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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>The Courts of the Deccan Sultanates: Living Well in the Persian Cosmopolis - Emma J. Flatt - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_viewport_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/v2_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><script>_OC_Hooks = ["_OC_Page", "_OC_SearchReload", "_OC_TocReload", "_OC_EmptyFunc", "_OC_SearchPage", "_OC_QuotePage" ];for (var _OC_i = 0; _OC_i < _OC_Hooks.length; _OC_i++) {eval("var " + _OC_Hooks[_OC_i] + ";");}function _OC_InitHooks () {for (var i = 0; i < _OC_Hooks.length; i++) {var func = arguments[i];eval( _OC_Hooks[i] + " = func;");}}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Courts_of_the_Deccan_Sultanates.html?id=HDGdDwAAQBAJ"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Courts_of_the_Deccan_Sultanates.html?id=HDGdDwAAQBAJ"/><meta name="title" content="The Courts of the Deccan Sultanates"/><meta name="description" content="In the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, courtliness was crucial to the political and cultural life of the Deccan. Divided between six states competing for territory, resources and skills, the medieval and early modern Deccan was a region of striking ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity. People used multifaceted trans-regional networks - mercantile, kinship, friendship and intellectual - to move across the Persian-speaking world and to find employment at the Deccan courts. This movement, Emma J. Flatt argues, was facilitated by the existence of a shared courtly disposition. Engagement in courtly skills such as letter-writing, perfume-making, astrological divination, performing magic, sword-fighting and wrestling thus became a route to both worldly success and ethical refinement. Using a diverse range of treatises, chronicles, poetry and letters, Flatt unpicks the ways this challenged networks of acceptable behaviour and knowledge in the Indo-Islamicate courtly world - and challenges the idea of perpetual hostility between Islam and Hinduism in Indian history."/><meta property="og:title" content="The Courts of the Deccan Sultanates"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/publisher/content?id=HDGdDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE72RICWQ-taqjk6IUEAMsnpQwHwEbUhK4ArAEQIlaVmrxaLE-3zQVrH5wEi46WeERrSrSKqmMD2-_Vef0g_kWPOwkLCpsF8gXaySR9CvWTSB0DobtEYgPhtDB7k22Vi9DJtvC8Mq"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/publisher/content?id=HDGdDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE72RICWQ-taqjk6IUEAMsnpQwHwEbUhK4ArAEQIlaVmrxaLE-3zQVrH5wEi46WeERrSrSKqmMD2-_Vef0g_kWPOwkLCpsF8gXaySR9CvWTSB0DobtEYgPhtDB7k22Vi9DJtvC8Mq"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DHDGdDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dpolitical%26source%3Dgbs_word_cloud_r%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=HDGdDwAAQBAJ&q=political&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. 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Divided between six states competing for territory, resources and skills, the medieval and early modern Deccan was a region of striking ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity. People used multifaceted trans-regional networks - mercantile, kinship, friendship and intellectual - to move across the Persian-speaking world and to find employment at the Deccan courts. This movement, Emma J. Flatt argues, was facilitated by the existence of a shared courtly disposition. Engagement in courtly skills such as letter-writing, perfume-making, astrological divination, performing magic, sword-fighting and wrestling thus became a route to both worldly success and ethical refinement. Using a diverse range of treatises, chronicles, poetry and letters, Flatt unpicks the ways this challenged networks of acceptable behaviour and knowledge in the Indo-Islamicate courtly world - and challenges the idea of perpetual hostility between Islam and Hinduism in Indian history.","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false,"last_page":{"pid":"PA318","order":338,"title":"318"}},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DHDGdDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dpolitical%26source%3Dgbs_word_cloud_r%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PA81","flags":8,"order":101,"vq":"political"}]},null,{"number_of_results":84,"search_results":[{"page_id":"PR1","page_number":"i","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e and cultural life of the Deccan. Divided between six states competing for territory, resources and skills, the medieval and early modern Deccan was a region of striking ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity. People used\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA2","page_number":"2","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e terms , and repeatedly expresses his appreciation of it on an aesthetic level . The statue of Shiva in the Kailas temple thus becomes an enthroned king holding court , surrounded by a recognisable cast of courtiers : servants\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA3","page_number":"3","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e and geographical boundaries on the one hand, and the incompatibility of Indic and Islamicate religio- cultural systems on the other. How did such individuals actively establish, negotiate and challenge networks of acceptable\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA4","page_number":"4","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e or cultural centre with which the region can be conveniently identified.7 The chronicler Firishta (1560–1620) used linguistic rather than geographic markers, defining the Deccan as the region where Marathi, Telugu and Kannada\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA6","page_number":"6","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e factions had coalesced at court , membership of which , nominally at least , was based on origin : the gharibi ( foreigners or westerners ) group was mainly composed of Turks , Iranians , central Asians and Iraqis , while the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA7","page_number":"7","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e circumstances. Like the Bahmani sultanate, the five new successor sultanates, particularly the sultanates of Ahmadnagar and Bijapur, suffered from court factionalism, often articu- lated through ethnic or regional nomenclature\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA8","page_number":"8","snippet_text":"... Oxford University Press , 2014 ) . rapidly changing \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e situations both within particular kingdoms and across. Figure 1.2 Map of the Deccan before 1565 , © Gabriel Moss . 8 Introduction : Cosmopolitanism , Courtliness and Ethics."},{"page_id":"PA9","page_number":"9","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e positions , or pushed by court rivalry , \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e , factional or sectarian persecution . In 1565 , in an unusual turn of events , four of the five sultanates , Bijapur , Ahmadnagar , Golkonda and Bidar , briefly formed a\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA10","page_number":"10","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e action . This trend was amplified by the collection and translation of these chronicles into English by ... \u003cb\u003epolitics\u003c/b\u003e meant that many of the descriptions of court protocol , festivities and celebrations were deemed\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA11","page_number":"11","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e thought , embodied in the trope of the omnipotent \u0026#39; Oriental despot \u0026#39; and his syco- phantic court wallowing in excessive luxury and superficial pageantry , Oriental decadence and empty court ritual.17 Nineteenth - century\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA12","page_number":"12","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e life in early medieval India, Ali placed literature and aesthetic theories of beauty, love and refinement firmly in the context of the material life, interpersonal protocols and ethical practices of the court. In the Muslim\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA16","page_number":"16","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePolitical\u003c/b\u003e Islam in India 1200–1800 (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2004). 35 Saba Mahmood, \u003cb\u003ePolitics\u003c/b\u003e of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005). 36 Marshall G. S. Hodgson , The\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA17","page_number":"17","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e culture , which encompassed elements of Persian wisdom literature and \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e ethics , particularly ideas about statecraft and kingship.37 In most scholarly uses , however ,. 36 Marshall G. S. Hodgson , The Venture of Islam\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA18","page_number":"18","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e cul- ture \u0026#39; carried by the language ; the cosmopolitan \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e culture characterised not just by a shared language , but by a shared language practice.39 For Pollock a cosmopolitan language was one that possessed a trans\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA19","page_number":"19","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e expedience , with varying degrees of engagement , ranging from the occasional use of Persianised vocabulary and symbols to the complete adop- tion of Persian as a court language . Despite its increasing popularity , the term\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA20","page_number":"20","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e discourse upon which individuals – rulers, administrators, cour- tiers, rebels, aspirants to power – could draw. Simultaneously, as a result of the similarities between the two, individuals within the Deccan con- sciously made\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA23","page_number":"23","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e manipulations of Indian history which facilely equate \u0026#39;Persian\u0026#39; with \u0026#39;Muslim\u0026#39; and falsely characterise all things \u0026#39;Muslim\u0026#39; as \u0026#39;foreign\u0026#39;.50 Nevertheless, the fear of overemphasising a transregional tradition should not lead to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA24","page_number":"24","snippet_text":"... , and this chapter will examine one of these occasions: the majlis (courtly assembly). The \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e and geographical peculiarities of the medieval Deccan meant 24 Introduction: Cosmopolitanism, Courtliness and Ethics."},{"page_id":"PA25","page_number":"25","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e scenario of the contemporary Deccan where multiple courts jostled for prestige and power and eagerly tried to recruit each other\u0026#39;s personnel. In Chapter 6, I turn my attention to the martial skills of sword fighting, archery\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA26","page_number":"26","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e, social and economic circumstances of each court had no influ- ence on the courtly culture. As Part II of this book shows, the ways in which particular skills, such as letter writing, astrology or wrestling, were mobilised at\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA32","page_number":"32","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e imperatives required each individual to make a significant engagement with the knowledges and practices of the vernacular environment, whether in terms of language, culture or cosmology. A \u0026#39;Cosmopolitan\u0026#39; Education Even a\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA33","page_number":"33","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e events with pithy quotes from moralistic literature: in the chronicle Tarı ̄kh-i Firishtah (History of Firishta), for example, a sultan\u0026#39;s misspent childhood frequently foretold his later despotic rule, whilst a wise ruler had\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA37","page_number":"37","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePolitical\u003c/b\u003e Islam in India 1200–1800 (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2004), pp. 50–5, 58–9. On Davani\u0026#39;s links to Mahmud Gavan see Chapter 4. 25 Ali ff. 6b–71a, bin Taifur Oxford. al-Bistami, Tuh ̇fa-i Qutb A \u0026#39;Cosmopolitan\u0026#39; Education 37."},{"page_id":"PA38","page_number":"38","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePolitical\u003c/b\u003e Islam, p. 60. 27 See Chapter 4. 28 Scholars have been slow to study these Persian texts, often dismissing them as deriva- tive, and focusing instead on the Arabic \u0026#39;originals\u0026#39;. Speziale points out that the flour- ishing medical\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA46","page_number":"46","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e or cultural envir- onment of sultanate India in which it was written. Attainments in both military skills and literary education, achieved by hard work; a sense of responsibility and moderation and discernment in expenses\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA51","page_number":"51","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e and everyday life ... untouched by the all-pervasive attitude to knowledge as something of supreme value ...\u0026#39;72 In its earliest use in Islamic texts, ilm was equated with religious knowledge, but over time ilm became applied\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA57","page_number":"57","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e philosophy frequently drew on the terminology of the Greek medical heritage to define \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e concepts like justice (adl).99 Sufis, who were involved in both the transmission of medical knowledge and the practice of medicine\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA74","page_number":"74","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e rhetoric, aimed at pleasing his patron and earning himself a rich reward. Nevertheless, his lines touch on a crucial aspect of the Persian Cosmopolis, the corollary of the cosmopolitan courtly disposition discussed in Chapter\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA79","page_number":"79","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e factionalism at the time of writing, more than events in the Bahmani sultanate 200 years earlier. Nevertheless, it demonstrates that certain widely shared understandings about the figure of the traveller endured over time and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA80","page_number":"80","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitics\u003c/b\u003e also played an important role in strengthening the links between the elite of the Bahmani sultanate and those of powerful families in Iran . Firishta claimed that Firuz was the first Deccan sultan to establish a familial\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA81","page_number":"81","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e rather than strictly ethnic.24 During the rule of Ala al-Din II, gharibis were given top military and \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e positions and their superior status was dramatically displayed in court assemblies where a physical separation was\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA82","page_number":"82","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e circumstances and even environmental conditions.26 Aubin suggests that the Deccan func- tioned as a release valve for the youth of the hinterland of the Iranian littoral, a region known as the Garmsirat, infamous for its arid\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA86","page_number":"86","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitics\u003c/b\u003e of the Bahmani court, information that the Sayyid could use to further his own influence at Hormuz, particularly with regards to the lucrative trade between Hormuz and the Deccan, which may have served as a \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e tool. This\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA87","page_number":"87","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e circumstances. Such a calculation clearly paid off; by 1500, Abd al-Aziz had risen to become the chief judge (qazi al-qazat) of Hormuz, and it is likely that Nimdihi\u0026#39;s engagement by the Hormuz sultan for a diplomatic mission\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA88","page_number":"88","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e. 50 Aubin, \u0026#39;Nimdihi\u0026#39;, 78–9, fn. 6. 51 Tomé Pires, The Suma Oriental of Tomé Pires: An Account of the East from the Red Sea to China, Written in Malacca and India in 1512–1515; and the Book of Francisco Rodrigues; Pilot Major of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA89","page_number":"89","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e crises made necessary . 54 Although the \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e realignments of the early six- teenth century may have tied particular networks more closely to one sultanate or another , the existing links between former Bahmani courtiers\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA90","page_number":"90","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e affiliation than by ethnic identity . 60 Although it is not possible to compile precise statistics detailing the volume of immigration to the Deccan , anecdotally it seems that the Deccan remained a pre - eminent destination\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA95","page_number":"95","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitics\u003c/b\u003e. 75 Desai, \u0026#39;Hajji\u0026#39;, 28; DH, f. 213. 76 DH, f. 180. 77 In the Qutb Shahi sultanate, the mir-jumlah was ranked higher than the peshva, but in other sultanates, the peshva was the highest. H. K. Sherwani and P. M. Joshi, History of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA96","page_number":"96","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitics\u003c/b\u003e of the Deccan sultanates and prized commodities from India and further afield.80 During his time as a merchant, Hajji may have been connected with mercantile networks that supplied goods to the Safavid court, and in this way\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA99","page_number":"99","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e circumstances necessitated. It also demonstrates that such a peripatetic career was something not only accepted, but that could be celebrated in literary form. Despite being associated with power- ful individuals from three\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA100","page_number":"100","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e circumstances in which such networks operated . However , I now want to consider how contemporaries understood such relationships and whether a term like patronage , imbued as it is with assumptions derived from its usage in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA102","page_number":"102","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePolitical\u003c/b\u003e Culture and Service Under the North Indian Sultanates , Thirteenth to Sixteenth Centuries \u0026#39; in Francesca Orsini and Samira Sheikh , After Timur Left : Culture and Circulation in 15th Century North India ( Delhi : Oxford\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA106","page_number":"106","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e and social life of early modern Europe , scholars are beginning to challenge such assumptions . 130 Although Greek thought was equally influential on Islamicate ethical traditions , and on the idea of friendship in particular\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA108","page_number":"108","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e strife in Tabatabai\u0026#39;s chronicle . 139 Even those who believed friendship was essential were clear that not every friend was a good friend . In the Shahīd - i Şādiq , the fifth Shi\u0026#39;ite Imam , Muhammad al - Baqir , is said to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA113","page_number":"113","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e grouping rather than an ethnic category. 158 BM, p. 529. This quotation depends heavily on a Persian pun on the ideas of cleanliness and washing and sounds awkward in translation, but I have preferred to translate the meaning\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA119","page_number":"119","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e life in sultanate Deccan. This chapter has argued that networks provided crucially important entry points into courtly society for ambitious individuals and sustained them politically and socially throughout their career\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA122","page_number":"122","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePolitics\u003c/b\u003e and the Indian Ocean Trade in Medieval South Asia \u0026#39; in Kamal Sheel , Charles Willemen and Kenneth G. Zysk ( eds . ) , From Local to Global : Papers in Asian History and Culture : Prof. A.K. Narain commemoration volume ( Delhi\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA123","page_number":"123","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e rivalries when it suited them. Two \u0026#39;foreign\u0026#39; merchants insti- gated Muhammad Bahmani I to attack the Telingana Reddi kingdom, after claiming that their best horses, intended for the sultan, had been \u0026#39;confis- cated\u0026#39; by the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA125","page_number":"125","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitics\u003c/b\u003e , establishing relationships with powerful members of sultanate courts , trying to intervene in succession ... \u003cb\u003ePolitical\u003c/b\u003e Economy of Commerce : Southern India 1500–1650 . ( New Delhi : Foundation Books , 2004 ) ; Jean Aubin\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA132","page_number":"132","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitics\u003c/b\u003e , leading an army composed of gharibi officers against Khandesh in 1437–8 . In 1454 , from his base at Chakan , a key city on the inland trade routes , Khalaf Hasan decided to launch a campaign against the Hindu raja of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA133","page_number":"133","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e faction , headed by two individuals who had once been protégés of the Gavan family . 64 Leaving their widowed mother behind , Shihab al- Din Ahmad travelled to Mecca , and Mahmud travelled to Cairo , where he met the Egyptian\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA134","page_number":"134","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e life , he became sole regent . Succeeding to the title of Khvajah Jahan , Gavan was now the most powerful individual in the sultanate . Between 1466 and 1482 he greatly extended the borders of the Bahmani sultanate by his\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA135","page_number":"135","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitics\u003c/b\u003e in Hormuz , and the extent to which international trade could become a \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e tool ; in one letter to the prince of Lar , Muin al- Din Jahan Shah , Gavan hopes that following Jahan Shah\u0026#39;s victory over the regent of Hormuz\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA139","page_number":"139","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e and military career in the sultanate of Bijapur, and make little or no mention of his involvement in trade. However, much of Asad Khan\u0026#39;s wealth derived from his control of important trade routes and from the extensive mer\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA140","page_number":"140","snippet_text":"... : Transcultural \u003cb\u003ePolitical\u003c/b\u003e Elites in the Medieval Deccan\u0026#39;, International Journal of Hindu Studies, 3(3), December (1999), 241–64. 96 Firishta claims Asad Khan was never involved in this 140 Courts, Merchants and Commodities."},{"page_id":"PA144","page_number":"144","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitics\u003c/b\u003e, as well as their limits, when \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e circumstances warranted. 112 TF, vol. III, p. 123. Courtly Traders The involvement in trade was not something restricted 144 Courts, Merchants and Commodities."},{"page_id":"PA160","page_number":"160","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e realities of the Bahmani and successor sultanate courts and of the Deccan plateau more generally. At the same time, there is evidence that the mercantile sphere of the Deccan and south India had long been undergoing a process\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA167","page_number":"167","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePolitics\u003c/b\u003e in Safavid Iran : Power , Religion and Rhetoric ( London : I. B. Tauris , 2009 ) . William Hanaway and Brian Spooner ( eds . ) , Literacy in the Persianate World : Writing and the Social Order ( Philadelphia : University of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA168","page_number":"168","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e events and factions , their own bodies and those of others . Opening with a discussion of the role that letter writing played in courtly society , and the development of the genre of insha , the chapter will then consider the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA170","page_number":"170","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitics\u003c/b\u003e , like their contemporaries , as – in the words of Moin – \u0026#39; a patterned display of sovereignty \u0026#39; . See A. Azfar Moin , The Millenial Soveriegn : Sacred Kingship and Sainthood in Islam ( New York : Columbia University Press\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA172","page_number":"172","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e connections and his mercantile network are evoked by the use of his title Malik al-Tujjar and the reference to the Hijaz, where his brother and nephews were based. As Bahmani vizier, Gavan may also have had influence over the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA178","page_number":"178","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e and administrative affairs of the sultanate, and it was in his interest to ensure a well-trained cadre of munshis were available for service in the Bahmani dar-al-insha. His immediate motivation was the lack of adequate books\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA181","page_number":"181","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e and religious life is only just beginning to be appreciated . Binbaş identifies a shared commitment to the occult sciences , especially the science of letters , among the participants in this epistolary network . 53 This\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA183","page_number":"183","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e and bodily – in turn. Transforming the Social World As the touchstone of speech, and the foundation of other literary arts, insha must, in Gavan\u0026#39;s view, be informed by a thorough understanding of Arabic literary theory. In\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA190","page_number":"190","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e uses of language and literature in pre - modern South Asia have recently attracted significant scholarly attention , particularly the vexed questions of the spread of so - called \u0026#39; cosmopolitan languages \u0026#39; like Sanskrit and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA191","page_number":"191","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e repercus- sions. As Pollock has argued, in the context of the spread of Sanskrit, the adoption of a cosmopolitan language allowed a relatively new state to draw on particularly potent cultural goods that had been produced in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA197","page_number":"197","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitics\u003c/b\u003e ; a tool that could enable social mobility , discipline rebellious behaviour or unify \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e factions . The next sec- tion examines Gavan\u0026#39;s argument that insha could also act at the individ- ual level , particularly in the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA211","page_number":"211","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e elite of courtly societies. And yet, until very recently scholars have ignored the copious evidence of ... \u003cb\u003epolitics\u003c/b\u003e and statecraft.5 Through an analysis of the Nujum al-ʿUlum, this chapter considers how esoteric skills\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA212","page_number":"212","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e factionalism. Finally, I consider the role of the Nujum at a regional level. I argue that in the broader \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e scenario of the Deccan, where multiple states jostled for prestige and power and eagerly tried to recruit each\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA218","page_number":"218","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePolitical\u003c/b\u003e Life in Early Medieval India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004). 33 The inscription says: \u0026#39;the book of the Stars of the Sciences by order of the emperor of Bijapur, Ibrahim jagat guru, bought by Nawab Sayyid Rustam\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA237","page_number":"237","snippet_text":"... Chakrovorty and Scott Kugle (eds.), Performing Ecstasy: The Poetics and \u003cb\u003ePolitics\u003c/b\u003e of Religion in India (Delhi: Manohar, 2009), pp. 198–9. 105 Ernst, \u0026#39;Yoginis\u0026#39;, 196. 106 Travis Zadeh, \u0026#39;An Ingestible Scripture: Esoteric Bodily Practices 237."},{"page_id":"PA247","page_number":"247","snippet_text":"... \u0026#39;Shirazi Scholars and the \u003cb\u003ePolitical\u003c/b\u003e Culture of the Sixteenth-Century Indo-Persian World\u0026#39;, The Indian Economic and Social History Review, 51(3) (2014), 331–52. 129 Abd al - Qadir Badauni , Muntakhab al - Esoteric Sciences in Bijapur 247."},{"page_id":"PA250","page_number":"250","snippet_text":"... : Mysticism, History and \u003cb\u003ePolitics\u003c/b\u003e at a South Asian Sufi Center (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1992). 139 See Francesca Orsini, \u0026#39;Traces of a Multilingual World: Hindavi 250 Esoteric Skills Commensurable Cosmologies."},{"page_id":"PA258","page_number":"258","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e identity of a sultanate. Surprisingly, however, the author has not bothered to remove the derogatory textual reference to Muslim rulers, whom the writer of the original source has grouped among low-caste Shudra and Gond rulers\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA260","page_number":"260","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e elites throughout the Deccan actually formed a single elite social class defined by their military skills ... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e monument \u0026#39; , representing a courtly life which he immediately recognises from his own experience.177\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA261","page_number":"261","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e landscape in which cul- tural , linguistic and cosmic perculiarities had been erased . One of the major problems facing rulers in the sixteenth - century Deccan was the question of how to recruit and retain courtly personnel\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA264","page_number":"264","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e claims through the medium of vernacular languages rather than through Sanskrit . The \u0026#39; vernacularisa- tion process \u0026#39; is still insufficiently understood , particularly as far as its intersection with another \u0026#39; cosmopolitan\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA277","page_number":"277","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e Khas ascendancy ̇ aʿis ̇ al-Fityan. of the Naqshbandi silsilah.34 However, a stronger indication that javanmardi existed as a lived ethical ideal in sultanate Deccan is seen in the layout of Bidar, once the capital city of the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA279","page_number":"279","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ePolitical\u003c/b\u003e Order and Societal Change in ShiVite Iran from the Beginning to 1890 (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1984), fn. 74. In sixteenth-century Iran, the competitive displays often turned into factional fights between\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA296","page_number":"296","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e career, as the case of the former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh Mulayam Singh Yadav attests.128 123 TM(BL), ff. 20v–r. 124 TM(E) ff. 31–4. 125 H. Beveridge (trans. and ed.), The Akbarnama of Abul Fazl (Calcutta: The Asiatic\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA301","page_number":"301","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e sponsorship for the game by his own patron, Ibrahim Adil Shah II, to whom Firishta\u0026#39;s history is dedicated. In the context of seventeenth-century France, Elias suggests that consolidation of power by a dynasty, and the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA305","page_number":"305","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e events and factions, and at the individual level: over their own bodies and those of others. At the communal level, the careful and conscious deploy- ment of \u0026#39;appropriate\u0026#39; language choices could help unite or fracture a\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA306","page_number":"306","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e and the ethical. These assumptions have tended to obscure some of the priorities in the sources and have allowed our understanding of the period to remain dictated by the framework and rationalities of modern \u003cb\u003epolitical\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA313","page_number":"313","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003epolitics\u003c/b\u003e , 6 , 7 , 79 , 81 , 192 , 259 , 264 , 280 , 301-2 dakani , 6 , 81 gharibi , 6 , 81 Falak al - Burūj , 37 , 47–50 , 234–5 , 275 Farah Bakhsh Bagh , 64–5 , 112–13 , 220-1 , 243-4 Firishta , Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah , 4 , 13\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=HDGdDwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA313\u0026vq=political"}],"search_query_escaped":"political"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>