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vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-见于" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#见于"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>见于</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-见于-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关见于子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-见于-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-英语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>英语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-软腭化/l/" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#软腭化/l/"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>软腭化/l/</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-软腭化/l/-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他软腭化音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他软腭化音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>其他软腭化音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他软腭化音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>参考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">軟腭化</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。22种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82" title="إطباق – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إطباق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarizaci%C3%B3n" title="Velarización – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Velarización" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Велярызацыя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Велярызацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goueliekadur" title="Goueliekadur – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Goueliekadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velaritzaci%C3%B3" title="Velarització – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Velarització" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarizace" title="Velarizace – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Velarizace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarisierung" title="Velarisierung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Velarisierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarization" title="Velarization – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Velarization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarizaci%C3%B3n" title="Velarización – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Velarización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="نرم‌کامی‌شدگی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نرم‌کامی‌شدگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velaaristuminen" title="Velaaristuminen – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Velaaristuminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9larisation" title="Vélarisation – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vélarisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="עיצורים מוולניים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצורים מוולניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E5%8F%A3%E8%93%8B%E5%8C%96" title="軟口蓋化 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="軟口蓋化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9)_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Веляр (таңдай) дауыссыздар – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Веляр (таңдай) дауыссыздар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Веляризация – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Веляризация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarisatie" title="Velarisatie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Velarisatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welaryzacja" title="Welaryzacja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Welaryzacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velariza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Velarização – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Velarização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Веляризация – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Веляризация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarisering" title="Velarisering – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Velarisering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Веляризація – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Веляризація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q953016#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">软腭化</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">◌ˠ</span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/IPA_number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA number">IPA編號</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">422</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;;">編碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">HTML碼<small>（十進制）</small></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code>&#736;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">Unicode碼<small>（十六進制）</small></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">U+02E0</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67735281"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">软腭化或咽化</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">◌̴</span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;;">編碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">HTML碼<small>（十進制）</small></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code>&#820;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">Unicode碼<small>（十六進制）</small></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">U+0334</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84090868"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile" style="width:15em;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;padding: 0.3em; font-size: 120%;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" title="語音變化">語音變化</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E4%BA%A4%E6%9B%BF" title="语音交替">语音交替</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2" title="音位变换">音位变换</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Quantitative metathesis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quantitative metathesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantitative_metathesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantitative metathesis（页面不存在）">Quantitative metathesis</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_metathesis" class="extiw" title="en:Quantitative metathesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quantitative metathesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3%E5%BC%B1%E5%8C%96" title="輔音弱化">輔音弱化</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Consonant gradation" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Consonant gradation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consonant_gradation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consonant gradation（页面不存在）">Consonant gradation</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_gradation" class="extiw" title="en:Consonant gradation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Consonant gradation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Consonant voicing and devoicing" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Consonant voicing and devoicing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consonant_voicing_and_devoicing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consonant voicing and devoicing（页面不存在）">Consonant voicing and devoicing</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_voicing_and_devoicing" class="extiw" title="en:Consonant voicing and devoicing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Consonant voicing and devoicing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="齒擦音化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Assibilation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="齒擦音化（页面不存在）">齒擦音化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assibilation" class="extiw" title="en:Assibilation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Assibilation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="擦音化">擦音化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="L的發聲方法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="L-vocalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%E7%9A%84%E7%99%BC%E8%81%B2%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L的發聲方法（页面不存在）">L的發聲方法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-vocalization" class="extiw" title="en:L-vocalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">L-vocalization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E5%8F%A3%E5%8C%96" title="去口化">去口化</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="輔音強化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fortition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3%E5%BC%B7%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="輔音強化（页面不存在）">輔音強化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortition" class="extiw" title="en:Fortition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fortition</span></a></span>）</span></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%92%E9%9F%B3" title="插音">插音</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E9%A6%96%E5%A2%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="词首增音">詞首增音</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Paragoge" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paragoge"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paragoge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paragoge（页面不存在）">Paragoge</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragoge" class="extiw" title="en:Paragoge"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paragoge</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拆包" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Unpacking (linguistics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%86%E5%8C%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拆包（页面不存在）">拆包</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpacking_(linguistics)" class="extiw" title="en:Unpacking (linguistics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Unpacking (linguistics)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%A3%82%E5%8C%96" title="元音裂化">元音裂化</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%9C%81%E7%95%A5" title="語音省略">音節省略</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="词首音脱落" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Apheresis (linguistics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%8D%E9%A6%96%E9%9F%B3%E8%84%B1%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="词首音脱落（页面不存在）">词首音脱落</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apheresis_(linguistics)" class="extiw" title="en:Apheresis (linguistics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Apheresis (linguistics)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="詞中音脱落" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Syncope (phonology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%9E%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E8%84%B1%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詞中音脱落（页面不存在）">詞中音脱落</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncope_(phonology)" class="extiw" title="en:Syncope (phonology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Syncope (phonology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="词尾音脱落" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Apocope"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%8D%E5%B0%BE%E9%9F%B3%E8%84%B1%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="词尾音脱落（页面不存在）">词尾音脱落</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocope" class="extiw" title="en:Apocope"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Apocope</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8A%E9%9F%B3%E8%84%AB%E8%90%BD" title="疊音脫落">疊音脫落</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Cluster reduction" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cluster reduction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cluster_reduction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cluster reduction（页面不存在）">Cluster reduction</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_reduction" class="extiw" title="en:Cluster reduction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cluster reduction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E7%AB%8B%E6%BC%82%E7%A7%BB" title="对立漂移">对立漂移</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A5%E5%81%BF%E5%BB%B6%E9%95%BF" title="补偿延长">补偿延长</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="鼻音化">鼻音化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="聲調發生">聲調發生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E5%8A%A8%E5%A3%B0%E8%B0%83" title="浮动声调">浮动声调</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E5%90%8C%E5%8C%96" title="語音同化">語音同化</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%B8)" title="合音 (語音學)">合音</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Coarticulation" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coarticulation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coarticulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coarticulation（页面不存在）">Coarticulation</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coarticulation" class="extiw" title="en:Coarticulation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coarticulation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="腭音化">腭音化</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">軟腭化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="唇音化">唇音化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尾音清化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Final-obstruent devoicing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BE%E9%9F%B3%E6%B8%85%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尾音清化（页面不存在）">尾音清化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final-obstruent_devoicing" class="extiw" title="en:Final-obstruent devoicing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Final-obstruent devoicing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="metaphony" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="metaphony"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaphony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaphony（页面不存在）">metaphony</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/metaphony" class="extiw" title="en:metaphony"><span lang="en" dir="auto">metaphony</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%92%8C%E8%B0%90%E5%BE%8B" title="元音和谐律">元音和谐律</a>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="I-mutation" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="I-mutation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=I-mutation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I-mutation（页面不存在）">I-mutation</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-mutation" class="extiw" title="en:I-mutation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">I-mutation</span></a></span>）</span></span>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Consonant harmony" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="輔音和諧律"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consonant_harmony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consonant harmony（页面不存在）">Consonant harmony</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3%E5%92%8C%E8%AB%A7%E5%BE%8B" class="extiw" title="en:輔音和諧律"><span lang="en" dir="auto">輔音和諧律</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%95%B0%E5%8C%96" title="語音異化">語音異化</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="连音">连音</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E8%AF%B5" title="联诵">联诵</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%A3%E9%9F%B3R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="連音R（页面不存在）">連音R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" title="輔音變化">輔音變化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E8%AA%BF" title="變調">變調</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99" title="元音间隙">元音间隙</a></li></ul> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 1em;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="融合音节" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Synalepha"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="融合音节（页面不存在）">融合音节</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synalepha" class="extiw" title="en:Synalepha"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Synalepha</span></a></span>）</span></span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%9C%81%E7%95%A5" title="語音省略">音節省略</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="元音缩合" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crasis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E7%BC%A9%E5%90%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="元音缩合（页面不存在）">元音缩合</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crasis" class="extiw" title="en:Crasis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crasis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Synaeresis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Synaeresis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synaeresis（页面不存在）">Synaeresis</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaeresis" class="extiw" title="en:Synaeresis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Synaeresis</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="diaeresis (prosody)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="diaeresis (prosody)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaeresis_(prosody)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diaeresis (prosody)（页面不存在）">diaeresis</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/diaeresis_(prosody)" class="extiw" title="en:diaeresis (prosody)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">diaeresis (prosody)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Synizesis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Synizesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synizesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synizesis（页面不存在）">Synizesis</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synizesis" class="extiw" title="en:Synizesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Synizesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">其他</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E6%8F%9B" title="元音變換">元音變換</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞擦音化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Affrication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞擦音化（页面不存在）">塞擦音化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affrication" class="extiw" title="en:Affrication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Affrication</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3%E5%BB%B6%E9%95%B7" title="輔音延長">輔音延長</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Clipping (phonetics)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clipping (phonetics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clipping_(phonetics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clipping (phonetics)（页面不存在）">Clipping</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipping_(phonetics)" class="extiw" title="en:Clipping (phonetics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clipping (phonetics)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Fronting (sound change)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fronting (sound change)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fronting_(sound_change)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fronting (sound change)（页面不存在）">Fronting</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fronting_(sound_change)" class="extiw" title="en:Fronting (sound change)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fronting (sound change)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="抬升 (语言学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Raising (sound change)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%AC%E5%8D%87_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抬升 (语言学)（页面不存在）">抬升</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_(sound_change)" class="extiw" title="en:Raising (sound change)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Raising (sound change)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Betacism" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Betacism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betacism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betacism（页面不存在）">Betacism</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betacism" class="extiw" title="en:Betacism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Betacism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%AD%90%E5%A1%94%E5%8C%96" title="愛歐塔化">愛歐塔化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="phonological change#Merger" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="phonological change#Merger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonological_change&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonological change（页面不存在）">Merger</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/phonological_change#Merger" class="extiw" title="en:phonological change"><span lang="en" dir="auto">phonological change#Merger</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="單元音化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Monophthongization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="單元音化（页面不存在）">單元音化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophthongization" class="extiw" title="en:Monophthongization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Monophthongization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="hotacism" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="hotacism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hotacism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hotacism（页面不存在）">hotacism</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hotacism" class="extiw" title="en:hotacism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">hotacism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%96%89%E4%BA%B2%E7%BC%98%E6%80%A7" title="鼻喉亲缘性">鼻喉亲缘性</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Sulcalization" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sulcalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulcalization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulcalization（页面不存在）">Sulcalization</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulcalization" class="extiw" title="en:Sulcalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sulcalization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shm-%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D" title="Shm-重复">Shm-重复</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="元音推移" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vowel_shift"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="元音推移（页面不存在）">元音推移</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_shift" class="extiw" title="en:Vowel shift"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vowel_shift</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BE%E5%8F%98" title="链变">链变</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6;border-top:#aaa 1px solid; padding-top: 1px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96" title="Template:语音变化"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:语音变化（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:语音变化"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>軟腭化</b>是一種<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="輔音">輔音</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="次發音" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Secondary articulation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E7%99%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次發音（页面不存在）">次發音</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_articulation" class="extiw" title="en:Secondary articulation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Secondary articulation</span></a></span>）</span></span>方式，即在發音時將舌頭背部抬升至<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="軟腭">軟腭</a>處。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际音标">国际音标</a>中，软腭化有4种表示方法： </p> <ul><li>横穿原字符的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B5%AA%E8%99%9F" title="波浪號">波浪符</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%B7#搖擺線" title="连接号">搖擺線</a><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79829556">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+0334</span></span> <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">̴</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71146900">.mw-parser-output .smallcaps-all{font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase}.mw-parser-output .smallcaps-all>span{font-variant:normal;text-transform:none}</style><span class="smallcaps-all">COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY</span> ，HTML：<code>&#820;</code>可表示软腭化、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E5%8C%96" title="小舌化">小舌化</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD%E5%8C%96" title="咽化">咽化</a>，如<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɫ]</span>(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[l]</span>的软腭化)</li> <li>在原字符后加<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%A0%87" title="上标">上标</a>的<a href="/wiki/%C6%94" title="Ɣ">Ɣ</a><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">U+02E0</span></span> <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ˠ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r71146900"><span class="smallcaps-all">MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA</span> ，HTML：<code>&#736;</code>，如⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">tˠ</span>⟩(软腭化的<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[t]</span>)</li> <li>与软腭擦音除阻相区分，用⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ᵚ</span>⟩<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>上标<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>w<span class="Unicode">⟩</span><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">U+02B7</span></span> <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ʷ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r71146900"><span class="smallcaps-all">MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W</span>表示同时的唇-软腭化，如⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">sʷ</span>⟩或⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">pʷ</span>⟩，或软腭音的唇化，如⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">kʷ</span>⟩。</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E7%85%A7%E7%9B%B8%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电子硬腭照相术（页面不存在）">电子硬腭照相术</a>研究表明，软腭化的程度可能是连续的，<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>但没有任何语言有不同软腭化程度间的对立，因此IPA並無指明软腭化程度的符號。必需时，可用IPA惯例——双写符号表示更强的程度，如：⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ˠˠ</span>⟩。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="见于"><span id=".E8.A7.81.E4.BA.8E"></span>见于</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：见于"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英语"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD"></span>英语</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：英语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E8%BE%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="软腭化齿龈边音">软腭化齿龈边音</a>即所谓“暗l”（dark L）。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E8%8B%B1%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="标准英音">标准英音</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通用美国英语（页面不存在）">通用美国英语</a>等口音中，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="音素">音素</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/l/</span>有着“亮”“暗”变体：“暗”者是软腭化的<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɫ]</span>，出现在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%B0%BE" title="韵尾">韵尾</a>位置(如fu<b>ll</b>)；“亮”者是不软腭化的<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[l]</span>，出现在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="声母">声母</a>位置(如<b>l</b>awn)。<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="蘇格蘭英語">苏格兰英语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="澳大利亚英语">澳大利亚英语</a>、标准加拿大英语中，所有位置都为“暗l”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="软腭化/l/"><span id=".E8.BD.AF.E8.85.AD.E5.8C.96.2Fl.2F"></span>软腭化/l/</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：软腭化/l/"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="阿尔巴尼亚语">阿尔巴尼亚语</a>亮l、暗ll有别</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="加泰罗尼亚语">加泰罗尼亚语</a>方言与音位变体</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙语">葡萄牙语</a>方言与音位变体</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="土耳其语">土耳其语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="库尔德语">库尔德语</a></li></ul> <p>许多语言中，软腭化往往出现于齿-舌冠音上，暗l倾向于是齿音或齿齿龈音，清l则倾向于后移到齿龈。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:4</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他软腭化音"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E8.BD.AF.E8.85.AD.E5.8C.96.E9.9F.B3"></span>其他软腭化音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：其他软腭化音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/d/</span>在部分环境下实现为软腭化的<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ðˠ]</span>。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="爱尔兰语">爱尔兰语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%BB%8D%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="马绍尔语">马绍尔语</a>的软腭化辅音系统地与硬腭化辅音对立。<sup id="cite_ref-Padgett2003_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padgett2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>相似地，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a>硬音有软腭化的同位异音，特别是<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="前元音">前元音</a>前与<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="唇音">唇音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="软腭音">软腭音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="边音">边音</a>相邻的硬音。<sup id="cite_ref-Padgett2003_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padgett2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E7%9B%96%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="苏格兰盖尔语">苏格兰盖尔语</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="边音">边音</a>有<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[n ~ n̪ˠ ~ ɲ]</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[l ~ l̪ˠ ~ ʎ]</span>3向对立<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="库尔德语">库尔德语</a>有<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɫ/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/sˠ/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/zˠ/</span>三种软腭化音，都与不软腭化形式对立。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="吉里巴斯語">基里巴斯语</a>有/mˠ/、/pˠ/、/βˠ/三种软腭化音，其中/mˠ/、/pˠ/两种与不软腭化形式对立。</li></ul> <p>硬腭化/软腭化对立也有许多其他名字，语言教学中最常见。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83"></span>参考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vd. Tryon (1995) <i>Comparative Austronesian Dictionary"</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRecasensEspinosa2005">Recasens & Espinosa (2005)</a><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2</sup>引<a href="#CITEREFRecasensFontdevilaPallarès1995">Recasens, Fontdevila & Pallarès (1995)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRecasensEspinosa2005">Recasens & Espinosa (2005)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Pharao, Nicolai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dgcss.hum.ku.dk/aarsberetninger/2010/conference_proceedings_presentations/poster_sound_change_workshop_Barcelona_2010_N_Pharao.pdf">Word frequency and sound change in groups and individuals</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2018]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011013720/https://dgcss.hum.ku.dk/aarsberetninger/2010/conference_proceedings_presentations/poster_sound_change_workshop_Barcelona_2010_N_Pharao.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2018-10-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&rft.aufirst=Nicolai&rft.aulast=Pharao&rft.btitle=Word+frequency+and+sound+change+in+groups+and+individuals&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdgcss.hum.ku.dk%2Faarsberetninger%2F2010%2Fconference_proceedings_presentations%2Fposter_sound_change_workshop_Barcelona_2010_N_Pharao.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Padgett2003-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Padgett2003_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Padgett2003_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPadgett2003" class="citation">Padgett, Jaye, Holt, D. Eric , 编, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0195-3_12">The Emergence of Contrastive Palatalization in Russian</a>, Optimality Theory and Language Change, Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands), 2003: 307–335 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-06-24</span>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-94-010-0195-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-94-010-0195-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-94-010-0195-3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-010-0195-3_12"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0195-3_12</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=The+Emergence+of+Contrastive+Palatalization+in+Russian&rft.aufirst=Jaye&rft.aulast=Padgett&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.isbn=978-94-010-0195-3&rft.jtitle=Optimality+Theory+and+Language+Change&rft.pages=307-335&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-94-010-0195-3_12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-010-0195-3_12&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRoonWhalen2019" class="citation">Roon, Kevin D.; Whalen, D. H., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icphs2019.org/icphs2019-fullpapers/pdf/full-paper_828.pdf">Velarization of Russian labial consonants</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, International Congress of Phonetic Sciences ICPhS 2019, 2019 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-06-24</span>]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709212624/https://icphs2019.org/icphs2019-fullpapers/pdf/full-paper_828.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-07-09）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=Velarization+of+Russian+labial+consonants&rft.au=Whalen%2C+D.+H.&rft.aufirst=Kevin+D.&rft.aulast=Roon&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Congress+of+Phonetic+Sciences+ICPhS+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ficphs2019.org%2Ficphs2019-fullpapers%2Fpdf%2Ffull-paper_828.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bauer, Michael. <i>Blas na Gàidhlig: The Practical Guide to Gaelic Pronunciation.</i> Glasgow: Akerbeltz, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFattah2000" class="citation">Fattah, Ismaïl Kamandâr, Les dialectes Kurdes méridionaux, Acta Iranica, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9042909188" title="Special:网络书源/9042909188"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9042909188</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&rft.aufirst=Isma%C3%AFl+Kamand%C3%A2r&rft.aulast=Fattah&rft.btitle=Les+dialectes+Kurdes+m%C3%A9ridionaux&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9042909188&rft.pub=Acta+Iranica&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarus1958" class="citation">McCarus, Ernest N., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED089545.pdf">—A Kurdish Grammar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, 1958 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2018]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303011429/http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED089545.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2022-03-03）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&rft.aufirst=Ernest+N.&rft.aulast=McCarus&rft.btitle=%E2%80%94A+Kurdish+Grammar&rft.date=1958&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffiles.eric.ed.gov%2Ffulltext%2FED089545.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="资料"><span id=".E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRecasensFontdevilaPallarès1995" class="citation">Recasens, Daniel; Fontdevila, J; Pallarès, Maria Dolores, Velarization degree and coarticulatory resistance for /l/ in Catalan and German, Journal of Phonetics, 1995, <b>23</b> (1–2): 37–52, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0095-4470%2895%2980031-X"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/S0095-4470(95)80031-X</span></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=Velarization+degree+and+coarticulatory+resistance+for+%2Fl%2F+in+Catalan+and+German&rft.au=Fontdevila%2C+J&rft.au=Pallar%C3%A8s%2C+Maria+Dolores&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.aulast=Recasens&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phonetics&rft.pages=37-52&rft.volume=23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0095-4470%2895%2980031-X&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRecasensEspinosa2005" class="citation">Recasens, Daniel; Espinosa, Aina, Articulatory, positional and coarticulatory characteristics for clear /l/ and dark /l/: evidence from two Catalan dialects, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2005, <b>35</b> (1): 1–25, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100305001878"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1017/S0025100305001878</span></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&rft.atitle=Articulatory%2C+positional+and+coarticulatory+characteristics+for+clear+%2Fl%2F+and+dark+%2Fl%2F%3A+evidence+from+two+Catalan+dialects&rft.au=Espinosa%2C+Aina&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.aulast=Recasens&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.pages=1-25&rft.volume=35&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100305001878&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJonesWard1969" class="citation"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a>; Ward, Dennis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A9rrVMQ-PxsC">The Phonetics of Russian</a>, Cambridge University Press, 1969 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-01-31</span>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521153003" title="Special:网络书源/9780521153003"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780521153003</a>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216110926/https://books.google.com/books?id=A9rrVMQ-PxsC">存档</a>于2022-02-16）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96&rft.au=Ward%2C+Dennis&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.btitle=The+Phonetics+of+Russian&rft.date=1969&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780521153003&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA9rrVMQ-PxsC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=軟腭化&oldid=83779183">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=軟腭化&oldid=83779183</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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