CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "content.iospress.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9134a2172c36a198',cH: 'dfZ7e4NptsOiH7xjuRLru25Y7.qdpE5KyV.9rBrNgXU-1739783309-1.2.1.1-dEfonWOn4suejDGZCHXV7f1CVtSJ48lEoC9l.eXvo1vDl3PQ5tSx8prI90qwJhiE',cUPMDTk: "\/articles\/cancer-biomarkers\/dma-a498?__cf_chl_tk=7pz2Xi1SKu6JkvQEH3ZaQ5rPvKk4kNrZKgvsvgpm4Ew-1739783309-1.0.1.1-aTLTz7wJ.NIKSf7t_sKe7KEqBo6wyJXR0ctO8yVYSd8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783309',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/articles\/cancer-biomarkers\/dma-a498?__cf_chl_f_tk=7pz2Xi1SKu6JkvQEH3ZaQ5rPvKk4kNrZKgvsvgpm4Ew-1739783309-1.0.1.1-aTLTz7wJ.NIKSf7t_sKe7KEqBo6wyJXR0ctO8yVYSd8",md: "QI3sMXk_NaxmR4OA13m4WqUGfgu4J3Mz2eotcRXo7FE-1739783309-1.2.1.1-aZiGaK9VKHqoq2_Sgg4_JcLjFqr_qGciS6ph55VUkNcI1g16qDsU093TfilGZ5tyc7b2ATbenL1hWQnhltAVNYdUgPxBeHD9hItpp8JrPe.qefSqp7H6YOxcrUPAUqpa2G65ZC0r21cQKbSaga92mRwUcugM4aGBtSXGLLBY5JqOGyJhXOsIK5UwBg5tTar.FONg8A33s8YZf8fN60gRS1BAdi.l4irO7AFtkSXUKv3ZXCXqve1eLmj8Is9qWCUvn4y7ufuXPYw6fIBy41pAOSf6PXcqlcssmX.TRfnV1SeSmABhopPHAjlR_k3DVg2uGE_81VJz7z1jrUrTbwbznsNAw_NaSnUzcsOQhwQ5r8TWhGBhdAW1j9k8hYPqCAMI_Koj4sFCrVI4RWbn9LKka6nIEfpBrFhPt6rm_5ZRdxhxQLbeoG_CKLv0on4Hdpc8IxIflvlYudANM63AfT4nnzyynT.La7QPtdTCnpY8Fh7FM0c7KDaaKcS2_QmdC21jD8i4X24YJqgdRIwFPPLebFX2HkbR9gO7duCehtULfJtRV_adY2c0_Gp57Cnk04TpHqr73fUmsE0O4FyB3JCEshK4GKUSN48Ic4SbQzCyVTpD1PpOI.IrM_4Lww.UG0hd5N2LFvH3OpyFmWwwjQf_VOt4Z6nRm27KCrbNCLPxUGdh5W4O2i7TjWVjkzUWlREdbqxWIjgns2SFIw2MpaIKkJb0AhwJvnK6dCmqhQ9ZI9sshamlMTcp6qF9i.2WnKkbHrPXbTu7xB5X060PIob6Pef6yGLnpheI4Fj0j1WGZa._JC6JdqAX10TjjGNv.gIPqrt_D4vXqvV0fIaoXqv1Wch_xV._jJmVe6oo0YzGIz7aCv5MuB4UO1_Ss7vdIDqJInfMQZd_Bs0iZyMjAvZbrCtzf7fz1e4SpwOzay7wFFL2inWWVFOZ5z1k6BREAVCFBDf3CVsO9AnjLZEnISY73y2IXcm5BPHgrnwZY1DLIbB9fWHwBpN8B_yg9cKc6_l1OzAOQ_x36fRuswzel5_OCX8ANqFPqonqnjrIXCcvrFFhGxP1Y.ggTgaDpZKyQPSFPJC05pjRK.9z76qmSjMJf1aetpIsYIW5D3oOkpcvyXocqYcqO8bIAZ6CurIg7QclP9Lv35Mm_u6i_cLOTDfgVkZkjx6nMpBKIyuLafpI1FbqpdD2RmF86IVnMsctcSGhuFBdExnAiniRX8Rvx6oTMJ24Zh98NoKaryaBz.qGZWm8s85.QJVDiOuupEphPEEuUp9xIHeKVrmwA8GQBKCxnKBCKaMXqgKpceq2b7Mreo05iMLJzAZqALvNhDdFEKQGIr2UOp4CqCaDuoZjLaZ5l1wM..YEpjc2w7qPXE2nm4hSX9V3KyvMhmb6a3uLiNs0IM_L6wiImZpOziiEe3bRM69uOX6vFvbU1VpHPnUhcQm3qdB8DLJcscvrWpk6dK_hctm9KBWf2BfNd1LXDO26339lShPbMMkg2MEo_A2ymrmmoXsPTHVoc2jiF6D.Hr9kbfM1W_yhoDdh3GAqCSxhPVt07qlC3_k3236FtANnQFVJl3ResKzcA4Rd106xanjbnKSZZ0n.icjj9PAI_IQBNO3rp92gCC2QtXnpr6QgL2iTV0pYQkUPFUU9VIkY9tnuGe.G8_d2Sgbuw9iHqOr1Tnxd1naqO8If7ME0f6W1idXpYlH5E0j3Veh0DcOs1QGS9jtDD63UyM9oswgmZ6xfNKhuasT3LWheUK3w0fVWktHSF.W7ESf485dMp_3qH71DPAs.K3CU4X_1ROLpj_FaEPikm7f3E3ewNbcaXcHGyMZdyIYEfs7.IsG3NOhzwKLWrsoJtcNHRZHzyc6mNwUF3rJu6TyNMSd31a3bD2BSxAIX0Fxf8hRh9CiXx7U0Q8JFKWSqziomWCKZDS59gw2VcMY9gfVi7disTW_.VGWrl9Z.SYJ5bT74UfbOkEBVcGq0fjubul69E0mfnDppmvn.WrOd_hAB1nJNREKqfTq7vXXc8eDUh8EEUH2d3uIfzGY0OlhaN4B3ogYaTSdasQi1F7MvRz6PUXQu8LLuvAiz5.3i03l7OqvypBP7hTTVyfT0fzge9BilYf0EEwmL3Sd7E2dm1gkvrA.Ipgtu5fPJowo7aLW_8hTKRrt4sWRgpVkCPwvHO8l5lCqkQqr7FSQ5hEn_vofD4eSomJZzn4R1aATt6jaX7spkMPB.CwWh4rH8szalRCp0LQh4zxJbpAD_bi5IZhdtJ047E33LAot0PqaPKrXLQU8O4UOd_22_Pl3gLUKRNhoQ3OGw7XONyubXS2oqy_93.vn9B_RSO5xUHRQ4DX1QPBArj_8BT.ZxnJF6_N1WKqmq_DtsaUkWlMVTcxU4KY2_gTpTYGom.bwi5lMzJrGV1ehgs1sYi56YrctoYX.xBPaBq_JaDPmpv0X34aQj0EFzU6nmAs.VjJAqynvKaUGrAUO1CvZSvVm9.RBHH5K2hLD0.hp5O.tM2INUU6ZcTYTr6fHDSS5diuHiEqvyLs.glzj55efQr303mLfdfLJ2yMqyFhkj1nTJlhY_VA",mdrd: "qhbr_zBp9QpJl7QmDs4bkVRcBj1raykMWf679vmPk54-1739783309-1.2.1.1-W5rLbDPynFfN.u91pPXCahfV8Ifx6k57aOEK0ESO5pJYnZA27Pee6YK4N0qsjV5LOPeyd0q2GzsS5ezMQZZLhHMmsokxUUJ8b6109CXT41eFQyujC2I3Sqm.8k9IAPPfvH_uqr1kSA6jtAMMwd7ErhDO4nyZY1Pfg5qH.QaQ6KDAVi6ADe97GbyAkkb8228PIHp1lLWlG3p9vBwKPc4tjRS3DuUZ0F8WLIGXbbSZOaNUadDKVMuvCmupfx7AKAdMkyseixcjg86rpQBydWqpjuv5Qn1_d6Td5vgQY7uX9TlNLpsrT60NeyfzzGPOuZswRj_xgTgonshhiXwcZmEsWnHqDyCdOH0y2aGzrRXRvOt5880ek9HA3Blib4b4qHL7UgMM7kcOgEHri5bXO.FM7LollqMS.j2dN.nlCGgeK8WFbdU10dNFToX1mNL0CxUOAjoNlCUK93MVxszivPtTloICjL4zxm6fc62RtbReHTBkg5l3fFl5g9ZLPwjJ2VWvkGPw6D363IHx7c9beGBmF94Ubc2VeAwllDyLGlxLuB.UkWMPrhJNAa8e4vUu975WwAzaepJQ_gZ.DErGWn4mwDYm9.H.PJLyXIPTBZxCgtS0bAXbPdApu1BIbwgZ4CtDGg5hQZGlA9Wnkw2twrFiZ31UPATuPQBzdG_YDvZZXAWYTcpKVlR3xLW9E3slG9DAec7RsaLPlYoadFvPfIQTnBkspJIRf5qRsphDRh2Z2UHY8Jb7VvZQYHAYRPdGr6ANKwQzCplQu51RSzi5.F4bMGwLzErg2iHQ8KymbxYopDnMOBxSKQmEeN.VaDf1EsB5xW3ImPZtY5134vx5QLM44_qdKTvS3cprOmOTSLD1BGGFgfsr99pwHbIGwM9V6xbyRvIs8k6y19nx9ZISmtRJXFkqbZN3F7oGCRVG8Mk9En983nC7zHRmQALv9SdLMJm4.ZC682CPCN_Y.RjDaYsXdYlM4ewbI0axwhd3IcMrRzXYZEtv.D.IgtzptY3DcixVXDZIncv6K22kfTTJ.TmhvOrPLVOKXhu14Sv0asT5miecmVd3fzvedOCdb7zvZPliRCyPbjzYYFUAr2OcvNuSvIUNMNsK7a0uyX5TUink1p6YbowJXyK5Xo5kt3cQkPTl9yVo02sLhMIvLyLLlaVZLAZKuWfcFYsAklLmLpTXvibCW2BoVEL3V1mBkqAgKWp9UfZCCygzt_swf2ZXLXlpTiB3a8n2J0x.9x02_VkI99HrqvVdN.O1yQRwcJ686tgGYGbDHRkqTJ_wcKXyk_VXINU0eofKp_SfuUa6sR8QxVP1h6Wf3y2u1qKE7K56SoQv8uW3ZfENv.7OJKCdkTwm1MSsXKVWAT12CRQ_KdY.DTTO5BBXLhwLwHgwaCrtmg3aG17SwSfcvtsY6WLBR97jpdU5Lf8txKHXzq1sh4NAMyjcpYIdB68v.UqP1u.rv4qPvp0N6lsz6mF1AkNsDoj6Ttbzjee24tJKwe5xf2Nvc5Pz5puWKC.myu6x_zMV9m_g3X0B_nWVagh0TYpAOww6hHRTryQSMqEUVxmcrhOMvzzRnJjgnFR4OIGAuqlrB_cRWRsse3b1OMVCi3.A_nQXFcsoKEBctQ7Fal8PefUDsGQ9J3xmECYd3uuEp96TEhVAwb09vIfE1FUM5Z.TWoU4BHJY5DZ_BFmoqZZ4HQ87sG_cYRf1UqTMaw99T0.q6DnU8r4jDff61oiN4Tk6qMItfbOnH9tHYl6FoMrCb0Dy2WclyMr7eM.woQNDfvokOdDH13ixw12kET4IW3nUvskEFI6trb6GuQYakoWF13Hi524AO.Lm0lQ2xp7w9ZQQwEt6PSGYqS5OD07LWbzWazWi0V4EsYQcJk30Lh1DjIYdz4Su4FNpDsTHctdOCunyqwrVrraYg5H9FOKJUwDQ1lonBh3PKnps8btAxgMwH2p1dGlWAfH7C0Hz5k1x53j97xyQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134a2172c36a198';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/articles\/cancer-biomarkers\/dma-a498?__cf_chl_rt_tk=7pz2Xi1SKu6JkvQEH3ZaQ5rPvKk4kNrZKgvsvgpm4Ew-1739783309-1.0.1.1-aTLTz7wJ.NIKSf7t_sKe7KEqBo6wyJXR0ctO8yVYSd8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>