; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 2; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-II-king-of-France">Robert II</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot17-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot17_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot20–22Humphreys3''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-I-king-of-France_Henry_I]-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot20–22Humphreys3''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-I-king-of-France_Henry_I]_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 20–22; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 3; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-I-king-of-France">Henry I</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison190Humphreys4''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-I-king-of-France_Philip_I]-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThoison190Humphreys4''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-I-king-of-France_Philip_I]_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 190; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 4; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-I-king-of-France">Philip I</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot29–32Humphreys5''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-VI_Louis_VI]-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot29–32Humphreys5''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-VI_Louis_VI]_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 29–32; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 5; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-VI">Louis VI</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot29-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot29_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison190Humphreys6''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-VII_Louis_VII]-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThoison190Humphreys6''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-VII_Louis_VII]_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 190; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 6; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-VII">Louis VII</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison190Humphreys8''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-II-king-of-France_Philip_II]-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThoison190Humphreys8''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-II-king-of-France_Philip_II]_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 190; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 8; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-II-king-of-France">Philip II</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison190Humphreys10''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-VIII_Louis_VIII]-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThoison190Humphreys10''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-VIII_Louis_VIII]_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 190; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-VIII">Louis VIII</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison191Humphreys11''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-IX_Louis_IX]-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThoison191Humphreys11''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-IX_Louis_IX]_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 191; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 11; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-IX">Louis IX</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison191Humphreys12''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-III-king-of-France_Philip_III]-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThoison191Humphreys12''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-III-king-of-France_Philip_III]_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 191; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 12; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-III-king-of-France">Philip III</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison191Humphreys14''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-IV-king-of-France_Philip_IV]-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThoison191Humphreys14''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-IV-king-of-France_Philip_IV]_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 191; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 14; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-IV-king-of-France">Philip IV</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarty330Humphreys15''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-IV-king-of-France_Philip_IV]-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarty330Humphreys15''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-IV-king-of-France_Philip_IV]_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcCarty">McCarty</a>, p. 330; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 15; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-IV-king-of-France">Philip IV</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Hercule Géraud (1843) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6545870g/f570.item">Chronique latine de Guillaume de Nangis, de 1113 à 1300</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240128041350/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6545870g/f570.item">Archived</a> 28 January 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. pp. 430–431. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Amedée Hellot (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5438578z/f31.item.texteImage">Chronique parisienne anonyme du XIVe siècle</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240229174924/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5438578z/f31.item.texteImage">Archived</a> 29 February 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphreys15''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyJohn-I-king-of-France_John_I]_("19/20_November")-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphreys15''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyJohn-I-king-of-France_John_I]_("19/20_November")_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 15; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-I-king-of-France">John I</a> ("19/20 November"). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1995Vol_II,_[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidyFICDgAAQBAJpgPA376_p._376]-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1995Vol_II,_[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidyFICDgAAQBAJpgPA376_p._376]_103-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJackson1995">Jackson 1995</a>, Vol II, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yFICDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA376">p. 376</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThoison192Humphreys16''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-V-king-of-France_Philip_V]-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThoison192Humphreys16''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-V-king-of-France_Philip_V]_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThoison">Thoison</a>, p. 192; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 16; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-V-king-of-France">Philip V</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot85Humphreys17''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-IV-king-of-France_Charles_IV]-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot85Humphreys17''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-IV-king-of-France_Charles_IV]_108-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 85; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 17; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-IV-king-of-France">Charles IV</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot91–96Humphreys19''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-VI_Philip_VI]-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot91–96Humphreys19''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyPhilip-VI_Philip_VI]_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, pp. 91–96; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 19; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-VI">Philip VI</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot96Humphreys19''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyJohn-II-king-of-France_John_II]-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot96Humphreys19''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyJohn-II-king-of-France_John_II]_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 96; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 19; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-II-king-of-France">John II</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot105Humphreys20''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-I-king-of-France_Henry_I]-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot105Humphreys20''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-I-king-of-France_Henry_I]_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 105; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 20; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-I-king-of-France">Henry I</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot112Humphreys21''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-VI-king-of-France_Charles_VI]-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot112Humphreys21''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-VI-king-of-France_Charles_VI]_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 112; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 21; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-VI-king-of-France">Charles VI</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry1993102–122Bradford2004621–625''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-VI-king-of-England_Henry_VI]-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry1993102–122Bradford2004621–625''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-VI-king-of-England_Henry_VI]_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCurry1993">Curry 1993</a>, pp. 102–122; <a href="#CITEREFBradford2004">Bradford 2004</a>, pp. 621–625; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VI-king-of-England">Henry VI</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot123Humphreys23''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyFrancis-I-king-of-France_Frances_I]-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot123Humphreys23''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyFrancis-I-king-of-France_Frances_I]_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 123; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 23; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-I-king-of-France">Frances I</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot136Humphreys25''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XI_Louis_XI]-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot136Humphreys25''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XI_Louis_XI]_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 136; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 25; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XI">Louis XI</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot143Humphreys27Knecht2007125''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-VII_Charles_VII]-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot143Humphreys27Knecht2007125''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-VII_Charles_VII]_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 143; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 27; <a href="#CITEREFKnecht2007">Knecht 2007</a>, p. 125; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-VII">Charles VII</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot150Humphreys28Knecht2007112''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XII_Louis_XII]-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot150Humphreys28Knecht2007112''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XII_Louis_XII]_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, pp. 150; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 28; <a href="#CITEREFKnecht2007">Knecht 2007</a>, p. 112; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XII">Louis XII</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot157Humphreys30Knecht2007112''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyFrancis-I-king-of-France_Francis_I]-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot157Humphreys30Knecht2007112''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyFrancis-I-king-of-France_Francis_I]_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 157; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 30; <a href="#CITEREFKnecht2007">Knecht 2007</a>, p. 112; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-I-king-of-France">Francis I</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot168Humphreys33''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-II-king-of-France_Henry_II]-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot168Humphreys33''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-II-king-of-France_Henry_II]_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 168; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 33; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-II-king-of-France">Henry II</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurry1993103–122Humphreys35''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyFrancis-II-king-of-France_Francis_II]-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurry1993103–122Humphreys35''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyFrancis-II-king-of-France_Francis_II]_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCurry1993">Curry 1993</a>, pp. 103–122; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 35; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-II-king-of-France">Francis II</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot179Humphreys36''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-IX-king-of-France_Charles_IX]-136"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot179Humphreys36''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-IX-king-of-France_Charles_IX]_136-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 179; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 36; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-IX-king-of-France">Charles IX</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht201656._"On_5_May_three_orators_were_chosen_[...]_On_11_May_the_minority_conceded_defeat_[but_the_election]_did_not_happen_till_15_May."-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht201656._"On_5_May_three_orators_were_chosen_[...]_On_11_May_the_minority_conceded_defeat_[but_the_election]_did_not_happen_till_15_May."_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKnecht2016">Knecht 2016</a>, p. 56. "On 5 May three orators were chosen [...] On 11 May the minority conceded defeat [but the election] did not happen till 15 May.". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht201676-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht201676_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKnecht2016">Knecht 2016</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnecht201684-140"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnecht201684_140-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKnecht2016">Knecht 2016</a>, p. 84. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot186Humphreys38''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-III-king-of-France-and-Poland_Henry_III]-142"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot186Humphreys38''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-III-king-of-France-and-Poland_Henry_III]_142-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 186; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 38; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-III-king-of-France-and-Poland">Henry III</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot203Wellman83;_''[[Treccani]]'',_[httpswwwtreccaniitenciclopediaborbone-carlo-cardinale-di_Enciclopedia-Italiana_Carlo]-143"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot203Wellman83;_''[[Treccani]]'',_[httpswwwtreccaniitenciclopediaborbone-carlo-cardinale-di_Enciclopedia-Italiana_Carlo]_143-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 203; <a href="#CITEREFWellman">Wellman</a>, p. 83; <a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Treccani</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/borbone-carlo-cardinale-di_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)">Carlo</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot195Humphreys39''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-IV-king-of-France_Henry_IV]-145"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot195Humphreys39''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenry-IV-king-of-France_Henry_IV]_145-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 195; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 39; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-IV-king-of-France">Henry IV</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot205Humphreys42''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XIII_Louis_XIII]-148"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot205Humphreys42''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XIII_Louis_XIII]_148-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 205; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 42; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XIII">Louis XIII</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot216Humphreys43''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XIV_Louis_XIV]-150"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot216Humphreys43''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XIV_Louis_XIV]_150-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 216; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 43; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XIV">Louis XIV</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot238Humphreys47''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XV_Louis_XV]-152"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot238Humphreys47''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XV_Louis_XV]_152-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 238; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 47; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XV">Louis XV</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot253Humphreys51''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XVI_Louis_XVI]-155"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot253Humphreys51''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XVI_Louis_XVI]_155-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 253; <a href="#CITEREFHumphreys">Humphreys</a>, p. 51; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XVI">Louis XVI</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeignot260''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XVII_Louis_(XVII)]-156"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeignot260''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-XVII_Louis_(XVII)]_156-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeignot">Peignot</a>, p. 260; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XVII">Louis (XVII)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVial2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vial, Charles-Éloi (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairn.info/revue-napoleonica-la-revue-2014-1-page-3.htm">"Les trois actes d'abdication de Napoléon Ier"</a>. Napoleonica la Revue (in French). 19 (1): 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Fnapo.141.0003">10.3917/napo.141.0003</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230702070435/https://www.cairn.info/revue-napoleonica-la-revue-2014-1-page-3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2023. 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Retrieved 9 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.archontology.org&rft.atitle=France%3A+Commission+of+Government%3A+1815+-+Archontology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archontology.org%2Fnations%2Ffrance%2Ffrance_state1%2F01_commission_govt_1815.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-X_Charles_X]-166"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyCharles-X_Charles_X]_166-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-X">Charles X</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/shortest-reign-of-a-monarch/">"Shortest reign of a monarch"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guinness+World+Records&rft.atitle=Shortest+reign+of+a+monarch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fworld-records%2Fshortest-reign-of-a-monarch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinoteau1982" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Pinoteau" title="Hervé Pinoteau">Pinoteau, Hervé</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JtZ_XZOxAnMC&pg=PA362">"Notes de vexillologie royale française"</a>. Hidalguía (172–173). Madrid: 361–362. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230919021926/https://books.google.com/books?id=JtZ_XZOxAnMC&pg=PA362">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hidalgu%C3%ADa&rft.atitle=Notes+de+vexillologie+royale+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.issue=172%E2%80%93173&rft.pages=361-362&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Pinoteau&rft.aufirst=Herv%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJtZ_XZOxAnMC%26pg%3DPA362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastelot1988454Blanc1848214-170"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastelot1988454Blanc1848214_170-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastelot1988">Castelot 1988</a>, p. 454; <a href="#CITEREFBlanc1848">Blanc 1848</a>, p. 214. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenri-Dieudonne-dArtois-comte-de-Chambord-duc-de-Bordeaux_Henri_Dieudonné]-171"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyHenri-Dieudonne-dArtois-comte-de-Chambord-duc-de-Bordeaux_Henri_Dieudonné]_171-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henri-Dieudonne-dArtois-comte-de-Chambord-duc-de-Bordeaux">Henri Dieudonné</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownell120''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-Philippe_Louis_Philippe]-173"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownell120''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-Philippe_Louis_Philippe]_173-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrownell">Brownell</a>, p. 120; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-Philippe">Louis Philippe</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoloman2004184''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-Philippe_Louis_Philippe]-174"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoloman2004184''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyLouis-Philippe_Louis_Philippe]_174-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoloman2004">Holoman 2004</a>, p. 184; <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-Philippe">Louis Philippe</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyNapoleon-III-emperor-of-France_Napoleon_III]-176"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''[httpswwwbritannicacombiographyNapoleon-III-emperor-of-France_Napoleon_III]_176-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEB">EB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Napoleon-III-emperor-of-France">Napoleon III</a>. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_bibliography">Main bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Main bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Wailly" class="citation book cs1">de Wailly, E. (1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_HhEAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA10">"Liste Chronologique des rois de France"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_HhEAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA10">Eléments de paléographie</a>. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Ghent_University" title="Ghent University">Ghent University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329204949/https://books.google.com/books?id=_HhEAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA10">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Liste+Chronologique+des+rois+de+France&rft.btitle=El%C3%A9ments+de+pal%C3%A9ographie&rft.place=Ghent+University&rft.date=1838&rft.aulast=de+Wailly&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_HhEAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Jacquin, Emmanuel (2000), Les Tuileries, Du Louvre à la Concorde, Editions du Patrimoine, Centres des Monuments Nationaux, Paris. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-85822-296-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-85822-296-4">978-2-85822-296-4</a>)</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFEB"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphreys" class="citation book cs1">Humphreys, A.L. (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kingsoffrancethe00unse">The Kings of France, their Wives and Mistresses</a>. London. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B004Z0M2K2">B004Z0M2K2</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1047511953">1047511953</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kings+of+France%2C+their+Wives+and+Mistresses&rft.place=London&rft.date=1907&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1047511953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB004Z0M2K2%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Humphreys&rft.aufirst=A.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkingsoffrancethe00unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarty" class="citation book cs1">McCarty, L. P. (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yXsZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA328">"France"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yXsZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA328">The Annual Statistician and Economist</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>: Pacific Press Publishing Company. pp. 327–332. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220325210221/https://books.google.com/books?id=yXsZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA328">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=France&rft.btitle=The+Annual+Statistician+and+Economist&rft.place=Harvard+University&rft.pages=327-332&rft.pub=Pacific+Press+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=McCarty&rft.aufirst=L.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyXsZAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeignot" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Peignot" title="Gabriel Peignot">Peignot, Gabriel</a> (1819). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wSpdAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR53">Abrégé de l'histoire de France</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326182345/https://books.google.com/books?id=wSpdAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR53">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abr%C3%A9g%C3%A9+de+l%27histoire+de+France&rft.place=Harvard+University&rft.date=1819&rft.aulast=Peignot&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwSpdAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPR53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThoison" class="citation book cs1">Thoison, E. (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k35126r/f197.item">"Table Chronologique"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k35126r/f197.item">Les séjours des rois de France: 481–1789</a>. Société historique et archéologique du Gâtinais. <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313032101/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k35126r/f197.item">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Table+Chronologique&rft.btitle=Les+s%C3%A9jours+des+rois+de+France%3A+481%E2%80%931789&rft.place=Biblioth%C3%A8que+nationale+de+France&rft.series=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+historique+et+arch%C3%A9ologique+du+G%C3%A2tinais&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Thoison&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k35126r%2Ff197.item&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_bibliography">Secondary bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Secondary bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlcan1892" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Alcan" title="Félix Alcan">Alcan, Félix</a> (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=549IAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA254">Revue historique</a> (in French). Vol. 40. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331174551/https://books.google.com/books?id=549IAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA254">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revue+historique&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Alcan&rft.aufirst=F%C3%A9lix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D549IAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlanc1848" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Blanc, Louis</a> (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fTs9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA214">France Under Louis Philippe</a>. Translated by Walter Kelly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313230523/https://books.google.com/books?id=fTs9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA214">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France+Under+Louis+Philippe&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Blanc&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfTs9AAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodin1840" class="citation book cs1">Bodin, Felix (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DORjJWVUHl0C&pg=PA43">Resumé de l'histoire de France</a>. London: Joseph Rickerby. p. 43. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313032036/https://books.google.com/books?id=DORjJWVUHl0C&pg=PA43">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resum%C3%A9+de+l%27histoire+de+France&rft.place=London&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Joseph+Rickerby&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Bodin&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDORjJWVUHl0C%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradford2004" class="citation book cs1">Bradford, James C. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ELDlCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT671">International Encyclopedia of Military History</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135950347" title="Special:BookSources/9781135950347"><bdi>9781135950347</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408124850/https://books.google.com/books?id=ELDlCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT671">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+Military+History&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781135950347&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DELDlCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownell" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard_Brownell" title="Henry Howard Brownell">Brownell, Henry</a> (1854). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tPZKAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA120">"The Rulers of France"</a>. The People's Book of Ancient and Modern History. Dayton & Wentworth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314001453/https://books.google.com/books?id=tPZKAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA120">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Rulers+of+France&rft.btitle=The+People%27s+Book+of+Ancient+and+Modern+History&rft.pub=Dayton+%26+Wentworth&rft.date=1854&rft.aulast=Brownell&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtPZKAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunel2007" class="citation journal cs1">Brunel, G. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23408518">"Les cisterciens et Charles V"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_l%27histoire_de_France" title="Société de l'histoire de France">Société de l'histoire de France</a>: 67–92. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23408518">23408518</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313005253/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23408518">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+de+l%27histoire+de+France&rft.atitle=Les+cisterciens+et+Charles+V&rft.pages=67-92&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23408518%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Brunel&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23408518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastelot1988" class="citation book cs1">Castelot, André (1988). Charles X. Librairie Académique Perrin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-262-00545-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-262-00545-1"><bdi>2-262-00545-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+X&rft.pub=Librairie+Acad%C3%A9mique+Perrin&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=2-262-00545-1&rft.aulast=Castelot&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurry1993" class="citation book cs1">Curry, Anne (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fkldDwAAQBAJ">The Hundred Years War</a>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781349227112" title="Special:BookSources/9781349227112"><bdi>9781349227112</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408125055/https://books.google.com/books?id=fkldDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hundred+Years+War&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9781349227112&rft.aulast=Curry&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfkldDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChampion1976" class="citation book cs1">Champion, Honoré (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3SBhAOKciTcC&pg=PA9">Robert Ier et Raoul de Bourgogne</a>. Slatkine. pp. 9–11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220325210218/https://books.google.com/books?id=3SBhAOKciTcC&pg=PA9">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Ier+et+Raoul+de+Bourgogne&rft.pages=9-11&rft.pub=Slatkine&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Champion&rft.aufirst=Honor%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3SBhAOKciTcC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDutton1994" class="citation book cs1">Dutton, Paul E. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UHQEP3oJDsoC&pg=PA227">The Politics of Dreaming in the Carolingian Empire</a>. University of Nebraska Press. p. 227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780803216532" title="Special:BookSources/9780803216532"><bdi>9780803216532</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326220751/https://books.google.com/books?id=UHQEP3oJDsoC&pg=PA227">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Dreaming+in+the+Carolingian+Empire&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780803216532&rft.aulast=Dutton&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUHQEP3oJDsoC%26pg%3DPA227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoloman2004" class="citation book cs1">Holoman, D. Kern (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qCvVwtB38XcC&pg=PA184">The Société Des Concerts Du Conservatoire, 1828–1967</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520236646" title="Special:BookSources/9780520236646"><bdi>9780520236646</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313230524/https://books.google.com/books?id=qCvVwtB38XcC&pg=PA184">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Des+Concerts+Du+Conservatoire%2C+1828%E2%80%931967&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780520236646&rft.aulast=Holoman&rft.aufirst=D.+Kern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqCvVwtB38XcC%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnecht2007" class="citation book cs1">Knecht, Robert (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JkqzOlVJVjcC">The Valois: Kings of France</a>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781852855222" title="Special:BookSources/9781852855222"><bdi>9781852855222</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Valois%3A+Kings+of+France&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781852855222&rft.aulast=Knecht&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJkqzOlVJVjcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnecht2016" class="citation book cs1">Knecht, Robert (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tS8HDAAAQBAJ">Hero or Tyrant? Henry III, King of France</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317122142" title="Special:BookSources/9781317122142"><bdi>9781317122142</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164809/https://books.google.com/books?id=tS8HDAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hero+or+Tyrant%3F+Henry+III%2C+King+of+France&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781317122142&rft.aulast=Knecht&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtS8HDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKitterick1995" class="citation book cs1">McKitterick, Rosamond (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEaSdNBL0sgC&pg=PA137">The New Cambridge Medieval History</a>. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521362924" title="Special:BookSources/9780521362924"><bdi>9780521362924</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723060527/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEaSdNBL0sgC&pg=PA137">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780521362924&rft.aulast=McKitterick&rft.aufirst=Rosamond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZEaSdNBL0sgC%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacLean2003" class="citation book cs1">MacLean, Simon (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Icl9qL3FnMC">Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139440295" title="Special:BookSources/9781139440295"><bdi>9781139440295</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+the+Fat+and+the+End+of+the+Carolingian+Empire&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781139440295&rft.aulast=MacLean&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Icl9qL3FnMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1995" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Richard A. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7VICDgAAQBAJ">Ordines Coronationis Franciae</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781512821604" title="Special:BookSources/9781512821604"><bdi>9781512821604</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1kgqwvd">j.ctt1kgqwvd</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164809/https://books.google.com/books?id=7VICDgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordines+Coronationis+Franciae&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1kgqwvd%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9781512821604&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7VICDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHavet1891" class="citation journal cs1">Havet, Julien (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k66949g/f2.item">"Les couronnements des rois Hugues et Robert"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Revue_historique" title="Revue historique">Revue historique</a>. 45: 290–297. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40939391">40939391</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313032052/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k66949g/f2.item">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+historique&rft.atitle=Les+couronnements+des+rois+Hugues+et+Robert&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=290-297&rft.date=1891&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40939391%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Havet&rft.aufirst=Julien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k66949g%2Ff2.item&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWellman" class="citation book cs1">Wellman, Kathleen (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_AtUPUB6znMC&pg=PA83">Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300178852" title="Special:BookSources/9780300178852"><bdi>9780300178852</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313194308/https://books.google.com/books?id=_AtUPUB6znMC&pg=PA83">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queens+and+Mistresses+of+Renaissance+France&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780300178852&rft.aulast=Wellman&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_AtUPUB6znMC%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllevy" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Allevy, Alcide (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SN4K1Lx9NBIC&pg=PA75">Histoire de France allevysée</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>. pp. 75–105. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326220746/https://books.google.com/books?id=SN4K1Lx9NBIC&pg=PA75">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+France+allevys%C3%A9e&rft.pages=75-105&rft.pub=British+Library&rft.date=1863&rft.aulast=Allevy&rft.aufirst=Alcide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSN4K1Lx9NBIC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabbitt1985" class="citation book cs1">Babbitt, Susan M. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JyALAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA39">The France of Charles V</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">APS</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871697516" title="Special:BookSources/9780871697516"><bdi>9780871697516</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+France+of+Charles+V&rft.pub=APS&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780871697516&rft.aulast=Babbitt&rft.aufirst=Susan+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJyALAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBak1990" class="citation book cs1">Bak, János M. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m6nsnzLRPlIC&pg=PA89">Coronations: Medieval and Early Modern Monarchic Ritual</a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801469138" title="Special:BookSources/9780801469138"><bdi>9780801469138</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313032044/https://books.google.com/books?id=m6nsnzLRPlIC&pg=PA89">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coronations%3A+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Monarchic+Ritual&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780801469138&rft.aulast=Bak&rft.aufirst=J%C3%A1nos+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm6nsnzLRPlIC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrougham1861" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Brougham,_1st_Baron_Brougham_and_Vaux" title="Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux">Brougham, Henry</a> (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-V8BAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA395">Principles of Government: Monarchical government</a>. Political Philosophy. <a href="/wiki/Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard">Harvard</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Bohn" title="Henry George Bohn">Bohn</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313032055/https://books.google.com/books?id=-V8BAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA395">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022. 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Paris. pp. xvi–xvii. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313032151/https://books.google.com/books?id=DjUvEyqZXWMC&pg=PR16">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armorial+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+de+la+France&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=xvi-xvii&rft.date=1738&rft.aulast=d%27Hozier&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDjUvEyqZXWMC%26pg%3DPR16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyle2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Doyle_(historian)" title="William Doyle (historian)">Doyle, William</a>, ed. (2001). Old Regime France. Short Oxford History of France. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-873129-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-873129-9"><bdi>0-19-873129-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Regime+France&rft.series=Short+Oxford+History+of+France&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-873129-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngrand" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Engrand, H. (1816). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QWZZAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA36">Leçons élémentaires sur l'Histoire de France</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329112822/https://books.google.com/books?id=QWZZAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA36">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le%C3%A7ons+%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaires+sur+l%27Histoire+de+France&rft.pub=British+Library&rft.date=1816&rft.aulast=Engrand&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQWZZAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+French+monarchs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFierro1996" class="citation book cs1">Fierro, Alfred (1996). Histoire et dictionnaire de Paris. 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href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_France" title="Template:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_France" title="Template talk:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Monarchs of France</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs" title="Family tree of French monarchs">Detailed family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs_(simple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Family tree of French monarchs (simple)">Simplified family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Frankish_kings" title="List of Frankish kings">List of Frankish kings</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">List of French monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingians</a> (509–751)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_I" title="Childebert I">Childebert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_I" title="Chlothar I">Chlothar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charibert_I" title="Charibert I">Charibert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntram" title="Guntram">Guntram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilperic_I" title="Chilperic I">Chilperic I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigebert_I" title="Sigebert I">Sigebert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_II" title="Childebert II">Childebert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_II" title="Chlothar II">Chlothar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_I" title="Dagobert I">Dagobert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigebert_II" title="Sigebert II">Sigebert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_II" title="Clovis II">Clovis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_III" title="Chlothar III">Chlothar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childeric_II" title="Childeric II">Childeric II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theuderic_III" title="Theuderic III">Theuderic III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_IV" title="Clovis IV">Clovis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_III" title="Childebert III">Childebert III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_III" title="Dagobert III">Dagobert III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilperic_II" title="Chilperic II">Chilperic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_IV" title="Chlothar IV">Chlothar IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theuderic_IV" title="Theuderic IV">Theuderic IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childeric_III" title="Childeric III">Childeric III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robertians" title="Robertians">Robertians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a> (751–987)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin the Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> (Charles I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Stammerer" title="Louis the Stammerer">Louis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_III_of_France" title="Louis III of France">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_II" title="Carloman II">Carloman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_France" title="Odo of France">Odo</a>R</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_France" title="Robert I of France">Robert I</a>R</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_of_France" title="Rudolph of France">Rudolph</a>B</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV_of_France" title="Louis IV of France">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_of_France" title="Lothair of France">Lothair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_V_of_France" title="Louis V of France">Louis V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a> (987–1328)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Capet" title="Hugh Capet">Hugh Capet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_II_of_France" title="Robert II of France">Robert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_France" title="Henry I of France">Henry I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" title="Louis VI of France">Louis VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_France" title="John I of France">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a> (1328–1589)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a> (1422–1453)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1589–1792)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1804–1814; 1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoleon II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1814–1815; 1815–1830)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Louis XIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henry V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a> (1830–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris" title="Prince Philippe, Count of Paris">Louis Philippe II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1852–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&oldid=1253853690">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_monarchs&oldid=1253853690</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_monarchs" 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