CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html class="no-js" lang="en-us"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://analytics.notify.elsevier.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://sp.notify.elsevier.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.cookielaw.org"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://js-agent.newrelic.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://images.ctfassets.net"/><link rel="icon" href="/images/elsevier-favicon.png" type="image/png"/><link rel="icon" href="/images/elsevier-favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/images/elsevier-apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"/><meta name="google-site-verification" content="0-8Ig3YtfzbeUxQdZ-TM_y8P_se41D4JrW3e0o8xgdk"/><script>;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={allow_bfcache:true,distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:false},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"3344122",trustKey:"2038175",agentID:"1588666277",licenseKey:"NRJS-8ad1606bcb8deff2157",applicationID:"1588666277"}; ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"NRJS-8ad1606bcb8deff2157",applicationID:"1588666277",sa:1}; ;(()=>{var e,t,r={9071:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>n});var n=0,i=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);i&&(n=+i[1])},6562:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P_:()=>p,Mt:()=>v,C5:()=>f,DL:()=>y,OP:()=>k,lF:()=>H,Yu:()=>E,Dg:()=>g,CX:()=>d,GE:()=>w,sU:()=>L});var n={};r.r(n),r.d(n,{agent:()=>A,match:()=>S,version:()=>O});var i=r(6797),o=r(909),a=r(8610);class s{constructor(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,a.Z)("New setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,a.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");Object.assign(this,t),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;const n=(0,o.q)(t);n.length&&r&&"object"==typeof r&&n.forEach((e=>{e in r&&((0,a.Z)('"'.concat(e,'" is a protected attribute and can not be changed in feature ').concat(t,". It will have no effect.")),delete r[e])})),this[t]=r}))}catch(e){(0,a.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}}const c={beacon:i.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:i.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},u={};function f(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!u[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return u[e]}function d(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");u[e]=new s(t,c),(0,i.Qy)(e,u[e],"info")}const l={allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}},h={};function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!h[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return h[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");h[e]=new s(t,l),(0,i.Qy)(e,h[e],"config")}function v(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}const m={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},b={};function y(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!b[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return b[e]}function w(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");b[e]=new s(t,m),(0,i.Qy)(e,b[e],"loader_config")}const E=(0,i.mF)().o;var T=r(2053),A=null,O=null;if(navigator.userAgent){var x=navigator.userAgent,_=x.match(/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/);_&&-1===x.indexOf("Chrome")&&-1===x.indexOf("Chromium")&&(A="Safari",O=_[1])}function S(e,t){if(!A)return!1;if(e!==A)return!1;if(!t)return!0;if(!O)return!1;for(var r=O.split("."),n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length;i++)if(n[i]!==r[i])return!1;return!0}var j=r(5526),P=r(2374);const D="NRBA_SESSION_ID";function N(){if(!P.il)return null;try{let e;return null===(e=window.sessionStorage.getItem(D))&&(e=(0,j.ky)(16),window.sessionStorage.setItem(D,e)),e}catch(e){return null}}var C=r(8226);const I=e=>({customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,offset:(0,T.yf)(),onerror:void 0,origin:""+P._A.location,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},sessionId:1==v(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")?N():null,xhrWrappable:"function"==typeof P._A.XMLHttpRequest?.prototype?.addEventListener,userAgent:n,version:C.q}),R={};function k(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!R[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return R[e]}function L(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");R[e]=new s(t,I(e)),(0,i.Qy)(e,R[e],"runtime")}function H(e){return function(e){try{const t=f(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}(e)}},8226:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{q:()=>n});const n="1227.PROD"},9557:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(8610);const i={agentIdentifier:""};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},4329:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{L:()=>f,R:()=>c});var n=r(3752),i=r(7022),o=r(4045),a=r(2325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function f(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=Array.from(s[e]);function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u<s.length;++u)d(s[u],c);(0,i.D)(c,(function(e,t){(0,i.D)(t,(function(t,r){r[0].on(e,r[1])}))}))}delete a[t],r.backlog[t]=null,r.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}r.every((e=>{let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function d(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},3752:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{c:()=>d,ee:()=>u});var n=r(6797),i=r(3916),o=r(7022),a=r(6562),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function f(){}function d(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new f}function h(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},d={},p=!1;try{p=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var g={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:m,get:E,listeners:w,context:v,buffer:T,abort:h,aborted:!1,isBuffering:A,debugId:r,backlog:p?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return g;function v(e){return e&&e instanceof f?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function m(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=v(n),s=w(e),f=s.length,d=0;d<f;d++)s[d].apply(a,r);var l=O()[c[e]];return l&&l.push([g,e,r,a]),a}}function b(e,t){n[e]=w(e).concat(t)}function y(e,t){var r=n[e];if(r)for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)}function w(e){return n[e]||[]}function E(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(g,t)}function T(e,t){var r=O();g.aborted||(0,o.D)(e,(function(e,n){t=t||"feature",c[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))}function A(e){return!!O()[c[e]]}function O(){return g.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),c.ee=u)},9252:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{E:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(3752).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4045:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(9252);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},8544:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(2374);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r))}},5526:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ht:()=>a,M:()=>o,Rl:()=>i,ky:()=>s});var n=r(2374);function i(){var e=null,t=0,r=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;function i(){return e?15&e[t++]:16*Math.random()|0}r&&r.getRandomValues&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o,a="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",s="",c=0;c<a.length;c++)s+="x"===(o=a[c])?i().toString(16):"y"===o?(o=3&i()|8).toString(16):o;return s}function o(){return s(16)}function a(){return s(32)}function s(e){var t=null,r=0,n=self.crypto||self.msCrypto;n&&n.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(t=n.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var i=[],o=0;o<e;o++)i.push(a().toString(16));return i.join("");function a(){return t?15&t[r++]:16*Math.random()|0}}},2053:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{nb:()=>s,os:()=>c,yf:()=>a,zO:()=>o});var n=(new Date).getTime(),i=n;function o(){return performance?.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(n=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),n))-i}function a(){return n}function s(e){i=e}function c(){return i}},6625:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{s:()=>a,v:()=>s});var n=r(8283),i=r(2053),o=r(2374);let a=!0;function s(e){var t=function(){a=!1;const e=o._A?.performance?.timeOrigin||o._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart;if(!e)return;return Math.round(e)}();t&&((0,n.B)(e,"starttime",t),(0,i.nb)(t))}},8283:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{B:()=>o,L:()=>a});var n=r(2053),i={};function o(e,t,r){void 0===r&&(r=(0,n.zO)()+(0,n.os)()),i[e]=i[e]||{},i[e][t]=r}function a(e,t,r,n){const o=e.sharedContext.agentIdentifier;var a=i[o]?.[r],s=i[o]?.[n];void 0!==a&&void 0!==s&&e.store("measures",t,{value:s-a})}},2545:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{L:()=>c});var n=r(9071),i=r(8544),o=r(8305),a=r(2374),s=r(6998);if(a.v6){a._A.cleanupTasks=[];const e=a._A.close;a._A.close=()=>{for(let e of a._A.cleanupTasks)e();e()}}function c(e,t){if(a.il)if(t)(0,s.N)(e,!0),(0,i.bP)("pagehide",e);else{var r=(0,o.Z)(e);!n.I||navigator.sendBeacon?(0,i.bP)("pagehide",r):(0,i.bP)("beforeunload",r),(0,i.bP)("unload",r)}else a.v6&&a._A.cleanupTasks.push(e)}},6368:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{e:()=>o});var n=r(2374),i={};function o(e){if(e in i)return i[e];if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};let t;var r=n._A?.location,o={};if(n.il)t=document.createElement("a"),t.href=e;else try{t=new URL(e,r.href)}catch(e){return o}o.port=t.port;var a=t.href.split("://");!o.port&&a[1]&&(o.port=a[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===a[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=t.hostname||r.hostname,o.pathname=t.pathname,o.protocol=a[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var s=!t.protocol||":"===t.protocol||t.protocol===r.protocol,c=t.hostname===r.hostname&&t.port===r.port;return o.sameOrigin=s&&(!t.hostname||c),"/"===o.pathname&&(i[e]=o),o}},8610:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){console&&console.warn&&"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},3916:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},2374:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,lW:()=>a,v6:()=>i});const n=Boolean("undefined"!=typeof window&&window.document),i=Boolean("undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator);let o=(()=>{if(n)return window;if(i){if("undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope)return globalThis;if(self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope)return self}throw new Error('New Relic browser agent shutting down due to error: Unable to locate global scope. This is possibly due to code redefining browser global variables like "self" and "window".')})();function a(){return o}},7022:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t){var r=[],i="",o=0;for(i in e)n.call(e,i)&&(r[o]=t(i,e[i]),o+=1);return r}},8305:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Z:()=>o});var n=r(8683),i=r.n(n);function o(e){var t,r=!1;return function(){return r?t:(r=!0,t=e.apply(this,i()(arguments)))}}},2650:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(8544);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},6797:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>f,mF:()=>s});var n=r(2053),i=r(2374);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.zO)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function f(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},6998:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{N:()=>i,e:()=>o});var n=r(8544);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1];return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t){if("hidden"!=document.visibilityState)return;e()}e(document.visibilityState)}))}function o(){return"hidden"===document.visibilityState?-1:1/0}},6408:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>i});var n=r(2374);function i(){return"function"==typeof n._A?.PerformanceObserver}},8675:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.ajax},8322:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>i,t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.jserrors,i="nr@seenError"},6034:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(2325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6486:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.pageAction},2484:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.pageViewEvent},6382:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.pageViewTiming},2628:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.r(t),r.d(t,{ADD_EVENT_LISTENER:()=>g,BST_RESOURCE:()=>a,BST_TIMER:()=>l,END:()=>u,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FN_END:()=>d,FN_START:()=>f,ORIG_EVENT:()=>p,PUSH_STATE:()=>h,RESOURCE:()=>s,RESOURCE_TIMING_BUFFER_FULL:()=>o,START:()=>c});var n=r(6562);const i=r(2325).D.sessionTrace,o="resourcetimingbufferfull",a="bstResource",s="resource",c="-start",u="-end",f="fn"+c,d="fn"+u,l="bstTimer",h="pushState",p=n.Yu.EV,g="addEventListener"},755:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.r(t),r.d(t,{BODY:()=>T,CB_END:()=>A,CB_START:()=>u,END:()=>E,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FETCH:()=>x,FETCH_BODY:()=>m,FETCH_DONE:()=>v,FETCH_START:()=>g,FN_END:()=>c,FN_START:()=>s,INTERACTION:()=>l,INTERACTION_API:()=>f,INTERACTION_EVENTS:()=>o,JSONP_END:()=>b,JSONP_NODE:()=>p,JS_TIME:()=>O,MAX_TIMER_BUDGET:()=>a,REMAINING:()=>d,SPA_NODE:()=>h,START:()=>w,originalSetTimeout:()=>y});var n=r(6562);r(2374);const i=r(2325).D.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",f="api-ixn-",d="remaining",l="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",v="fetch-done",m="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=n.Yu.ST,w="-start",E="-end",T="-body",A="cb"+E,O="jsTime",x="fetch"},1509:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>s});var n=r(6562),i=r(3752),o=r(2384),a=r(6797);class s{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1,this.checkConfiguration()}checkConfiguration(){if(!(0,n.lF)(this.agentIdentifier)){let e={...(0,a.gG)().info?.jsAttributes};try{e={...e,...(0,n.C5)(this.agentIdentifier)?.jsAttributes}}catch(e){}(0,o.j)(this.agentIdentifier,{...(0,a.gG)(),info:{...(0,a.gG)().info,jsAttributes:e}})}}}},2384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>w});var n=r(8683),i=r.n(n),o=r(2325),a=r(6562),s=r(9252),c=r(7022),u=r(3752),f=r(2053),d=r(4329),l=r(2650),h=r(2374),p=r(8610),g=r(6034);function v(e){["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i<r;i++)n[i]=arguments[i];return function(t){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r>1?r-1:0),i=1;i<r;i++)n[i-1]=arguments[i];Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&e.api[t](...n)}))}(t,...n)}}))}var m=r(6797);const b={stn:[o.D.sessionTrace],err:[o.D.jserrors,o.D.metrics],ins:[o.D.pageAction],spa:[o.D.spa]};const y={};function w(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},n=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,w=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:E,info:T,loader_config:A,runtime:O={loaderType:n},exposed:x=!0}=t;const _=(0,m.gG)();let S={};return T||(E=_.init,T=_.info,A=_.loader_config,S=_),h.v6&&(T.jsAttributes={...T.jsAttributes,isWorker:!0}),(0,a.CX)(e,T),(0,a.Dg)(e,E||{}),(0,a.GE)(e,A||{}),(0,a.sU)(e,O),function(e,t,n){n||(0,d.R)(e,"api"),v(t);var m=u.ee.get(e),b=m.get("tracer"),y="api-",w=y+"ixn-";function E(){}(0,c.D)(["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],(function(e,r){t[r]=A(y,r,!0,"api")})),t.addPageAction=A(y,"addPageAction",!0,o.D.pageAction),t.setCurrentRouteName=A(y,"routeName",!0,o.D.spa),t.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,a.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,A(y,"setPageViewName",!0,"api")()},t.setCustomAttribute=function(t,r){const n=(0,a.C5)(e);return(0,a.CX)(e,{...n,jsAttributes:{...n.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),A(y,"setCustomAttribute",!0,"api")()},t.interaction=function(){return(new E).get()};var T=E.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},n=this,i="function"==typeof t;return(0,s.p)(w+"tracer",[(0,f.zO)(),e,r],n,o.D.spa,m),function(){if(b.emit((i?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,f.zO)(),n,i],r),i)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw b.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{b.emit("fn-end",[(0,f.zO)()],r)}}}};function A(e,t,r,n){return function(){return(0,s.p)(g.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,o.D.metrics,m),(0,s.p)(e+t,[(0,f.zO)()].concat(i()(arguments)),r?null:this,n,m),r?void 0:this}}function O(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,5692)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,d.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,p.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}(0,c.D)("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),(function(e,t){T[t]=A(w,t,void 0,o.D.spa)})),t.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,s.p)(g.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,o.D.metrics,m),(0,s.p)("err",[e,(0,f.zO)(),!1,t],void 0,o.D.jserrors,m)},h.v6?O():(0,l.b)((()=>O()),!0)}(e,S,w),(0,m.Qy)(e,_,"api"),(0,m.Qy)(e,x,"exposed"),(0,m.EZ)("activatedFeatures",y),(0,m.EZ)("setToken",(t=>function(e,t){var r=u.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&((0,c.D)(e,(function(e,t){if(!t)return(b[e]||[]).forEach((t=>{(0,s.p)("block-"+e,[],void 0,t,r)}));y[e]||((0,s.p)("feat-"+e,[],void 0,b[e],r),y[e]=!0)})),(0,d.L)(t,o.D.pageViewEvent))}(t,e))),S}},909:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Z:()=>i,q:()=>o});var n=r(2325);function i(e){switch(e){case n.D.ajax:return[n.D.jserrors];case n.D.sessionTrace:return[n.D.ajax,n.D.pageViewEvent];case n.D.pageViewTiming:return[n.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}function o(e){return e===n.D.jserrors?[]:["auto"]}},2325:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8}},8683:e=>{e.exports=function(e,t,r){t||(t=0),void 0===r&&(r=e?e.length:0);for(var n=-1,i=r-t||0,o=Array(i<0?0:i);++n<i;)o[n]=e[t+n];return o}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.n=e=>{var t=e&&e.__esModule?()=>e.default:()=>e;return i.d(t,{a:t}),t},i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",193:"session_trace-aggregate",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",439:"async-api",729:"lazy-loader",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"2f41aaf7",147:"28086cfb",178:"52056f28",193:"545db67a",317:"941c6e17",348:"a7d9d7be",439:"737e0ca6",729:"540ab0d1",786:"2ae3c96c",873:"494130b7",898:"52cc993d"}[e]+"-1227.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),f=0;f<u.length;f++){var d=u[f];if(d.getAttribute("src")==r||d.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=d;break}}s||(c=!0,(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r),e[r]=[n];var l=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(h);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},h=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={134:0,935:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=window.webpackChunkNRBA=window.webpackChunkNRBA||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})();var o={};(()=>{"use strict";i.r(o);var e=i(2325),t=i(6562);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(2384),s=i(909),c=i(9252),u=i(2053),f=i(8283),d=i(6625),l=i(4329),h=i(1509),p=i(2650),g=i(2374),v=i(8610);class m extends h.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.hasAggregator=!1,this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,n&&(0,l.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){if(this.hasAggregator||!this.auto)return;this.hasAggregator=!0;const e=async()=>{try{const{lazyLoader:e}=await i.e(729).then(i.bind(i,8110)),{Aggregate:t}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator)}catch(e){(0,v.Z)("Downloading ".concat(this.featureName," failed...")),this.abortHandler?.()}};g.v6?e():(0,p.b)((()=>e()),!0)}}var b,y,w,E=i(2484);class T extends m{constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,E.t,r),(0,d.v)(e),(0,f.B)(e,"firstbyte",(0,u.yf)()),(0,p.K)((()=>this.measureDomContentLoaded())),(0,p.b)((()=>this.measureWindowLoaded()),!0),this.importAggregator()}measureWindowLoaded(){var t=(0,u.zO)();(0,f.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"onload",t+(0,u.os)()),(0,c.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}measureDomContentLoaded(){(0,f.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"domContent",(0,u.zO)()+(0,u.os)())}}b=T,y="featureName",w=E.t,(y=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(y))in b?Object.defineProperty(b,y,{value:w,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):b[y]=w;var A=i(9557),O=i(7022);class x extends A.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,O.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=_(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,O.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=_(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=S(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=_(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i<e.length;i++)t[r=e[i]]=j(this.aggregatedData[r]),t[r].length&&(n=!0),delete this.aggregatedData[r];return n?t:null}}function _(e,t){return null==e?function(e){e?e.c++:e={c:1};return e}(t):t?(t.c||(t=S(t.t)),t.c+=1,t.t+=e,t.sos+=e*e,e>t.max&&(t.max=e),e<t.min&&(t.min=e),t):{t:e}}function S(e){return{t:e,min:e,max:e,sos:e*e,c:1}}function j(e){return"object"!=typeof e?[]:(0,O.D)(e,P)}function P(e,t){return t}var D=i(6797),N=i(5526);var C,I=i(6998),R=i(8544),k=i(6382),L=-1,H=function(e){addEventListener("pageshow",(function(t){t.persisted&&(L=t.timeStamp,e(t))}),!0)},z=function(){return window.performance&&performance.getEntriesByType&&performance.getEntriesByType("navigation")[0]},M=function(){var e=z();return e&&e.activationStart||0},B=function(e,t){var r=z(),n="navigate";return L>=0?n="back-forward-cache":r&&(n=document.prerendering||M()>0?"prerender":document.wasDiscarded?"restore":r.type.replace(/_/g,"-")),{name:e,value:void 0===t?-1:t,rating:"good",delta:0,entries:[],id:"v3-".concat(Date.now(),"-").concat(Math.floor(8999999999999*Math.random())+1e12),navigationType:n}},F=function(e,t,r){try{if(PerformanceObserver.supportedEntryTypes.includes(e)){var n=new PerformanceObserver((function(e){Promise.resolve().then((function(){t(e.getEntries())}))}));return n.observe(Object.assign({type:e,buffered:!0},r||{})),n}}catch(e){}},U=function(e,t){var r=function r(n){"pagehide"!==n.type&&"hidden"!==document.visibilityState||(e(n),t&&(removeEventListener("visibilitychange",r,!0),removeEventListener("pagehide",r,!0)))};addEventListener("visibilitychange",r,!0),addEventListener("pagehide",r,!0)},V=function(e,t,r,n){var i,o;return function(a){t.value>=0&&(a||n)&&((o=t.value-(i||0))||void 0===i)&&(i=t.value,t.delta=o,t.rating=function(e,t){return e>t[1]?"poor":e>t[0]?"needs-improvement":"good"}(t.value,r),e(t))}},W=function(e){document.prerendering?addEventListener("prerenderingchange",(function(){return e()}),!0):e()},q=(new Date,0),G=1/0,X=0,$=function(e){e.forEach((function(e){e.interactionId&&(G=Math.min(G,e.interactionId),X=Math.max(X,e.interactionId),q=X?(X-G)/7+1:0)}))},Z=function(){return C?q:performance.interactionCount||0},Y=function(){"interactionCount"in performance||C||(C=F("event",$,{type:"event",buffered:!0,durationThreshold:0}))},Q=0,J=function(){return Z()-Q},K=[],ee={},te=function(e){var t=K[K.length-1],r=ee[e.interactionId];if(r||K.length<10||e.duration>t.latency){if(r)r.entries.push(e),r.latency=Math.max(r.latency,e.duration);else{var n={id:e.interactionId,latency:e.duration,entries:[e]};ee[n.id]=n,K.push(n)}K.sort((function(e,t){return t.latency-e.latency})),K.splice(10).forEach((function(e){delete ee[e.id]}))}},re=i(2545);class ne extends m{constructor(r,n){var i;let o=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,k.t,o),i=this,g.il){if(this.pageHiddenTime=(0,I.e)(),this.performanceObserver,this.lcpPerformanceObserver,this.clsPerformanceObserver,this.fiRecorded=!1,"PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){this.performanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return i.perfObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.performanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(e){}this.lcpPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return i.lcpObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.lcpPerformanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(e){}this.clsPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return i.clsObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.clsPerformanceObserver.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(e){}}this.fiRecorded=!1;["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"].forEach((e=>{(0,R.iz)(e,(function(){return i.captureInteraction(...arguments)}))})),function(e,t){t=t||{},W((function(){var r=[200,500];Y();var n,i=B("INP"),o=function(e){e.forEach((function(e){e.interactionId&&te(e),"first-input"===e.entryType&&!K.some((function(t){return t.entries.some((function(t){return e.duration===t.duration&&e.startTime===t.startTime}))}))&&te(e)}));var t,r=(t=Math.min(K.length-1,Math.floor(J()/50)),K[t]);r&&r.latency!==i.value&&(i.value=r.latency,i.entries=r.entries,n())},a=F("event",o,{durationThreshold:t.durationThreshold||40});n=V(e,i,r,t.reportAllChanges),a&&(a.observe({type:"first-input",buffered:!0}),U((function(){o(a.takeRecords()),i.value<0&&J()>0&&(i.value=0,i.entries=[]),n(!0)})),H((function(){K=[],Q=Z(),i=B("INP"),n=V(e,i,r,t.reportAllChanges)})))}))}((t=>{let{name:r,value:n,id:i}=t;(0,c.p)("timing",[r.toLowerCase(),n,{metricId:i}],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)})),!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"page_view_timing.long_task")&&(e=>{const t=t=>{t.forEach((t=>{const r={name:"LT",value:t.duration,info:{ltFrame:t.name,ltStart:t.startTime,ltCtr:t.attribution[0].containerType}};"window"!==r.info.ltCtr&&Object.assign(r.info,{ltCtrSrc:t.attribution[0].containerSrc,ltCtrId:t.attribution[0].containerId,ltCtrName:t.attribution[0].containerName}),e(r)}))};let r;try{PerformanceObserver.supportedEntryTypes.includes("longtask")&&(r=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{Promise.resolve().then((()=>{t(e.getEntries())}))})),r.observe({type:"longtask",buffered:!0}))}catch(e){}r&&(0,re.L)((()=>{t(r.takeRecords())}),!0)})((t=>{let{name:r,value:n,info:i}=t;(0,c.p)("timing",[r.toLowerCase(),n,i],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)})),(0,I.N)((()=>{this.pageHiddenTime=(0,u.zO)(),(0,c.p)("docHidden",[this.pageHiddenTime],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}),!0),(0,R.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,c.p)("winPagehide",[(0,u.zO)()],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee))),this.importAggregator()}}perfObserver(t,r){t.getEntries().forEach((t=>{"first-paint"===t.name?(0,c.p)("timing",["fp",Math.floor(t.startTime)],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee):"first-contentful-paint"===t.name&&(0,c.p)("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(t.startTime)],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}lcpObserver(t,r){var n=t.getEntries();if(n.length>0){var i=n[n.length-1];if(this.pageHiddenTime<i.startTime)return;var o=[i],a=this.addConnectionAttributes({});a&&o.push(a),(0,c.p)("lcp",o,void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}}clsObserver(t){t.getEntries().forEach((t=>{t.hadRecentInput||(0,c.p)("cls",[t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}addConnectionAttributes(e){var t=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;if(t)return t.type&&(e["net-type"]=t.type),t.effectiveType&&(e["net-etype"]=t.effectiveType),t.rtt&&(e["net-rtt"]=t.rtt),t.downlink&&(e["net-dlink"]=t.downlink),e}captureInteraction(r){if(r instanceof t.Yu.EV&&!this.fiRecorded){var n=Math.round(r.timeStamp),i={type:r.type};this.addConnectionAttributes(i),n<=(0,u.zO)()?i.fid=(0,u.zO)()-n:n>(0,u.os)()&&n<=Date.now()?(n-=(0,u.os)(),i.fid=(0,u.zO)()-n):n=(0,u.zO)(),this.fiRecorded=!0,(0,c.p)("timing",["fi",n,i],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}}}!function(e,t,r){(t=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r}(ne,"featureName",k.t);const ie={dedicated:Boolean(g._A?.Worker),shared:Boolean(g._A?.SharedWorker),service:Boolean(g._A?.navigator?.serviceWorker)};let oe,ae,se;var ce=i(6034);class ue extends m{constructor(t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(t,r,ce.t9,n),function(e){if(!oe){if(ie.dedicated){oe=Worker;try{g._A.Worker=r(oe,"Dedicated")}catch(e){o(e,"Dedicated")}if(ie.shared){ae=SharedWorker;try{g._A.SharedWorker=r(ae,"Shared")}catch(e){o(e,"Shared")}}else n("Shared");if(ie.service){se=navigator.serviceWorker.register;try{g._A.navigator.serviceWorker.register=(t=se,function(){for(var e=arguments.length,r=new Array(e),n=0;n<e;n++)r[n]=arguments[n];return i("Service",r[1]?.type),t.apply(navigator.serviceWorker,r)})}catch(e){o(e,"Service")}}else n("Service");var t;return}n("All")}function r(e,t){return"undefined"==typeof Proxy?e:new Proxy(e,{construct:(e,r)=>(i(t,r[1]?.type),new e(...r))})}function n(t){g.v6||e("Workers/".concat(t,"/Unavailable"))}function i(t,r){e("Workers/".concat(t,"module"===r?"/Module":"/Classic"))}function o(t,r){e("Workers/".concat(r,"/SM/Unsupported")),(0,v.Z)("NR Agent: Unable to capture ".concat(r," workers."),t)}}((t=>(0,c.p)(ce.xS,[t],void 0,e.D.metrics,this.ee))),this.importAggregator()}}!function(e,t,r){(t=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r}(ue,"featureName",ce.t9);var fe=i(3916),de=i(3752),le=i(8683),he=i.n(le);const pe="nr@original";var ge=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,ve=!1;function me(e,t){return e||(e=de.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");var a,s,c,u="-"===n.charAt(0);for(c=0;c<t.length;c++)we(a=e[s=t[c]])||(e[s]=r(a,u?s+n:n,i,s,o))},r.flag=pe,r;function r(t,r,i,o,a){return we(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[pe]=t,ye(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var s,c,u,f;try{c=this,s=he()(arguments),u="function"==typeof i?i(s,c):i||{}}catch(t){be([t,"",[s,c,o],u],e)}n(r+"start",[s,c,o],u,a);try{return f=t.apply(c,s)}catch(e){throw n(r+"err",[s,c,e],u,a),e}finally{n(r+"end",[s,c,f],u,a)}}}function n(r,n,i,o){if(!ve||t){var a=ve;ve=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){be([t,r,n,i],e)}ve=a}}}function be(e,t){t||(t=de.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function ye(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){be([e],r)}for(var n in e)ge.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n]);return t}function we(e){return!(e&&e instanceof Function&&e.apply&&!e[pe])}var Ee="fetch-",Te=Ee+"body-",Ae=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Oe=g._A.Request,xe=g._A.Response,_e="prototype",Se="nr@context";const je={};function Pe(e){const t=function(e){return(e||de.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Oe&&xe&&g._A.fetch))return t;if(je[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=he()(arguments),o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[Se]&&o[Se].dt&&(e=o[Se].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))},e[r][pe]=i)}return je[t.debugId]=1,Ae.forEach((e=>{r(Oe[_e],e,Te),r(xe[_e],e,Te)})),r(g._A,"fetch",Ee),t.on(Ee+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Ee+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Ee+"done",[e],n)})),t}const De={},Ne="setTimeout",Ce="setInterval",Ie="clearTimeout",Re="-start",ke="-",Le=[Ne,"setImmediate",Ce,Ie,"clearImmediate"];function He(e){const t=function(e){return(e||de.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=me(t);return r.inPlace(g._A,Le.slice(0,2),Ne+ke),r.inPlace(g._A,Le.slice(2,3),Ce+ke),r.inPlace(g._A,Le.slice(3),Ie+ke),t.on(Ce+Re,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ne+Re,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const ze={},Me="requestAnimationFrame";function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||de.ee).get("raf")}(e);if(!g.il||ze[t.debugId]++)return t;ze[t.debugId]=1;var r=me(t);return r.inPlace(window,[Me],"raf-"),t.on("raf-start",(function(e){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-")})),t}const Fe={},Ue=["pushState","replaceState"];function Ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||de.ee).get("history")}(e);return!g.il||Fe[t.debugId]++||(Fe[t.debugId]=1,me(t).inPlace(window.history,Ue,"-")),t}const We={},qe=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Ge(e){const t=function(e){return(e||de.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!g.il||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=me(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){var r=e.match(o),n=r[1],i=r[3];return i?a(i,t[n]):t[n]}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,qe,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var f={};function d(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],f),e.removeEventListener("load",d,(0,R.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,R.m$)(!1))}function l(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],f),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],f),e.removeEventListener("load",d,(0,R.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,R.m$)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",f),e.addEventListener("load",d,(0,R.m$)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",l,(0,R.m$)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],f)}(e[0])})),t}const Xe={};function $e(e){const r=function(e){return(e||de.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!g.il||Xe[r.debugId])return r;Xe[r.debugId]=!0;var n=me(r),i=t.Yu.MO;return i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof i?new i(n(e,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype),r}const Ze={};function Ye(e){const r=function(e){return(e||de.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(Ze[r.debugId])return r;Ze[r.debugId]=!0;var n=de.c,i=me(r),o=t.Yu.PR;return o&&function(){function e(t){var n=r.context(),a=i(t,"executor-",n,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(o,[a],e);return r.context(s).getCtx=function(){return n},s}g._A.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return o.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,o),["all","race"].forEach((function(t){const n=o[t];e[t]=function(e){let i=!1;e?.forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===t),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){r.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(t){const n=o[t];e[t]=function(e){const t=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==t&&r.emit("propagate",[e,!0],t,!1,!1),t}})),e.prototype=o.prototype;const t=o.prototype.then;o.prototype.then=function(){var e=this,o=n(e);o.promise=e;for(var a=arguments.length,s=new Array(a),c=0;c<a;c++)s[c]=arguments[c];s[0]=i(s[0],"cb-",o,null,!1),s[1]=i(s[1],"cb-",o,null,!1);const u=t.apply(this,s);return o.nextPromise=u,r.emit("propagate",[e,!0],u,!1,!1),u},o.prototype.then[pe]=t,r.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=i(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=i(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),r.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),r.on("cb-end",(function(e,t,n){r.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),r.on("propagate",(function(e,t,n){this.getCtx&&!t||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var t=r.context(e);return t&&t.getCtx?t.getCtx():this})}))}(),r}const Qe={},Je=XMLHttpRequest,Ke="addEventListener",et="removeEventListener";function tt(e){var t=function(e){return(e||de.ee).get("events")}(e);if(Qe[t.debugId]++)return t;Qe[t.debugId]=1;var r=me(t,!0);function n(e){r.inPlace(e,[Ke,et],"-",i)}function i(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(g.il&&rt(document,n),rt(g._A,n),rt(Je.prototype,n)),t.on(Ke+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,fe.X)(n,"nr@wrapped",(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(et+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function rt(e,t){let r=e;for(;"object"==typeof r&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,Ke);)r=Object.getPrototypeOf(r);for(var n=arguments.length,i=new Array(n>2?n-2:0),o=2;o<n;o++)i[o-2]=arguments[o];r&&t(r,...i)}const nt={},it=["open","send"];function ot(e){var r=e||de.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||de.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(nt[n.debugId]++)return n;nt[n.debugId]=1,tt(r);var i=me(n),o=t.Yu.XHR,a=t.Yu.MO,s=t.Yu.PR,c=t.Yu.SI,u="readystatechange",f=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],d=[],l=g._A.XMLHttpRequest.listeners,h=g._A.XMLHttpRequest=function(e){var t=new o(e);function r(){try{n.emit("new-xhr",[t],t),t.addEventListener(u,m,(0,R.m$)(!1))}catch(e){(0,v.Z)("An error occured while intercepting XHR",e);try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}return this.listeners=l?[...l,r]:[r],this.listeners.forEach((e=>e())),t};function p(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",T)}function m(){var e=this,t=n.context(e);e.readyState>3&&!t.resolved&&(t.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,f,"fn-",T)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,h),h.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(h.prototype,it,"-xhr-",T),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){p(e,t),function(e){d.push(e),a&&(b?b.then(E):c?c(E):(y=-y,w.data=y))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",p),a){var b=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var y=1,w=document.createTextNode(y);new a(E).observe(w,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||E()}));function E(){for(var e=0;e<d.length;e++)p(0,d[e]);d.length&&(d=[])}function T(e,t){return t}return n}var at,st={};try{at=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(st.console=!0,-1!==at.indexOf("dev")&&(st.dev=!0),-1!==at.indexOf("nr_dev")&&(st.nrDev=!0))}catch(e){}function ct(e){try{st.console&&ct(e)}catch(e){}}st.nrDev&&de.ee.on("internal-error",(function(e){ct(e.stack)})),st.dev&&de.ee.on("fn-err",(function(e,t,r){ct(r.stack)})),st.dev&&(ct("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),ct("flags: "+(0,O.D)(st,(function(e,t){return e})).join(", ")));var ut=i(8322);function ft(e,t){!function(e,t){if(t.has(e))throw new TypeError("Cannot initialize the same private elements twice on an object")}(e,t),t.add(e)}var dt=new WeakSet;class lt extends m{constructor(r,n){var i;let o=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,ut.t,o),i=this,ft(this,dt),this.skipNext=0,this.origOnerror=g._A.onerror;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}const a=this;a.ee.on("fn-start",(function(e,t,r){a.abortHandler&&(a.skipNext+=1)})),a.ee.on("fn-err",(function(e,t,r){a.abortHandler&&!r[ut.A]&&((0,fe.X)(r,ut.A,(function(){return!0})),this.thrown=!0,gt(r,void 0,a.ee))})),a.ee.on("fn-end",(function(){a.abortHandler&&!this.thrown&&a.skipNext>0&&(a.skipNext-=1)})),a.ee.on("internal-error",(function(t){(0,c.p)("ierr",[t,(0,u.zO)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,a.ee)})),g._A.onerror=function(){return i.origOnerror&&i.origOnerror(...arguments),i.onerrorHandler(...arguments),!1},g._A.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(t=>{const r=function(e){let t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(e instanceof Error)try{return e.message=t+e.message,e}catch(t){return e}if(void 0===e)return new Error(t);try{return new Error(t+JSON.stringify(e))}catch(e){return new Error(t)}}(t.reason);(0,c.p)("err",[r,(0,u.zO)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1}],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}),(0,R.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),Be(this.ee),He(this.ee),tt(this.ee),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&ot(this.ee),this.abortHandler=function(e,t,r){if(!t.has(e))throw new TypeError("attempted to get private field on non-instance");return r}(this,dt,ht),this.importAggregator()}onerrorHandler(t,r,n,i,o){try{this.skipNext?this.skipNext-=1:gt(o||new pt(t,r,n),!0,this.ee)}catch(t){try{(0,c.p)("ierr",[t,(0,u.zO)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(e){}}return"function"==typeof this.origOnerror&&this.origOnerror.apply(this,he()(arguments))}}function ht(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}function pt(e,t,r){this.message=e||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r}function gt(t,r,n){var i=r?null:(0,u.zO)();(0,c.p)("err",[t,i],void 0,e.D.jserrors,n)}!function(e,t,r){(t=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r}(lt,"featureName",ut.t);var vt=1,mt="nr@id";function bt(e){var t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===g._A?0:(0,fe.X)(e,mt,(function(){return vt++}))}var yt=i(9071);function wt(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return JSON.stringify(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var Et=i(6368);class Tt{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.generateTracePayload=this.generateTracePayload.bind(this),this.shouldGenerateTrace=this.shouldGenerateTrace.bind(this)}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var r=(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!r)return null;var n=(r.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(r.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(r.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,N.M)(),s=(0,N.Ht)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof g._A?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa(JSON.stringify(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var r=!1,n={};if((0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(n=(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)r=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var i=0;i<n.allowed_origins.length;i++){var o=(0,Et.e)(n.allowed_origins[i]);if(e.hostname===o.hostname&&e.protocol===o.protocol&&e.port===o.port){r=!0;break}}return r}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var At=i(8675);var Ot=["load","error","abort","timeout"],xt=Ot.length,_t=t.Yu.REQ,St=g._A.XMLHttpRequest;class jt extends m{constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,At.t,i),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(this.dt=new Tt(r),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,c.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee),Pe(this.ee),ot(this.ee),function(r,n,i,o){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=A,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){x(t,e)}),(0,R.m$)(!1)),yt.I||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,R.m$)(!1))}function s(e){this.params={method:e[0]},O(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function c(e,n){var i=(0,t.DL)(r);"xpid"in i&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",i.xpid);var a=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(a){var s=!1;a.newrelicHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("newrelic",a.newrelicHeader),s=!0),a.traceContextParentHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("traceparent",a.traceContextParentHeader),a.traceContextStateHeader&&n.setRequestHeader("tracestate",a.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=a)}}function f(e,t){var r=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(r&&i){var a=wt(i);a&&(r.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,u.zO)(),this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(t)}catch(e){try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<xt;s++)t.addEventListener(Ot[s],this.listener,(0,R.m$)(!1))}function d(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function l(e,t){var r=""+bt(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function h(e,t){var r=""+bt(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function p(){this.endTime=(0,u.zO)()}function v(e,t){t instanceof St&&"load"===e[0]&&n.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],t)}function m(e,t){t instanceof St&&"load"===e[0]&&n.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],t)}function b(e,t,r){t instanceof St&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,u.zO)()))}function y(e,t){this.xhrCbStart&&n.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,u.zO)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,t],t)}function w(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};"string"==typeof e[0]?t=e[0]:e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:g._A?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL&&(t=e[0].href),t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,Et.e)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var n=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(n&&(n.newrelicHeader||n.traceContextParentHeader))if("string"==typeof e[0]||g._A?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL){var i={};for(var a in r)i[a]=r[a];i.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(i.headers,n)&&(this.dt=n),e.length>1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}else e[0]&&e[0].headers&&s(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function E(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,u.zO)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof _t?r=i.url:g._A?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),O(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof _t&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.txSize=wt(n.body)||0}function T(t,r){var n;this.endTime=(0,u.zO)(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=r?r.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var o={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,u.zO)()-this.startTime};i("xhr",[this.params,o,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,e.D.ajax)}function A(t){var r=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var o=0;o<xt;o++)t.removeEventListener(Ot[o],this.listener,!1);r.aborted||(n.duration=(0,u.zO)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==t.readyState?null==r.status&&(r.status=0):x(this,t),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,i("xhr",[r,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,e.D.ajax))}}function O(e,t){var r=(0,Et.e)(t),n=e.params;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}function x(e,t){e.params.status=t.status;var r=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?wt(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?wt(e.responseText):void 0}(t,e.lastSize);if(r&&(e.metrics.rxSize=r),e.sameOrigin){var n=t.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");n&&(e.params.cat=n.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}n.on("new-xhr",a),n.on("open-xhr-start",s),n.on("open-xhr-end",c),n.on("send-xhr-start",f),n.on("xhr-cb-time",d),n.on("xhr-load-added",l),n.on("xhr-load-removed",h),n.on("xhr-resolved",p),n.on("addEventListener-end",v),n.on("removeEventListener-end",m),n.on("fn-end",y),n.on("fetch-before-start",w),n.on("fetch-start",E),n.on("fn-start",b),n.on("fetch-done",T)}(r,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator())}}!function(e,t,r){(t=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r}(jt,"featureName",At.t);var Pt=i(6408),Dt=i(2628);function Nt(e,t){!function(e,t){if(t.has(e))throw new TypeError("Cannot initialize the same private elements twice on an object")}(e,t),t.add(e)}const{BST_RESOURCE:Ct,BST_TIMER:It,END:Rt,FEATURE_NAME:kt,FN_END:Lt,FN_START:Ht,ADD_EVENT_LISTENER:zt,PUSH_STATE:Mt,RESOURCE:Bt,RESOURCE_TIMING_BUFFER_FULL:Ft,START:Ut,ORIG_EVENT:Vt}=Dt,Wt="clearResourceTimings";var qt=new WeakSet;class Gt extends m{constructor(t,r){if(super(t,r,kt,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),Nt(this,qt),!g.il)return;const n=this.ee;this.timerEE=He(n),this.rafEE=Be(n),Ve(n),tt(n),n.on(Ht,(function(e,t){e[0]instanceof Vt&&(this.bstStart=(0,u.zO)())})),n.on(Lt,(function(t,r){var i=t[0];i instanceof Vt&&(0,c.p)("bst",[i,r,this.bstStart,(0,u.zO)()],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),this.timerEE.on(Ht,(function(e,t,r){this.bstStart=(0,u.zO)(),this.bstType=r})),this.timerEE.on(Lt,(function(t,r){(0,c.p)(It,[r,this.bstStart,(0,u.zO)(),this.bstType],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),this.rafEE.on(Ht,(function(){this.bstStart=(0,u.zO)()})),this.rafEE.on(Lt,(function(t,r){(0,c.p)(It,[r,this.bstStart,(0,u.zO)(),"requestAnimationFrame"],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),n.on(Mt+Ut,(function(e){this.time=(0,u.zO)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),n.on(Mt+Rt,(function(t){(0,c.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),(0,Pt.W)()?((0,c.p)(Ct,[window.performance.getEntriesByType("resource")],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n),function(){var t=new PerformanceObserver(((t,r)=>{var i=t.getEntries();(0,c.p)(Ct,[i],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)}));try{t.observe({entryTypes:["resource"]})}catch(e){}}()):window.performance[Wt]&&window.performance[zt]&&window.performance.addEventListener(Ft,this.onResourceTimingBufferFull,(0,R.m$)(!1)),document.addEventListener("scroll",this.noOp,(0,R.m$)(!1)),document.addEventListener("keypress",this.noOp,(0,R.m$)(!1)),document.addEventListener("click",this.noOp,(0,R.m$)(!1)),this.abortHandler=function(e,t,r){if(!t.has(e))throw new TypeError("attempted to get private field on non-instance");return r}(this,qt,Xt),this.importAggregator()}noOp(e){}onResourceTimingBufferFull(t){if((0,c.p)(Ct,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(Bt)],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,this.ee),window.performance[Wt])try{window.performance.removeEventListener(Ft,this.onResourceTimingBufferFull,!1)}catch(e){}}}function Xt(){window.performance.removeEventListener(Ft,this.onResourceTimingBufferFull,!1),this.abortHandler=void 0}!function(e,t,r){(t=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r}(Gt,"featureName",kt);var $t=i(755);function Zt(e,t){!function(e,t){if(t.has(e))throw new TypeError("Cannot initialize the same private elements twice on an object")}(e,t),t.add(e)}const{FEATURE_NAME:Yt,START:Qt,END:Jt,BODY:Kt,CB_END:er,JS_TIME:tr,FETCH:rr,FN_START:nr,CB_START:ir,FN_END:or}=$t;var ar=new WeakSet;class sr extends m{constructor(e,r){if(super(e,r,Yt,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),Zt(this,ar),!g.il)return;if(!(0,t.OP)(e).xhrWrappable)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let n,i=0;const o=this.ee.get("tracer"),a=Ge(this.ee),s=Ye(this.ee),c=He(this.ee),f=ot(this.ee),d=this.ee.get("events"),l=Pe(this.ee),h=Ve(this.ee),p=$e(this.ee);function v(e,t){h.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function m(){i++,n=window.location.hash,this[nr]=(0,u.zO)()}function b(){i--,window.location.hash!==n&&v(0,!0);var e=(0,u.zO)();this[tr]=~~this[tr]+e-this[nr],this[or]=e}function y(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,u.zO)()}))}this.ee.on(nr,m),s.on(ir,m),a.on(ir,m),this.ee.on(or,b),s.on(er,b),a.on(er,b),this.ee.buffer([nr,or,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),d.buffer([nr],this.featureName),c.buffer(["setTimeout"+Jt,"clearTimeout"+Qt,nr],this.featureName),f.buffer([nr,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Qt],this.featureName),l.buffer([rr+Qt,rr+"-done",rr+Kt+Qt,rr+Kt+Jt],this.featureName),h.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),p.buffer([nr],this.featureName),s.buffer(["propagate",ir,er,"executor-err","resolve"+Qt],this.featureName),o.buffer([nr,"no-"+nr],this.featureName),a.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),y(l,rr+Qt),y(l,rr+"-done"),y(a,"new-jsonp"),y(a,"jsonp-end"),y(a,"cb-start"),h.on("pushState-end",v),h.on("replaceState-end",v),window.addEventListener("hashchange",v,(0,R.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",v,(0,R.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){v(0,i>1)}),(0,R.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=function(e,t,r){if(!t.has(e))throw new TypeError("attempted to get private field on non-instance");return r}(this,ar,cr),this.importAggregator()}}function cr(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}!function(e,t,r){(t=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r}(sr,"featureName",Yt);var ur=i(6486);class fr extends m{constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,ur.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}!function(e,t,r){(t=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r}(fr,"featureName",ur.t),new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,N.ky)(16);this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new x({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(T),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=Array.from(this.desiredFeatures);i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const e=(0,s.Z)(t.featureName),n=e.every((e=>r[e]));n||(0,v.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat(JSON.stringify(e),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,D.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,v.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,D.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[jt,T,ne,Gt,ue,fr,lt,sr],loaderType:"spa"})})(),window.NRBA=o})(); </script><meta property="og:locale" content="en"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:title" content="Elsevier | An Information Analytics Business"/><meta property="og:description" content="Elsevier is a global information analytics company that helps institutions and professionals progress science, advance healthcare and improve performance"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.elsevier.com"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="www.elsevier.com"/><meta property="og:image" content="/images/e-solid-background.png"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="/images/e-solid-background.png"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Elsevier is a global information analytics company that helps institutions and professionals progress science, advance healthcare and improve performance"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ElsevierConnect"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Elsevier | An Information Analytics Business"/><title>Elsevier | An Information Analytics Business</title><meta name="description" content="Elsevier is a global information analytics company that helps institutions and professionals progress science, advance healthcare and improve performance"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.elsevier.com"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="en" href="https://www.elsevier.com"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="en-in" href="https://www.elsevier.com/en-in"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="zh-tw" href="https://www.elsevier.com/zh-tw"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="en-gb" href="https://www.elsevier.com/en-gb"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="es-es" href="https://www.elsevier.com/es-es"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="de-de" href="https://www.elsevier.com/de-de"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="pt-br" href="https://www.elsevier.com/pt-br"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="ko-kr" href="https://www.elsevier.com/ko-kr"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="fr-fr" href="https://www.elsevier.com/fr-fr"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="en-au" href="https://www.elsevier.com/en-au"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="x-default" href="https://www.elsevier.com"/><meta name="next-head-count" content="39"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/b93209264a2da52b.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/b93209264a2da52b.css" data-n-g=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/35dfadeefae4879b.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/35dfadeefae4879b.css" data-n-p=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script defer="" nomodule="" src="/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-42372ed130431b0a.js"></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-1b3ee2504b298c56.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/framework-6d28727e634f0245.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/main-7fe6c17629adda72.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-404800aa707becf8.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/2d3fb9f9-72a21b6e15f39092.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/137-fa09ebcbb6fc8e04.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/983-d7f62681771d33d5.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/938-ca392c1911c21e4c.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/106-16d0f380986412bc.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/847-cf2eccbb3dd9c555.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/index-4ab451fffadacd15.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/B5WI_twWzmKXemvWdPOGI/_buildManifest.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/B5WI_twWzmKXemvWdPOGI/_ssgManifest.js" defer=""></script></head><body class="_99wljg2e _99wljg4b"><div id="__next"><a id="top"></a><a class="_1gzv7750 _16jmeqb8w _16jmeqb54 _16jmeqb2w _16jmeqb6o _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb182 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqb19y _16jmeqb15g" href="#main-content" data-testid="skip-to-content"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="xs">Skip to main content</span></a><div class="s2iygv0 _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb158"><div class="_1i1ov3x0"><div class="_1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:var(--_99wljge)"><div class=""><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Unfortunately we don't fully support your browser. If you have the option to, please upgrade to a newer version or use <a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-GB/firefox"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Mozilla Firefox</span></a>, <a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/edge"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Microsoft Edge</span></a>, <a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://www.google.co.uk/chrome"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Google Chrome</span></a>, or Safari 14 or newer. If you are unable to, and need support, please <a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://www.elsevier.com/support"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">send us your feedback</span></a>.</p></div></div></div><div class="s2iygv2 _16jmeqbx8"><div class="_99wljg4c _16jmeqb2w _16jmeqb6o _16jmeqb19i"><div class="_1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:initial"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="xs"><span class="hqljl00">We'd appreciate your feedback.</span><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://survey.alchemer.eu/s3/90475606/NextGen-Health?page=/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Tell us what you think!<span class="_13sjisp0"> opens in new tab/window</span></span></a></p></div></div><header class="bn9oyv1 _16jmeqb19i _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb1i6"><div class="_1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:initial"><div class="_16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class="bn9oyv3 bn9oyv6 _16jmeqbi4 _16jmeqbih _16jmeqbiy _16jmeqbk0 _16jmeqbkd _16jmeqbku _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb18z _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqbrs" href="/" data-testid="health-homepage-link"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><img class="bn9oyv0 popcxs1 popcxs3" src="/images/elsevier-logo.svg" alt="Elsevier" width="171" height="48" srcSet="/images/elsevier-logo.svg 1x, /images/elsevier-logo.svg 2x" decoding="async" loading="eager"/></span></a><div class="bn9oyv3 bn9oyv4 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class="bn9oyv8 _1xba53u1"><nav aria-label="Main site navigation"><ul class="_16jmeqbis _16jmeqbko _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><li class=""><div class="_16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class=""><a class="_1b7jex52 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/academic-and-government" rel="nofollow"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Academic & Government</span></a><button class="_1b7jex53 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb18z" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="multi-collapsible-" data-testid="desktop-main-nav-button"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="sm">Academic & Government</span></button></div></div></li><li class=""><div class="_16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class=""><a class="_1b7jex52 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/health" rel="nofollow"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Health</span></a><button class="_1b7jex53 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb18z" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="multi-collapsible-" data-testid="desktop-main-nav-button"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="sm">Health</span></button></div></div></li><li class=""><div class="_16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class=""><a class="_1b7jex52 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/industry" rel="nofollow"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Industry</span></a><button class="_1b7jex53 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb18z" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="multi-collapsible-" data-testid="desktop-main-nav-button"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="sm">Industry</span></button></div></div></li><li class=""><div class="_16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class=""><a class="_1b7jex52 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/connect" rel="nofollow"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Elsevier Connect</span></a><button class="_1b7jex53 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb18z" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="multi-collapsible-" data-testid="desktop-main-nav-button"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="sm">Insights</span></button></div></div></li><li class=""><div class="_16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class=""><a class="_1b7jex52 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/about" rel="nofollow"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">About</span></a><button class="_1b7jex53 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb18z" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="multi-collapsible-" data-testid="desktop-main-nav-button"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="sm">About</span></button></div></div></li><li class=""><div class="_16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class=""><a class="_1b7jex52 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/support" rel="nofollow"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Customer support</span></a><button class="_1b7jex53 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb18z" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="multi-collapsible-" data-testid="desktop-main-nav-button"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="sm">Support</span></button></div></div></li></ul></nav></div><a class="_1d3he28a _16jmeqbts _16jmeqbuk _16jmeqbvc _16jmeqbw4 _16jmeqb1o _16jmeqbo _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1cm _16jmeqb1cr _16jmeqb1cw _16jmeqb1d1 _16jmeqb1f8 _1d3he285 _16jmeqb8k _16jmeqb8q _16jmeqb4s _16jmeqb4y _16jmeqb2w _16jmeqb6o _16jmeqb182 _16jmeqb18c _16jmeqb18h _16jmeqb19y _16jmeqb1ad _16jmeqb1d1 bn9oyv5 button _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb28" href="/researcher/author/publish-with-us" data-testid="publish-with-us"><div class="_1d3he282"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Publish with us</span></span></div></a><div class="_16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqbs _16jmeqbg4"><button class="_1d3he28a _16jmeqbts _16jmeqbuk _16jmeqbvc _16jmeqbw4 _16jmeqb1o _16jmeqbo _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1cm _16jmeqb1cr _16jmeqb1cw _16jmeqb1d1 _16jmeqb1f8 _1d3he289 _16jmeqb2s _16jmeqb4o _16jmeqb6k _16jmeqb8g _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb187 _16jmeqb18h _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb28" data-testid="search-button"><div class="_1d3he282"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd4 nddnvd5 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m16.355 15.035 4.935 4.935-1.318 1.319-4.935-4.936a7.596 7.596 0 0 1-4.712 1.628 7.61 7.61 0 0 1-5.415-2.243 7.603 7.603 0 0 1-2.244-5.415c0-2.045.797-3.969 2.244-5.414a7.61 7.61 0 0 1 5.415-2.243c2.046 0 3.968.797 5.415 2.243a7.61 7.61 0 0 1 2.243 5.414c0 1.731-.576 3.372-1.628 4.712ZM4.532 10.323c0 1.547.602 3.002 1.697 4.097a5.76 5.76 0 0 0 4.096 1.697 5.756 5.756 0 0 0 4.095-1.697 5.755 5.755 0 0 0 1.697-4.097 5.755 5.755 0 0 0-1.697-4.096 5.756 5.756 0 0 0-4.095-1.697A5.76 5.76 0 0 0 6.23 6.227a5.755 5.755 0 0 0-1.697 4.096Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><span class="_13sjisp0">Open Search</span></div></button><div class="_16jmeqb15k"><button class="_1d3he28a _16jmeqbts _16jmeqbuk _16jmeqbvc _16jmeqbw4 _16jmeqb1o _16jmeqbo _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1cm _16jmeqb1cr _16jmeqb1cw _16jmeqb1d1 _16jmeqb1f8 _1d3he289 _16jmeqb2s _16jmeqb4o _16jmeqb6k _16jmeqb8g _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb187 _16jmeqb18h _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb28 _16jmeqb176" data-testid="region-switcher-header" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="multi-collapsible-"><div class="_1d3he282"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd4 nddnvd5 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.995 21.375h-.002a9.551 9.551 0 0 1-9.556-9.556c0-2.552.994-4.953 2.8-6.758a9.491 9.491 0 0 1 6.756-2.795c-.463 0 3.563-.397 6.758 2.799 6.046 6.045 1.671 16.31-6.756 16.31Zm-4.291-8.626h-3.33c.345 2.998 2.214 5.135 4.646 6.156-.865-1.795-1.235-4.282-1.316-6.156Zm2.777 4.821c-.51-1.302-.821-2.947-.9-4.82h4.826c-.19 4.496-1.607 6.75-2.413 6.75-.636 0-1.28-1.337-1.513-1.93Zm4.486 1.335Zm0 0c.865-1.795 1.235-4.282 1.317-6.156h3.329c-.346 2.998-2.216 5.137-4.646 6.156Zm.004-14.167-.004-.008a7.78 7.78 0 0 1 4.078 4.039.02.02 0 0 0-.005 0l-.006.002c.296.672.491 1.384.579 2.112h-3.33c-.057-1.498-.248-2.786-.554-3.988a6.141 6.141 0 0 0-2.339-1.1c.663 1.526.944 3.59 1.017 5.088H9.58c.19-4.496 1.616-6.746 2.414-6.746.796 0 2.026.2 2.977.6Zm-5.952-.002Zm-1.316 6.147c.082-1.873.452-4.352 1.316-6.147-2.428 1.019-4.3 3.15-4.645 6.147h3.33Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><span class="_13sjisp0">Location Selector</span></div></button></div></div><div class="bn9oyv8 _1xba53u0"><div class=""><button class="_1d3he28a _16jmeqbts _16jmeqbuk _16jmeqbvc _16jmeqbw4 _16jmeqb1o _16jmeqbo _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1cm _16jmeqb1cr _16jmeqb1cw _16jmeqb1d1 _16jmeqb1f8 _1d3he289 _16jmeqb2s _16jmeqb4o _16jmeqb6k _16jmeqb8g _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb187 _16jmeqb18h xwe9il1 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb28 _16jmeqb176" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-navigation-menu-items" data-testid="menu-button"><div class="_1d3he282"><svg fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd4 nddnvd5 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 7h14v1.5H5V7Zm0 4.5h14V13H5v-1.5ZM19 16H5v1.5h14V16Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><span class="_13sjisp0">Show Menu</span></div></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></header></div><main class="s2iygv1 _16jmeqbx8" id="main-content"><div class="_1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88 _16jmeqbj4 _16jmeqbj9 _16jmeqbjm" style="--_1kbq9x80:var(--_99wljge)"><div class="_166ug2a0"><div class="_14uwwwl1 _99wljg4c _16jmeqb38 _16jmeqb3h _16jmeqb3u _16jmeqb70 _16jmeqb7l _16jmeqb7m _16jmeqb158"><picture class="_16jmeqb16g"><source width="1440" height="832" media="(min-width: 650px)" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/ZrvEoqhJGDwTNZ3h91tcP/d8ca36316f7a520f9ac977137c2c1c87/header-background-desktop.webp?fm=webp&w=640&q=25 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/ZrvEoqhJGDwTNZ3h91tcP/d8ca36316f7a520f9ac977137c2c1c87/header-background-desktop.webp?fm=webp&w=750&q=25 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/ZrvEoqhJGDwTNZ3h91tcP/d8ca36316f7a520f9ac977137c2c1c87/header-background-desktop.webp?fm=webp&w=828&q=25 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/ZrvEoqhJGDwTNZ3h91tcP/d8ca36316f7a520f9ac977137c2c1c87/header-background-desktop.webp?fm=webp&w=1080&q=25 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/ZrvEoqhJGDwTNZ3h91tcP/d8ca36316f7a520f9ac977137c2c1c87/header-background-desktop.webp?fm=webp&w=1200&q=25 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/ZrvEoqhJGDwTNZ3h91tcP/d8ca36316f7a520f9ac977137c2c1c87/header-background-desktop.webp?fm=webp&w=1920&q=25 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/ZrvEoqhJGDwTNZ3h91tcP/d8ca36316f7a520f9ac977137c2c1c87/header-background-desktop.webp?fm=webp&w=2048&q=25 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/ZrvEoqhJGDwTNZ3h91tcP/d8ca36316f7a520f9ac977137c2c1c87/header-background-desktop.webp?fm=webp&w=3840&q=25 3840w" sizes="100vw"/><img class="_14uwwwl5 popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb15c" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/73rJ7ExSCz3noeh3iRub06/88e18cbfb179ed1a95f7d6ee9a781bec/header-background-mobile.webp?fm=webp&w=375&q=25" alt="" width="375" height="832" sizes="100vw" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/73rJ7ExSCz3noeh3iRub06/88e18cbfb179ed1a95f7d6ee9a781bec/header-background-mobile.webp?fm=webp&w=640&q=25 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/73rJ7ExSCz3noeh3iRub06/88e18cbfb179ed1a95f7d6ee9a781bec/header-background-mobile.webp?fm=webp&w=750&q=25 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/73rJ7ExSCz3noeh3iRub06/88e18cbfb179ed1a95f7d6ee9a781bec/header-background-mobile.webp?fm=webp&w=828&q=25 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/73rJ7ExSCz3noeh3iRub06/88e18cbfb179ed1a95f7d6ee9a781bec/header-background-mobile.webp?fm=webp&w=1080&q=25 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/73rJ7ExSCz3noeh3iRub06/88e18cbfb179ed1a95f7d6ee9a781bec/header-background-mobile.webp?fm=webp&w=1200&q=25 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/73rJ7ExSCz3noeh3iRub06/88e18cbfb179ed1a95f7d6ee9a781bec/header-background-mobile.webp?fm=webp&w=1920&q=25 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/73rJ7ExSCz3noeh3iRub06/88e18cbfb179ed1a95f7d6ee9a781bec/header-background-mobile.webp?fm=webp&w=2048&q=25 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/73rJ7ExSCz3noeh3iRub06/88e18cbfb179ed1a95f7d6ee9a781bec/header-background-mobile.webp?fm=webp&w=3840&q=25 3840w" decoding="async" loading="eager"/></picture><div class="_1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:var(--_99wljge)"><div class="_166ug2a0"><div class="_1u13v720" style="grid-template-columns:repeat(12, 1fr)"><div class="_14uwwwl2 _16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbmj"><div class="_14uwwwl3 _16jmeqbio _16jmeqbkk _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4"><h1 class="_14uwwwl4 m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsw _16jmeqbti _16jmeqb16j _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="1"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">For the benefit </p><p class="_14uwwwl0 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">of society</p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"></p></h1><div class="_16jmeqbiw _16jmeqbks _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><p class="_14uwwwl9 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">We help researchers and healthcare professionals advance science and improve healthcare outcomes.</p></div></div></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbmj _16jmeqb16i" data-aa-region="aa-carousel"><div class="_16jmeqbx8"><ul class="_1bxw8d1 _16jmeqbio _16jmeqbkk _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb0 _16jmeqb16i _16jmeqb2o _16jmeqb6g ai57zl0"><li class="_1bxw8d2 ai57zl3"><div class="ai57zl2" data-testid="carousel-card"><div class="_1jaocs40"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq8 _1aeekoq2 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 _1aeekoqd _1aeekoqe _99wljg4c _16jmeqb8w _16jmeqb91 _16jmeqb54 _16jmeqb59 _16jmeqbu0 _16jmeqbu5 _16jmeqbus _16jmeqbux _16jmeqbvk _16jmeqbvp _16jmeqbwc _16jmeqbwh _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb38 _16jmeqb3d"><div class="_1aeekoqq _16jmeqbu4 _16jmeqbuw _16jmeqbvo _16jmeqbwg _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb15c _16jmeqb16g"><img class="_1aeekoqr popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/5sMXHpS4jRbMmMIq2LO9Rp/4713c27b427fed68212132d9b856b7ad/Carousel-ClinicalKey-AI-Content.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75" alt="Clinician using ClinicalKey AI on a device" width="450" height="600" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/5sMXHpS4jRbMmMIq2LO9Rp/4713c27b427fed68212132d9b856b7ad/Carousel-ClinicalKey-AI-Content.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/5sMXHpS4jRbMmMIq2LO9Rp/4713c27b427fed68212132d9b856b7ad/Carousel-ClinicalKey-AI-Content.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75 2x" decoding="async" loading="eager"/></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><img class="popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/67aqqvkAtQrTLhnxaJuIAx/bd1f6518f352b969c12f19e89f1ec4cb/ClinicalKey-AI-Content-title.svg" alt="ClinicalKey-AI-Content-title" width="348" height="169" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/67aqqvkAtQrTLhnxaJuIAx/bd1f6518f352b969c12f19e89f1ec4cb/ClinicalKey-AI-Content-title.svg 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/67aqqvkAtQrTLhnxaJuIAx/bd1f6518f352b969c12f19e89f1ec4cb/ClinicalKey-AI-Content-title.svg 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16m _16jmeqbn8" data-text-size="sm"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbid _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqbk9 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"></div></div><a class="_1jaocs41 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqbn8" href="https://subscriptions.elsevier.com/clinicalkey-ai?utm_campaign=D2C+CKAI+Product+Launch2227NA240023NA&utm_source=ECOM_NA&utm_medium=DG&utm_content=&campid=2227NA240023&dgcid=HS_NA_D2C+CKAI+Product+Launch_2227NA240023_ECOM_DG_CS" rel="noopener" target="_blank" data-aa-name="Trial ClinicalKey AI now"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="sm">Trial ClinicalKey AI now<span class="_13sjisp0"> opens in new tab/window</span></span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd2 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div></article></div></div></li><li class="_1bxw8d2 ai57zl3"><div class="ai57zl2" data-testid="carousel-card"><div class="_1jaocs40"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq8 _1aeekoq2 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 _1aeekoqd _1aeekoqe _99wljg4c _16jmeqb8w _16jmeqb91 _16jmeqb54 _16jmeqb59 _16jmeqbu0 _16jmeqbu5 _16jmeqbus _16jmeqbux _16jmeqbvk _16jmeqbvp _16jmeqbwc _16jmeqbwh _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb38 _16jmeqb3d"><div class="_1aeekoqq _16jmeqbu4 _16jmeqbuw _16jmeqbvo _16jmeqbwg _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb15c _16jmeqb16g"><img class="_1aeekoqr popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2nEiGMm8YdkZ4BsfBSm5VE/e6b70fed739a0833e8986dd9ba497bc4/Carousel-Sherpath-AI-Enhanced-Ed.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75" alt="Smiling nurse with stethoscope" width="450" height="600" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2nEiGMm8YdkZ4BsfBSm5VE/e6b70fed739a0833e8986dd9ba497bc4/Carousel-Sherpath-AI-Enhanced-Ed.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2nEiGMm8YdkZ4BsfBSm5VE/e6b70fed739a0833e8986dd9ba497bc4/Carousel-Sherpath-AI-Enhanced-Ed.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><img class="popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/DHX01wvkj3YnrqxelWozT/9c604bf54013cde2537caa7634870077/Sherpath-AI-Enhanced-Ed-title.svg" alt="Sherpath AI carousel title" width="348" height="170" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/DHX01wvkj3YnrqxelWozT/9c604bf54013cde2537caa7634870077/Sherpath-AI-Enhanced-Ed-title.svg 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/DHX01wvkj3YnrqxelWozT/9c604bf54013cde2537caa7634870077/Sherpath-AI-Enhanced-Ed-title.svg 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16m _16jmeqbn8" data-text-size="sm"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbid _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqbk9 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"></div></div><a class="_1jaocs41 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqbn8" href="/products/sherpath/sherpath-ai" data-aa-name="Discover personalized learning"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="sm">Discover personalized learning</span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd2 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div></article></div></div></li><li class="_1bxw8d2 ai57zl3"><div class="ai57zl2" data-testid="carousel-card"><div class="_1jaocs40"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq8 _1aeekoq2 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 _1aeekoqd _1aeekoqe _99wljg4c _16jmeqb8w _16jmeqb91 _16jmeqb54 _16jmeqb59 _16jmeqbu0 _16jmeqbu5 _16jmeqbus _16jmeqbux _16jmeqbvk _16jmeqbvp _16jmeqbwc _16jmeqbwh _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb38 _16jmeqb3d"><div class="_1aeekoqq _16jmeqbu4 _16jmeqbuw _16jmeqbvo _16jmeqbwg _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb15c _16jmeqb16g"><img class="_1aeekoqr popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2CkWVfsi7X36BdaDVr1zsG/e35b710972d432378d8bcded666e3fe0/Carousel-Diversity-at-Elsevier-Inclusion.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75" alt="Two diverse employees standing together " width="450" height="600" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2CkWVfsi7X36BdaDVr1zsG/e35b710972d432378d8bcded666e3fe0/Carousel-Diversity-at-Elsevier-Inclusion.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2CkWVfsi7X36BdaDVr1zsG/e35b710972d432378d8bcded666e3fe0/Carousel-Diversity-at-Elsevier-Inclusion.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><img class="popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/7hI98msrGy7jhxP54aZwt4/371fc9f40eced1b5a6ea5480681d9d70/Diversity-at-Elsevier-Inclusion-title.svg" alt="Diversity at Elsevier - The Power of Inclusion" width="349" height="170" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/7hI98msrGy7jhxP54aZwt4/371fc9f40eced1b5a6ea5480681d9d70/Diversity-at-Elsevier-Inclusion-title.svg 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/7hI98msrGy7jhxP54aZwt4/371fc9f40eced1b5a6ea5480681d9d70/Diversity-at-Elsevier-Inclusion-title.svg 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16m _16jmeqbn8" data-text-size="sm"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbid _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqbk9 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"></div></div><a class="_1jaocs41 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqbn8" href="https://diversityat.elsevier.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" data-aa-name="Discover our inclusive culture"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="sm">Discover our inclusive culture<span class="_13sjisp0"> opens in new tab/window</span></span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd2 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div></article></div></div></li><li class="_1bxw8d2 ai57zl3"><div class="ai57zl2" data-testid="carousel-card"><div class="_1jaocs40"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq8 _1aeekoq2 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 _1aeekoqd _1aeekoqe _99wljg4c _16jmeqb8w _16jmeqb91 _16jmeqb54 _16jmeqb59 _16jmeqbu0 _16jmeqbu5 _16jmeqbus _16jmeqbux _16jmeqbvk _16jmeqbvp _16jmeqbwc _16jmeqbwh _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb38 _16jmeqb3d"><div class="_1aeekoqq _16jmeqbu4 _16jmeqbuw _16jmeqbvo _16jmeqbwg _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb15c _16jmeqb16g"><img class="_1aeekoqr popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/1xquYc65360gT8CeVvz50w/4476ebce95fd6936d159066929485c9b/Carousel-Attitudes-Toward-AI.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75" alt="Researcher looking at colorful graphic on large screen while holding a device" width="450" height="600" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/1xquYc65360gT8CeVvz50w/4476ebce95fd6936d159066929485c9b/Carousel-Attitudes-Toward-AI.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/1xquYc65360gT8CeVvz50w/4476ebce95fd6936d159066929485c9b/Carousel-Attitudes-Toward-AI.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><img class="popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/3Z1gBVOYvAOw53qPjDKgn6/59aa201e26f99535c9f7e933ab3b0f7c/Attitudes-Toward-AI-title.svg" alt="Attitudes-Toward-AI-title" width="348" height="170" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/3Z1gBVOYvAOw53qPjDKgn6/59aa201e26f99535c9f7e933ab3b0f7c/Attitudes-Toward-AI-title.svg 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/3Z1gBVOYvAOw53qPjDKgn6/59aa201e26f99535c9f7e933ab3b0f7c/Attitudes-Toward-AI-title.svg 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16m _16jmeqbn8" data-text-size="sm"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbid _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqbk9 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"></div></div><a class="_1jaocs41 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqbn8" href="/insights/attitudes-toward-ai" data-aa-name="Discover the insights"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="sm">Discover the insights</span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd2 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div></article></div></div></li><li class="_1bxw8d2 ai57zl3"><div class="ai57zl2" data-testid="carousel-card"><div class="_1jaocs40"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq8 _1aeekoq2 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 _1aeekoqd _1aeekoqe _99wljg4c _16jmeqb8w _16jmeqb91 _16jmeqb54 _16jmeqb59 _16jmeqbu0 _16jmeqbu5 _16jmeqbus _16jmeqbux _16jmeqbvk _16jmeqbvp _16jmeqbwc _16jmeqbwh _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb38 _16jmeqb3d"><div class="_1aeekoqq _16jmeqbu4 _16jmeqbuw _16jmeqbvo _16jmeqbwg _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb15c _16jmeqb16g"><img class="_1aeekoqr popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/5wzK4zvsNh7N88UnwVGyEd/0c6fe682fead8b46aa056fa37b61b9df/Carousel-OA-Building-Sustainability.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75" alt="Three colleagues reviewing documents" width="450" height="600" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/5wzK4zvsNh7N88UnwVGyEd/0c6fe682fead8b46aa056fa37b61b9df/Carousel-OA-Building-Sustainability.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/5wzK4zvsNh7N88UnwVGyEd/0c6fe682fead8b46aa056fa37b61b9df/Carousel-OA-Building-Sustainability.jpg?fm=webp&w=450&q=75 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><img class="popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/1e4v3YOGhuXVIFnysI2Poo/1a890eb45c1b97e00c7910f0c8a35ca0/OA-Building-Sustainability-title.svg" alt="Open Access: Building Sustainability" width="348" height="170" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/1e4v3YOGhuXVIFnysI2Poo/1a890eb45c1b97e00c7910f0c8a35ca0/OA-Building-Sustainability-title.svg 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/1e4v3YOGhuXVIFnysI2Poo/1a890eb45c1b97e00c7910f0c8a35ca0/OA-Building-Sustainability-title.svg 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16m _16jmeqbn8" data-text-size="sm"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbid _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqbk9 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"></div></div><a class="_1jaocs41 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqbn8" href="/open-access/transformative-case-studies" data-aa-name="Hear from library leaders"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="sm">Hear from library leaders</span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd2 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div></article></div></div></li></ul><div class="_16jmeqb20 _16jmeqb1i _16jmeqb24"><div class="_1bxw8d4 _16jmeqb15g _16jmeqb24 ai57zl1 _16jmeqbxc _1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:initial"><div class="_1bxw8d5 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class="_1bxw8d6"><button class="w17eg90 _16jmeqbu8 _16jmeqbv0 _16jmeqbvs _16jmeqbwk _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqbo _16jmeqb8 w17eg92 w17eg94 _1bxw8d8 _16jmeqb20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-testid="carousel-slide-button-left"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.125 11.438 15.563 3l1.312 1.313-7.125 7.125 7.125 7.124-1.313 1.313-8.437-8.438Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><span class="_13sjisp0">Slide</span></button></div><div class="_1bxw8d7"><button class="w17eg90 _16jmeqbu8 _16jmeqbv0 _16jmeqbvs _16jmeqbwk _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqbo _16jmeqb8 w17eg92 w17eg94 _1bxw8d8 _16jmeqb20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-testid="carousel-slide-button-right"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><span class="_13sjisp0">Slide</span></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="_16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb15g"><div class="_16jmeqb38 _16jmeqb3r _16jmeqb6o _16jmeqb71 _16jmeqb77"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="md">I want to...</p></div><div class="_14uwwwla _16jmeqb2w _16jmeqb2x _16jmeqb2y _16jmeqb6o _16jmeqb6p _16jmeqb6q"><div class="_14uwwwlb _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbil _16jmeqbiq _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqbkh _16jmeqbkm _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><div class="_14uwwwl8 _16jmeqbmh _16jmeqblz"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/researcher/author/publish-with-us" label="Publish with Elsevier" data-aa-region="aa-i-want-to" data-aa-name="Publish with Elsevier"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="_14uwwwl7 _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb4"><img class="_14uwwwl6 popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/6rW0QJoLHXXlihNjd2p8xH/6aa99c9a890f6c66e611bc25f2e07045/icon-publish.svg" alt="" width="48" height="48" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/6rW0QJoLHXXlihNjd2p8xH/6aa99c9a890f6c66e611bc25f2e07045/icon-publish.svg 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/6rW0QJoLHXXlihNjd2p8xH/6aa99c9a890f6c66e611bc25f2e07045/icon-publish.svg 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/>Publish with Elsevier</span></span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div><div class="_14uwwwl8 _16jmeqbmh _16jmeqblz"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com" rel="noopener" target="_blank" label="Find a journal article" data-aa-region="aa-i-want-to" data-aa-name="Find a journal article"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="_14uwwwl7 _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb4"><img class="_14uwwwl6 popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2xXJ4cjwb8VlmR3oBk1iXI/831fd8531a316936da537611c5f8c51a/icon-find-journal.svg" alt="" width="49" height="48" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2xXJ4cjwb8VlmR3oBk1iXI/831fd8531a316936da537611c5f8c51a/icon-find-journal.svg 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2xXJ4cjwb8VlmR3oBk1iXI/831fd8531a316936da537611c5f8c51a/icon-find-journal.svg 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/>Find a journal article</span></span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div><div class="_14uwwwl8 _16jmeqbmh _16jmeqblz"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/products" label="Discover products" data-aa-region="aa-i-want-to" data-aa-name="Discover products"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="_14uwwwl7 _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb4"><img class="_14uwwwl6 popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/4FWjwbNNXp7fEeR5oaEBqf/8691a9f766ce0788a0a4e38ba92b0c90/icon-discover-products.svg" alt="" width="48" height="48" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/4FWjwbNNXp7fEeR5oaEBqf/8691a9f766ce0788a0a4e38ba92b0c90/icon-discover-products.svg 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/4FWjwbNNXp7fEeR5oaEBqf/8691a9f766ce0788a0a4e38ba92b0c90/icon-discover-products.svg 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/>Discover products</span></span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div><div class="_14uwwwl8 _16jmeqbmh _16jmeqblz"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://shop.elsevier.com/search" rel="noopener" target="_blank" label="Shop books & journals" data-aa-region="aa-i-want-to" data-aa-name="Shop books & journals"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="_14uwwwl7 _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb4"><img class="_14uwwwl6 popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/4uYbKu0nDbjtBdwctcqMHT/78273731e863dac14235639238cdc8e2/icon-shop-books.svg" alt="" width="49" height="48" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/4uYbKu0nDbjtBdwctcqMHT/78273731e863dac14235639238cdc8e2/icon-shop-books.svg 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/4uYbKu0nDbjtBdwctcqMHT/78273731e863dac14235639238cdc8e2/icon-shop-books.svg 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/>Shop books & journals</span></span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div><div class="_14uwwwl8 _16jmeqbmh _16jmeqblz"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/about/careers" label="Find a job" data-aa-region="aa-i-want-to" data-aa-name="Find a job"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="_14uwwwl7 _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb4"><img class="_14uwwwl6 popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/5P70GacJvamuTGS8I2mKKS/1c3d968e6220685c9a0c9a488baf70d7/icon-find-job.svg" alt="" width="48" height="48" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/5P70GacJvamuTGS8I2mKKS/1c3d968e6220685c9a0c9a488baf70d7/icon-find-job.svg 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/5P70GacJvamuTGS8I2mKKS/1c3d968e6220685c9a0c9a488baf70d7/icon-find-job.svg 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/>Find a job</span></span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div></div><script data-testid="json-ld" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org/","@type":"Corporation","legalName":"Elsevier","description":"Elsevier helps researchers and healthcare professionals advance science and improve health outcomes for the benefit of society","url":"https://www.elsevier.com","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"/images/elsevier-logo.svg"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/ElsevierConnect/","https://twitter.com/ElsevierConnect","https://www.youtube.com/c/elsevier","https://www.linkedin.com/company/elsevier/"]}</script></div></div></div><div class="_14uwwwlc"></div></div></div><div class="_16jmeqbik _16jmeqbkg _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><h2 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbso _16jmeqbt2 _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="3">Products and services for informed decisions</h2><div class="_16jmeqbiy _16jmeqbit _16jmeqbis _16jmeqbku _16jmeqbkp _16jmeqbko _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><div class=" _1bkgapk0 _16jmeqbj2 _16jmeqbj1 _16jmeqbis _16jmeqbky _16jmeqbkx _16jmeqbko _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8" role="tablist"><button class="m7zneq1 _16jmeqb6g m7zneq3" role="tab" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="2wOyuafVmKqmBchYSnfLL9-panel-0" id="2wOyuafVmKqmBchYSnfLL9-tab-0"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsd _16jmeqbs8">Academic & Government</p></button><button class="m7zneq1 _16jmeqb6g m7zneq2" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="2wOyuafVmKqmBchYSnfLL9-panel-1" id="2wOyuafVmKqmBchYSnfLL9-tab-1"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsd _16jmeqbs8">Health</p></button><button class="m7zneq1 _16jmeqb6g m7zneq2" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="2wOyuafVmKqmBchYSnfLL9-panel-2" id="2wOyuafVmKqmBchYSnfLL9-tab-2"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsd _16jmeqbs8">Industry</p></button></div><div class="" id="2wOyuafVmKqmBchYSnfLL9-panel-0" role="tabpanel" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="2wOyuafVmKqmBchYSnfLL9-tab-0"><div class=""><article class=""><div class="_1u13v720 _16jmeqbi5 _16jmeqbio _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqbkh _16jmeqbkm" style="grid-template-columns:repeat(12, 1fr)"><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbn8 _16jmeqbq0 _16jmeqbp9"><div class="_16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="_16jmeqbik _16jmeqbkg _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><h3 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsk _16jmeqbsu _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="4">Advancing research for the benefit of society</h3><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><div class="_16jmeqbj0 _16jmeqbkw _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4"><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="md"><div class="_16jmeqbik _16jmeqbkg _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16v">To support researchers, librarians, research leaders and funders, we curate and enrich research with high-quality data and analytics and help customers address challenges at every stage of the research journey.</p><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16v">From researcher tools to research management and evaluation solutions, learn how we can help you improve productivity and amplify research impact.</p></div></div><a class="_1d3he28a _16jmeqbts _16jmeqbuk _16jmeqbvc _16jmeqbw4 _16jmeqb1o _16jmeqbo _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1cm _16jmeqb1cr _16jmeqb1cw _16jmeqb1d1 _16jmeqb1f8 _1d3he285 _16jmeqb8k _16jmeqb8q _16jmeqb4s _16jmeqb4y _16jmeqb2w _16jmeqb6o _16jmeqb182 _16jmeqb18c _16jmeqb18h _16jmeqb19y _16jmeqb1ad _16jmeqb1d1 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb28" href="/academic-and-government" data-aa-region="aa-products-and-services-for-informed-decisions" data-aa-name="Explore Academic & Government"><div class="_1d3he282"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Explore Academic & Government</span></span></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbn8 _16jmeqbnx _16jmeqbq0 _16jmeqbrl _16jmeqbrg _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb2c"><img class="popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/L6rj4ONvIh5OG43EOjwOd/6f08cc38e38d4f7c2a9d0f8fb6717538/academic-government.webp?fm=webp&w=580&q=75" alt="Explore Academic & Government" width="580" height="532" sizes="(min-width: 650px) 50vw, (min-width: 1024px) 690px, 100vw" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/L6rj4ONvIh5OG43EOjwOd/6f08cc38e38d4f7c2a9d0f8fb6717538/academic-government.webp?fm=webp&w=384&q=75 384w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/L6rj4ONvIh5OG43EOjwOd/6f08cc38e38d4f7c2a9d0f8fb6717538/academic-government.webp?fm=webp&w=640&q=75 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/L6rj4ONvIh5OG43EOjwOd/6f08cc38e38d4f7c2a9d0f8fb6717538/academic-government.webp?fm=webp&w=750&q=75 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/L6rj4ONvIh5OG43EOjwOd/6f08cc38e38d4f7c2a9d0f8fb6717538/academic-government.webp?fm=webp&w=828&q=75 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/L6rj4ONvIh5OG43EOjwOd/6f08cc38e38d4f7c2a9d0f8fb6717538/academic-government.webp?fm=webp&w=1080&q=75 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/L6rj4ONvIh5OG43EOjwOd/6f08cc38e38d4f7c2a9d0f8fb6717538/academic-government.webp?fm=webp&w=1200&q=75 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/L6rj4ONvIh5OG43EOjwOd/6f08cc38e38d4f7c2a9d0f8fb6717538/academic-government.webp?fm=webp&w=1920&q=75 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/L6rj4ONvIh5OG43EOjwOd/6f08cc38e38d4f7c2a9d0f8fb6717538/academic-government.webp?fm=webp&w=2048&q=75 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/L6rj4ONvIh5OG43EOjwOd/6f08cc38e38d4f7c2a9d0f8fb6717538/academic-government.webp?fm=webp&w=3840&q=75 3840w" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div></div></article></div></div></div></div><section class=""><h2 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbes _16jmeqbet _16jmeqbey _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbso _16jmeqbt2 _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="3">Insights for better outcomes</h2><div class="_1u13v720 _16jmeqbko _16jmeqbiw" style="grid-template-columns:repeat(12, 1fr)" data-aa-region="aa-insights-for-better-outcomes"><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbn8 _16jmeqbq0 _16jmeqbq1 _16jmeqbpi"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq9 _1aeekoq3 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 dkbulm2 _16jmeqb8w _16jmeqb54 _16jmeqb3c _16jmeqb3t _16jmeqb3u _16jmeqb74 _16jmeqb7l _16jmeqb7m _16jmeqbu4 _16jmeqbuw _16jmeqbvo _16jmeqbwg _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb16g _16jmeqb24 _99wljg4c _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="_1aeekoqk _1aeekoqm _1aeekoqo _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb15c"></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="dkbulm3 _16jmeqbio _16jmeqbkk _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb15g _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><h3 class="_16jmeqbsk _16jmeqbt1 _16jmeqbt2 m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsg _16jmeqbsm _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164 _16jmeqbn8" data-heading-level="5"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class="">Not Alone: Lessons in innovation</div></div></h3><div class="_16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqbsh _16jmeqbsi gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m _16jmeqbn8" data-text-size="sm"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbid _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqbk9 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0">Dr. Kristina Johnson shares insights from her journey in academia, research and entrepreneurship.</div></div><a class="_16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqbsh _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/connect/encouraging-innovation-and-commercialization-as-an-academic-leader" rel="nofollow" data-testid="main-content-highlight" data-aa-name="Learn more"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Learn more</span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div><picture class="_16jmeqbxc _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb24"><img class="dkbulm7 _16jmeqb173 _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb15c popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2XjAkTFoZISMtfUxRJDmck/6aec872b68871de3f609d9131200102d/Snippet-Not-Alone-University-Leader.jpg?fm=webp&w=1480&q=75" alt="Portrait of Dr Kristina M Johnson, Past President of The Ohio State University and former Chancellor of the State University of New York (SUNY)." width="1480" height="1100" sizes="(min-width: 0px) 90vw, (min-width: 1024px) 740px" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2XjAkTFoZISMtfUxRJDmck/6aec872b68871de3f609d9131200102d/Snippet-Not-Alone-University-Leader.jpg?fm=webp&w=640&q=75 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2XjAkTFoZISMtfUxRJDmck/6aec872b68871de3f609d9131200102d/Snippet-Not-Alone-University-Leader.jpg?fm=webp&w=750&q=75 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2XjAkTFoZISMtfUxRJDmck/6aec872b68871de3f609d9131200102d/Snippet-Not-Alone-University-Leader.jpg?fm=webp&w=828&q=75 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2XjAkTFoZISMtfUxRJDmck/6aec872b68871de3f609d9131200102d/Snippet-Not-Alone-University-Leader.jpg?fm=webp&w=1080&q=75 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2XjAkTFoZISMtfUxRJDmck/6aec872b68871de3f609d9131200102d/Snippet-Not-Alone-University-Leader.jpg?fm=webp&w=1200&q=75 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2XjAkTFoZISMtfUxRJDmck/6aec872b68871de3f609d9131200102d/Snippet-Not-Alone-University-Leader.jpg?fm=webp&w=1920&q=75 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2XjAkTFoZISMtfUxRJDmck/6aec872b68871de3f609d9131200102d/Snippet-Not-Alone-University-Leader.jpg?fm=webp&w=2048&q=75 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2XjAkTFoZISMtfUxRJDmck/6aec872b68871de3f609d9131200102d/Snippet-Not-Alone-University-Leader.jpg?fm=webp&w=3840&q=75 3840w" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></picture></div></article></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbn8 _16jmeqbn9 _16jmeqbo2 _16jmeqbq0"><div class="_1u13v720 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqbiw _16jmeqbj2 _16jmeqbko" style="grid-template-columns:repeat(12, 1fr)"><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbn6 _16jmeqbmh"><div class="_1u13v720 _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbil _16jmeqbiq _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqbkh _16jmeqbkm" style="grid-template-columns:repeat(12, 1fr)"><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbn8 _16jmeqbp8"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq9 _1aeekoq3 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 dkbulm9 _16jmeqbtw _16jmeqbuo _16jmeqbvg _16jmeqbw8 _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb16g _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2g _99wljg4b _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="_1aeekoqk _1aeekoqm _1aeekoqn _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb15c"></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><img class="dkbulma dkbulm7 _16jmeqb173 _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb15c popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=600&q=75" alt="Photo of Dr Susan Margulies, Assistant Director of the National Science Foundation Engineering Directorate, on a decorative background. (Photo credit: Emory University)" width="600" height="450" sizes="(min-width: 0px) 200px" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=16&q=75 16w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=32&q=75 32w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=48&q=75 48w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=64&q=75 64w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=96&q=75 96w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=128&q=75 128w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=256&q=75 256w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=384&q=75 384w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=640&q=75 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=750&q=75 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=828&q=75 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=1080&q=75 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=1200&q=75 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=1920&q=75 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=2048&q=75 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg?fm=webp&w=3840&q=75 3840w" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div></article></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbns _16jmeqbq0"><h3 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbeg _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15s _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="5" aria-label="Connect: Engineering a solution for an inclusive STEM ecosystem">Connect</h3><a class="dkbulm0 _16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqbsg" href="/connect/engineering-a-solution-for-an-inclusive-stem-ecosystem" data-testid="content-highlight" data-aa-name="Engineering a solution for an inclusive STEM ecosystem"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Engineering a solution for an inclusive STEM ecosystem</span></a></div></div></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbn6 _16jmeqbmh"><div class="_1u13v720 _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbil _16jmeqbiq _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqbkh _16jmeqbkm" style="grid-template-columns:repeat(12, 1fr)"><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbn8 _16jmeqbp8"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq9 _1aeekoq3 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 dkbulm9 _16jmeqbtw _16jmeqbuo _16jmeqbvg _16jmeqbw8 _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb16g _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2g _99wljg4b _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="_1aeekoqk _1aeekoqm _1aeekoqn _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb15c"></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><img class="dkbulma dkbulm7 _16jmeqb173 _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb15c popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=600&q=75" alt="University of Rochester President Sarah C Mangelsdorf" width="600" height="450" sizes="(min-width: 0px) 200px" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=16&q=75 16w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=32&q=75 32w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=48&q=75 48w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=64&q=75 64w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=96&q=75 96w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=128&q=75 128w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=256&q=75 256w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=384&q=75 384w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=640&q=75 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=750&q=75 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=828&q=75 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=1080&q=75 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=1200&q=75 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=1920&q=75 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=2048&q=75 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=3840&q=75 3840w" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div></article></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbns _16jmeqbq0"><h3 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbeg _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15s _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="5" aria-label="Connect: Navigating the complexities of free speech: Reflections on a difficult year">Connect</h3><a class="dkbulm0 _16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqbsg" href="/connect/navigating-the-complexities-of-free-speech-reflections-on-a-difficult-year" data-testid="content-highlight" data-aa-name="Navigating the complexities of free speech: Reflections on a difficult year"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Navigating the complexities of free speech: Reflections on a difficult year</span></a></div></div></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbn6 _16jmeqbmh"><div class="_1u13v720 _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbil _16jmeqbiq _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqbkh _16jmeqbkm" style="grid-template-columns:repeat(12, 1fr)"><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbn8 _16jmeqbp8"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq9 _1aeekoq3 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 dkbulm9 _16jmeqbtw _16jmeqbuo _16jmeqbvg _16jmeqbw8 _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb16g _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2g _99wljg4b _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="_1aeekoqk _1aeekoqm _1aeekoqn _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb15c"></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><img class="dkbulma dkbulm7 _16jmeqb173 _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c _16jmeqb15c popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=600&q=75" alt="Photo of Prof Mung Chiang, President of Purdue University" width="600" height="450" sizes="(min-width: 0px) 200px" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=16&q=75 16w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=32&q=75 32w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=48&q=75 48w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=64&q=75 64w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=96&q=75 96w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=128&q=75 128w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=256&q=75 256w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=384&q=75 384w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=640&q=75 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=750&q=75 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=828&q=75 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=1080&q=75 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=1200&q=75 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=1920&q=75 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=2048&q=75 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png?fm=webp&w=3840&q=75 3840w" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div></article></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbns _16jmeqbq0"><h3 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbeg _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15s _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="5" aria-label="Connect: Reinventing the land-grant university to grow jobs, companies, talent and global competitiveness">Connect</h3><a class="dkbulm0 _16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqbsg" href="/connect/reinventing-the-land-grant-university-to-grow-jobs" data-testid="content-highlight" data-aa-name="Reinventing the land-grant university to grow jobs, companies, talent and global competitiveness"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Reinventing the land-grant university to grow jobs, companies, talent and global competitiveness</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><div class="_16jmeqbik _16jmeqbkg _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0" data-aa-region="aa-home-related-links-title"><h2 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbso _16jmeqbt2 _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="3">Featured topics and communities</h2><div class="_1u13v720 _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbil _16jmeqbiq _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqbkh _16jmeqbkm" style="grid-template-columns:repeat(12, 1fr)"><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbm5"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/connect/collection/sustainability" rel="nofollow" data-testid="featured-topics" data-aa-name="Sustainability"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Sustainability</span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbm5"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/connect/collection/open-science" rel="nofollow" data-testid="featured-topics" data-aa-name="Open science"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Open science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbm5"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/connect/collection/gender-diversity" rel="nofollow" data-testid="featured-topics" data-aa-name="Gender & Diversity"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Gender & Diversity</span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbm5"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/connect/collection/healthcare-medicine" rel="nofollow" data-testid="featured-topics" data-aa-name="Healthcare & Medicine"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Healthcare & Medicine</span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbm5"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/connect/collection/research-leadership" rel="nofollow" data-testid="featured-topics" data-aa-name="Research leadership"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Research leadership</span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbm5"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/connect/collection/data-analytics" rel="nofollow" data-testid="featured-topics" data-aa-name="Data & Analytics"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Data & Analytics</span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbm5"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/connect/collection/researchers" rel="nofollow" data-testid="featured-topics" data-aa-name="Researchers"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Researchers</span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbm5"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/connect/collection/librarian" rel="nofollow" data-testid="featured-topics" data-aa-name="Librarians"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Librarians</span><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></div><div class="_166ug2a0"><section class="fv9oeg0 _16jmeqb3o _16jmeqb3p _16jmeqb3u _16jmeqb7g _16jmeqb7h _16jmeqb7m"><div class="_1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:var(--_99wljge)"><article class=""><div class="_1u13v720 _16jmeqbi5 _16jmeqbio _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqbkh _16jmeqbkm" style="grid-template-columns:repeat(12, 1fr)"><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbn8 _16jmeqbq0 _16jmeqbp9"><div class="_16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="_16jmeqbik _16jmeqbkg _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><h2 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsk _16jmeqbsu _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="4">Careers at Elsevier</h2><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><div class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbsi _16jmeqbsc _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="md"><div class="_16jmeqbik _16jmeqbkg _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb16v">We're building a great workplace culture at Elsevier where amazing people, like you and others, can do purposeful work, grow every day and work with colleagues who care. </p></div></div></div><div class="ftsf7r0 _16jmeqbis _16jmeqbko _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqbc0"><a class="_1d3he28a _16jmeqbts _16jmeqbuk _16jmeqbvc _16jmeqbw4 _16jmeqb1o _16jmeqbo _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1cm _16jmeqb1cr _16jmeqb1cw _16jmeqb1d1 _16jmeqb1f8 _1d3he285 _16jmeqb8k _16jmeqb8q _16jmeqb4s _16jmeqb4y _16jmeqb2w _16jmeqb6o _16jmeqb182 _16jmeqb18c _16jmeqb18h _16jmeqb19y _16jmeqb1ad _16jmeqb1d1 _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb28" href="/about/careers"><div class="_1d3he282"><span class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1er"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Explore careers at Elsevier</span></span></div></a></div></div></div></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbn8 _16jmeqbnx _16jmeqbq0 _16jmeqbrl _16jmeqbrg _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="_16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb158"><div class="_16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb24"><img class="popcxs1 popcxs3" src="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2XrBpSdjPK1OJXAAFYU8iw/76ffd0f25465502c9a704dcfc2aa6c64/Teaser-Elsevier-careers-video-thumbnail.jpg?fm=webp&w=480&q=75" alt="Employees smiling and clapping" width="480" height="361" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2XrBpSdjPK1OJXAAFYU8iw/76ffd0f25465502c9a704dcfc2aa6c64/Teaser-Elsevier-careers-video-thumbnail.jpg?fm=webp&w=480&q=75 1x, //images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2XrBpSdjPK1OJXAAFYU8iw/76ffd0f25465502c9a704dcfc2aa6c64/Teaser-Elsevier-careers-video-thumbnail.jpg?fm=webp&w=960&q=75 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/><button class="w17eg90 _16jmeqbu8 _16jmeqbv0 _16jmeqbvs _16jmeqbwk _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqbo _16jmeqb8 w17eg92 w17eg94 _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqb124 _16jmeqb129 _16jmeqb12e _16jmeqb140 _16jmeqb145 _16jmeqb14a"><svg fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M5.375 20.546v-17l17 8.5-17 8.5Z"></path></svg><span class="_13sjisp0">Play</span></button></div><script data-testid="json-ld" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org/","@type":"VideoObject","name":"Career video_Elsevier Bringing Experience to Life","description":"Career video_Elsevier Bringing Experience to Life","thumbnailURL":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2XrBpSdjPK1OJXAAFYU8iw/76ffd0f25465502c9a704dcfc2aa6c64/Teaser-Elsevier-careers-video-thumbnail.jpg","embedURL":"//videos.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2dy6hNuliVUBRCnqiWY5eG/74ba3ef4aa2a3d0549561f31a46017c0/Elsevier_Bringing_Experience_to_Life_Final_Pass.mp4","uploaddate":"2023-09-19T11:03:02.290Z","inlanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Elsevier","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"/images/elsevier-logo.svg"}}}</script></div></div></div></article></div></section></div><div class="_166ug2a0"><section class="_16jmeqbio _16jmeqbj3 _16jmeqbkk _16jmeqbkz _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb0"><div class="_1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:var(--_99wljge)"><div class="_16jmeqbio _16jmeqbkk _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb12 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqba"><h2 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsk _16jmeqbsu _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="4">Discover more about Elsevier</h2></div></div><div class=""><div class="_16jmeqbx8"><ul class="_1bxw8d1 _16jmeqbio _16jmeqbkk _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb0 _16jmeqb16i _16jmeqb2o _16jmeqb6g"><li class="_1bxw8d2"><div class="_1xz0slv1"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq9 _1aeekoq3 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 _99wljg4b _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c" data-testid="related-resource"><div class="_1aeekoqk _1aeekoqm _1aeekoqn _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb15c"></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="_1nffqoe1 _16jmeqbu0 _16jmeqbu5 _16jmeqbus _16jmeqbux _16jmeqbvk _16jmeqbvp _16jmeqbwc _16jmeqbwh _16jmeqb16g _16jmeqbx8" style="--_1nffqoe0:19 / 14"><img class="_1nffqoe2 popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqb173" src="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4VkiLCBuTbJflQSQg8xUfE/6d6d334468ae72fd70ad9a9e395bea18/header-Connect-Angelica-Kerr-and-Judy-Verses.jpg?fm=webp&w=380&q=75" alt="Angelica Kerr (left), a Data Reporting Analyst at Elsevier, talks with Judy Verses, President of Academic & Government Markets, in Elsevier’s New York office. (Photo by Alison Bert)" width="380" height="280" sizes="(min-width: 650px) 25vw" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4VkiLCBuTbJflQSQg8xUfE/6d6d334468ae72fd70ad9a9e395bea18/header-Connect-Angelica-Kerr-and-Judy-Verses.jpg?fm=webp&w=256&q=75 256w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4VkiLCBuTbJflQSQg8xUfE/6d6d334468ae72fd70ad9a9e395bea18/header-Connect-Angelica-Kerr-and-Judy-Verses.jpg?fm=webp&w=384&q=75 384w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4VkiLCBuTbJflQSQg8xUfE/6d6d334468ae72fd70ad9a9e395bea18/header-Connect-Angelica-Kerr-and-Judy-Verses.jpg?fm=webp&w=640&q=75 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4VkiLCBuTbJflQSQg8xUfE/6d6d334468ae72fd70ad9a9e395bea18/header-Connect-Angelica-Kerr-and-Judy-Verses.jpg?fm=webp&w=750&q=75 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4VkiLCBuTbJflQSQg8xUfE/6d6d334468ae72fd70ad9a9e395bea18/header-Connect-Angelica-Kerr-and-Judy-Verses.jpg?fm=webp&w=828&q=75 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4VkiLCBuTbJflQSQg8xUfE/6d6d334468ae72fd70ad9a9e395bea18/header-Connect-Angelica-Kerr-and-Judy-Verses.jpg?fm=webp&w=1080&q=75 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4VkiLCBuTbJflQSQg8xUfE/6d6d334468ae72fd70ad9a9e395bea18/header-Connect-Angelica-Kerr-and-Judy-Verses.jpg?fm=webp&w=1200&q=75 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4VkiLCBuTbJflQSQg8xUfE/6d6d334468ae72fd70ad9a9e395bea18/header-Connect-Angelica-Kerr-and-Judy-Verses.jpg?fm=webp&w=1920&q=75 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4VkiLCBuTbJflQSQg8xUfE/6d6d334468ae72fd70ad9a9e395bea18/header-Connect-Angelica-Kerr-and-Judy-Verses.jpg?fm=webp&w=2048&q=75 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4VkiLCBuTbJflQSQg8xUfE/6d6d334468ae72fd70ad9a9e395bea18/header-Connect-Angelica-Kerr-and-Judy-Verses.jpg?fm=webp&w=3840&q=75 3840w" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m _16jmeqbn8" data-text-size="sm">Connect</span><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqbn8" href="/connect/elsevier-inclusion-and-diversity-data-snapshot-2024"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><h3 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsg _16jmeqbsm _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164 _16jmeqbn8" data-heading-level="5"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class="">Elsevier inclusion & diversity data snapshot 2024</div></div></h3></span></a></div></article></div></li><li class="_1bxw8d2"><div class="_1xz0slv1"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq9 _1aeekoq3 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 _99wljg4b _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c" data-testid="related-resource"><div class="_1aeekoqk _1aeekoqm _1aeekoqn _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb15c"></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="_1nffqoe1 _16jmeqbu0 _16jmeqbu5 _16jmeqbus _16jmeqbux _16jmeqbvk _16jmeqbvp _16jmeqbwc _16jmeqbwh _16jmeqb16g _16jmeqbx8" style="--_1nffqoe0:19 / 14"><img class="_1nffqoe2 popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqb173" src="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2dn0JU6enFE6iRYTUvdVON/353ba17e752e110589e673e2b9010c65/Elsevier-company-meeting-Dubrovnik.jpg?fm=webp&w=380&q=75" alt="Elsevier colleagues meeting at a retreat" width="380" height="280" sizes="(min-width: 650px) 25vw" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2dn0JU6enFE6iRYTUvdVON/353ba17e752e110589e673e2b9010c65/Elsevier-company-meeting-Dubrovnik.jpg?fm=webp&w=256&q=75 256w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2dn0JU6enFE6iRYTUvdVON/353ba17e752e110589e673e2b9010c65/Elsevier-company-meeting-Dubrovnik.jpg?fm=webp&w=384&q=75 384w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2dn0JU6enFE6iRYTUvdVON/353ba17e752e110589e673e2b9010c65/Elsevier-company-meeting-Dubrovnik.jpg?fm=webp&w=640&q=75 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2dn0JU6enFE6iRYTUvdVON/353ba17e752e110589e673e2b9010c65/Elsevier-company-meeting-Dubrovnik.jpg?fm=webp&w=750&q=75 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2dn0JU6enFE6iRYTUvdVON/353ba17e752e110589e673e2b9010c65/Elsevier-company-meeting-Dubrovnik.jpg?fm=webp&w=828&q=75 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2dn0JU6enFE6iRYTUvdVON/353ba17e752e110589e673e2b9010c65/Elsevier-company-meeting-Dubrovnik.jpg?fm=webp&w=1080&q=75 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2dn0JU6enFE6iRYTUvdVON/353ba17e752e110589e673e2b9010c65/Elsevier-company-meeting-Dubrovnik.jpg?fm=webp&w=1200&q=75 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2dn0JU6enFE6iRYTUvdVON/353ba17e752e110589e673e2b9010c65/Elsevier-company-meeting-Dubrovnik.jpg?fm=webp&w=1920&q=75 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2dn0JU6enFE6iRYTUvdVON/353ba17e752e110589e673e2b9010c65/Elsevier-company-meeting-Dubrovnik.jpg?fm=webp&w=2048&q=75 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2dn0JU6enFE6iRYTUvdVON/353ba17e752e110589e673e2b9010c65/Elsevier-company-meeting-Dubrovnik.jpg?fm=webp&w=3840&q=75 3840w" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m _16jmeqbn8" data-text-size="sm">Connect</span><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqbn8" href="/connect/elsevier-named-best-company-for-diversity"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><h3 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsg _16jmeqbsm _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164 _16jmeqbn8" data-heading-level="5"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class="">Elsevier named Best Company for Diversity</div></div></h3></span></a></div></article></div></li><li class="_1bxw8d2"><div class="_1xz0slv1"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq9 _1aeekoq3 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 _99wljg4b _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c" data-testid="related-resource"><div class="_1aeekoqk _1aeekoqm _1aeekoqn _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb15c"></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="_1nffqoe1 _16jmeqbu0 _16jmeqbu5 _16jmeqbus _16jmeqbux _16jmeqbvk _16jmeqbvp _16jmeqbwc _16jmeqbwh _16jmeqb16g _16jmeqbx8" style="--_1nffqoe0:19 / 14"><img class="_1nffqoe2 popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqb173" src="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2y9FIwBPHOtfH1Sj04Syyt/f12f294b97983e97e3435c90c01d32cf/global-comms-2023_2.jpg?fm=webp&w=380&q=75" alt="Taking a break from work in the UK (Photo by Alison Bert)" width="380" height="280" sizes="(min-width: 650px) 25vw" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2y9FIwBPHOtfH1Sj04Syyt/f12f294b97983e97e3435c90c01d32cf/global-comms-2023_2.jpg?fm=webp&w=256&q=75 256w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2y9FIwBPHOtfH1Sj04Syyt/f12f294b97983e97e3435c90c01d32cf/global-comms-2023_2.jpg?fm=webp&w=384&q=75 384w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2y9FIwBPHOtfH1Sj04Syyt/f12f294b97983e97e3435c90c01d32cf/global-comms-2023_2.jpg?fm=webp&w=640&q=75 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2y9FIwBPHOtfH1Sj04Syyt/f12f294b97983e97e3435c90c01d32cf/global-comms-2023_2.jpg?fm=webp&w=750&q=75 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2y9FIwBPHOtfH1Sj04Syyt/f12f294b97983e97e3435c90c01d32cf/global-comms-2023_2.jpg?fm=webp&w=828&q=75 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2y9FIwBPHOtfH1Sj04Syyt/f12f294b97983e97e3435c90c01d32cf/global-comms-2023_2.jpg?fm=webp&w=1080&q=75 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2y9FIwBPHOtfH1Sj04Syyt/f12f294b97983e97e3435c90c01d32cf/global-comms-2023_2.jpg?fm=webp&w=1200&q=75 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2y9FIwBPHOtfH1Sj04Syyt/f12f294b97983e97e3435c90c01d32cf/global-comms-2023_2.jpg?fm=webp&w=1920&q=75 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2y9FIwBPHOtfH1Sj04Syyt/f12f294b97983e97e3435c90c01d32cf/global-comms-2023_2.jpg?fm=webp&w=2048&q=75 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2y9FIwBPHOtfH1Sj04Syyt/f12f294b97983e97e3435c90c01d32cf/global-comms-2023_2.jpg?fm=webp&w=3840&q=75 3840w" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m _16jmeqbn8" data-text-size="sm">Connect</span><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqbn8" href="/connect/elsevier-ranked-2-worldwide-for-work-life-balance"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><h3 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsg _16jmeqbsm _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164 _16jmeqbn8" data-heading-level="5"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class="">Elsevier ranked #2 worldwide for work-life balance </div></div></h3></span></a></div></article></div></li><li class="_1bxw8d2"><div class="_1xz0slv1"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq9 _1aeekoq3 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 _99wljg4b _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c" data-testid="related-resource"><div class="_1aeekoqk _1aeekoqm _1aeekoqn _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb15c"></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="_1nffqoe1 _16jmeqbu0 _16jmeqbu5 _16jmeqbus _16jmeqbux _16jmeqbvk _16jmeqbvp _16jmeqbwc _16jmeqbwh _16jmeqb16g _16jmeqbx8" style="--_1nffqoe0:19 / 14"><img class="_1nffqoe2 popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqb173" src="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/1V441C8FQ7euheYgUPhk91/7ffacc65c276cdce4bfcb14e03b49846/Kumsal-townhall-NYC.jpg?fm=webp&w=380&q=75" alt="Elsevier CEO Kumsal Bayazit gives a town hall in the New York office. (Photo by Alison Bert)" width="380" height="280" sizes="(min-width: 650px) 25vw" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/1V441C8FQ7euheYgUPhk91/7ffacc65c276cdce4bfcb14e03b49846/Kumsal-townhall-NYC.jpg?fm=webp&w=256&q=75 256w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/1V441C8FQ7euheYgUPhk91/7ffacc65c276cdce4bfcb14e03b49846/Kumsal-townhall-NYC.jpg?fm=webp&w=384&q=75 384w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/1V441C8FQ7euheYgUPhk91/7ffacc65c276cdce4bfcb14e03b49846/Kumsal-townhall-NYC.jpg?fm=webp&w=640&q=75 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/1V441C8FQ7euheYgUPhk91/7ffacc65c276cdce4bfcb14e03b49846/Kumsal-townhall-NYC.jpg?fm=webp&w=750&q=75 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/1V441C8FQ7euheYgUPhk91/7ffacc65c276cdce4bfcb14e03b49846/Kumsal-townhall-NYC.jpg?fm=webp&w=828&q=75 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/1V441C8FQ7euheYgUPhk91/7ffacc65c276cdce4bfcb14e03b49846/Kumsal-townhall-NYC.jpg?fm=webp&w=1080&q=75 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/1V441C8FQ7euheYgUPhk91/7ffacc65c276cdce4bfcb14e03b49846/Kumsal-townhall-NYC.jpg?fm=webp&w=1200&q=75 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/1V441C8FQ7euheYgUPhk91/7ffacc65c276cdce4bfcb14e03b49846/Kumsal-townhall-NYC.jpg?fm=webp&w=1920&q=75 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/1V441C8FQ7euheYgUPhk91/7ffacc65c276cdce4bfcb14e03b49846/Kumsal-townhall-NYC.jpg?fm=webp&w=2048&q=75 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/1V441C8FQ7euheYgUPhk91/7ffacc65c276cdce4bfcb14e03b49846/Kumsal-townhall-NYC.jpg?fm=webp&w=3840&q=75 3840w" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m _16jmeqbn8" data-text-size="sm">Connect</span><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqbn8" href="/connect/elsevier-ceo-kumsal-bayazit-shines-as-a-best-ceo-for-women"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><h3 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsg _16jmeqbsm _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164 _16jmeqbn8" data-heading-level="5"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class="">Elsevier CEO Kumsal Bayazit shines as #2 Best CEO for Women</div></div></h3></span></a></div></article></div></li><li class="_1bxw8d2"><div class="_1xz0slv1"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq9 _1aeekoq3 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 _99wljg4b _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c" data-testid="related-resource"><div class="_1aeekoqk _1aeekoqm _1aeekoqn _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb15c"></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="_1nffqoe1 _16jmeqbu0 _16jmeqbu5 _16jmeqbus _16jmeqbux _16jmeqbvk _16jmeqbvp _16jmeqbwc _16jmeqbwh _16jmeqb16g _16jmeqbx8" style="--_1nffqoe0:19 / 14"><img class="_1nffqoe2 popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqb173" src="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2Cjo3Zowqq3Cy3ohkw2DsV/0cff384a0533f19ecfda3c79cc6d7bec/PageList-Growing-Every-Day-Erin-Hill-Parks.jpg?fm=webp&w=380&q=75" alt="Dr Erin Hill-Parks" width="380" height="280" sizes="(min-width: 650px) 25vw" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2Cjo3Zowqq3Cy3ohkw2DsV/0cff384a0533f19ecfda3c79cc6d7bec/PageList-Growing-Every-Day-Erin-Hill-Parks.jpg?fm=webp&w=256&q=75 256w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2Cjo3Zowqq3Cy3ohkw2DsV/0cff384a0533f19ecfda3c79cc6d7bec/PageList-Growing-Every-Day-Erin-Hill-Parks.jpg?fm=webp&w=384&q=75 384w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2Cjo3Zowqq3Cy3ohkw2DsV/0cff384a0533f19ecfda3c79cc6d7bec/PageList-Growing-Every-Day-Erin-Hill-Parks.jpg?fm=webp&w=640&q=75 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2Cjo3Zowqq3Cy3ohkw2DsV/0cff384a0533f19ecfda3c79cc6d7bec/PageList-Growing-Every-Day-Erin-Hill-Parks.jpg?fm=webp&w=750&q=75 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2Cjo3Zowqq3Cy3ohkw2DsV/0cff384a0533f19ecfda3c79cc6d7bec/PageList-Growing-Every-Day-Erin-Hill-Parks.jpg?fm=webp&w=828&q=75 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2Cjo3Zowqq3Cy3ohkw2DsV/0cff384a0533f19ecfda3c79cc6d7bec/PageList-Growing-Every-Day-Erin-Hill-Parks.jpg?fm=webp&w=1080&q=75 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2Cjo3Zowqq3Cy3ohkw2DsV/0cff384a0533f19ecfda3c79cc6d7bec/PageList-Growing-Every-Day-Erin-Hill-Parks.jpg?fm=webp&w=1200&q=75 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2Cjo3Zowqq3Cy3ohkw2DsV/0cff384a0533f19ecfda3c79cc6d7bec/PageList-Growing-Every-Day-Erin-Hill-Parks.jpg?fm=webp&w=1920&q=75 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2Cjo3Zowqq3Cy3ohkw2DsV/0cff384a0533f19ecfda3c79cc6d7bec/PageList-Growing-Every-Day-Erin-Hill-Parks.jpg?fm=webp&w=2048&q=75 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2Cjo3Zowqq3Cy3ohkw2DsV/0cff384a0533f19ecfda3c79cc6d7bec/PageList-Growing-Every-Day-Erin-Hill-Parks.jpg?fm=webp&w=3840&q=75 3840w" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m _16jmeqbn8" data-text-size="sm">Connect</span><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqbn8" href="/connect/womens-empowerment-is-a-reality-at-elsevier-heres-my-experience"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><h3 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsg _16jmeqbsm _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164 _16jmeqbn8" data-heading-level="5"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class="">Women’s empowerment is a reality at Elsevier — here’s my experience</div></div></h3></span></a></div></article></div></li><li class="_1bxw8d2"><div class="_1xz0slv1"><article class=" _1aeekoq1 _1aeekoq9 _1aeekoq3 _1aeekoqb _1aeekoq4 _1aeekoq7 _99wljg4b _16jmeqbx8 _16jmeqb2c" data-testid="related-resource"><div class="_1aeekoqk _1aeekoqm _1aeekoqn _16jmeqbxc _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqbxo _16jmeqb13c _16jmeqb15c"></div><div class="_1aeekoqs _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb24 _16jmeqb2c"><div class="_1nffqoe1 _16jmeqbu0 _16jmeqbu5 _16jmeqbus _16jmeqbux _16jmeqbvk _16jmeqbvp _16jmeqbwc _16jmeqbwh _16jmeqb16g _16jmeqbx8" style="--_1nffqoe0:19 / 14"><img class="_1nffqoe2 popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqb173" src="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/OQkRodp4jhhjblyEZlnL1/fcc0c4ea677ea03718e3eb3404e67748/Joslyn-and-Samantha-Kyrsten-Ashlay-Photography.jpg?fm=webp&w=380&q=75" alt="Joslyn and her daughter, Samantha (Photo © Krysten Ashlay Photography)" width="380" height="280" sizes="(min-width: 650px) 25vw" srcSet="//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/OQkRodp4jhhjblyEZlnL1/fcc0c4ea677ea03718e3eb3404e67748/Joslyn-and-Samantha-Kyrsten-Ashlay-Photography.jpg?fm=webp&w=256&q=75 256w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/OQkRodp4jhhjblyEZlnL1/fcc0c4ea677ea03718e3eb3404e67748/Joslyn-and-Samantha-Kyrsten-Ashlay-Photography.jpg?fm=webp&w=384&q=75 384w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/OQkRodp4jhhjblyEZlnL1/fcc0c4ea677ea03718e3eb3404e67748/Joslyn-and-Samantha-Kyrsten-Ashlay-Photography.jpg?fm=webp&w=640&q=75 640w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/OQkRodp4jhhjblyEZlnL1/fcc0c4ea677ea03718e3eb3404e67748/Joslyn-and-Samantha-Kyrsten-Ashlay-Photography.jpg?fm=webp&w=750&q=75 750w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/OQkRodp4jhhjblyEZlnL1/fcc0c4ea677ea03718e3eb3404e67748/Joslyn-and-Samantha-Kyrsten-Ashlay-Photography.jpg?fm=webp&w=828&q=75 828w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/OQkRodp4jhhjblyEZlnL1/fcc0c4ea677ea03718e3eb3404e67748/Joslyn-and-Samantha-Kyrsten-Ashlay-Photography.jpg?fm=webp&w=1080&q=75 1080w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/OQkRodp4jhhjblyEZlnL1/fcc0c4ea677ea03718e3eb3404e67748/Joslyn-and-Samantha-Kyrsten-Ashlay-Photography.jpg?fm=webp&w=1200&q=75 1200w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/OQkRodp4jhhjblyEZlnL1/fcc0c4ea677ea03718e3eb3404e67748/Joslyn-and-Samantha-Kyrsten-Ashlay-Photography.jpg?fm=webp&w=1920&q=75 1920w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/OQkRodp4jhhjblyEZlnL1/fcc0c4ea677ea03718e3eb3404e67748/Joslyn-and-Samantha-Kyrsten-Ashlay-Photography.jpg?fm=webp&w=2048&q=75 2048w, //images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/OQkRodp4jhhjblyEZlnL1/fcc0c4ea677ea03718e3eb3404e67748/Joslyn-and-Samantha-Kyrsten-Ashlay-Photography.jpg?fm=webp&w=3840&q=75 3840w" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbse _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m _16jmeqbn8" data-text-size="sm">Connect</span><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb17e _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev _16jmeqbn8" href="/connect/our-journey-with-rare-diseases-gives-even-more-meaning-to-my-work-at-elsevier"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><h3 class="m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsg _16jmeqbsm _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164 _16jmeqbn8" data-heading-level="5"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class="">Our journey with rare diseases gives even more meaning to my work at Elsevier </div></div></h3></span></a></div></article></div></li></ul><div class="_16jmeqb20 _16jmeqb1i _16jmeqb24"><div class="_1bxw8d4 _16jmeqb15g _16jmeqb24 _1xz0slv0 _16jmeqbxc _1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:initial"><div class="_1bxw8d5 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class="_1bxw8d6"><button class="w17eg90 _16jmeqbu8 _16jmeqbv0 _16jmeqbvs _16jmeqbwk _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqbo _16jmeqb8 w17eg92 w17eg94 _1bxw8d8 _16jmeqb20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-testid="carousel-slide-button-left"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.125 11.438 15.563 3l1.312 1.313-7.125 7.125 7.125 7.124-1.313 1.313-8.437-8.438Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><span class="_13sjisp0">Slide</span></button></div><div class="_1bxw8d7"><button class="w17eg90 _16jmeqbu8 _16jmeqbv0 _16jmeqbvs _16jmeqbwk _16jmeqb1w _16jmeqbo _16jmeqb8 w17eg92 w17eg94 _1bxw8d8 _16jmeqb20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-testid="carousel-slide-button-right"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m7.125 18.563 7.125-7.125-7.125-7.126L8.438 3l8.437 8.438-8.438 8.437-1.312-1.313Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><span class="_13sjisp0">Slide</span></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></div><script data-testid="json-ld" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org/","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Elsevier | An Information Analytics Business","description":"Elsevier is a global information analytics company that helps institutions and professionals progress science, advance healthcare and improve performance"}</script><script data-testid="json-ld" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org/","@type":"WebSite","name":"Elsevier","url":"https://www.elsevier.com","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://www.elsevier.com/search?query={query}","query-input":"required name=query"}}</script></main><footer class="_99wljg4c _16jmeqb19i _16jmeqb74"><div class="_99wljg4c _16jmeqb3g _16jmeqb3l _16jmeqb3q _16jmeqb78 _16jmeqb7d _16jmeqb7i _16jmeqb19i"><div class="_1kbq9x82 _1kbq9x84 _1kbq9x85 _1kbq9x88" style="--_1kbq9x80:var(--_99wljge)"><nav class="" aria-label="Useful Links and Support"><div class="_1u13v720 _16jmeqbj0 _16jmeqbix _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqbkh _16jmeqbkm" style="grid-template-columns:repeat(12, 1fr)"><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbm9"><div class="_16jmeqbis _16jmeqbix _16jmeqbko _16jmeqbkt _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4"><p class="_3zvs046 m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsg _16jmeqbsm _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="5">Useful links</p><ul class="_16jmeqbio _16jmeqbkk _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4"><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/researcher/author/submit-your-paper" data-testid="footer-link-Submit your paper" aria-label=""><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Submit your paper</span></span></a></li><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://shop.elsevier.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" data-testid="footer-link-Shop Books & Journals" aria-label="Shop Books & Journals opens in new tab/window"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Shop Books & Journals</span><span class="_17x85qk1 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 _17x85qk0"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></span></a></li><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/open-access" data-testid="footer-link-Open access" aria-label=""><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Open access</span></span></a></li><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/products" data-testid="footer-link-View all products" aria-label=""><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">View all products</span></span></a></li><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/connect" data-testid="footer-link-Elsevier Connect" aria-label=""><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Elsevier Connect</span></span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbm9"><div class="_16jmeqbis _16jmeqbix _16jmeqbko _16jmeqbkt _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4"><p class="_3zvs046 m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsg _16jmeqbsm _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="5">About</p><ul class="_16jmeqbio _16jmeqbkk _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4"><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/about" data-testid="footer-link-About Elsevier" aria-label=""><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">About Elsevier</span></span></a></li><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/about/careers" data-testid="footer-link-Careers" aria-label=""><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Careers</span></span></a></li><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/about/global-press-office" data-testid="footer-link-Global Press Office" aria-label=""><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Global Press Office</span></span></a></li><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://www.elsmediakits.com/?utm_source=elsevier.com&utm_medium=referral&dgcid=4168448395" rel="noopener" target="_blank" data-testid="footer-link-Advertising, reprints & supplements" aria-label="Advertising, reprints & supplements opens in new tab/window"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Advertising, reprints & supplements</span><span class="_17x85qk1 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 _17x85qk0"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></span></a></li><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://www.relx.com/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/responsibility/relx-slavery-statement-2024.pdf" rel="noopener" target="_blank" data-testid="footer-link-Modern slavery act statement" aria-label="Modern slavery act statement PDF opens in new tab/window"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Modern slavery act statement</span><span class="_17x85qk1 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 _17x85qk0"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="_16jmeqbn4 _16jmeqbm9"><div class="_16jmeqbis _16jmeqbix _16jmeqbko _16jmeqbkt _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4"><p class="_3zvs046 m0fuh0 _16jmeqba4 _16jmeqbc4 _16jmeqbe4 _16jmeqbg4 _16jmeqb15t _16jmeqb15u _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqb176 _16jmeqbsg _16jmeqbsm _16jmeqb16k _16jmeqb164" data-heading-level="5">Support</p><ul class="_16jmeqbio _16jmeqbkk _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb4"><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/support" data-testid="footer-link-Customer support" aria-label=""><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Customer support</span></span></a></li><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://service.elsevier.com/app/overview/elsevier/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" data-testid="footer-link-Resource center" aria-label="Resource center opens in new tab/window"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Resource center</span><span class="_17x85qk1 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd1 nddnvd6 _17x85qk0"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.438 6.75h10.7L4.983 17.906l1.326 1.328 11.13-11.13V18.75h1.875V4.875H5.438V6.75Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></span></a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div></div><div class="_3zvs040 _16jmeqb38 _16jmeqb70 _16jmeqbgk _16jmeqbgx _16jmeqbck _16jmeqbcx _16jmeqbis _16jmeqbi5 _16jmeqbko _16jmeqbk1 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb9 _16jmeqbw"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><div class="_16jmeqb15k"><button class="" data-testid="region-switcher-footer" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="multi-collapsible-"><div class="_16jmeqbi8 _16jmeqbk4 _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqb1ev"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=" nddnvd3 nddnvd5 nddnvd8"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.995 21.375h-.002a9.551 9.551 0 0 1-9.556-9.556c0-2.552.994-4.953 2.8-6.758a9.491 9.491 0 0 1 6.756-2.795c-.463 0 3.563-.397 6.758 2.799 6.046 6.045 1.671 16.31-6.756 16.31Zm-4.291-8.626h-3.33c.345 2.998 2.214 5.135 4.646 6.156-.865-1.795-1.235-4.282-1.316-6.156Zm2.777 4.821c-.51-1.302-.821-2.947-.9-4.82h4.826c-.19 4.496-1.607 6.75-2.413 6.75-.636 0-1.28-1.337-1.513-1.93Zm4.486 1.335Zm0 0c.865-1.795 1.235-4.282 1.317-6.156h3.329c-.346 2.998-2.216 5.137-4.646 6.156Zm.004-14.167-.004-.008a7.78 7.78 0 0 1 4.078 4.039.02.02 0 0 0-.005 0l-.006.002c.296.672.491 1.384.579 2.112h-3.33c-.057-1.498-.248-2.786-.554-3.988a6.141 6.141 0 0 0-2.339-1.1c.663 1.526.944 3.59 1.017 5.088H9.58c.19-4.496 1.616-6.746 2.414-6.746.796 0 2.026.2 2.977.6Zm-5.952-.002Zm-1.316 6.147c.082-1.873.452-4.352 1.316-6.147-2.428 1.019-4.3 3.15-4.645 6.147h3.33Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><p class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167">Global | English</p></div></button></div></div><nav class="_3zvs045" data-aa-region="social" aria-label="Social media accounts"><div class="_16jmeqbig _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8"><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/elsevier" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="_121ua270 _121ua271 _99wljg4b _16jmeqb1s"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" data-testid="linkedin" class=" nddnvd3 nddnvd5 nddnvd8"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3 0C1.34315 0 0 1.34315 0 3V21C0 22.6569 1.34315 24 3 24H21C22.6569 24 24 22.6569 24 21V3C24 1.34315 22.6569 0 21 0H3ZM4 6.16694C4 4.95138 5.00406 4 6.16694 4C7.32963 4 8.33387 4.95138 8.33387 6.16694C8.33387 7.38269 7.32963 8.33406 6.16694 8.33406C5.00406 8.33406 4 7.38269 4 6.16694ZM7.96394 20.2787H4.42281V9.655H7.96394V20.2787ZM13.7776 11.0292C14.3061 10.1836 15.4161 9.54944 16.843 9.54944C19.5385 9.54944 20.9127 10.8179 20.9127 13.8835V20.3316H17.3716V15.5748C17.3716 13.8835 16.6317 13.2492 15.6803 13.2492C14.4119 13.2492 13.8304 14.2534 13.8304 15.8918V20.3312H10.2893V9.70788H13.7776V11.0292Z"></path></svg></span><span class="_13sjisp0"> LinkedIn opens in new tab/window</span></span></a><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://twitter.com/ElsevierConnect" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="_121ua270 _121ua271 _99wljg4b _16jmeqb1s"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" data-testid="twitter" class=" nddnvd3 nddnvd5 nddnvd8"><path d="M13.6408 10.4643L20.9224 2H19.1969L12.8743 9.34942L7.82442 2H2L9.63638 13.1136L2 21.9897H3.72561L10.4025 14.2285L15.7355 21.9897H21.5599L13.6404 10.4643H13.6408ZM11.2773 13.2115L10.5036 12.1049L4.34737 3.29901H6.9978L11.966 10.4056L12.7397 11.5123L19.1977 20.7498H16.5473L11.2773 13.212V13.2115Z"></path></svg></span><span class="_13sjisp0"> Twitter opens in new tab/window</span></span></a><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://www.facebook.com/ElsevierConnect" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="_121ua270 _121ua271 _99wljg4b _16jmeqb1s"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" data-testid="facebook" class=" nddnvd3 nddnvd5 nddnvd8"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.001 0C18.6274 0 24 5.37155 24 12C24 17.9895 19.6124 22.9531 13.8748 23.854V23.8526C13.8749 23.8525 13.8749 23.8525 13.8749 23.8525V15.4697H16.6716L16.9665 13.5462L17.2047 11.9995H13.8759V9.74971C13.8759 8.79979 14.3409 7.87487 15.8318 7.87487H17.3447V4.92111C17.3447 4.92111 15.9718 4.68613 14.6589 4.68613C13.9065 4.68613 13.2257 4.81136 12.6338 5.05526C11.0687 5.69961 10.1252 7.17331 10.1252 9.35522V11.9985H7.07851V12H7.07841V15.4677H7.07851V15.4682H10.1242V23.853C4.38763 22.9531 0 17.9885 0 11.999C0 5.37055 5.37155 0 12.001 0Z"></path></svg></span><span class="_13sjisp0"> Facebook opens in new tab/window</span></span></a><a class="_16jmeqb1w _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/elsevier" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="_121ua270 _121ua271 _99wljg4b _16jmeqb1s"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" data-testid="youtube" class=" nddnvd3 nddnvd5 nddnvd8"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M21.2301 4.24687C22.2467 4.52044 23.0469 5.32594 23.3188 6.34912C23.8125 8.2035 23.8125 12.0724 23.8125 12.0724C23.8125 12.0724 23.8125 15.9414 23.3188 17.7958C23.0469 18.8188 22.2467 19.6245 21.2301 19.8981C19.3877 20.3949 12 20.3949 12 20.3949C12 20.3949 4.61231 20.3949 2.76975 19.8981C1.7535 19.6245 0.952875 18.8188 0.681 17.7958C0.1875 15.9412 0.1875 12.0724 0.1875 12.0724C0.1875 12.0724 0.1875 8.2035 0.681187 6.34912C0.9525 5.32594 1.75313 4.52062 2.76994 4.24687C4.61231 3.75 12 3.75 12 3.75C12 3.75 19.3875 3.75 21.2301 4.24687ZM15.7587 12.0724L9.58398 15.585V8.55957L15.7587 12.0724Z"></path></svg></span><span class="_13sjisp0"> YouTube opens in new tab/window</span></span></a></div></nav></div><div class="_16jmeqbgk _16jmeqbgx _16jmeqbck _16jmeqbcx _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb10 _16jmeqb8 _16jmeqbw _16jmeqb34 _16jmeqb39"><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><img class="_3zvs041 popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqb2g" src="/images/elsevier-logo-white.svg" alt="Elsevier" width="130" height="38" srcSet="/images/elsevier-logo-white.svg 1x, /images/elsevier-logo-white.svg 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/><span class="_13sjisp0"> opens in new tab/window</span></span></a><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="https://www.relx.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><img class="_3zvs042 popcxs1 popcxs3 _16jmeqb2g" src="/images/relx-logo.svg" alt="Relx" width="120" height="36" srcSet="/images/relx-logo.svg 1x, /images/relx-logo.svg 2x" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/><span class="_13sjisp0"> opens in new tab/window</span></span></a></div><div class="_3zvs043 _16jmeqbgk _16jmeqbgx _16jmeqbck _16jmeqbcx _16jmeqbig _16jmeqbit _16jmeqbkc _16jmeqbkp _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb12 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqba _16jmeqb34 _16jmeqb39"><p class="_3zvs044 gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="xs">Copyright © 2024 Elsevier, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.</p><nav class="" aria-label="Privacy and compliance" data-aa-region="privacy-and-compliance"><ul class="_16jmeqbic _16jmeqbit _16jmeqbk8 _16jmeqbkp _16jmeqb1s _16jmeqb18 _16jmeqb11 _16jmeqb4 _16jmeqb9"><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/legal/elsevier-website-terms-and-conditions"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="xs">Terms & Conditions</span></span></a></li><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/legal/privacy-policy"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="xs">Privacy policy</span></span></a></li><li class=""><a class="_16jmeqb1k _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" href="/about/accessibility"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="xs">Accessibility</span></span></a></li><li class=""><button class="_16jmeqb1g _16jmeqb18y _16jmeqb1eq _16jmeqb1ev" data-testid="cookie-settings-button-on-footer"><span class="gv4p8b0 _16jmeqb166 _16jmeqb167 _16jmeqbs8 _16jmeqb16m" data-text-size="xs">Cookie settings</span></button></li></ul></nav></div></footer></div></div><script defer="" src="/scripts/remove-no-js-class.js"></script><script defer="" src="/scripts/unsupported-browser.js"></script><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"_nextI18Next":{"initialI18nStore":{"en-US":{"article":{"writtenBy":"By {{author}}","contributorPageTitle":"Contributor","contributorsPageTitle":"Contributors","personProfilePageTitle":"Leadership","authorDescription":"{{title}} at {{organisation}}","readingTime":"{{readingTime}} min read","readMore":"Read more","watchNow":"Watch now • {{duration}} minutes"},"common":{"home":"Home","back":"Back","explore":"Explore","readMore":"Read more","viewMore":"View more","viewLess":"View less","play":"Play","search":"Search","skipToMainContent":"Skip to main content","unsupportedBrowser":"Unfortunately we don't fully support your browser. If you have the option to, please upgrade to a newer version or use \u003c0\u003eMozilla Firefox\u003c/0\u003e, \u003c1\u003eMicrosoft Edge\u003c/1\u003e, \u003c2\u003eGoogle Chrome\u003c/2\u003e, or Safari 14 or newer. If you are unable to, and need support, please \u003c3\u003esend us your feedback\u003c/3\u003e.","dismiss":"Dismiss","secondaryNavigation":"Secondary navigation","frequentlyAskedQuestionsTitle":"Frequently asked questions","unsupportedEmbeddedVideo":"Your browser doesn't support HTML5 video","relatedLinks":"Related links","relatedResources":"Related resources","jumplinks":"In page navigation","lastUpdate":"Last updated on","opensInNewTabOrWindow":"opens in new tab/window","download":"Download","close":"Close","sidebarBack":"Back to","showLess":"Show less","clearAll":"Clear all","showNMore":"Show {{number}} more","continueToElsevierDotCom":"Continue to elsevier.com","pageOpensInNewTab":"Page opens in new tab","allRelatedTo":"All related to {{subject}}"},"book-companion":{"videoResources":"Video resources","buyOnGlobalStore":"Buy on global store","viewOnScienceDirect":"View on ScienceDirect","downloadableContent":"Downloadable content","shopTextTitle":"Shop for books, journals, and more.","shopTextBody":"Discover over 2,960 journals, 48,300 books, and many iconic reference works.","bookCtaLink":"Browse Books","journalCtaLink":"Browse Journals","resources":"Resources","elsevierBookPlaceholderImage":"Elsevier book placeholder image","edition":"Edition","bookCompanion":"Book Companion","untitledBook":"Untitled book"},"contacts":{"title":"Contact","personEmail":"E-mail {{nickname}}","personProfile":"Read more about {{nickname}}","profile":"Profile","contributor":"Contributor"},"cookies":{"bannerMessage":"We use cookies that are necessary to make our site work. We may also use additional cookies to analyze, improve, and personalize our content and your digital experience. For more information, see our \u003c0\u003eCookie Policy\u003c/0\u003e.","acceptAllCookies":"Accept all cookies","cookieSettings":"Cookie settings","consentBlocked":"Your browser blocked our cookie consent scripts. You are browsing anonymously.","dismiss":"Dismiss"},"error":{"pageNotFoundMessage":"The page you're looking for cannot be found","pageNotFoundTitle":"404 | Elsevier","errorPageMessage":"Unfortunately, we encountered a problem...","errorPageTitle":"Oops! | Elsevier","exploreMore":"Explore more on our website.","link":"Back to home page"},"footer":{"about":"About Elsevier","accessibility":"Accessibility","advertising":"Advertising, reprints \u0026 supplements","allProducts":"All products","betaExperience":"This is the beta experience for Elsevier. Only available in US English for now.","booksJournals":"Shop Books \u0026 Journals","careers":"Careers","connect":"Elsevier Connect","cookieSettings":"Cookie settings","copyright":"Copyright © {{ currentYear }} Elsevier, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","customerSupport":"Customer support","elsevier":"Elsevier","global":"Global | English","newsroom":"Newsroom","oldExperience":"Return to the \u003c0\u003eoriginal experience\u003c/0\u003e","openAccess":"Open access","privacy":"Privacy policy","relx":"Relx","resourceCenter":"Resource center","submit":"Submit your paper","socialNav":"Social media accounts","privacyNav":"Privacy and compliance","navLinksTitle":"Useful Links and Support","terms":"Terms \u0026 Conditions","chooseRegion":"Choose region and language","selectCountryOrGlobal":"Select another country or region to use content specific to your location or visit the \u003c0\u003eglobal website\u003c/0\u003e.","noRegionsGoToGlobal":"Something went wrong. Please continue using your current local site, visit the \u003c0\u003eglobal site\u003c/0\u003e, or try again later."},"forms":{"address_address":"Address line 1","address_address2":"Address line 2","address_city":"City","address_state":"State / Province","address_zip":"ZIP Postalcode","address_country":"Country","optOut":"If you do not wish to receive updates, offers and other information about relevant products, services and events from \u003c0\u003eElsevier\u003c/0\u003e, please tick the box.","name_prefix":"Prefix","name_first":"First name","name_middle":"Middle name","name_last":"Last name","name_initial":"Initial","name_suffix":"Suffix","validation_required":"{{fieldName}} is required","validation_minLength":"{{fieldName}} must be at least {{limit}} characters","validation_maxLength":"{{fieldName}} must not exceed length of {{limit}}","email_format":"email","tel_format":"telephone","tel_text":"text","validation_format":"{{fieldName}} is in an invalid {{fieldType}} format","validation_pattern":"{{fieldName}} is in an invalid {{fieldType}} format","submission_error":"This service is currently unavailable, apologies for any inconvenience caused","default_submission_confirmation":"Thank you for contacting us, we will be in touch soon","file_upload_limit":"File size is currently limited to {{fileUploadLimit}}.","select_file":"Select file","validation_minItems":"{{fieldName}} must select at least {{limit}} item(s)","startTyping":"Please start typing to search the list of organisations ...","noMatchingResults":"We could not find any organisations that match your entry","technicalDifficulties":"Sorry but we are having technical difficulties, and currently cannot retrieve any results. Please try again later!"},"form-labels":{"address_address":"Address line 1","address_address2":"Address line 2","address_city":"City","address_country":"Country","address_state":"State / Province","address_zip":"ZIP Postalcode","name_suffix":"Suffix","name_initial":"Initial","name_last":"Last name","name_first":"First name","name_prefix":"Prefix","name_middle":"Middle name","optOut":"If you do not wish to receive updates, offers and other information about relevant products, services and events from \u003c0\u003eElsevier\u003c/0\u003e, please tick the box.","Submit":"Submit","Field 1":"For test purposes only","What solutions and services are you interested in?":"What solutions and services are you interested in?","Scopus":"Scopus","SciVal":"SciVal","Pure":"Pure","Datasets - What solutions and services are you interested in?":"Datasets - What solutions and services are you interested in?","Datasets":"Datasets","Data enrichment":"Data enrichment","Data analytics":"Data analytics","User tools":"User tools","Expert support":"Expert support","Data enrichment - What solutions and services are you interested in?":"Data enrichment - What solutions and services are you interested in?","Data analytics - What solutions and services are you interested in?":"Data analytics - What solutions and services are you interested in?","Would you like to talk to an expert about Reaxys or reaction and bioactivity datasets?":"Would you like to talk to an expert about Reaxys or reaction and bioactivity datasets?","No, not at this time":"No, not at this time","Yes, contact me about Reaxys":"Yes, contact me about Reaxys","Yes, contact me about reaction and bioactivity datasets":"Yes, contact me about reaction and bioactivity datasets","What solutions are you interested in?":"What solutions are you interested in?","Analytical Services":"Analytical Services","Data Monitor":"Data Monitor","Digital Commons":"Digital Commons","Expert Lookup":"Expert Lookup","Funding Institutional":"Funding Institutional","EV Which Engineering Village database are you looking for?":"EV Which Engineering Village database are you looking for?","Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB)":"Chemical Business NewsBase (CBNB)","Chimica":"Chimica","Compendex":"Compendex","Ei Backfile":"Ei Backfile","Ei Patents":"Ei Patents","EnCompassLIT":"EnCompassLIT","EnCompassPAT":"EnCompassPAT","GEOBASE":"GEOBASE","GeoRef":"GeoRef","Inspec":"Inspec","Inspec Archive":"Inspec Archive","NTIS (National Technical Information Service)":"NTIS (National Technical Information Service)","PaperChem":"PaperChem","DC What solutions and services are you interested in?":"DC What solutions and services are you interested in?","Digital Commons institutional repository (IR)":"Digital Commons institutional repository (IR)","Digital Commons Data":"Digital Commons Data","Digital Commons Journals publishing":"Digital Commons Journals publishing","Digital Commons Exhibits":"Digital Commons Exhibits","Not sure":"Not sure","SC Which of these needs apply to your organization?":"Which of these needs apply to your organization?","Do research (find articles for R\u0026D, track SDG research, find collaborators)":"Do research (find articles for R\u0026D, track SDG research, find collaborators)","Track influence (of journals, authors, peers or competitors)Inform research strategy \u0026 funding opportunities":"Track influence (of journals, authors, peers or competitors)Inform research strategy \u0026 funding opportunities","Use Scopus metrics":"Use Scopus metrics","Manage profiles (authors, institution)":"Manage profiles (authors, institution)","Teach science \u0026 information literacy":"Teach science \u0026 information literacy","Other":"Other","What ScienceDirect options are you considering for your organization today?":"What ScienceDirect options are you considering for your organization today?","Full or complete ScienceDirect subscription":"Full or complete ScienceDirect subscription","Journal-focused subscription options or packages (e.g., College Edition, Government Edition, Corporate Edition, Subject Collection, Freedom Collection, Article Choice Bundle, Backfiles, Specific Titles)":"Journal-focused subscription options or packages (e.g., College Edition, Government Edition, Corporate Edition, Subject Collection, Freedom Collection, Article Choice Bundle, Backfiles, Specific Titles)","ScienceDirect eBooks, Major Reference Works, other books":"ScienceDirect eBooks, Major Reference Works, other books","Single book purchase":"Single book purchase","Single journal title subscription":"Single journal title subscription","Is there anything you would like to share about your organization’s goals and needs?":"Is there anything you would like to share about your organization’s goals and needs?","Yes, contact me about Reaxys and/or bioactivity and reaction datasets":"Yes, contact me about Reaxys and/or bioactivity and reaction datasets","About you":"About you","First name":"First name","Last name":"Last name","Work email address":"Work email address","Work phone":"Work phone","Job title":"Job title","About your organization":"About your organization","Organization":"Organization","Organization type":"Organization type","Academic":"Academic","Corporate":"Corporate","Distributor or Reseller":"Distributor or Reseller","Government":"Government","Medical / Health":"Medical / Health","Society / Association":"Society / Association","Industry":"Industry","Pharmaceuticals":"Pharmaceuticals","Medical devices":"Medical devices","Chemicals and materials":"Chemicals and materials","Energy and natural resources":"Energy and natural resources","Dept / School / College name":"Dept / School / College name","City":"City","What challenges are you looking to address?":"What challenges are you looking to address?","I am interested in":"I am interested in","Updating an institution profile":"Updating an institution profile","Updating an author profile":"Updating an author profile","Estimated number of users":"Estimated number of users","If you do not wish to receive updates, offers and other information about relevant products, services and events from Elsevier, please tick the box.":"If you do not wish to receive updates, offers and other information about relevant products, services and events from Elsevier, please tick the box.","Country / region":"Country / region","Afghanistan":"Afghanistan","Åland Islands":"Åland Islands","Albania":"Albania","Algeria":"Algeria","American Samoa":"American Samoa","Andorra":"Andorra","Angola":"Angola","Anguilla":"Anguilla","Antartica":"Antartica","Antigua and Barbuda":"Antigua and Barbuda","Argentina":"Argentina","Armenia":"Armenia","Aruba":"Aruba","Australia":"Australia","Austria":"Austria","Azerbaijan":"Azerbaijan","Bahamas":"Bahamas","Bahrain":"Bahrain","Bangladesh":"Bangladesh","Barbados":"Barbados","Belarus":"Belarus","Belgium":"Belgium","Benin":"Benin","Bhutan":"Bhutan","Bolivia":"Bolivia","Bosnia and Herzegovina":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","Botswana":"Botswana","Brazil":"Brazil","Brunei Darussalam":"Brunei Darussalam","Bulgaria":"Bulgaria","Burkina Faso":"Burkina Faso","Burundi":"Burundi","Cambodia":"Cambodia","Cameroon":"Cameroon","Canada":"Canada","Cabo Verde":"Cabo Verde","Cayman islands":"Cayman islands","Chad":"Chad","Chile":"Chile","China":"China","Coco Islands":"Coco Islands","Colombia":"Colombia","Congo":"Congo","Congo, Democratic Republic":"Congo, Democratic Republic","Cook Islands":"Cook Islands","Costa Rica":"Costa Rica","Côte d'Ivoire":"Côte d'Ivoire","Croatia":"Croatia","Cuba":"Cuba","Curaçao":"Curaçao","Cyprus":"Cyprus","Czechia":"Czechia","Denmark":"Denmark","Djibouti":"Djibouti","Dominican Republic":"Dominican Republic","Ecuador":"Ecuador","Egypt":"Egypt","El Salvador":"El Salvador","Equatorial Guinea":"Equatorial Guinea","Eritrea":"Eritrea","Estonia":"Estonia","Ethiopia":"Ethiopia","Fiji":"Fiji","Finland":"Finland","France":"France","Gabon":"Gabon","Gambia":"Gambia","Georgia":"Georgia","Germany":"Germany","Ghana":"Ghana","Gibraltar":"Gibraltar","Greece":"Greece","Greenland":"Greenland","Grenada":"Grenada","Guatemala":"Guatemala","Guinea":"Guinea","Guyana":"Guyana","Haiti":"Haiti","Heard Island and McDonald Islands":"Heard Island and McDonald Islands","Holy See":"Holy See","Honduras":"Honduras","Hong Kong":"Hong Kong","Hungary":"Hungary","Iceland":"Iceland","India":"India","Indonesia":"Indonesia","Iran":"Iran","Iraq":"Iraq","Ireland":"Ireland","Isle of Man":"Isle of Man","Israel":"Israel","Italy":"Italy","Jamaica":"Jamaica","Japan":"Japan","Jordan":"Jordan","Kazakhstan":"Kazakhstan","Kenya":"Kenya","Korea, North":"Korea, North","Korea, South":"Korea, South","Kuwait":"Kuwait","Kyrgyzstan":"Kyrgyzstan","Latvia":"Latvia","Lebanon":"Lebanon","Lesotho":"Lesotho","Liberia":"Liberia","Libya":"Libya","Lithuania":"Lithuania","Luxembourg":"Luxembourg","Madagascar":"Madagascar","Malawi":"Malawi","Malaysia":"Malaysia","Maldives":"Maldives","Mali":"Mali","Malta":"Malta","Martinique":"Martinique","Mauritania":"Mauritania","Mauritius":"Mauritius","Mexico":"Mexico","Moldova":"Moldova","Monaco":"Monaco","Mongolia":"Mongolia","Montenegro":"Montenegro","Montserrat":"Montserrat","Morocco":"Morocco","Mozambique":"Mozambique","Myanmar":"Myanmar","Namibia":"Namibia","Nepal":"Nepal","Netherlands":"Netherlands","New Caledonia":"New Caledonia","New Zealand":"New Zealand","Nicaragua":"Nicaragua","Niger":"Niger","Nigeria":"Nigeria","Norfolk Island":"Norfolk Island","North Macedonia":"North Macedonia","Norway":"Norway","Oman":"Oman","Pakistan":"Pakistan","Panama":"Panama","Papua New Guinea":"Papua New Guinea","Paraguay":"Paraguay","Peru":"Peru","Philippines":"Philippines","Poland":"Poland","Portugal":"Portugal","Puerto Rico":"Puerto Rico","Qatar":"Qatar","Réunion":"Réunion","Romania":"Romania","Russian Federation":"Russian Federation","Rwanda":"Rwanda","Saint Kitts and Nevis":"Saint Kitts and Nevis","Saint Lucia":"Saint Lucia","Saint Vincent and the Grenadines":"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","Samoa":"Samoa","Saudi Arabia":"Saudi Arabia","Senegal":"Senegal","Serbia":"Serbia","Seychelles":"Seychelles","Singapore":"Singapore","Sint Maarten":"Sint Maarten","Slovakia":"Slovakia","Slovenia":"Slovenia","Somalia":"Somalia","South Africa":"South Africa","South Sudan":"South Sudan","Spain":"Spain","Sri Lanka":"Sri Lanka","Sudan":"Sudan","Suriname":"Suriname","Svalbard and Jan Mayen":"Svalbard and Jan Mayen","Eswatini":"Eswatini","Sweden":"Sweden","Switzerland":"Switzerland","Syrian Arab Republic":"Syrian Arab Republic","Taiwan":"Taiwan","Tajikistan":"Tajikistan","Tanzania, the United Republic of":"Tanzania, the United Republic of","Thailand":"Thailand","Togo":"Togo","Tokelau":"Tokelau","Tonga":"Tonga","Trinidad and Tobago":"Trinidad and Tobago","Tunisia":"Tunisia","Turkey":"Turkey","Uganda":"Uganda","Ukraine":"Ukraine","United Arab Emirates":"United Arab Emirates","United Kingdom":"United Kingdom","United States of America":"United States of America","Uruguay":"Uruguay","United States Minor Outlying Islands":"United States Minor Outlying Islands","Uzbekistan":"Uzbekistan","Vanuatu":"Vanuatu","Venezuela":"Venezuela","Viet Nam":"Viet Nam","Virgin Islands, British":"Virgin Islands, British","Virgin Islands, U.S.":"Virgin Islands, U.S.","Wallis and Futuna":"Wallis and Futuna","Western Sahara":"Western Sahara","Yemen":"Yemen","Zambia":"Zambia","Zimbabwe":"Zimbabwe","organisation_search_name":"Organisation","How can our Sales team help you?":"How can our Sales team help you?","Dentistry":"Dentistry","Health Professions":"Health Professions","Medicine":"Medicine","Nursing":"Nursing","Veterinary":"Veterinary","Basic Sciences":"Basic Sciences","Dental Anaesthesia":"Dental Anaesthesia","Dental Assisting":"Dental Assisting","Dental Auxilliary":"Dental Auxilliary","Dental Hygiene":"Dental Hygiene","Dental Materials":"Dental Materials","Dental Microbiology and Infection":"Dental Microbiology and Infection","Dental Therapeutics and Pharmacology":"Dental Therapeutics and Pharmacology","Endodontics":"Endodontics","General":"General","Medicine, Surgery and Pathology":"Medicine, Surgery and Pathology","Operative":"Operative","Oral Medicine":"Oral Medicine","Oral Pathology":"Oral Pathology","Oral Radiology":"Oral Radiology","Oral Surgery":"Oral Surgery","Orthodontics":"Orthodontics","Paediatric":"Paediatric","Periodontics":"Periodontics","Practice Mgmt and Community Dent":"Practice Mgmt and Community Dent","Preventive":"Preventive","Prosthetic":"Prosthetic","Aquatics/Life-Saving":"Aquatics/Life-Saving","Chiropractic":"Chiropractic","Clinical Laboratory Science":"Clinical Laboratory Science","Complementary Medicine":"Complementary Medicine","Diet Therapy":"Diet Therapy","Emergency Medical Services":"Emergency Medical Services","Fire Science/Trucks":"Fire Science/Trucks","Health Information Management":"Health Information Management","Health Occupations":"Health Occupations","Health Policy":"Health Policy","Health Professions: General":"Health Professions: General","Health Risk Assessment":"Health Risk Assessment","Hospital Admin and Management":"Hospital Admin and Management","Hospital Administration and Care":"Hospital Administration and Care","Imaging Technologies":"Imaging Technologies","Manual Therapy":"Manual Therapy","Massage Therapy":"Massage Therapy","Medical Administration":"Medical Administration","Medical Assisting and Transcription":"Medical Assisting and Transcription","Medical Laboratory Technicians":"Medical Laboratory Technicians","Medical Terminology":"Medical Terminology","Medical Transportation":"Medical Transportation","Occupational Therapy":"Occupational Therapy","Operating Theatre Technicians and Assistants":"Operating Theatre Technicians and Assistants","Optometry":"Optometry","Osteopathy":"Osteopathy","Pharmacognosy":"Pharmacognosy","Pharmacy":"Pharmacy","Physical Therapy":"Physical Therapy","Podiatry":"Podiatry","Psychology":"Psychology","Radiography":"Radiography","Rehabilitation":"Rehabilitation","Respiratory Care":"Respiratory Care","Speech and Hearing":"Speech and Hearing","Sports Science":"Sports Science","Surgical Technology":"Surgical Technology","Allergy and Clinical Immunology":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology","Anaesthesiology":"Anaesthesiology","Anatomy":"Anatomy","Basic Medical Science":"Basic Medical Science","Behavioural Science":"Behavioural Science","Biochemistry and Chemistry":"Biochemistry and Chemistry","Cardiology":"Cardiology","Clinical/General Medicine":"Clinical/General Medicine","Critical Care":"Critical Care","Dermatology":"Dermatology","Diseases":"Diseases","Embryology":"Embryology","Emergency Medicine":"Emergency Medicine","Endocrinology":"Endocrinology","Epidemiology and Public Health":"Epidemiology and Public Health","Family Medicine":"Family Medicine","Gastroenterology and Hepatology":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology","Genetics":"Genetics","Geriatrics":"Geriatrics","Healing":"Healing","Hematology":"Hematology","Histology":"Histology","Infectious Diseases":"Infectious Diseases","Internal Medicine":"Internal Medicine","Lab and Diagnostic Tests":"Lab and Diagnostic Tests","Medical Equipment and Techniques":"Medical Equipment and Techniques","Medical Reference":"Medical Reference","Microbiology":"Microbiology","Nephrology":"Nephrology","Neurology":"Neurology","Obstetrics and Gynecology":"Obstetrics and Gynecology","Oncology":"Oncology","Ophthalmology":"Ophthalmology","Orthopedics":"Orthopedics","Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery":"Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery","Otolaryngology":"Otolaryngology","Palliative Medicine":"Palliative Medicine","Pathology":"Pathology","Pediatrics":"Pediatrics","Perinatology and Neonatology":"Perinatology and Neonatology","Pharmacology":"Pharmacology","Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","Physicians":"Physicians","Physicians Assistant":"Physicians Assistant","Physiology":"Physiology","Psychiatry":"Psychiatry","Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine","Radiology":"Radiology","Rheumatology":"Rheumatology","Sleep Medicine":"Sleep Medicine","Sports Medicine":"Sports Medicine","Surgery":"Surgery","Urology":"Urology","Adult Nursing":"Adult Nursing","Advanced Practice Nursing":"Advanced Practice Nursing","Anatomy and Physiology":"Anatomy and Physiology","Anesthesia":"Anesthesia","Assessment and Diagnosis":"Assessment and Diagnosis","Assisting":"Assisting","Basic Science":"Basic Science","Cardiovascular Care":"Cardiovascular Care","Care Planning":"Care Planning","Case Management":"Case Management","Children''s Nursing":"Children''s Nursing","Communication and Counselling Skills":"Communication and Counselling Skills","Community Nursing":"Community Nursing","Community and Home Care":"Community and Home Care","Dermatology and Wound Care":"Dermatology and Wound Care","Dictionaries":"Dictionaries","Education":"Education","Emergency":"Emergency","Ethics, Law and Philosophy":"Ethics, Law and Philosophy","Forensic Mental Health":"Forensic Mental Health","Foundation Textbooks":"Foundation Textbooks","Fundamentals and Skills":"Fundamentals and Skills","Gastrointestinal System":"Gastrointestinal System","General Clinical Nursing":"General Clinical Nursing","Health Care Assistant":"Health Care Assistant","Health Promotion":"Health Promotion","Infection Control Nursing":"Infection Control Nursing","Issues and Trends":"Issues and Trends","LPN and LVN":"LPN and LVN","Leadership and Management":"Leadership and Management","Learning Disabilities":"Learning Disabilities","Maths":"Maths","Medical, Surgical - Advanced Practice":"Medical, Surgical - Advanced Practice","Medical-Surgical":"Medical-Surgical","Mens Health":"Mens Health","Midwifery":"Midwifery","Neurological Nursing":"Neurological Nursing","Nutrition and Dietetics":"Nutrition and Dietetics","Ophthalmic Nursing":"Ophthalmic Nursing","Orthopaedic Nursing":"Orthopaedic Nursing","Pathophysiology":"Pathophysiology","Patient Education":"Patient Education","Process/Diagnosis":"Process/Diagnosis","Psychiatric and Mental Health":"Psychiatric and Mental Health","Renal and Urological Nursing":"Renal and Urological Nursing","Research":"Research","Research and Theory":"Research and Theory","Respiratory Nursing":"Respiratory Nursing","Review":"Review","Revision Aids and Study Skills":"Revision Aids and Study Skills","Sexual Health":"Sexual Health","Social Work+I28":"Social Work+I28","Sociology and Social Policy":"Sociology and Social Policy","Surgical Nursing":"Surgical Nursing","Theory":"Theory","Academic (Medical, Pharmacy or Nursing College/University)":"Academic (Medical, Pharmacy or Nursing College/University)","Government (DoD, Federal, State, etc.)":"Government (DoD, Federal, State, etc.)","Payer (Health Plans, Benefits Management, Care Organization, PBM, TPA, etc.)":"Payer (Health Plans, Benefits Management, Care Organization, PBM, TPA, etc.)","Provider - Ambulatory/Out-Patient Facility":"Provider - Ambulatory/Out-Patient Facility","Provider - Healthcare Network":"Provider - Healthcare Network","Provider - Home Health Care/Agency":"Provider - Home Health Care/Agency","Provider - Hospital":"Provider - Hospital","Provider - Human Services":"Provider - Human Services","Provider - Long Term Care (Nursing Home, Skilled Nursing facility, Rehabilitation Center…)":"Provider - Long Term Care (Nursing Home, Skilled Nursing facility, Rehabilitation Center…)","Provider - Medical Group Practice":"Provider - Medical Group Practice","Technology (HIT, EMR, EHR, etc.)":"Technology (HIT, EMR, EHR, etc.)","Executive/Executive Director/C-Level":"Executive/Executive Director/C-Level","Education - Dean/Lead/Head (School/Department)":"Education - Dean/Lead/Head (School/Department)","Librarian":"Librarian","Education - Course Lead/Head of Year":"Education - Course Lead/Head of Year","Resident/Trainee/Junior Doctor":"Resident/Trainee/Junior Doctor","Clinician/Physician/Practitioner/Doctor":"Clinician/Physician/Practitioner/Doctor","Researcher":"Researcher","Education-Educator (Preceptor/Lecturer/Instructor)":"Education-Educator (Preceptor/Lecturer/Instructor)","Student":"Student","Faculty":"Faculty","Informaticist":"Informaticist","IT":"IT","Patient Care / Quality / Compliance / Safety":"Patient Care / Quality / Compliance / Safety","Pharmacist":"Pharmacist","Staff Development / HR":"Staff Development / HR","Author":"Author","Nurse Management":"Nurse Management","Nurse/RN":"Nurse/RN","Frontline Supervisor":"Frontline Supervisor","Case Manager":"Case Manager","Marketing":"Marketing","Pricing and Reimbursement":"Pricing and Reimbursement","Sales":"Sales","Fellow":"Fellow","Support Worker":"Support Worker"},"header":{"returnToOldExperience":"Return to the original experience","feedbackOnNewExperience":"We'd appreciate your feedback.","tellUsWhatYouThink":"Tell us what you think!","hideMenu":"Hide Menu","showMenu":"Show Menu","backToMainNavigation":"Back\u003c0\u003e to main navigation\u003c/0\u003e","mainNavigation":"Main site navigation","userIcon":"User account","cartIcon":"Shopping Cart","openSearch":"Open Search","closeSearch":"Close Search","publishWithUs":"Publish with us","globeIcon":"Location Selector"},"home":{"relatedLinksTitle":"Featured topics and communities"},"locales":{"selectCountryOrGlobal":"Select another country or region to use content specific to your location or visit the \u003c0\u003eglobal website\u003c/0\u003e.","chooseRegion":"Choose region and language","noLocalContentToShow":"Sorry, we have no local content to show here","viewContentOnGlobal":"Would you like to view the latest content that we do have available, (only available in English) on our global website?"},"preview":{"viewingUnpublishedContent":"Viewing unpublished content","exitPreviewMode":"Exit preview mode"},"search":{"pageTitle":"Search | Elsevier","searchText":"What are you looking for?","openSearch":"Open search","closeSearch":"Close search","authorListOne":"By {{person}}","authorListMultiple":"By {{people}} and {{personLast}}","journals":"Journals","books":"Books","topResultInBooks":"Top result in books","seeMoreBooks":"See {{approxTotalBooks}} more books","openAccess":"Open access","journalCatalogTitle":"Journal catalog","journalCatalogDescription":"Choose the journal that’s right for you. Browse through over 2,900 Elsevier titles across all areas of science, so you’ll always find the best match for your research. Search by keyword, filter by subject area or access type and sort by relevance.","searchForElsevierJournals":"Search for Elsevier journals","journalCoverFor":"Journal cover for {{title}}","subscribeToJournal":"Subscribe to journal","allFilters":"Filters","totalResults":"results","clearSearch":"Clear","webshop":"From our webshop","relatedJournals":"Related journals","relatedBooks":"Related books","journalHomepage":"Journal Homepage","completeAnatomyTitle":"Complete Anatomy Articles","completeAnatomyDescription":"A collection of articles featuring written content and 2D images from Complete Anatomy, the world's most advanced 3D anatomy platform.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003curl\u003eDownload Complete Anatomy\u003c/url\u003e from your app store for the full 3D experience.","allFiltersSidebarHeader":"All filters","globalNoResultsFound":"No results found for your search on \u003c0\u003eelsevier.com\u003c/0\u003e","articlePublishingChargesDiscover":"Discover Article publishing charges (APC)","articlePublishingChargesShowLess":"Show less","articlePublishingChargesLoading":"Loading..."},"webinar":{"title":"Webinar","register":"Register now","speaker":"Speaker","speakers":"Speakers","relatedResources":"Related resources","speaker_one":"Speaker","speaker_other":"Speakers"}},"en-us":{"article":{},"common":{},"book-companion":{},"contacts":{},"cookies":{},"error":{},"footer":{},"forms":{},"form-labels":{},"header":{},"home":{},"locales":{},"preview":{},"search":{},"webinar":{}}},"initialLocale":"en-US","userConfig":null},"template":{"id":"home","items":[{"component":"HomeHeader","id":"22475941-6eba-42ac-9a95-87c345033add"},{"component":"HomeTabTeasers","id":"61e0bd60-43b3-4300-b9fc-666380b32d12"},{"component":"HomeInsights","id":"ea1fb206-2543-4ac1-8d60-c9141fd39332"},{"component":"HomeRelatedLinks","optional":true,"id":"4acb6424-cba3-4c85-a816-09d2cba4ad2e"},{"component":"HomeCareers","optional":true,"id":"1df0a7ad-4703-4fe7-996f-6a144ecaed65"},{"component":"HomeRelatedResources","optional":true,"id":"5e745245-a25d-4f96-b1ae-c925770fded5"}],"analyticsPageType":"Home Page","hideRelatedLinks":true,"removeBlockEndGap":false},"pageId":"517eHjBIQfeIDRETwQIbM4","breadcrumbs":[],"contentId":"dDeGgowddmY8UCFSlGcxw","image":null,"pageComponentProps":{"22475941-6eba-42ac-9a95-87c345033add":{"props":{"title":"For the benefit of society","titleEmphasis":"of society","subText":"We help researchers and healthcare professionals advance science and improve healthcare outcomes.","carousel":{"cards":[{"id":"7iquzbiskKu1nt9HknU4UQ","title":"ClinicalKey AI Content Fortress","href":"https://subscriptions.elsevier.com/clinicalkey-ai?utm_campaign=D2C+CKAI+Product+Launch2227NA240023NA\u0026utm_source=ECOM_NA\u0026utm_medium=DG\u0026utm_content=\u0026campid=2227NA240023\u0026dgcid=HS_NA_D2C+CKAI+Product+Launch_2227NA240023_ECOM_DG_CS","external":true,"linkText":"Trial ClinicalKey AI now","svgIcon":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/67aqqvkAtQrTLhnxaJuIAx/bd1f6518f352b969c12f19e89f1ec4cb/ClinicalKey-AI-Content-title.svg","alt":"ClinicalKey-AI-Content-title","width":348,"height":169},"backgroundImage":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/5sMXHpS4jRbMmMIq2LO9Rp/4713c27b427fed68212132d9b856b7ad/Carousel-ClinicalKey-AI-Content.jpg","alt":"Clinician using ClinicalKey AI on a device","width":450,"height":600},"loading":"eager"},{"id":"4GHHsJpERBAX2P3DgaAjFd","title":"Sherpath AI carousel","href":"/products/sherpath/sherpath-ai","external":false,"linkText":"Discover personalized learning","svgIcon":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/DHX01wvkj3YnrqxelWozT/9c604bf54013cde2537caa7634870077/Sherpath-AI-Enhanced-Ed-title.svg","alt":"Sherpath AI carousel title","width":348,"height":170},"backgroundImage":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2nEiGMm8YdkZ4BsfBSm5VE/e6b70fed739a0833e8986dd9ba497bc4/Carousel-Sherpath-AI-Enhanced-Ed.jpg","alt":"Smiling nurse with stethoscope","width":450,"height":600},"loading":"lazy"},{"id":"55YGKu5JNYXbqeFd4rAvoK","title":"Diversity at Elsevier - The Power of Inclusion","href":"https://diversityat.elsevier.com/","external":true,"linkText":"Discover our inclusive culture","svgIcon":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/7hI98msrGy7jhxP54aZwt4/371fc9f40eced1b5a6ea5480681d9d70/Diversity-at-Elsevier-Inclusion-title.svg","alt":"Diversity at Elsevier - The Power of Inclusion","width":349,"height":170},"backgroundImage":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2CkWVfsi7X36BdaDVr1zsG/e35b710972d432378d8bcded666e3fe0/Carousel-Diversity-at-Elsevier-Inclusion.jpg","alt":"Two diverse employees standing together ","width":450,"height":600},"loading":"lazy"},{"id":"4wPM49ZeGmPSsTI69n1LNv","title":"Insights 2024: Attitudes Toward AI","href":"/insights/attitudes-toward-ai","external":false,"linkText":"Discover the insights","svgIcon":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/3Z1gBVOYvAOw53qPjDKgn6/59aa201e26f99535c9f7e933ab3b0f7c/Attitudes-Toward-AI-title.svg","alt":"Attitudes-Toward-AI-title","width":348,"height":170},"backgroundImage":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/1xquYc65360gT8CeVvz50w/4476ebce95fd6936d159066929485c9b/Carousel-Attitudes-Toward-AI.jpg","alt":"Researcher looking at colorful graphic on large screen while holding a device","width":450,"height":600},"loading":"lazy"},{"id":"1Mzihy2W6ElO9tgG45ucId","title":"Open Access: Building Sustainability","href":"/open-access/transformative-case-studies","external":false,"linkText":"Hear from library leaders","svgIcon":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/1e4v3YOGhuXVIFnysI2Poo/1a890eb45c1b97e00c7910f0c8a35ca0/OA-Building-Sustainability-title.svg","alt":"Open Access: Building Sustainability","width":348,"height":170},"backgroundImage":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/5wzK4zvsNh7N88UnwVGyEd/0c6fe682fead8b46aa056fa37b61b9df/Carousel-OA-Building-Sustainability.jpg","alt":"Three colleagues reviewing documents","width":450,"height":600},"loading":"lazy"}]},"linkText":"I want to...","links":{"links":[{"link":{"href":"/researcher/author/publish-with-us","label":"Publish with Elsevier","external":false},"icon":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/6rW0QJoLHXXlihNjd2p8xH/6aa99c9a890f6c66e611bc25f2e07045/icon-publish.svg","alt":"","width":48,"height":48}},{"link":{"href":"https://www.sciencedirect.com","label":"Find a journal article","external":true},"icon":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2xXJ4cjwb8VlmR3oBk1iXI/831fd8531a316936da537611c5f8c51a/icon-find-journal.svg","alt":"","width":49,"height":48}},{"link":{"href":"/products","label":"Discover products","external":false},"icon":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/4FWjwbNNXp7fEeR5oaEBqf/8691a9f766ce0788a0a4e38ba92b0c90/icon-discover-products.svg","alt":"","width":48,"height":48}},{"link":{"href":"https://shop.elsevier.com/search","label":"Shop books \u0026 journals","external":true},"icon":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/4uYbKu0nDbjtBdwctcqMHT/78273731e863dac14235639238cdc8e2/icon-shop-books.svg","alt":"","width":49,"height":48}},{"link":{"href":"/about/careers","label":"Find a job","external":false},"icon":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/5P70GacJvamuTGS8I2mKKS/1c3d968e6220685c9a0c9a488baf70d7/icon-find-job.svg","alt":"","width":48,"height":48}}]},"landscapeImage":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/ZrvEoqhJGDwTNZ3h91tcP/d8ca36316f7a520f9ac977137c2c1c87/header-background-desktop.webp","alt":"","width":1440,"height":832},"portraitImage":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/73rJ7ExSCz3noeh3iRub06/88e18cbfb179ed1a95f7d6ee9a781bec/header-background-mobile.webp","alt":"","width":375,"height":832}}},"61e0bd60-43b3-4300-b9fc-666380b32d12":{"props":{"id":"2wOyuafVmKqmBchYSnfLL9","title":"Products and services for informed decisions","items":[{"title":"Academic \u0026 Government","contentTitle":"Advancing research for the benefit of society","content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"To support researchers, librarians, research leaders and funders, we curate and enrich research with high-quality data and analytics and help customers address challenges at every stage of the research journey.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"From researcher tools to research management and evaluation solutions, learn how we can help you improve productivity and amplify research impact.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"link":{"href":null,"label":"Explore Academic \u0026 Government","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/academic-and-government"}},"image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/L6rj4ONvIh5OG43EOjwOd/6f08cc38e38d4f7c2a9d0f8fb6717538/academic-government.webp","alt":"Explore Academic \u0026 Government","width":580,"height":532}},{"title":"Health","contentTitle":"Improving the world's health outcomes","content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"We support clinicians, patients, policymakers and educators with innovative tools and data-driven insights to educate the growing number of students, improve patient outcomes and help patients take an active role in their care.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Learn how our evidence-based content and teaching tools can help you make a greater impact.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"link":{"href":null,"label":"Explore Health","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/health"}},"image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/O1r7AvHjvo9UVPEwZGQxa/17d70ab0fbca11ea7b26cf847ea50721/health.webp","alt":"Explore Health","width":580,"height":532}},{"title":"Industry","contentTitle":"Enabling scientific insights for better innovation outcomes","content":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"R\u0026D is transforming. Industry leaders must move quickly to solve critical challenges for the betterment of people and the planet. Elsevier provides the tools and technology you need to respond effectively. We combine authoritative data with subject matter and data science expertise to deliver reliable, actionable insights.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Learn more about our Innovation Intelligence solutions.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"},"link":{"href":null,"label":"Explore Industry","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/industry"}},"image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2WdEGyt6JQHwXiZ8G4mFIH/ce8c75acdf956a60fe57c24990a7c82b/industry.webp","alt":"Explore Industry","width":580,"height":532}}]}},"ea1fb206-2543-4ac1-8d60-c9141fd39332":{"props":{"main":{"headline":"Insights for better outcomes","description":"Dr. Kristina Johnson shares insights from her journey in academia, research and entrepreneurship.","cta":"Learn more","title":"Not Alone: Lessons in innovation","url":"/connect/encouraging-innovation-and-commercialization-as-an-academic-leader","image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2XjAkTFoZISMtfUxRJDmck/6aec872b68871de3f609d9131200102d/Snippet-Not-Alone-University-Leader.jpg","alt":"Portrait of Dr Kristina M Johnson, Past President of The Ohio State University and former Chancellor of the State University of New York (SUNY).","width":1480,"height":1100}},"items":[{"title":"Engineering a solution for an inclusive STEM ecosystem","url":"/connect/engineering-a-solution-for-an-inclusive-stem-ecosystem","image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/7AqjRN5js4ngUFoQse1gAU/73a28786788044e02dcfc579e57a9f45/Susan-Margulies-snippet-image.jpg","alt":"Photo of Dr Susan Margulies, Assistant Director of the National Science Foundation Engineering Directorate, on a decorative background. (Photo credit: Emory University)","width":600,"height":450},"sectionTheme":"Connect"},{"title":"Navigating the complexities of free speech: Reflections on a difficult year","url":"/connect/navigating-the-complexities-of-free-speech-reflections-on-a-difficult-year","image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/6V2TXyzw7WBOiZ9gdBYNnH/135da0133463c26ab2ff852b570d02a5/Sarah-Mangelsdorf-snippet.png","alt":"University of Rochester President Sarah C Mangelsdorf","width":600,"height":450},"sectionTheme":"Connect"},{"title":"Reinventing the land-grant university to grow jobs, companies, talent and global competitiveness","url":"/connect/reinventing-the-land-grant-university-to-grow-jobs","image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/3jOgJmCWABnIgbn4sPLZ5U/5035433830d082d615dd1af5114206e3/Mung-Chiang-snippet.png","alt":"Photo of Prof Mung Chiang, President of Purdue University","width":600,"height":450},"sectionTheme":"Connect"}]}},"4acb6424-cba3-4c85-a816-09d2cba4ad2e":{"props":{"title":"home:relatedLinksTitle","links":[{"href":null,"label":"Sustainability","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/sustainability"}},{"href":null,"label":"Open science","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/open-science"}},{"href":null,"label":"Gender \u0026 Diversity","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/gender-diversity"}},{"href":null,"label":"Healthcare \u0026 Medicine","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/healthcare-medicine"}},{"href":null,"label":"Research leadership","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/research-leadership"}},{"href":null,"label":"Data \u0026 Analytics","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/data-analytics"}},{"href":null,"label":"Researchers","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/researchers"}},{"href":null,"label":"Librarians","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/librarian"}}]}},"1df0a7ad-4703-4fe7-996f-6a144ecaed65":{"props":{"id":"2NaeP0Bzc6jipqhDK4O7UF","title":"Careers at Elsevier","media":{"__typename":"Video","body":{"name":"Career video_Elsevier Bringing Experience to Life","title":"Career video_Elsevier Bringing Experience to Life","video":{"src":"//videos.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2dy6hNuliVUBRCnqiWY5eG/74ba3ef4aa2a3d0549561f31a46017c0/Elsevier_Bringing_Experience_to_Life_Final_Pass.mp4","title":"Career video_Elsevier Bringing Experience to Life","description":"","uploadDate":"2023-09-19T11:03:02.290Z","contenttype":"video/mp4","width":480,"height":361,"id":"2dy6hNuliVUBRCnqiWY5eG"},"subtitles":{"label":"Elsevier Bringing Experience to Life-captions","src":"//assets.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/1ouXxsItHDE9oWRRkzZNbo/87b9941d8cedbb8911db8d6170683bf8/Elsevier_Bringing_Experience_to_Life-SUBS.vtt","kind":"subtitles","srcLang":"en","default":true},"image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/2XrBpSdjPK1OJXAAFYU8iw/76ffd0f25465502c9a704dcfc2aa6c64/Teaser-Elsevier-careers-video-thumbnail.jpg","alt":"Employees smiling and clapping","width":480,"height":361}}},"primaryLink":{"href":null,"label":"Explore careers at Elsevier","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/careers"}},"secondaryLink":null,"body":{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"We're building a great workplace culture at Elsevier where amazing people, like you and others, can do purposeful work, grow every day and work with colleagues who care. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"}}},"5e745245-a25d-4f96-b1ae-c925770fded5":{"props":{"title":"Discover more about Elsevier","showMore":{"label":"","href":null,"page":{"slug":""}},"resources":[{"id":"34pIohEDDuTkUJliLHRdBT","title":"Elsevier inclusion \u0026 diversity data snapshot 2024","subtitle":"Connect","href":"/connect/elsevier-inclusion-and-diversity-data-snapshot-2024","image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/4VkiLCBuTbJflQSQg8xUfE/6d6d334468ae72fd70ad9a9e395bea18/header-Connect-Angelica-Kerr-and-Judy-Verses.jpg","alt":"Angelica Kerr (left), a Data Reporting Analyst at Elsevier, talks with Judy Verses, President of Academic \u0026 Government Markets, in Elsevier’s New York office. (Photo by Alison Bert)"},"location":"","publishDate":"2024-03-08"},{"id":"3BAD1NtSEyjIJKmeijeqnY","title":"Elsevier named Best Company for Diversity","subtitle":"Connect","href":"/connect/elsevier-named-best-company-for-diversity","image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2dn0JU6enFE6iRYTUvdVON/353ba17e752e110589e673e2b9010c65/Elsevier-company-meeting-Dubrovnik.jpg","alt":"Elsevier colleagues meeting at a retreat"},"location":"","publishDate":"2023-12-19"},{"id":"25TiK4GN7rLgODN6iMef7n","title":"Elsevier ranked #2 worldwide for work-life balance ","subtitle":"Connect","href":"/connect/elsevier-ranked-2-worldwide-for-work-life-balance","image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2y9FIwBPHOtfH1Sj04Syyt/f12f294b97983e97e3435c90c01d32cf/global-comms-2023_2.jpg","alt":"Taking a break from work in the UK (Photo by Alison Bert)"},"location":"","publishDate":"2023-10-04"},{"id":"1ZHLpziqG9gFYlJkLbBzJv","title":"Elsevier CEO Kumsal Bayazit shines as #2 Best CEO for Women","subtitle":"Connect","href":"/connect/elsevier-ceo-kumsal-bayazit-shines-as-a-best-ceo-for-women","image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/1V441C8FQ7euheYgUPhk91/7ffacc65c276cdce4bfcb14e03b49846/Kumsal-townhall-NYC.jpg","alt":"Elsevier CEO Kumsal Bayazit gives a town hall in the New York office. (Photo by Alison Bert)"},"location":"","publishDate":"2023-06-16"},{"id":"1d8903BwsbhUWmsx5kSYiT","title":"Women’s empowerment is a reality at Elsevier — here’s my experience","subtitle":"Connect","href":"/connect/womens-empowerment-is-a-reality-at-elsevier-heres-my-experience","image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/2Cjo3Zowqq3Cy3ohkw2DsV/0cff384a0533f19ecfda3c79cc6d7bec/PageList-Growing-Every-Day-Erin-Hill-Parks.jpg","alt":"Dr Erin Hill-Parks"},"location":"","publishDate":"2023-03-06"},{"id":"4hua8jVUa2sankBpPNwqhu","title":"Our journey with rare diseases gives even more meaning to my work at Elsevier ","subtitle":"Connect","href":"/connect/our-journey-with-rare-diseases-gives-even-more-meaning-to-my-work-at-elsevier","image":{"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/zlnfaxb2lcqx/OQkRodp4jhhjblyEZlnL1/fcc0c4ea677ea03718e3eb3404e67748/Joslyn-and-Samantha-Kyrsten-Ashlay-Photography.jpg","alt":"Joslyn and her daughter, Samantha (Photo © Krysten Ashlay Photography)"},"location":"","publishDate":"2023-07-21"}]}}},"navigation":[{"id":"navigation-item-0","title":"Academic \u0026 Government","items":[{"title":"Explore all","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Academic \u0026 Government","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/academic-and-government"}},"description":""}]},{"title":"Featured products","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://shop.elsevier.com/","label":"Elsevier Shop","openInNewWindow":true},"description":"Discover books, journals and more"},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"ScienceDirect","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/sciencedirect"}},"description":"Peer-reviewed scholarly literature"},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Scopus","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/scopus"}},"description":"Multidisciplinary abstract \u0026 citation database"},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"SciVal","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/scival"}},"description":"Strategic insights to help research programs"},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Reaxys","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/reaxys"}},"description":"An expert-curated chemistry database"},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com/products#0-products-for-a\u0026g","label":"All products","openInNewWindow":false},"description":""}]},{"title":"Solutions","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Researcher Tools","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/researcher-tools"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Institutional Strategy","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/institutional-strategy"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Academic \u0026 Research Operations","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/academic-and-research-operations"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Funding \u0026 Collaboration Opportunities","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/funding-and-collaboration-opportunities"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Institutional Reputation \u0026 Rankings","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/institutional-reputation-and-rankings"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"STEM Education","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/stem-education"}},"description":""}]},{"title":"Resources for","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Researcher \u0026 Author","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/researcher"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Editors","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/editor"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Reviewer","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/reviewer"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Librarian","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/librarian"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Academic \u0026 Research Leader","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/academic-and-research-leader"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Funder","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/funder"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Strategic Partners","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/strategic-partners"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Societies","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/societies"}},"description":""}]}]},{"id":"navigation-item-1","title":"Health","items":[{"title":"Explore all","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Health","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/health"}},"description":""}]},{"title":"Featured products","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://shop.elsevier.com/","label":"Elsevier Shop","openInNewWindow":true},"description":"Discover books, journals and more"},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"ClinicalKey","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/clinicalkey"}},"description":"Answers at the point of care"},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"ClinicalKey AI","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/clinicalkey/clinicalkey-ai"}},"description":"Trusted Content. Powered by Responsible AI."},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Evolve","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/evolve"}},"description":"Single access site for program offerings and digital course materials"},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Complete Anatomy","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/complete-anatomy"}},"description":"Advanced 3D anatomy platform"},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Osmosis","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/osmosis"}},"description":"Learning medicine made simple"},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com/products#1-products-for-health","label":"All products","openInNewWindow":false},"description":""}]},{"title":"Solutions","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Clinical Decision","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/clinical-decision-support"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Clinical Reference","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/clinical-reference"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Drug Information","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/drug-information"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Learning \u0026 Competency","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/learning-and-competency-management"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Medical Education","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/medical-education"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Nursing Education","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/nursing-education"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Patient Engagement","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/patient-engagement"}},"description":""}]},{"title":"Resources for","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Physician","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/health/physician"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Medical Faculty","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/health/medical-faculty"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Medical Student","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/health/medical-student"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Nurse","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/health/nurse"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Nursing Faculty","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/health/nurse-faculty"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Nursing Student","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/health/nursing-student"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Pharmacist","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/health/pharmacist"}},"description":""}]}]},{"id":"navigation-item-2","title":"Industry","items":[{"title":"Explore all","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Industry","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/industry"}},"description":""}]},{"title":"Featured products","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"ScienceDirect","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/sciencedirect"}},"description":"Peer-reviewed scholarly literature"},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Reaxys","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/reaxys"}},"description":"Largest chemical database with AI technology"},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Embase","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/embase"}},"description":"Comprehensive medical research database"},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Scopus","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/scopus"}},"description":"Multidisciplinary abstract \u0026 citation database"},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Knovel","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/products/knovel"}},"description":"Engineering data, references \u0026 tools"},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com/products#2-products-for-industry","label":"All products","openInNewWindow":false},"description":""}]},{"title":"Solutions","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"User Tools","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/user-tools"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Datasets","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/datasets"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Data Enrichment","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/data-enrichment"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Data Analytics","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/data-analytics"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Expert Support","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/solutions/expert-support"}},"description":""}]},{"title":"Resources for","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Pharmaceuticals","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/industry/pharmaceuticals"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Chemicals \u0026 Materials","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/industry/chemicals-and-materials"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Medical Devices","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/industry/medical-devices"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Energy \u0026 Natural Resources","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/industry/energy-and-natural-resources"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Measuring \u0026 Sensing","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/industry/measuring-and-sensing"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Nutrition","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/industry/nutrition"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Agriculture","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/industry/agriculture"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Consumer Goods","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/industry/consumer-goods"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Semiconductors","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/industry/semiconductors"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Electric Power","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/industry/electric-power"}},"description":""}]}]},{"id":"navigation-item-3","title":"Insights","items":[{"title":"Connect","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Elsevier Connect","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect"}},"description":"Browse the latest interviews, stories and opinions"},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Open Science","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/open-science"}},"description":"We partner with the research community to empower open science"}]},{"title":"Featured topics","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Sustainability","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/sustainability"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Elsevier Careers","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/careers"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Gender \u0026 Diversity","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/gender-diversity"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Healthcare \u0026 Medicine","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/healthcare-medicine"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Research Leadership","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/research-leadership"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":" Librarian","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/librarian"}},"description":""}]},{"title":"Reports","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Insights 2024: Attitudes toward AI","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/insights/attitudes-toward-ai"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://confidenceinresearch.elsevier.com","label":" Confidence in Research","openInNewWindow":false},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Gender and Diversity in Research","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/insights/gender-and-diversity-in-research"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Institutional Leaders: View from the Top","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/academic-and-government/academic-leader-challenges-report-2024"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Clinician of the Future","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/insights/clinician-of-the-future"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Research Futures 2.0","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/research-futures-2022"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Pathways to Net Zero","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/net-zero-report"}},"description":""}]},{"title":"Events","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Conferences","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/events/conferences"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Exhibitions","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/events/exhibitions"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"All Events","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/events"}},"description":""}]}]},{"id":"navigation-item-4","title":"About","items":[{"title":"Company","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"About","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Leadership","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/leadership"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Locations","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/global-locations"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Policies \u0026 Standards","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/policies-and-standards"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Careers","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/careers"}},"description":""}]},{"title":"Spotlight on","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Open Access","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/open-access"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Responsible AI","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/responsible-ai"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Research Integrity","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/research-integrity"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Global Health","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/global-health"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Research \u0026 Innovation","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/research-and-innovation"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Responsible Data","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/responsible-data"}},"description":""}]},{"title":"Sustainability","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Overview","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/sustainability"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Inclusion, Diversity \u0026 Equity","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/inclusion-diversity-and-equity"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Climate Action","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/climate-action"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"The Elsevier Foundation","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/the-elsevier-foundation"}},"description":""}]},{"title":"Media","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Global Press Office","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/global-press-office"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Press Releases","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/press-releases"}},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Contacts","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/about/global-press-office/media-contacts"}},"description":""}]}]},{"id":"navigation-item-5","title":"Support","items":[{"title":"Support","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":null,"label":"Customer support","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/support"}},"description":"Questions? We can help. "},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/overview/elsevier/","label":"Other support centers","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""}]},{"title":"Academic \u0026 Government","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/mendeley/","label":"Mendeley","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/reaxys/","label":"Reaxys","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/sciencedirect/","label":"ScienceDirect","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/scival/","label":"SciVal","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/overview/scopus/","label":"Scopus","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""}]},{"title":"Health","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/clinicalkey/","label":"ClinicalKey Support Center","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://www.elsevierclinicalskills.es/ContactUs","label":"Clinical Skills","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/complete-anatomy/","label":"Complete Anatomy","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""}]},{"title":"Industry","items":[{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/embase/","label":"Embase","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/overview/engineering_village/","label":"Engineering Village","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/knovel/","label":"Knovel","openInNewWindow":false},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/reaxys/","label":"Reaxys","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/sciencedirect/","label":"ScienceDirect","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""},{"navigationItem":{"href":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/overview/scopus/","label":"Scopus","openInNewWindow":true},"description":""}]}]}],"regionData":{"regions":[{"market":"Americas","languages":[{"name":"English (United States)","id":"en-us"},{"name":"Portuguese (Brazil)","id":"pt-br"}]},{"market":"Europe","languages":[{"name":"French (France)","id":"fr-fr"},{"name":"Spanish (Spain)","id":"es-es"},{"name":"German (Germany)","id":"de-de"},{"name":"English (United Kingdom)","id":"en-gb"}]},{"market":"Asia Pacific","languages":[{"name":"English (India)","id":"en-in"},{"name":"Japanese (Japan)","id":"ja-jp"},{"name":"English (Australia)","id":"en-au"},{"name":"Chinese (Traditional, Taiwan)","id":"zh-tw"},{"name":"Chinese (Simplified, China)","id":"zh-cn"},{"name":"Korean (South Korea)","id":"ko-kr"},{"name":"English (Southeast Asia)","id":"en-xs"}]}]},"secondaryNavigation":null,"footer":{"links":[{"title":"Useful links","items":[{"url":"/researcher/author/submit-your-paper","label":"Submit your paper","external":false},{"url":"https://shop.elsevier.com/","label":"Shop Books \u0026 Journals","external":true},{"url":"/open-access","label":"Open access","external":false},{"url":"/products","label":"View all products","external":false},{"url":"/connect","label":"Elsevier Connect","external":false}]},{"title":"About","items":[{"url":"/about","label":"About Elsevier","external":false},{"url":"/about/careers","label":"Careers","external":false},{"url":"/about/global-press-office","label":"Global Press Office","external":false},{"url":"https://www.elsmediakits.com/?utm_source=elsevier.com\u0026utm_medium=referral\u0026dgcid=4168448395","label":"Advertising, reprints \u0026 supplements","external":true},{"url":"https://www.relx.com/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/responsibility/relx-slavery-statement-2024.pdf","label":"Modern slavery act statement","external":true}]},{"title":"Support","items":[{"url":"/support","label":"Customer support","external":false},{"url":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/overview/elsevier/","label":"Resource center","external":true}]}],"primaryLogo":{"src":"/images/elsevier-logo-white.svg","width":130,"height":38,"alt":"White Elsevier logo"},"secondaryLogo":{"src":"/images/relx-logo.svg","width":120,"height":36,"alt":"RELX logo"},"navigationLinks":[{"url":"/legal/elsevier-website-terms-and-conditions","label":"Terms \u0026 Conditions","external":false},{"url":"/legal/privacy-policy","label":"Privacy policy","external":false},{"url":"/about/accessibility","label":"Accessibility","external":false}],"socialLinks":{"twitter":{"url":"https://twitter.com/ElsevierConnect","name":"Twitter"},"youtube":{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/c/elsevier","name":"YouTube"},"linkedin":{"url":"https://www.linkedin.com/company/elsevier","name":"LinkedIn"},"facebook":{"url":"https://www.facebook.com/ElsevierConnect","name":"Facebook"}},"regionSwitcher":{"regions":[{"market":"Americas","languages":[{"name":"English (United States)","id":"en-us"},{"name":"Portuguese (Brazil)","id":"pt-br"}]},{"market":"Europe","languages":[{"name":"French (France)","id":"fr-fr"},{"name":"Spanish (Spain)","id":"es-es"},{"name":"German (Germany)","id":"de-de"},{"name":"English (United Kingdom)","id":"en-gb"}]},{"market":"Asia Pacific","languages":[{"name":"English (India)","id":"en-in"},{"name":"Japanese (Japan)","id":"ja-jp"},{"name":"English (Australia)","id":"en-au"},{"name":"Chinese (Traditional, Taiwan)","id":"zh-tw"},{"name":"Chinese (Simplified, China)","id":"zh-cn"},{"name":"Korean (South Korea)","id":"ko-kr"},{"name":"English (Southeast Asia)","id":"en-xs"}]}]}},"callToActionBanner":null,"footnotes":null,"relatedLinks":{"links":[{"href":null,"label":"Sustainability","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/sustainability"}},{"href":null,"label":"Open science","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/open-science"}},{"href":null,"label":"Gender \u0026 Diversity","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/gender-diversity"}},{"href":null,"label":"Healthcare \u0026 Medicine","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/healthcare-medicine"}},{"href":null,"label":"Research leadership","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/research-leadership"}},{"href":null,"label":"Data \u0026 Analytics","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/data-analytics"}},{"href":null,"label":"Researchers","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/researchers"}},{"href":null,"label":"Librarians","openInNewWindow":false,"page":{"slug":"/connect/collection/librarian"}}]},"seo":{"title":"Elsevier | An Information Analytics Business","description":"Elsevier is a global information analytics company that helps institutions and professionals progress science, advance healthcare and improve performance","allowIndex":true,"allowFollow":true,"canonicalURL":"https://www.elsevier.com","hrefLangAlternatives":[{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com","lang":"en"},{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com/en-in","lang":"en-in"},{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com/zh-tw","lang":"zh-tw"},{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com/en-gb","lang":"en-gb"},{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com/es-es","lang":"es-es"},{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com/de-de","lang":"de-de"},{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com/pt-br","lang":"pt-br"},{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com/ko-kr","lang":"ko-kr"},{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com/fr-fr","lang":"fr-fr"},{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com/en-au","lang":"en-au"},{"href":"https://www.elsevier.com","lang":"x-default"}]},"title":"Homepage","legacyPageSlug":"","preview":false,"translatedLocale":"en-US","availableLocales":[{"id":"en-IN","isDefault":false},{"id":"en-XS","isDefault":false},{"id":"zh-TW","isDefault":false},{"id":"en-GB","isDefault":false},{"id":"es-ES","isDefault":false},{"id":"de-DE","isDefault":false},{"id":"pt-BR","isDefault":false},{"id":"ko-KR","isDefault":false},{"id":"fr-FR","isDefault":false},{"id":"en-AU","isDefault":false},{"id":"en-US","isDefault":true}],"tags":["TranslationDoneDEDE","TranslationDoneESES","TranslationDoneFRFR","TranslationDoneJAJP","TranslationDoneKOKR","TranslationDonePTBR","TranslationDoneZHCN","TranslationDoneZHHANTTW"],"redirectDestination":null},"__N_SSG":true},"page":"/","query":{},"buildId":"B5WI_twWzmKXemvWdPOGI","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"gsp":true,"locale":"en-us","locales":["en-us","es-es","de-de","fr-fr","ja-jp","ko-kr","pt-br","zh-cn","zh-tw","en-gb","en-au","en-in","en-xs"],"defaultLocale":"en-us","scriptLoader":[]}</script></body></html>