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href="#Istoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istoric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formare_și_răspândire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formare_și_răspândire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Formare și răspândire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formare_și_răspândire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structură" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structură"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Structură</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structură-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Utilizare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilizare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Caolinit</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 61 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaoliniet" title="Kaoliniet – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kaoliniet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="كاولينيت – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاولينيت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caol%C3%ADn" title="Caolín – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Caolín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="সাদামাটি – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাদামাটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caolinita" title="Caolinita – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caolinita" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolin" title="Kaolin – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kaolin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Καολίνης – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καολίνης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kaolinite" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinito" title="Kaolinito – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaolinito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caolinita" title="Caolinita – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caolinita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaoliniit" title="Kaoliniit – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaoliniit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinita" title="Kaolinita – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaolinita" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="کائولینیت – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کائولینیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaoliniitti" title="Kaoliniitti – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaoliniitti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kaolinite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaoliniit" title="Kaoliniit – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kaoliniit" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A9_Sh%C3%ADneach" title="Cré Shíneach – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cré Shíneach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caolinita" title="Caolinita – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caolinita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%88_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%80" title="ચીનાઈ માટી – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચીનાઈ માટી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98" title="קאוליניט – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאוליניט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="चीनी मिट्टी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीनी मिट्टी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BF" title="Կաոլինիտ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաոլինիտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caolinite" title="Caolinite – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caolinite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88" title="カオリナイト – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カオリナイト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tswuo" title="Tswuo – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Tswuo" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Каолинит – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Каолинит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%81" title="ಚೀನೀ ಮಣ್ಣು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೀನೀ ಮಣ್ಣು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%A0%B9%EC%84%9D" title="고령석 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고령석" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pri_gwynn" title="Pri gwynn – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pri gwynn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Каолинит – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Каолинит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinitas" title="Kaolinitas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaolinitas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolin%C4%ABts" title="Kaolinīts – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaolinīts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Каолинит – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Каолинит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="चिनी माती – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चिनी माती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ကာအိုလင် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာအိုလင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaoliniet" title="Kaoliniet – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaoliniet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinitt" title="Kaolinitt – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kaolinitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caulinita" title="Caulinita – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caulinita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Каолинит – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каолинит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A" title="කෙයලිනයිට් – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කෙයලිනයිට්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kaolinite" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Каолинит – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Каолинит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D" title="வெண்களிமண் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெண்களிமண்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82" title="Каолініт – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каолініт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolinit" title="Kaolinit – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kaolinit" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B2%AD%E7%9F%B3" title="高岭石 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="高岭石" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B2%AD%E5%9C%9F" title="高岭土 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高岭土" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B6%BA%E7%9F%B3" title="高嶺石 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="高嶺石" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q223197#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Caolinit" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie:Caolinit&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuții despre această pagină — pagină inexistentă [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Caolinit"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Caolinit"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Caolinit" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Caolinit" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&oldid=16133177" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Caolinit&id=16133177&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCaolinit"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCaolinit"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Caolinit"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Caolinit&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kaolinite" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q223197" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet stiinteexacte" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;"><b>Caolinit</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kaolinite_from_Twiggs_County_in_Georgia_in_USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kaolinite_from_Twiggs_County_in_Georgia_in_USA.jpg/220px-Kaolinite_from_Twiggs_County_in_Georgia_in_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kaolinite_from_Twiggs_County_in_Georgia_in_USA.jpg/330px-Kaolinite_from_Twiggs_County_in_Georgia_in_USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kaolinite_from_Twiggs_County_in_Georgia_in_USA.jpg/440px-Kaolinite_from_Twiggs_County_in_Georgia_in_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1355" data-file-height="944" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;">Date generale</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Formula_chimic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula chimică">Formula chimică</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">Al<sub>4</sub>[(OH)<sub>8</sub>|Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>]</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Clasa_mineralului" class="mw-redirect" title="Clasa mineralului">Clasa mineralului</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">silicat stratificat (filosilicat) <a href="/wiki/Silica%C8%9Bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicați">silicați</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_de_cristalizare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem de cristalizare">Sistem de cristalizare</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">triclinic</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Clasa_cristalului" class="mw-redirect" title="Clasa cristalului">Clasa cristalului</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">triclinic-pinacoidal, pseudohexagonal</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">Culoare</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">albă, sau alb cu puncte roșiatice, brune, albastre</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Urma" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Urma">Urma</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">albă</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Duritate" title="Duritate">Duritate</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2 - 2,5</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Densitate" title="Densitate">Masa specifică</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2,61 - 2,68</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Luciu" title="Luciu">Luciu</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">pământos, argilos</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Transparen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Transparență">Transparență</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">translucid, opac</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C4%83rtura" class="mw-redirect" title="Spărtura">Spărtura</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">neregulată</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Clivaj" title="Clivaj">Clivaj</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">perfect după {001}</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Habitus" class="mw-disambig" title="Habitus">Habitus</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">foios, argilos, agregate masive cu aspect solzos</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Suprafa%C8%9Ba_cristalului" title="Suprafața cristalului">Suprafața cristalului</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">{001}</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Cristale_gemene" title="Cristale gemene">Cristale gemene</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">foarte rar</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Proprie%C8%9B%C4%83%C8%9Bi_optice" class="mw-redirect" title="Propriețăți optice">Propriețăți optice</a></th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Refrac%C8%9Bia" class="mw-redirect" title="Refracția">Indice de refrație</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">α=1,553-1,563<br /> β=1,559-1,569 γ=1,560-1.570</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Refrac%C8%9Bia_dubl%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Refracția dublă">Birefrigență</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">Δ=0,007 ; cu două axe negativă</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Unghiul de dispersie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2vz ~</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;">Alte caracteristici</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Reactivitatea chimică</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">insolubil în acizi</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Minerale asemănătoare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dickit — pagină inexistentă">Dickit</a>, Nakrit, Halloysit, Allophan, Imogolit</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Caracterstici deosebite</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">în <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a> devine plastic</td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##B0C4DE solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Mineral" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Caolinit</b>: numele mineralului provine de la <a href="/wiki/Caolin" title="Caolin">caolin</a>, rocă alcătuită în cea mai mare din caolinit. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numele rocii vine de la localitatea chineză Gaoling, cunoscută și sub denumirea de "dealul înalt". </p><p>Prelucrarea caolinului în <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, respectiv a caolinitului cu feldspatul pentru producerea vaselor de porțelan într-o formă mai primitivă, datează probabil din secolul al VII-lea. </p><p>Mineralul a fost folosit deja prin anul 105 d.C. la prelucrarea hârtiei, 600 de ani mai târziu fiind folosit ca materie primă în industria ceramică chineză. </p><p>Dezvoltarea industriei porțelanului a dus în continuare la perfecționarea cuptoarelor de ardere a vaselor de ceramică; când s-a ajuns la temperatura de 1450°C s-a realizat procesul de vitrificație a amestecului de caolinit și feldspat. </p><p>Porțelanul chinezesc ajunge să fie o marfă importantă și apreciată în comerțul cu <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. </p><p>În anul 1707 sunt descoperite primele depozite de caolinit (caolin) în apropiere de <a href="/wiki/Mei%C3%9Fen" title="Meißen">Meißen</a> din <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> de est (Saxonia). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formare_și_răspândire"><span id="Formare_.C8.99i_r.C4.83sp.C3.A2ndire"></span>Formare și răspândire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Formare și răspândire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Formare și răspândire"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caolinitul este constituit din cristale microscopice, cu un habitus foios, mineralul este de cele mai multe ori partea componentă a sedimentului mineralelor argiloase, cu mărimea particulelor sub 2 microni. </p><p>Mineralul este format în general din <a href="/wiki/Silica%C8%9Bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicați">silicați</a> de <a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu">aluminiu</a> care se află în regiunile umede, fiind un produs tipic al silicaților de aluminiu supus proceselor chimice cauzate de intemperii, prin acțiunea acizilor sau proceselor de hidroliză, a mineralelor, ca cele din grupa <a href="/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat">feldspatului</a>, care umplu prin diageneză porii sedimentelor. </p><p>Caolinitul ia naștere în prezența concentrațiilor mici de <a href="/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu">potasiu</a>, la presiuni și temperaturi joase, sub 300 °C și la o valoare pH între 3 și 5, iar la concentrații mai mari de potasiu se formează filosilicatele care au o structură tetraedrică de SiO<sub>4</sub>. </p><p>Rocile de origine sunt frecvent <a href="/wiki/Roci_magmatice" class="mw-redirect" title="Roci magmatice">roci magmatice</a> acide ca <a href="/wiki/Granit" title="Granit">granit</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Riolit" title="Riolit">riolit</a>, iar mineralele prezente fiind <a href="/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat">feldspatul</a> și muscovitul. Transformarea feldspatului potasic în caolinit se produce la o valoare pH sub 5 ca și la un proces de hidroliză parțială în mediu acid: </p> <dl><dd>4 KAlSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> (s) + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O (l) → Si<sub>4</sub>Al<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub> (s) + 8 SiO<sub>2</sub> (s) + 4K(OH) (aq)</dd></dl> <p>În condiții calde tropicale cu precipitații bogate, cu procese de deshitratare rapidă, dar cu aflux adecvat de apă pentru a putea transporta componontele dizolvate din granite și riolite, care vor fi transformate și separate caolinitul de <a href="/wiki/Cuar%C8%9B" title="Cuarț">cuarț</a> care este mai rezistent la intemperii, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plagioclaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plagioclaz — pagină inexistentă">plagioclazii</a> se descompune în feldspat potasic și muscovit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structură"><span id="Structur.C4.83"></span>Structură</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Structură" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Structură"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid 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#261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-style ambox-style" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Calitatea informațiilor sau a exprimării din acest articol sau secțiune trebuie îmbunătățită.</b><br /> Consultați <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_de_stil" title="Wikipedia:Manual de stil">manualul de stil</a> și <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cur%C4%83%C8%9Benie" title="Wikipedia:Curățenie">îndrumarul</a>, apoi <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&action=edit">dați o mână de ajutor</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Structura cristalină a caolinitului este compusă dintr-un strat tetraedric, care este cuplat cu un strat cu o structură octaedrică. </p><p>Stratul tetraedric este polimerizat bazal cu atomi de oxigen și siliciu, iar stratul octaedric este constituit din laturile octaedrilor care sunt legate de atomi de aluminiu. Cele două straturi amintite sunt aranjate în structura mineralului într-un raport de 1:1. </p><p>În afară de caolinit care se găsește în procentul cel mai ridicat în grupa caolinitului, mai există variante a caolinitului, identice din punct de vedere chimic, numai raportul straturilor de structură diferă de raportul 1:1 și anume Dickitul, Halloysitul și Nakritul. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilizare">Utilizare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Utilizare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Utilizarea mineralului cea mai importantă este obținerea porțelanului, sau ca emulgant al vopselelor și materialelor plastice. </p><p>Caolinitul mai este utilizat în fabricarea hârtiei, la apretarea fibrelor textile, sau la fabricarea cărămizilor refractare. </p><p>O altă utilizare importantă a caolinitului în prezent este acoperirea hârtiei cu un strat protector, azi 60 % din producția de caolin servește la acest procedeu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_minerale" title="Listă de minerale">Listă de minerale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_roci" title="Listă de roci">Listă de roci</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caolinit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Materiale media legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kaolinite?uselang=ro">Caolinit</a></b></span> la <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Minerale" title="Format:Minerale"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Minerale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Minerale — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Minerale&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;">Minerale, roci, soluri și zăcăminte</span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Minerale</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abelsonit" title="Abelsonit">Abelsonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Acvamarin" title="Acvamarin">Acvamarin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Adamit" title="Adamit">Adamit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Adular" title="Adular">Adular</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Agat" title="Agat">Agat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Aguilarit" title="Aguilarit">Aguilarit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ajoit" title="Ajoit">Ajoit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Alabastru" title="Alabastru">Alabastru</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Albit" title="Albit">Albit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Allanit" title="Allanit">Allanit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Almandin" title="Almandin">Almandin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Altait" title="Altait">Altait</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Aluminit" title="Aluminit">Aluminit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Amazonit" title="Amazonit">Amazonit</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ametist" title="Ametist">Ametist</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ametrin" title="Ametrin">Ametrin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amfiboli" title="Amfiboli">Amfiboli</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Andaluzit" title="Andaluzit">Andaluzit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Anhidrit" title="Anhidrit">Anhidrit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Anortit" title="Anortit">Anortit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Apatit" title="Apatit">Apatit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Aragonit" title="Aragonit">Aragonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Argentit" title="Argentit">Argentit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Arsenopirit%C4%83" title="Arsenopirită">Arsenopirită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Auricalcit" title="Auricalcit">Auricalcit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Auripigment" title="Auripigment">Auripigment</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Autunit" title="Autunit">Autunit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Azbest" title="Azbest">Azbest</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Azurit" title="Azurit">Azurit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Baritin%C4%83" title="Baritină">Baritină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Beril" title="Beril">Beril</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Biotit" title="Biotit">Biotit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Blend%C4%83" title="Blendă">Blendă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Boracit" title="Boracit">Boracit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Borax" title="Borax">Borax</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Brochantit" title="Brochantit">Brochantit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calcedonie" title="Calcedonie">Calcedonie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calcit" title="Calcit">Calcit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calcopirit%C4%83" title="Calcopirită">Calcopirită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Carneol" title="Carneol">Carneol</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cinabru" title="Cinabru">Cinabru</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Citrin" title="Citrin">Citrin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Clorur%C4%83_de_amoniu" title="Clorură de amoniu">Clorură de amoniu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Coffinit" title="Coffinit">Coffinit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Corindon" title="Corindon">Corindon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cristobalit" title="Cristobalit">Cristobalit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cuar%C8%9B" title="Cuarț">Cuarț</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamant</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diopsid" title="Diopsid">Diopsid</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dolomit_(mineral)" title="Dolomit (mineral)">Dolomit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dumortierit" title="Dumortierit">Dumortierit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Epidot" title="Epidot">Epidot</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat">Feldspat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fluorin%C4%83" title="Fluorină">Fluorină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Galen%C4%83" title="Galenă">Galenă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gips" class="mw-redirect" title="Gips">Gips</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Goetit" title="Goetit">Goetit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">Grafit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit">Hematit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hidroboracit" title="Hidroboracit">Hidroboracit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ilmenit" title="Ilmenit">Ilmenit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jasp" title="Jasp">Jasp</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Labradorit" title="Labradorit">Labradorit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Limonit" title="Limonit">Limonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Magnetit" title="Magnetit">Magnetit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Magnezit" title="Magnezit">Magnezit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Malachit" title="Malachit">Malachit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Marcasit%C4%83" title="Marcasită">Marcasită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mic%C4%83" title="Mică">Mică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Moldavit" title="Moldavit">Moldavit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Monazit" title="Monazit">Monazit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nobleit" title="Nobleit">Nobleit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ochi_de_tigru" title="Ochi de tigru">Ochi de tigru</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Olivin%C4%83" title="Olivină">Olivină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Onix" title="Onix">Onix</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">Opal</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pirit%C4%83" title="Pirită">Pirită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Piroxeni" title="Piroxeni">Piroxeni</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Realgar" title="Realgar">Realgar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rodocrozit" title="Rodocrozit">Rodocrozit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin">Rubin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rutil" title="Rutil">Rutil</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Safir" title="Safir">Safir</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sare_gem%C4%83" title="Sare gemă">Sare gemă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Silvin%C4%83" title="Silvină">Silvină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Smarald" title="Smarald">Smarald</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Carbonat_de_sodiu" title="Carbonat de sodiu">Sodă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spessartin" title="Spessartin">Spessartin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">Spinel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Stibin%C4%83_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stibină (mineral)">Stibină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">Talc</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tanzanit" title="Tanzanit">Tanzanit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Titanit" title="Titanit">Titanit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">Topaz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turmalin%C4%83" title="Turmalină">Turmalină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vanadinit" title="Vanadinit">Vanadinit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vivianit" title="Vivianit">Vivianit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wolastonit" title="Wolastonit">Wolastonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wolframit" title="Wolframit">Wolframit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zoisit" title="Zoisit">Zoisit</a> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Roc%C4%83" title="Rocă">Roci</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Andezit" title="Andezit">Andezit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Argil%C4%83" title="Argilă">Argilă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bauxit%C4%83" title="Bauxită">Bauxită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt">Bazalt</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bentonit" title="Bentonit">Bentonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calcar" title="Calcar">Calcar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Caolin" title="Caolin">Caolin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caolinit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Conglomerat" title="Conglomerat">Conglomerat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dacit" title="Dacit">Dacit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diabaz" title="Diabaz">Diabaz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diatomit" title="Diatomit">Diatomit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diorit" title="Diorit">Diorit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dolomit_(roc%C4%83)" title="Dolomit (rocă)">Dolomit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro">Gabro</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gnais" title="Gnais">Gnais</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Granit" title="Granit">Granit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gresie_(geologie)" title="Gresie (geologie)">Gresie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">Loess</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Marmur%C4%83" title="Marmură">Marmură</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Minerale_argiloase" title="Minerale argiloase">Minerale argiloase</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nisip" title="Nisip">Nisip</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pegmatit" title="Pegmatit">Pegmatit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Peridotit" title="Peridotit">Peridotit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pietri%C8%99" title="Pietriș">Pietriș</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Porfir_(roc%C4%83)" title="Porfir (rocă)">Porfir</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Riolit" title="Riolit">Riolit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Suevit" title="Suevit">Suevit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Trahit" title="Trahit">Trahit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Travertin" title="Travertin">Travertin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tuf" title="Tuf">Tuf</a> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)" title="Sol (strat al Pământului)">Soluri</a> și <a href="/wiki/Z%C4%83c%C4%83m%C3%A2nt" title="Zăcământ">zăcăminte</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Straturile_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" title="Straturile Pământului">Straturile Pământului</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)" title="Sol (strat al Pământului)">Sol</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antracit" title="Antracit">Antracit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83rbune" title="Cărbune">Cărbune</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Filon_(z%C4%83c%C4%83m%C3%A2nt)" title="Filon (zăcământ)">Filon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gaz_natural" title="Gaz natural">Gaz natural</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lav%C4%83" title="Lavă">Lavă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Magm%C4%83" title="Magmă">Magmă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Minereu" title="Minereu">Minereu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Piroclaste" title="Piroclaste">Piroclaste</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol">Petrol</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Substan%C8%9Be_minerale" class="mw-redirect" title="Substanțe minerale">Substanțe minerale</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vulcanism" title="Vulcanism">Vulcanism</a> </p> </div></div>  </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geologie" title="Categorie:Geologie">Geologie</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style 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