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accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principale</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:UltimeModifiche" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche del sito [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ultime modifiche</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PaginaCasuale" title="Mostra una pagina a caso [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una voce a caso</span></a></li><li id="n-nearby-pages-title" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:NelleVicinanze"><span>Nelle vicinanze</span></a></li><li id="n-vetrina" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vetrina"><span>Vetrina</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Aiuto" title="Pagine di aiuto"><span>Aiuto</span></a></li><li id="n-Sportello-informazioni" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Sportello_informazioni"><span>Sportello informazioni</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Archaea" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Archaea" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Archaea" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Archaea" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evoluzione_e_classificazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evoluzione_e_classificazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Evoluzione e classificazione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evoluzione_e_classificazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caratteristiche_degli_archei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caratteristiche_degli_archei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Caratteristiche degli archei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caratteristiche_degli_archei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Archaea</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 124 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-124" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">124 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeen" title="Archaeen - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Archaeen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81" title="पूर्वजीवाणु - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पूर्वजीवाणु" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82" title="عتائق - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عتائق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82" title="عتائق - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عتائق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="আৰ্কিয়া - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আৰ্কিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxeyl%C9%99r" title="Arxeylər - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arxeylər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="آرکیا - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آرکیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B9%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Архейҙар - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Архейҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkiej%C4%97s" title="Arkiejės - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Arkiejės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%96" title="Археі - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Археі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%96" title="Археі - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Археі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Археи - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Археи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="আর্কিয়া - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর্কিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueus" title="Arqueus - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arqueus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کۆنەکان - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆنەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archea" title="Archea - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Archea" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%C3%A6er" title="Arkæer - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arkæer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeen" title="Archaeen - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Archaeen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αρχαία - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχαία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%A5eoj" title="Arĥeoj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arĥeoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhed" title="Arhed - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arhed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="باستانیان - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باستانیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeonit" title="Arkeonit - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arkeonit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheq" title="Arheq - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Arheq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uurbakteerien" title="Uurbakteerien - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Uurbakteerien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airc%C3%A9igh" title="Aircéigh - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aircéigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueas" title="Arqueas - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arqueas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ארכאונים - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארכאונים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="प्राच्य - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्राच्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheje" title="Arheje - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arheje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akeyo" title="Akeyo - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Akeyo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arche%C3%A1k" title="Archeák - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Archeák" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Արքեաներ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արքեաներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeo" title="Archeo - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Archeo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkea" title="Arkea - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arkea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrnur" title="Fyrnur - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fyrnur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C" title="古細菌 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="古細菌" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aakyea" title="Aakyea - creolo giamaicano" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aakyea" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="creolo giamaicano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="არქეები - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არქეები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Архебактериялар - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Архебактериялар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF" title="ಆರ್ಕೀಯ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ಕೀಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%84%B8%EA%B7%A0" title="고세균 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고세균" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AEkrop" title="Mîkrop - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mîkrop" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archae%C3%ABn" title="Archaeën - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Archaeën" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Археяр - lesgo" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Археяр" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcea" title="Arcea - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arcea" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archea" title="Archea - ladino" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Archea" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C4%97ja" title="Archėja - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Archėja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheji" title="Arheji - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arheji" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Археи - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Археи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF" title="ആർക്കീയ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആർക്കീയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2" title="ओरिएंटल - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओरिएंटल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkea" title="Arkea - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Arkea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="အာခီးယာ - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာခီးယာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - napoletano" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoletano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeen" title="Archaeen - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Archaeen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="आर्केया - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आर्केया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkar" title="Arkar - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Arkar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkebakterier" title="Arkebakterier - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arkebakterier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkiyaa" title="Arkiyaa - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Arkiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਆਰਕੀਆ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਰਕੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeony" title="Archeony - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Archeony" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ارکیا - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ارکیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91awpa_a%C3%B1aki" title="Ñawpa añaki - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ñawpa añaki" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhee" title="Arhee - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arhee" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Археи - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Археи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Архейдар - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Архейдар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A7" title="آرڪيئا - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آرڪيئا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheja" title="Arheja - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arheja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="ආකියා - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආකියා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arche%C3%B3ny" title="Archeóny - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Archeóny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheje" title="Arheje - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arheje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeat" title="Arkeat - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arkeat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Археје - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Археје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%C3%A9er" title="Arkéer - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arkéer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="ஆர்க்கீயா - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆர்க்கீயா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="ఆర్కియా - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆర్కియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Бостониён - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бостониён" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อาร์เคีย - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาร์เคีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeya" title="Arkeya - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Arkeya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkea" title="Arkea - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arkea" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Архейләр - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Архейләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%97" title="Археї - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Археї" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB%DB%8C%D9%85" title="قدیم جراثیم - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قدیم جراثیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxeylar" title="Arxeylar - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arxeylar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%95_khu%E1%BA%A9n" title="Cổ khuẩn - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cổ khuẩn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Archaea" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8F%8C" title="古菌 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="古菌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="ארכעען - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ארכעען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8F%8C" title="古菌 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古菌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3%CD%98-s%C3%A8-kh%C3%BAn" title="Kó͘-sè-khún - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kó͘-sè-khún" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8F%8C" title="古菌 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="古菌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INgunazana" title="INgunazana - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INgunazana" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10872#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Archaea" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Archaea"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Archaea"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Archaea" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Archaea" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&oldid=143798529" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Archaea&id=143798529&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArchaea"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArchaea"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Archaea"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Archaea&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Archaea" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Archaea" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10872" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niente fonti!"><img alt="Niente fonti!" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento microbiologia <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">non cita le fonti necessarie</a> o quelle presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Microbiologia" title="Progetto:Microbiologia">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r143074810">.mw-parser-output .sinottico{background-color:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;border-spacing:0;clear:right;float:right;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em;margin:0 0 1em 1.5em;width:280px}.mw-parser-output .sinottico caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child),.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child){background-color:#f3f3f3;border-right:1px solid #e5e5e8;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr:not(:last-child)>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr:not(:last-child)>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th{border-bottom:1px solid #e0e0e0}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child),.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child){padding:.25em .4em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td>hr:only-child{margin:0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico ul{margin:0 0 0 1em;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata{border-spacing:0;margin:0 -.4em;width:calc(100% + calc(.4em*2))}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child{margin-bottom:-.2em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>th{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione+.sinottico_divisione>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata+.sinottico_divisione>th{border-top:2px solid #f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione th{background-color:#eeeeee;padding:.15em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede{text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#EFEFEF}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede2{background-color:white;font-size:xx-small;padding-bottom:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_sottotitolo{font-size:80%}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata th{background-color:#dedede;font-size:116%;padding:.2em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testo_centrale{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto" style="width:230px"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background-color: darkgray; color: black;"><div class="noprint" style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:70%;"><figure class="mw-default-size noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Come leggere il tassobox"><img alt="Come leggere il tassobox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/16px-Information-silk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/24px-Information-silk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/32px-Information-silk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" usemap="#ImageMap_37fb70b5d7ceee19" /></span><map name="ImageMap_37fb70b5d7ceee19"><area href="/wiki/Progetto:Forme_di_vita/Come_leggere_il_tassobox" shape="rect" coords="0,0,50,50" alt="Progetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox" title="Progetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox" /></map><figcaption>Come leggere il tassobox</figcaption></figure></div>Archea</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Halobacteria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg/220px-Halobacteria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="251" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halobacterium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halobacterium (la pagina non esiste)">Halobacterium</a></td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color: darkgray; color: black;">Intervallo geologico</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; padding-bottom:2px;"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Paleoarcheano" title="Paleoarcheano">Paleoarcheano</a> (3500 Ma) - <a href="/wiki/Olocene" title="Olocene">recente</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:208.07692307692px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,214,123); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambriano" title="Precambriano">PreЄ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,170,114); left:36.892307692308px; width:18.818461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambriano" title="Cambriano">Є</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,169,138); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordoviciano" title="Ordoviciano">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(166,223,197); left:69.926153846154px; width:8.1907692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Siluriano" title="Siluriano">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(221,150,81); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devoniano" title="Devoniano">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(63,174,173); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carbonifero" title="Carbonifero">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,88,60); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.816307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Permiano" title="Permiano">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(153,78,150); left:134.65015384615px; width:17.217538461538px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassico" title="Triassico">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,187,231); left:151.86769230769px; width:19.055384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Giurassico" title="Giurassico">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(111,200,107); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretacico" title="Cretacico">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,161,99); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene"><small>Pg</small></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,221,45); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene"><small>N</small></a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:0px; width:220px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:0px; width:220px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:1px; width:218px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></div> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color: darkgray; color: black;"><a href="/wiki/Classificazione_scientifica" title="Classificazione scientifica">Classificazione scientifica</a></th></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Dominio_(biologia)" title="Dominio (biologia)">Dominio</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Prokaryota" title="Prokaryota">Prokaryota</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal; width:50%"><a href="/wiki/Regno_(biologia)" title="Regno (biologia)">Regno</a></th><td><b>Archaea</b> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color: darkgray; color: black;">Phylum e Classi</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="text-align:left"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crenarchaeota" title="Crenarchaeota">Crenarchaeota</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermoprotei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermoprotei (la pagina non esiste)">Thermoprotei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euryarchaeota" title="Euryarchaeota">Euryarchaeota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoglobi" title="Archaeoglobi">Archaeoglobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halobacteria" title="Halobacteria">Halobacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methanobacteria" title="Methanobacteria">Methanobacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methanococci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methanococci (la pagina non esiste)">Methanococci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methanomicrobia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methanomicrobia (la pagina non esiste)">Methanomicrobia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methanopyri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methanopyri (la pagina non esiste)">Methanopyri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methanosarcinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methanosarcinae (la pagina non esiste)">Methanosarcinae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermococci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermococci (la pagina non esiste)">Thermococci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermoplasmata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermoplasmata (la pagina non esiste)">Thermoplasmata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korarchaeota" title="Korarchaeota">Korarchaeota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanoarchaeota" title="Nanoarchaeota">Nanoarchaeota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thaumarchaeota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thaumarchaeota (la pagina non esiste)">Thaumarchaeota</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Gli <b>archèi</b> o <b>archeobatteri</b>, nome scientifico <b>Archaea</b> (dal <a href="/wiki/Greco_antico" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco antico">greco antico</a> ἀρχαῖα, cioè antico) o <b>Archaeobacteria</b> che significa "batteri antichi", sono una suddivisione sistematica della vita <a href="/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula">cellulare</a>. Possono considerarsi <a href="/wiki/Regno_(biologia)" title="Regno (biologia)">regno</a> o <a href="/wiki/Dominio_(biologia)" title="Dominio (biologia)">dominio</a> a seconda degli schemi classificativi, ma mostrano strutture biochimiche tali da considerarsi un ramo basilare, presto distaccatosi dalle altre forme dei viventi<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Nonostante il nome attribuito a questo taxon, gli archea non sono i procarioti più antichi mai apparsi sulla Terra, ma sono stati preceduti dagli <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">eubatteri</a>.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili."></span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">senza fonte</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Essendo costituiti da singole cellule mancanti di nucleo, per forma e dimensioni molto simili ai batteri, sono stati in passato classificati assieme ad essi, come <a href="/wiki/Prokaryota" title="Prokaryota">procarioti</a> o monere. Originariamente furono ritrovati negli ambienti più estremi, ma successivamente sono stati trovati in tutti gli <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a>, compreso l'intestino umano, nel caso del <a href="/wiki/Methanobrevibacter_smithii" title="Methanobrevibacter smithii">Methanobrevibacter smithii</a>. </p><p>Nonostante non sia del tutto sicura la <a href="/wiki/Filogenesi" title="Filogenesi">filogenesi</a> del gruppo, gli archei sono quindi (insieme agli <a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">eucarioti</a> e agli <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">eubatteri</a>) uno dei tre fondamentali gruppi degli esseri viventi nella classificazione di <a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Woese</a>. Tesi recenti propongono di considerare Archei ed Eucarioti un unico regno, contrapposto ai Batteri, in quanto all'origine degli eucarioti vi sarebbe l'<a href="/wiki/Endosimbiosi" title="Endosimbiosi">endosimbiosi</a> <a href="/wiki/Mitocondrio" title="Mitocondrio">mitocondriale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a> e George Fox dell'università dell'Illinois condussero un'analisi filogenetica comparativa, basata sulle sequenze del <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> e dell'<a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a> della piccola subunità <a href="/wiki/Ribosoma" title="Ribosoma">ribosomiale</a> (subunità 16S), che permise la distinzione dei procarioti in due diversi domini: <i>Eubacteria</i> e <i>Archaebacteria</i>, modificati poi nel <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a></i> e <i>Archaea</i>. </p><p>In seguito, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Thomas Cavalier-Smith</a> propose (tra il <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a> e il <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>) una classificazione alternativa<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in base alla quale tutti i batteri discendono da organismi <a href="/wiki/Colorazione_di_Gram" title="Colorazione di Gram">gram-negativi</a>, dotati di una seconda membrana nella parete cellulare. Da questi sarebbero derivati innanzitutto i batteri <a href="/wiki/Colorazione_di_Gram" title="Colorazione di Gram">gram-positivi</a>, dotati di una singola <a href="/wiki/Membrana_cellulare" title="Membrana cellulare">membrana cellulare</a>, e solo da questi gli archei e gli <a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">eucarioti</a>. In base a questa controversa classificazione Archaea e <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a> verrebbero riuniti di nuovo in un unico dominio, quello dei <a href="/wiki/Prokaryota" title="Prokaryota">Prokaryota</a>. </p><p>Successivamente e negli anni più recenti, alla luce di nuove analisi di genomi e proteomi, è stata aumentata l'importanza della distinzione tra archei e <a href="/wiki/Batteri" class="mw-redirect" title="Batteri">batteri</a> rintracciando negli archei caratteristiche che li ipotizzano all'origine della nascita delle cellule <a href="/wiki/Eucariote" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucariote">eucariote</a>, il dominio della vita che include tutti gli organismi multicellulari complessi<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evoluzione_e_classificazione">Evoluzione e classificazione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Evoluzione e classificazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Evoluzione e classificazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La filogenesi e la relazione evolutiva tra archei, batteri ed eucarioti rimane non chiarita completamente. A parte le differenze nella struttura delle cellule, nelle funzioni molti fattori di tipo genetico accomunano archei ed eucarioti. Fattori di complicazione sono la constatazione che il rapporto tra eucarioti e il phylum <a href="/wiki/Euryarchaeota" title="Euryarchaeota">Euryarchaeota</a> (archaea) è più stretto del rapporto tra Euryarchaeota e il phylum <a href="/wiki/Crenarchaeota" title="Crenarchaeota">Crenarchaeota</a> (archaea) nonché la presenza di archaea-geni in alcuni batteri, come <i><a href="/wiki/Thermotoga_maritima" title="Thermotoga maritima">Thermotoga maritima</a></i>, per trasferimento orizzontale di geni. </p><p>L'ipotesi principale è l'<a href="/wiki/Endosimbiosi" title="Endosimbiosi">endosimbiosi</a>, cioè che l'antenato degli eucarioti si sia discostato anticipatamente dagli archei, e che gli eucarioti originino attraverso la fusione tra un archeo e un eubatterio, che ne diventano rispettivamente il nucleo e il citoplasma: questa spiegazione è l'unica plausibile e considerata un fatto verificato dalla comunità scientifica<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerato1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerato1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Trascrizione_(biologia)" title="Trascrizione (biologia)">Trascrizione</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sintesi_proteica" title="Sintesi proteica">traduzione</a> negli archei assomigliano agli analoghi processi negli eucarioti più che nei batteri, per il comportamento della archaea-RNA polimerasi e dei ribosomi molto simile a quello dei loro equivalenti negli eucarioti. Anche se gli archei hanno un solo tipo di RNA polimerasi, la sua struttura e funzione nella trascrizione sembra essere vicina a quella della RNA polimerasi II degli eucarioti, dove i fattori di trascrizione generali dirigono il legame della RNA polimerasi al promotore di un gene. Tuttavia, altri fattori di trascrizione negli archei sono più vicini a quelli trovati nei batteri. La modifica post-trascrizionale è più semplice di quanto lo sia negli eucarioti, poiché la maggior parte dei geni archaea hanno assenza di <a href="/wiki/Introni" class="mw-redirect" title="Introni">introni</a>, anche se ci sono molti introni nei geni per t-RNA e r-RNA, e possono osservarsi introni in alcuni geni che codificano proteine<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140554517" /><span class="chiarimento" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili."></span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">senza fonte</a></i>]</sup> . </p><p>In base all'<a href="/wiki/Analisi_del_DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Analisi del DNA">analisi del DNA</a>, gli archei sono raggruppati in tre phylum: <a href="/wiki/Crenarchaeota" title="Crenarchaeota">Crenarchaeota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euryarchaeota" title="Euryarchaeota">Euryarchaeota</a> e <a href="/wiki/Korarchaeota" title="Korarchaeota">Korarchaeota</a>. Gli Euryarcheota sono i meglio conosciuti ed includono i metanoproduttori e gli alofili. I Crenarcheota comprendono microrganismi termofili, mentre i Korarchaeota sono ancora poco noti, poiché di loro si conosce soltanto il DNA, ma nessun microrganismo è stato finora isolato. Il phylum <a href="/wiki/Nanoarchaeota" title="Nanoarchaeota">Nanoarchaeota</a> è stato creato come tentativo per descrivere alcune specie peculiari come la <i><a href="/wiki/Nanoarchaeum_equitans" title="Nanoarchaeum equitans">Nanoarchea equitans</a>.</i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140554517" /><span class="chiarimento" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili."></span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">senza fonte</a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat">Habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Habitat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Habitat"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebbene siano presenti in ambienti più ospitali, come il <a href="/wiki/Plancton" title="Plancton">plancton</a>, gli archei sono gli abitanti degli ambienti più estremi e inospitali della Terra. I termofili possono svilupparsi a temperature ben superiori ai <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002373150000000000♠"></span>100 °C</span>, gli <a href="/wiki/Psicrofili" class="mw-redirect" title="Psicrofili">psicrofili</a> a quelle inferiori a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002263149999999999♠"></span>−10 °C</span>, mentre gli acidofili e gli alcalofili crescono rispettivamente in ambienti estremamente acidi o alcalini; infine gli alofili prediligono ambienti a elevatissima salinità, con concentrazioni di <a href="/wiki/NaCl" class="mw-redirect" title="NaCl">NaCl</a> anche di <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003600000000000000♠"></span>6 <a href="/wiki/Mole" title="Mole">mol</a>/<a href="/wiki/Litro" title="Litro">L</a></span>.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140554517" /><span class="chiarimento" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili."></span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">senza fonte</a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caratteristiche_degli_archei">Caratteristiche degli archei</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Caratteristiche degli archei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Caratteristiche degli archei"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pur mantenendo le caratteristiche della cellula procariote (assenza di un nucleo distinto e di organuli citoplasmatici rivestiti da membrane, strutture di rivestimento più complesse rispetto alla cellula eucariote), date le condizioni estreme in cui possono svilupparsi, gli archei presentano una composizione biochimica unica delle loro strutture di rivestimento, che conferisce loro una notevole impermeabilità e che li differenzia sia dai batteri che dagli eucarioti. </p><p>La parete cellulare degli archei è composta da <a href="/wiki/Proteine" title="Proteine">proteine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polisaccaridi" title="Polisaccaridi">polisaccaridi</a> o molecole di <a href="/wiki/Pseudopeptidoglicano" title="Pseudopeptidoglicano">pseudopeptidoglicano</a>, che al posto dell'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acido_muramico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acido muramico (la pagina non esiste)">acido muramico</a> contengono <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acido_talosaminuronico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acido talosaminuronico (la pagina non esiste)">acido talosaminuronico</a>, mentre mancano i <a href="/w/index.php?title=D-aminoacidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D-aminoacidi (la pagina non esiste)">D-aminoacidi</a> caratteristici dei batteri. </p><p>Gli archei sono caratterizzati da una <a href="/wiki/Membrana_citoplasmatica" class="mw-redirect" title="Membrana citoplasmatica">membrana citoplasmatica</a>, in cui i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diacil-fosfogliceridi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diacil-fosfogliceridi (la pagina non esiste)">diacil-fosfogliceridi</a> (che rappresentano l'impalcatura fondamentale delle membrane degli eucarioti e dei batteri) sono sostituiti da lipidi contenenti <a href="/wiki/Glicerolo" title="Glicerolo">glicerolo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Isoprenoidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Isoprenoidi">isoprenoidi</a>. A differenza dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diacil-fosfogliceridi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diacil-fosfogliceridi (la pagina non esiste)">diacil-fosfogliceridi</a>, nei quali il glicerolo è unito con legami <a href="/wiki/Estere" class="mw-redirect" title="Estere">estere</a> a due <a href="/wiki/Acidi_grassi" title="Acidi grassi">acidi grassi</a>, negli archeobatteri il glicerolo è unito con <a href="/wiki/Legame_etereo" class="mw-redirect" title="Legame etereo">legame etereo</a> a due isoprenoidi. Gli isoprenoidi sono lipidi costituiti da unità ripetute di 5 atomi di carbonio (isoprene), che formano lunghe catene sature. I più frequenti isoprenoidi negli archeobatteri sono il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fitanolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fitanolo (la pagina non esiste)">fitanolo</a> (C<sub>20</sub>) e il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bifitanolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bifitanolo (la pagina non esiste)">bifitanolo</a> (C<sub>40</sub>). </p><p>Si riconoscono due tipi fondamentali di <a href="/wiki/Lipide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipide">lipidi</a>: i glicerol-di-eteri o di-fitanil-glicerol-dieteri (detti archeolipidi), che formano tipiche membrane a doppio strato, con un foglietto lipidico esterno ed un foglietto interno, simili a quelle degli altri due regni; i glicerol-tetra-eteri o di-bifitanil-di-glicerol-tetraeteri, (caldarcheolipidi) in cui entrambe le estremità delle molecole degli isoprenoidi sono legate ad una molecola di glicerolo. I glicerol-tetra-eteri formano, caso unico tra gli esseri viventi, membrane monostrato, costituite da un unico foglietto, composto da una parte idrofobica interna, rappresentata dalle catene idrocarboniose degli isoprenoidi, e da una parte idrofila, a contatto con gli ambienti acquosi intra- ed extracellulare, rappresentata dalle molecole di <a href="/wiki/Glicerolo" title="Glicerolo">glicerolo</a>. Poiché gli isoprenoidi dei glicerol-tetra-eteri sono costituiti da bifitanolo, lo spessore delle membrane monostrato si mantiene simile a quello delle membrane a doppio strato. La maggioranza dei glicerol-tetra-eteri contengono ad una estremità uno o più residui glucidici legati al glicerolo (di solito l'estremità extracellulare) e all'altra estremità un <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_fosfato" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruppo fosfato">gruppo fosfato</a> <a href="/wiki/Esterificazione" title="Esterificazione">esterificato</a> a un'altra molecola di glicerolo (di solito l'estremità citoplasmatica). </p><p>Due specie di archei (<i>M. jannaschii</i> e <i>Methanococcus igneus</i>) contengono nella loro membrana archeoli macrociclici o glicerol-di-eteri ciclici, in cui un'unica catena isoprenoide (C<sub>40</sub>) è eterificata con entrambe le estremità al glicerolo, formando una struttura ciclica. </p><p>La maggioranza degli archei che vivono in condizioni di stress ambientale moderato hanno membrane cellulari formate da glicerol-di-eteri (Archeobatteri <a href="/wiki/Batteri_metanogeni" class="mw-redirect" title="Batteri metanogeni">metanogeni</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alofili" class="mw-redirect" title="Alofili">alofili</a>), mentre quelli che sono esposti alle condizioni più estreme presentano di preferenza glicerol-tetra-eteri (<a href="/wiki/Termofili" class="mw-redirect" title="Termofili">termofili</a> e <a href="/wiki/Organismo_acidofilo" title="Organismo acidofilo">acidofili</a>). Negli archei termofili, una o più subunità isoprenoidi dei glicerol-tetra-eteri possono formare strutture cicliche sature a cinque atomi di carbonio (<a href="/wiki/Ciclopentano" title="Ciclopentano">ciclopentano</a>). </p><p>A differenza dei diacil-fosfogliceridi, che alle alte temperature divengono notevolmente permeabili all'acqua e ai <a href="/wiki/Protone" title="Protone">protoni</a>, i lipidi degli archei formano un'impalcatura rigida che mantiene una notevole impermeabilità anche alle alte temperature. L'aumento di permeabilità con la temperatura è causato dalla maggiore mobilità delle catene idrocarboniose, in particolare dalla maggior frequenza delle isomerizzazioni trans-gauche (vedi voce <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fosfolipidi">fosfolipidi</a>), che provocano momentanee soluzioni di continuità nella membrana cellulare, sufficienti per il passaggio di piccole molecole, come acqua e ioni. La rigidità della membrana degli archei è dovuta ad un minor grado di movimento delle catene idrocarboniose dei lipidi, che è conseguenza della <a href="/wiki/Saturazione_(chimica_organica)" title="Saturazione (chimica organica)">saturazione</a> delle catene isoprenoidi e della presenza di legami etere invece che estere (= minor volume delle teste, vedi voci <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fosfolipidi">fosfolipidi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Membrana_cellulare" title="Membrana cellulare">membrana cellulare</a>-<a href="/wiki/Fluidit%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluidità">fluidità</a>) e dell'eventuale formazione di anelli ciclopentanici. Dal momento che la massima mobilità delle catene idrocarboniose si ha al centro dei doppi strati lipidici (ovvero in corrispondenza delle estremità terminali delle catene idrocarboniose), le membrane costituite da un solo monostrato di glicerol-tetra-eteri sono in assoluto le più rigide, in quanto entrambe le estremità delle catene idrocarboniose degli isoprenoidi sono fissate al glicerolo, che ne limita i movimenti. </p><p>Anche la presenza di anelli ciclopentanici, a causa del loro notevole <a href="/wiki/Ingombro_sterico" title="Ingombro sterico">ingombro sterico</a>, riduce notevolmente la mobilità delle catene isoprenoidi, con un effetto simile a quello prodotto dal <a href="/wiki/Colesterolo" title="Colesterolo">colesterolo</a> nelle membrane eucariote (vedi voce <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fosfolipidi">fosfolipidi</a>). Per questo alcuni termofili possono controllare la <a href="/wiki/Fluidit%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluidità">fluidità</a> della propria membrana, variando il numero degli anelli ciclopentanici da 1 a 8 nelle catene lipidiche. Per le stesse ragioni di stabilità, la membrana cellulare degli eubatteri termofili, che come gli Archei possono popolare ambienti ad alte temperature (><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002333150000000000♠"></span>60 °C</span>), quali le acque nelle vicinanze dei vulcani, contiene dialchil-di-eteri-gliceroli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> NR. Pace, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1038/441289a"><span style="font-style:italic;">Time for a change.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Nature</span>, vol. 441, n. 7091, May 2006, p. 289, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F441289a">10.1038/441289a</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16710401?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16710401</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams AT(2013). <i>An archaeal origin of eukaryotes supports only two primary domains of life</i>. Nature 504, 231–236. doi:10.1038/nature12779 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v504/n7479/full/nature12779.html">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> T. Cavalier-Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1099/00207713-52-1-7"><span style="font-style:italic;">The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification.</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Int J Syst Evol Microbiol</span>, vol. 52, Pt 1, gennaio 2002, pp. 7-76, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1099%2F00207713-52-1-7">10.1099/00207713-52-1-7</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11837318?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11837318</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerato1-4"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerato1_4-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Lynn Margulis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150222140358/http://www.sgm.ac.uk/en/publications/microbiology-today/past-issues.cfm/publication/microbial-evolution"><span style="font-style:italic;">Serial endosymbiotic theory (SET) and composite individuality</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Microbiology Today</span>, 2004, p. 172. <small>URL consultato il 22 febbraio 2015</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.sgm.ac.uk/en/publications/microbiology-today/past-issues.cfm/publication/microbial-evolution">url originale</abbr> il 22 febbraio 2015)</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thermoplasma" title="Thermoplasma">Thermoplasma</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Archaea"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Archaea?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="wikispecies:Archaea"><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Archaea?uselang=it">Wikispecies</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Archaea?uselang=it">Archaea</a></span></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikispecies"><img alt="Collabora a Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WikiSpecies_notext.svg/18px-WikiSpecies_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WikiSpecies_notext.svg/27px-WikiSpecies_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WikiSpecies_notext.svg/36px-WikiSpecies_notext.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="129" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikispecies</a></span> contiene informazioni su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Archaea?uselang=it">Archaea</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Thomas Niederberger, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/archaea"><span style="font-style:italic;">archaea</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10872#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <table class="noprint wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Sistematica" title="Sistematica">Classificazione delle specie</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Haeckel</a> (1894)<br />Tre regni </th> <th style="vertical-align:bottom"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Copeland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Copeland (la pagina non esiste)">Copeland</a> (1938)<br />Quattro regni </th> <th style="vertical-align:bottom"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Whittaker" title="Robert Whittaker">Whittaker</a> (1969)<br />Cinque regni </th> <th style="vertical-align:bottom">Woese (1990)<br />Tre domini </th> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a> (2004)<br />Due domini e sette regni </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:pink"><b><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:pink"><b><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:pink"><b><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background-color:plum"><b><a href="/wiki/Eukarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukarya">Eukarya</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background-color:plum"><b><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:pink"><b><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:lightgreen"><b><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen"><b><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen"><b><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen"><b><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:khaki"><b><a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:lightblue"><b><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:lightblue"><b><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:khaki"><b><a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:BurlyWood"><b><a href="/wiki/Chromista" title="Chromista">Chromista</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:khaki"><b><a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:khaki"><b><a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">Protozoa</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:silver"><b><a href="/wiki/Prokaryota" title="Prokaryota">Monera</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:silver"><b><a href="/wiki/Prokaryota" title="Prokaryota">Monera</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgrey"><b><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:silver"><b><a href="/wiki/Prokaryota" title="Prokaryota">Prokaryota</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgrey"><b><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:darkgray"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archaea</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:darkgrey"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archaea</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=51062">51062</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh86006229">sh86006229</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4002825-2">4002825-2</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12349885c">cb12349885c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12349885c">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007565951405171">987007565951405171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001145941">001145941</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_virus_detected.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Microbiologia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal_Clear_app_virus_detected.svg/23px-Crystal_Clear_app_virus_detected.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal_Clear_app_virus_detected.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_virus_detected.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal_Clear_app_virus_detected.svg/45px-Crystal_Clear_app_virus_detected.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="99" data-file-height="109" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Microbiologia" title="Portale:Microbiologia">Portale Microbiologia</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di microbiologia</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archaea&oldid=143798529">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archaea&oldid=143798529</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Archaea" title="Categoria:Archaea">Archaea</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_modulo_citazione_e_parametro_pagine" title="Categoria:Voci con modulo citazione e parametro pagine">Voci con modulo citazione e parametro pagine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pagine_che_utilizzano_collegamenti_magici_PMID" title="Categoria:Pagine che utilizzano collegamenti magici PMID">Pagine che utilizzano collegamenti magici PMID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Senza_fonti_-_microbiologia" title="Categoria:Senza fonti - microbiologia">Senza fonti - microbiologia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Senza_fonti_-_settembre_2018" title="Categoria:Senza fonti - settembre 2018">Senza fonti - settembre 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_Tassobox_-_Regno_Archaea" title="Categoria:Voci con Tassobox - Regno Archaea">Voci con Tassobox - Regno Archaea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Informazioni_senza_fonte" title="Categoria:Informazioni senza fonte">Informazioni senza fonte</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta da Wikidata">P1417 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_Thesaurus_BNCF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF">Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNF">Voci con codice BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_NDL" title="Categoria:Voci con codice NDL">Voci con codice NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_non_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 28 feb 2025 alle 14:23.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>124 lingue</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Aggiungi argomento</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64b5bb4b79-glt6g","wgBackendResponseTime":133,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.493","walltime":"0.661","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11400,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":52175,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10507,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":11575,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 574.615 1 -total"," 29.99% 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