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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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.infobox-header{font-weight:normal}@media(max-width:640px){body.skin--responsive:not(.skin-monobook):not(.skin-timeless) .mw-parser-output .ib-election .notpageimage.noresize img{height:80px!important;width:auto!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1969 Hong Kong municipal election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hong_Kong_(1959%E2%80%931997).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1967 Hong Kong municipal election">1967</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>5 March 1969</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1971_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1971 Hong Kong municipal election">1971</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />5 (of the 10) elected seats to the <a href="/wiki/Urban_Council" title="Urban Council">Urban Council</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registered</th><td class="infobox-data">34,392 <small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>31.26%</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">8,178 (23.78%) <span style="font-size:85%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>14.88<a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">First party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Second party </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #679866;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hilton_Cheong-Leen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hilton_Cheong-Leen.png/110px-Hilton_Cheong-Leen.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hilton_Cheong-Leen.png/165px-Hilton_Cheong-Leen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hilton_Cheong-Leen.png/220px-Hilton_Cheong-Leen.png 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="966" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #D04627;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Cheong-Leen" title="Hilton Cheong-Leen">Hilton Cheong-Leen</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Brook_Bernacchi" title="Brook Bernacchi">Brook Bernacchi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civic_Association" title="Hong Kong Civic Association">Civic</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Club_of_Hong_Kong" title="Reform Club of Hong Kong">Reform</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats before </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">4 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats after </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>5</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>1 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">14,335 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>16,571</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">42.58% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>49.22%</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1969 Hong Kong Urban Council election</b> was held on 5 March 1969 for the five of the ten elected seats of the <a href="/wiki/Urban_Council_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban Council of Hong Kong">Urban Council of Hong Kong</a>. 8,178 of 34,392 registered voters voted, the turnout rate was 23.8 per cent, a sharp decline from the record breaking turnout in the <a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1967 Hong Kong municipal election">previous election in 1967</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All five contested seats were divided up by the two political groups, three of them went to the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civic_Association" title="Hong Kong Civic Association">Hong Kong Civic Association</a> while the other two went to the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Club_of_Hong_Kong" title="Reform Club of Hong Kong">Reform Club of Hong Kong</a>. All three Civic candidates, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Kan" title="Raymond Kan">Raymond Y. K. Kan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Chan_Chi-kwan" title="Peter Chan Chi-kwan">Peter C. K. Chan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wong_(politician)" title="Henry Wong (politician)">Henry Wong</a> were newly elected to the Urban Council. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outcome">Outcome</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Hong_Kong_municipal_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Outcome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Urban Council Election 1969<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#D04627; width:5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Reform_Club_of_Hong_Kong" title="Reform Club of Hong Kong">Reform</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/Brook_Bernacchi" title="Brook Bernacchi">Brook Bernacchi</a> </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>5,455 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>16.20 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b> </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#D04627; width:5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Reform_Club_of_Hong_Kong" title="Reform Club of Hong Kong">Reform</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hu" title="Henry Hu">Henry H. L. Hu</a> </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>4,761 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>14.14 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b> </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#679866; width:5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civic_Association" title="Hong Kong Civic Association">Civic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Kan" title="Raymond Kan">Raymond Y. K. Kan</a> </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>4,325 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>12.85 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b><i>New</i> </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#679866; width:5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civic_Association" title="Hong Kong Civic Association">Civic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chan_Chi-kwan" title="Peter Chan Chi-kwan">Peter C. K. Chan</a> </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>4,111 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>12.21 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>+6.84 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#679866; width:5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civic_Association" title="Hong Kong Civic Association">Civic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wong_(politician)" title="Henry Wong (politician)">Henry Wong</a> </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>3,536 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>10.50 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b><i>New</i> </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </td> <td class="fn">Y. B. Low </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">2,752 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">8.17 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+6.75 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #D04627; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Club_of_Hong_Kong" title="Reform Club of Hong Kong">Reform</a> </td> <td class="fn">Eva Leung </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">2,553 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">7.58 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #D04627; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Club_of_Hong_Kong" title="Reform Club of Hong Kong">Reform</a> </td> <td class="fn">Patrick Wong </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">2,459 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">7.30 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+3.27 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #679866; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civic_Association" title="Hong Kong Civic Association">Civic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Harry Odell </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">2,373 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">7.05 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #D04627; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Club_of_Hong_Kong" title="Reform Club of Hong Kong">Reform</a> </td> <td class="fn">Alberto Da Cruz </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">1,343 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">3.99 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Turnout</a> </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">8,178 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">23.78 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">−14.88 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voter_registration" title="Voter registration">Registered electors</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em">34,392 </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em">+31.26 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Hong_Kong_municipal_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1">"競選市議員今晨揭曉". <i>華僑日報</i>. 1969-03-06. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%8F%AF%E5%83%91%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft.atitle=%E7%AB%B6%E9%81%B8%E5%B8%82%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1+%E4%BB%8A%E6%99%A8%E6%8F%AD%E6%9B%89&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1969-03-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1969+Hong+Kong+municipal+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong1969" class="citation news cs1">Wong, Chris (3 March 1969). "3 seats to Civic; Two seats to Reform". <i>Hong Kong Standard</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Standard&rft.atitle=3+seats+to+Civic%3B+Two+seats+to+Reform&rft.date=1969-03-03&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1969+Hong+Kong+municipal+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Hong_Kong_municipal_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lau, Y.W. (2002). <i>A history of the municipal councils of Hong Kong : 1883-1999 : from the Sanitary Board to the Urban Council and the Regional Council</i>. Leisure and Cultural Service Dept.</li> <li>Pepper, Suzanne (2008). <i>Keeping Democracy at Bay:Hong Kong and the Challenge of Chinese Political Reform</i>. Rowman & Littlefield.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hong_Kong_elections" title="Template:Hong Kong elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hong_Kong_elections" title="Template talk:Hong Kong elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hong_Kong_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hong Kong elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Hong_Kong&#124;link=Hong_Kong_Elections_and_referendums_in_Hong_Kong" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hong_Kong" title="Elections in Hong Kong">Elections and referendums in Hong Kong</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a> elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="1996 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2002 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2005 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2007 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2012 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2022 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2022</a></li> <li><i>2027</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Election_Committee_(Hong_Kong)" title="Election Committee (Hong Kong)">Election Committee</a> elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_Hong_Kong_Election_Committee_Subsector_elections" title="1998 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector elections">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Hong_Kong_Election_Committee_Subsector_elections" title="2000 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector elections">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Hong_Kong_Election_Committee_Subsector_by-elections" title="2002 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector by-elections">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Hong_Kong_Election_Committee_Subsector_by-elections" title="2005 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector by-elections">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Hong_Kong_Election_Committee_Subsector_elections" title="2006 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector elections">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Hong_Kong_Election_Committee_Subsector_elections" title="2011 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector elections">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hong_Kong_Election_Committee_Subsector_elections" title="2016 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector elections">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_Election_Committee_Subsector_elections" title="2021 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector elections">2021</a></li> <li><i>2026</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_elections" title="Hong Kong legislative elections">Legislative Council elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1985_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="1985 Hong Kong legislative election">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="1988 Hong Kong legislative election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="1991 Hong Kong legislative election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="1995 Hong Kong legislative election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Hong_Kong_provisional_legislative_election" title="1996 Hong Kong provisional legislative election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="1998 Hong Kong legislative election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2000 Hong Kong legislative election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2004 Hong Kong legislative election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2008 Hong Kong legislative election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2012 Hong Kong legislative election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2016 Hong Kong legislative election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2021 Hong Kong legislative election">2021</a></li> <li><i>2025</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sanitary Board and municipal elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1888_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1888 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1891 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1894 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1899 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1901_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1901 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1903 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1906 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1909 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1912 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1914 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1915 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1916 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1917 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1919 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1920 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1922 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1923 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1924 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1926 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1927 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1929 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1930 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1932_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="May 1932 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1932 (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1932_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="November 1932 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1932 (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1933 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Hong_Kong_sanitary_board_election" title="1935 Hong Kong sanitary board election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1936 Hong Kong municipal election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1937 Hong Kong municipal election">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1939 Hong Kong municipal election">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1940 Hong Kong municipal election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1952 Hong Kong municipal election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1953 Hong Kong municipal election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1954 Hong Kong municipal election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1955 Hong Kong municipal election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1956 Hong Kong municipal election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1957 Hong Kong municipal election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1959 Hong Kong municipal election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1961 Hong Kong municipal election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1963 Hong Kong municipal election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1965 Hong Kong municipal election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1967 Hong Kong municipal election">1967</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1971 Hong Kong municipal election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1973 Hong Kong municipal election">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1975 Hong Kong municipal election">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1977 Hong Kong municipal election">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1979 Hong Kong municipal election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1981 Hong Kong municipal election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Hong_Kong_municipal_election" title="1983 Hong Kong municipal election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Hong_Kong_municipal_elections" title="1986 Hong Kong municipal elections">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Hong_Kong_municipal_elections" title="1989 Hong Kong municipal elections">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Hong_Kong_municipal_elections" title="1991 Hong Kong municipal elections">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Hong_Kong_municipal_elections" title="1995 Hong Kong municipal elections">1995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="Hong Kong local elections">District Council elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1982_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1982 Hong Kong local elections">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1985 Hong Kong local elections">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1988 Hong Kong local elections">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1991 Hong Kong local elections">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1994 Hong Kong local elections">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1999 Hong Kong local elections">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2003 Hong Kong local elections">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2007 Hong Kong local elections">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2011 Hong Kong local elections">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2015 Hong Kong local elections">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2019 Hong Kong local elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2023 Hong Kong local elections">2023</a></li> <li><i>2027</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Representative_elections" title="Rural Representative elections">Rural Representative elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Representative_elections#2003" title="Rural Representative elections">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Representative_elections#2007" title="Rural Representative elections">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Representative_elections#2011" title="Rural Representative elections">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Representative_elections#2019" title="Rural Representative elections">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_Rural_Representative_election" title="2019 Hong Kong Rural Representative election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Representative_elections#2023" title="Rural Representative elections">2023</a></li> <li><i>2027</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1997_National_People%27s_Congress_election_in_Hong_Kong" title="1997 National People's Congress election in Hong Kong">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_National_People%27s_Congress_election_in_Hong_Kong" title="2002 National People's Congress election in Hong Kong">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_National_People%27s_Congress_election_in_Hong_Kong" title="2008 National People's Congress election in Hong Kong">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_National_People%27s_Congress_election_in_Hong_Kong" title="2012 National People's Congress election in Hong Kong">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_National_People%27s_Congress_election_in_Hong_Kong" title="2017 National People's Congress election in Hong Kong">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_National_People%27s_Congress_election_in_Hong_Kong" title="2022 National People's Congress election in Hong Kong">2022</a></li> <li><i>2027</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plebiscite</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1896_Hong_Kong_Sanitary_Board_plebiscite" title="1896 Hong Kong Sanitary Board plebiscite">1896</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Affairs_Commission" title="Electoral Affairs Commission">Electoral Affairs Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registration_and_Electoral_Office_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Registration and Electoral Office (Hong Kong)">Registration and Electoral Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_by-elections" title="List of Hong Kong by-elections">List of Hong Kong by-elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_elections" title="Template:Chinese elections">Elections in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Macanese_elections" title="Template:Macanese elections">Elections in Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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