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<span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religious_view" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_view"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Religious view</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_view-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Films_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Films and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appendix" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appendix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Appendix</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Appendix-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Appendix subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Appendix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jahangir</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="نور الدين جهانكير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نور الدين جهانكير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Cahangir" title="Sultan Cahangir – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sultan Cahangir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87" title="جهانگیرشاه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جهانگیرشاه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0" title="জাহাঙ্গীর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাহাঙ্গীর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%80" title="Джахангір – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джахангір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="जहाँगीर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जहाँगीर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Джахангир – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джахангир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEah%C3%A1ng%C3%ADr" title="Džahángír – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Džahángír" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AF%CF%81" title="Τζαχανγκίρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζαχανγκίρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Cahangir" title="Ĝahangir – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝahangir" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87" title="جهانگیرشاه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جهانگیرشاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jah%C3%A2ng%C3%AEr" title="Jahângîr – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jahângîr" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%B0%EB%A5%B4" title="자한기르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자한기르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Ջահանգիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջահանգիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="जहाँगीर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जहाँगीर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A8" title="ג'האנגיר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'האנגיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಹಾಂಗೀರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಹಾಂಗೀರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯაჰანგირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯაჰანგირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%BB)" title="Жиһангер (падишаһ) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жиһангер (падишаһ)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEahangyras" title="Džahangyras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džahangyras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzsah%C3%A1ng%C3%ADr_mogul_sah" title="Dzsahángír mogul sah – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dzsahángír mogul sah" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="जहाँगीर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जहाँगीर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC" title="ജഹാംഗീർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജഹാംഗീർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="जहांगीर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जहांगीर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="نور الدين جهانكير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نور الدين جهانكير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%94" title="ꯖꯍꯥꯡꯒꯤꯔ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯍꯥꯡꯒꯤꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuruddin_Salim_Jahangir" title="Nuruddin Salim Jahangir – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nuruddin Salim Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="जहाँगीर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जहाँगीर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ジャハーンギール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャハーンギール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%B0" title="ଜାହାଙ୍ଗୀର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜାହାଙ୍ଗୀର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahongir" title="Jahongir – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jahongir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0" title="ਜਹਾਂਗੀਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਹਾਂਗੀਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="جہانگیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جہانگیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="نورالدین جهانګیر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نورالدین جهانګیر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BCahangir" title="Dżahangir – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dżahangir" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Джахангир – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джахангир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="जहाङ्गीर – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जहाङ्गीर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AC%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="نورالدین محمد جہانگیر – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="نورالدین محمد جہانگیر" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="جەھانگیر شا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەھانگیر شا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djahangir" title="Djahangir – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Djahangir" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜஹாங்கீர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜஹாங்கீர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="జహాంగీర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జహాంగీర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรพรรดิชะฮันคีร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิชะฮันคีร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cihangir" title="Cihangir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cihangir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%91%D1%96%D1%80" title="Джаханґір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джаханґір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="نورالدین جہانگیر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نورالدین جہانگیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jahangir" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%B1%89%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="贾汉吉尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="贾汉吉尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%B1%89%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="贾汉吉尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="贾汉吉尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83653#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Jahangir" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mughal emperor from 1605 to 1627</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jahangir_(name)" title="Jahangir (name)">Jahangir (name)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jahangir_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jahangir (disambiguation)">Jahangir (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Jahangir</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Padishah" title="Padishah">Padishah</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_royal_titles_of_the_Mughal_emperors" title="Imperial and royal titles of the Mughal emperors">Al-Sultan al-Azam</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Shahenshah-e-Hind" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahenshah-e-Hind">Shahenshah-e-Hind</a> (King of Kings of India)</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jahangircrop.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Jahangircrop.jpeg/220px-Jahangircrop.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Jahangircrop.jpeg/330px-Jahangircrop.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Jahangircrop.jpeg/440px-Jahangircrop.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3317" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Hasan_(artist)" title="Abu'l-Hasan (artist)">Abu al-Hasan</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1617</span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Hindustan" title="Emperor of Hindustan">Emperor of Hindustan</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">3 November 1605 – 28 October 1627</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24 November 1605</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Shahryar_Mirza" title="Shahryar Mirza">Shahryar Mirza</a> (<i>de facto</i>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Dawar_Bakhsh" title="Dawar Bakhsh">Dawar Bakhsh</a> (titular)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1569-08-31</span>)</span>31 August 1569<br /><a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra Sarkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agra_Subah" title="Agra Subah">Agra Subah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(modern-day <a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agra_district" title="Agra district">Agra district</a>, Uttar Pradesh, India)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">28 October 1627<span style="display:none">(1627-10-28)</span> (aged 58)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bhimber" title="Bhimber">Bhimber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir Subah">Kashmir Sarkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabul_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabul Subah">Kabul Subah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(modern-day <a href="/wiki/Bhimber" title="Bhimber">Bhimber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhimber_District" title="Bhimber District">Bhimber district</a>, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jahangir" title="Tomb of Jahangir">Tomb of Jahangir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, Pakistan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Begum_(wife_of_Jahangir)" title="Shah Begum (wife of Jahangir)">Shah Begum</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="13 February 1585">1585</span>; <abbr title="death">d.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="16 May 1604">1604</span>)<wbr /></div><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jagat_Gosain" title="Jagat Gosain">Bilqis Makani</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="21 September 1586">1586</span>; <abbr title="death">d.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="8 April 1619">1619</span>)<wbr /></div><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Khas_Mahal" title="Khas Mahal">Khas Mahal</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1596)<wbr /></div><sup id="cite_ref-Q_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Q-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saliha_Banu_Begum" title="Saliha Banu Begum">Saliha Banu Begum</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1608; <abbr title="death">d.</abbr> 1620)<wbr /></div><sup id="cite_ref-Q_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Q-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nur_Jahan" title="Nur Jahan">Nur Jahan</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1611)<wbr /></div><sup id="cite_ref-Q_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Q-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wives <br /><a href="#Marriages"><i>more...</i></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sahib_Jamal" title="Sahib Jamal">Sahib Jamal</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1586; <abbr title="death">d.</abbr> 1599)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Malika_Jahan" title="Malika Jahan">Malika Jahan</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1587)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nur-un-Nissa_Begum_(wife_of_Jahangir)" title="Nur-un-Nissa Begum (wife of Jahangir)">Nur-un-Nissa</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1592)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Issue">more...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan-un-Nissa_Begum" title="Sultan-un-Nissa Begum">Sultan-un-Nissa Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khusrau_Mirza" title="Khusrau Mirza">Khusrau Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parviz_Mirza" title="Parviz Mirza">Parviz Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahar_Banu_Begum" title="Bahar Banu Begum">Bahar Banu Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzzat-un-Nissa_Begum" title="Luzzat-un-Nissa Begum">Luzzat-un-Nissa Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahryar_Mirza" title="Shahryar Mirza">Shahryar Mirza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Mirza Nur-ud-din Baig Muhammad Khan Salim</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Era dates</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">16th and 17th centuries</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Khushru-i-Giti Panah Abu'l-Fath Nur ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Padshah</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Jannat Makani (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Dwelling in Heaven</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mughal_dynasty" title="Mughal dynasty">House of Babur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani">Mariam-uz-Zamani</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">Imperial Seal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Persian_47_Wellcome_L0050349.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jahangir's signature"><img alt="Jahangir's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Persian_47_Wellcome_L0050349.jpg/125px-Persian_47_Wellcome_L0050349.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Persian_47_Wellcome_L0050349.jpg/188px-Persian_47_Wellcome_L0050349.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Persian_47_Wellcome_L0050349.jpg/250px-Persian_47_Wellcome_L0050349.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6144" data-file-height="4081" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim</b><sup id="cite_ref-Singh14_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (31 August 1569 – 28 October 1627),<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> known by his imperial name <b>Jahangir</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Persian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[d͡ʒa.hɑːn.ˈɡiːɾ]</a></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Conqueror of the World</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was <a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="List of emperors of the Mughal Empire">Emperor of Hindustan</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1605 until his death in 1627, and the fourth <a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperors">Mughal Emperor</a>. </p><p>Born as Prince Salim, he was the third and only surviving son of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> and his chief empress, <a href="/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani">Mariam-uz-Zamani</a>. Akbar's quest for a successor took him to visit the <a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Ishaan" title="Hazrat Ishaan">Hazrat Ishaan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salim_Chishti" title="Salim Chishti">Salim Chishti</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_saints" title="List of Sufi saints">Sufi saints</a> who prophesied the birth of three sons. Jahangir's birth in <a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a> was seen as a fulfillment of Chishti's blessings, and he was named after him. His early life was marked by personal tragedy, including the death of his twin brothers in infancy, which led to a sense of grief in his family. His early education was comprehensive, covering various subjects including <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">military tactics</a>. Jahangir's upbringing was heavily influenced by the cultural and spiritual heritage of his family, setting the stage for his later rule as emperor. </p><p>His reign was marked by a combination of artistic achievement and political intrigue, set against the backdrop of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>'s considerable expansion and consolidation. Jahangir's rule is distinguished by his commitment to justice and his interest in the arts, particularly painting and architecture, which flourished during his reign. Jahangir's reign was characterized by a complex relationship with his nobility and family, notably reflected in his marriage to Mehar-un-Nisa (later known as Empress <a href="/wiki/Nur_Jahan" title="Nur Jahan">Nur Jahan</a>), who wielded significant political influence behind the throne. This period saw the empire's further entrenchment into the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, including efforts to subdue the <a href="/wiki/Rajput_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajput kingdoms">Rajput Kingdoms</a> and extend Mughal authority into the <a href="/wiki/Deccan" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan">Deccan</a>. Jahangir's foreign policy included interactions with the <a href="/wiki/Safavids" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavids">Safavids</a> of <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, as well as with the English <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>, marking the beginning of European influence in Indian politics and commerce. </p><p>Despite his achievements, Jahangir's reign had challenges, including revolts led by his sons, which threatened the stability of his rule. His poor health, caused by a lifetime of <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a> and alcohol use, led to his death in 1627, precipitating a brief succession crisis before the throne passed to his son, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>. Jahangir's legacy lives on through his contributions to <a href="/wiki/Mughal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal art">Mughal art</a> and architecture, his memoirs, and the policies he implemented, which continued to influence the empire after his demise. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birth_of_jahangir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Birth_of_jahangir.jpg/220px-Birth_of_jahangir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Birth_of_jahangir.jpg/330px-Birth_of_jahangir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Birth_of_jahangir.jpg/440px-Birth_of_jahangir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of <a href="/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani">Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani</a>, giving birth to prince Salim in <a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a>, painted by <a href="/wiki/Bishandas" title="Bishandas">Bishandas</a>. </figcaption></figure><p>Prince Salim was the third son born to <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani">Mariam-uz-Zamani</a> in the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a> on 31 August 1569.<sup id="cite_ref-tuzk-e-jahangiri_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuzk-e-jahangiri-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-farishta_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farishta-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had two elder twin brothers, <a href="/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani#Birth_of_twins" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani">Hassan and Hussain Mirza</a>, born in 1564, both of whom died in infancy.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grief-struck, Akbar took Mariam-uz-Zamani along with him after their sons' demise as he set out for a war campaign, and, during his return to <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>, he sought the blessings of Salim Chishti, a reputed <a href="/wiki/Khawaja" title="Khawaja">khawaja</a> (religious leader) who lived at Fatehpur Sikri.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akbar confided in Salim Chisti, who assured him that he would be soon delivered of three sons who would live up to a ripe old age. A few years before the birth of Prince Salim, Akbar and Mariam-uz-Zamani went on a pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Sharif_Dargah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajmer Sharif Dargah">Ajmer Sharif Dargah</a> to pray for a son.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Akbar was informed of the news that his chief Hindu wife was expecting a child, an order was passed for the establishment of a royal palace in Fatehpur Sikri near the lodgings of Salim Chishti, where the Empress could enjoy the repose in the vicinity of the saint. Mariam was shifted to the palace established there and during her pregnancy, Akbar himself used to travel to Sikri and used to spend half of his time in Sikri and another half in Agra.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One day, while Mariam-uz-Zamani was pregnant with Salim, the baby stopped kicking in the womb abruptly. Akbar was at that time hunting cheetahs when this matter was reported to him. Thinking if he could have done anything more for the safety of his unborn child, he vowed that from that day he would never hunt cheetahs on Fridays and Salim notes in his autobiography that Akbar kept his vow throughout his life. Salim, too, in reverence for his father's vow, never hunted cheetahs on Friday.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190945–46_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190945–46-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Mariam-uz-Zamani was near her confinement, she was shifted to the humble dwelling of Salim by Akbar where she gave birth to Salim. He was named after Salim, given the faith of Akbar in the efficacy of the prayers of the holy man.<sup id="cite_ref-tuzk-e-jahangiri_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuzk-e-jahangiri-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jahangir's foster mother was the daughter of Salim Chishti, and his foster brother was <a href="/wiki/Qutubuddin_Koka" title="Qutubuddin Koka">Qutubuddin Koka</a>, the grandson of Chishti.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jahangir began his education at the age of five. On this occasion, a big feast was thrown by the Emperor to ceremonially initiate his son into education. His first tutor was Qutubuddin Koka. Many other tutors were appointed to teach Persian, Arabic, Turkish, Hindi, Arithmetic, History, Geography, and Sciences. <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahim_Khan-i-Khanan" title="Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan">Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan</a>, one of the versatile geniuses, was an important tutor of him.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His maternal uncle, <a href="/wiki/Bhagwant_Das" title="Bhagwant Das">Bhagwant Das</a> the <a href="/wiki/Kachhwaha" title="Kachhwaha">Kachhwaha</a> ruler of <a href="/wiki/Amber,_India" title="Amber, India">Amer</a>, was supposedly one of his tutors on the subject of warfare tactics.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During this time, Jahangir grew up fluent in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and premodern <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, with a "respectable" knowledge of Persianified courtly <a href="/wiki/Chaghatai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaghatai language">Chaghatai</a> ("Turki"), the Mughal ancestral language.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 February 1585, Jahangir married the <a href="/wiki/Kachwaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kachwaha">Kachwaha Rajput</a> princess of Amer, Kunwari Manbhawat Deiji, in her native town Amer. A lavish ceremony took place in <a href="/wiki/Amber_Fort" title="Amber Fort">Amber Fort</a> and the bride's palanquin was carried by Akbar and Salim for some distance in her honor. The gifts given by Mariam-uz-Zamani to the bride and bride-groom were valued at twelve lakh rupees.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She became his favorite wife and soon rose to the level of a <a href="/wiki/Royal_consort" title="Royal consort">consort</a> rather than being a mere wife. Jahangir notes that he was extremely fond of her and designated her as his chief consort in the royal harem in his princely days. Jahangir also records his attachment and affection for her and makes notes of her unwavering devotion towards him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190913_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190913-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jahangir honored her with the title "<i>Shah Begum"</i> after she gave birth to Prince <a href="/wiki/Khusrau_Mirza" title="Khusrau Mirza">Khusrau Mirza</a>, the eldest son of Jahangir.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 January 1586, Jahangir married one of his early favorite wives, a <a href="/wiki/Rathore_dynasty" title="Rathore dynasty">Rathore Rajput</a> princess Kunwari Manawati Deiji, daughter of Mota <a href="/wiki/Udai_Singh_of_Marwar" title="Udai Singh of Marwar">Raja Udai Singh</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Marwar" title="Kingdom of Marwar">Kingdom of Marwar</a>, at the bride's residence, i.e., <a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After her death, Jahangir honored her with the title of "Bilqis Makani" (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Lady if Pure Abode</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). She gave birth to two daughters of Salim, both of whom died during childhood and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Khurram" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Khurram">Prince Khurram</a>, the future emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>, who was Jahangir's successor to the throne.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On 26 June, Jahangir married a second Rathore Rajput princess, Kunwari Sujas Deiji, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Rai_Singh_of_Bikaner" title="Rai Singh of Bikaner">Raja Rai Singh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bikaner" title="Bikaner">Bikaner</a>, an offshoot of Jodhpur. In July, he married Malika Shikar Begum daughter of Abu Sa'id Khan Chagatai. Also in 1586, he married <a href="/wiki/Sahib-i-Jamal_Begum" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahib-i-Jamal Begum">Sahib-i-Jamal Begum</a> daughter of Khwaja Hasan of <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> in Afghanistan a cousin of Zain Khan Koka. </p><p>In 1587, he married a <a href="/wiki/Bhati" title="Bhati">Bhati</a> <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajput</a> princess (name not known) entitled <a href="/wiki/Malika_Jahan" title="Malika Jahan">Malika Jahan Begum</a> daughter of Rawal Bhim Singh of the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Jaisalmer" title="Jaisalmer">Jaisalmer</a>. He also married the daughter of Raja Darya Malbhas. </p><p>In October 1590, Jahangir married Zohra Begum daughter of Mirza Sanjar Hazara. He married a third Rathore Rajput princess, Kunwari Karamsi Deiji, daughter of Rao Keshav Das of <a href="/wiki/Merta_City" title="Merta City">Merta</a> linked with the house of <a href="/wiki/Marwar" title="Marwar">Marwar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 January 1592, he married Kanwal Rani daughter of Ali Sher Khan by his wife Gul Khatun. In October 1592, he married a daughter of Sultan Husain Chak of the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir Sultanate</a>. In January/March 1593, he married <a href="/wiki/Nur-un-Nissa_Begum_(wife_of_Jahangir)" title="Nur-un-Nissa Begum (wife of Jahangir)">Nur un-Nisa Begum</a> daughter of a <a href="/wiki/Safavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid">Safavid Persian</a> prince Ibrahim Husain Mirza by his wife Gulrukh Begum a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Kamran_Mirza" title="Kamran Mirza">Kamran Mirza</a> brother of <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal Emperor">Mughal Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a>. In September 1593, he married a daughter of Sultan Ali Khan Faruqi of the <a href="/wiki/Khandesh" title="Khandesh">Khandesh Sultanate</a>. He also married a daughter of Abdullah Khan Baluch of <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sind</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett,_Berlin_-_5549249.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5549249.jpg/220px-Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5549249.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5549249.jpg/330px-Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5549249.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5549249.jpg/440px-Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5549249.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption>Coin of Jahangir</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1594, Jahangir was dispatched by his father, Akbar, alongside <a href="/wiki/Asaf_Khan_I" title="Asaf Khan I">Asaf Khan</a> also known as Mirza Jafar Beg and <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak">Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak</a> to defeat the renegade Raja <a href="/wiki/Vir_Singh_Deo" title="Vir Singh Deo">Vir Singh Deo</a> <a href="/wiki/Bundela" title="Bundela">Bundela</a> and to capture the city of <a href="/wiki/Orchha" title="Orchha">Orchha</a> which was considered the centre of the revolt. Jahangir arrived with a force of 12,000 after many ferocious encounters and finally subdued the Bundela and ordered Vir Singh Deo to surrender. After tremendous casualties and the start of negotiations between the two, Vir Singh Deo handed over 5000 Bundela infantry and 1000 cavalry and submitted to the command of Jahangir along with taking up imperial services at the court later. The victorious Jahangir, at 26 years of age, ordered the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Jahangir_Mahal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahangir Mahal">Jahangir Mahal</a> a famous Mughal citadel in Orchha to commemorate and honour his victory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>From the very beginning of Jahangir reign as emperor, he witnessed the internal rivalry of the bundela chiefs for control.<sup id="cite_ref-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jahangir appointed his favourite Vir Singh, as the ruler of Orchha by removing his elder brother Raja Ram Shah.<sup id="cite_ref-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This greatly hampered the interest of Ram Shah's house.<sup id="cite_ref-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, Ram Shah along with his family members Bharat Shah, Indrajit, Rao Bhupal, Angad, Prema, and Devi (the wife of the deposed king) raised their arms in rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Ram Shah was defeated by his brother Vir Singh with the help of imperial army under Abdullah Khan.<sup id="cite_ref-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then the deposed Bundela chief escaped and continued to fight the Mughals for two years until he was finally arrested in 1607 and put in prison at <a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a> only later to be given the territory of <a href="/wiki/Chanderi" title="Chanderi">Chanderi</a> as his patrimony. </p><p>On 28 June 1596, he married <a href="/wiki/Khas_Mahal" title="Khas Mahal">Khas Mahal Begum</a> daughter of Zain Khan Koka the imperial <a href="/wiki/Subadar" class="mw-redirect" title="Subadar">Subadar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>. This marriage was initially opposed by Akbar as he did not approve of the marriage of cousins to the same man however seeing the melancholy of Salim being refused to marry her, Akbar approved of this union. She became one of his chief consorts after her marriage. </p><p>In 1608, he married <a href="/wiki/Saliha_Banu_Begum" title="Saliha Banu Begum">Saliha Banu Begum</a>, daughter of Qasim Khan a senior member of the Imperial Household. She became one of his chief consorts and was designated the honorary title of "<a href="/wiki/Padshah_Begum" title="Padshah Begum">Padshah Begum</a>" and for most of the reign of Jahangir retained this title. After her death, this title was passed to Nur Jahan. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett,_Berlin_-_5549603.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5549603.jpg/220px-Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5549603.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5549603.jpg/330px-Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5549603.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5549603.jpg/440px-Mogul-_Jahangir_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5549603.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1207" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>Coin of Jahangir depicting him the Moghul Emperor of Hindustan</figcaption></figure> <p>On 17 June 1608, he married a second Kachwaha Rajput princess, Kunwari Koka Kumari, eldest daughter of Jagat Singh, the deceased heir apparent or "Yuvraj" of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Amber" title="Kingdom of Amber">Amber</a> and granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Mirza_(name)" title="Mirza (name)">Mirza</a> <a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a> <a href="/wiki/Man_Singh_I" title="Man Singh I">Man Singh I</a>. This marriage was held at the palace of Jahangir's mother, Mariam-uz-Zamani, in Agra. On 11 January 1610, he accepted the hand of the daughter of Raja Ram Shah <a href="/wiki/Bundela" title="Bundela">Bundela</a> of <a href="/wiki/Orchha" title="Orchha">Orchha</a> in marriage to mark a formal end to the hostilities between them.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At some point, he had also married Kabuli Begum daughter of <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Muhammad_Hakim" title="Mirza Muhammad Hakim">Mirza Muhammad Hakim</a> son of <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Emperor Humayun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Q_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Q-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also one of the later chief consorts of Jahangir. </p><p>Jahangir married Mehr-un-Nisa (better known by her subsequent title of <a href="/wiki/Nur_Jahan" title="Nur Jahan">Nur Jahan</a>) on 25 May 1611. She was the widow of a high-ranking <a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire">Persian</a> nobleman <a href="/wiki/Sher_Afgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sher Afgan">Sher Afgan</a>. Mehr-un-Nisa became his utmost favorite wife after their marriage and was the last of his chief consorts. She was witty, intelligent, and beautiful, which attracted Jahangir to her. Before being awarded the title of Nur Jahan ('Light of the World'), she was called Nur Mahal ('Light of the Palace'). After the death of Saliha Bano Begum in the year 1620, she was designated the title of "Padshah Begum" and held it until the death of Jahangir in 1627. Her abilities are said to range from fashion and jewellery designing, perfumery, hunting to building architectural monuments and more. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ancestral lineage of Jahangir were traced from the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_dynasty" title="Mughal dynasty">House of Babur</a> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268078990">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Jahangir</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">8.<a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Maham_Begum" title="Maham Begum">Maham Begum</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Akbar_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbar I">Akbar I</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">10.Shaikh Ali Akbar Jami</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Hamida_Banu_Begum" title="Hamida Banu Begum">Hamida Banu Begum</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">11.Mah Afroz Begum</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Jahangir</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="24" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">12.<a href="/wiki/Prithviraj_Singh_I" title="Prithviraj Singh I">Prithviraj Singh I</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">6.<a href="/wiki/Bharmal" title="Bharmal">Bharmal</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">13.Apurva Deiji</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani">Mariam-uz-Zamani</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="9"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="8" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">14.Rao Ganga <a href="/wiki/Solanki_(clan)" title="Solanki (clan)">Solanki</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">7. Champa Deiji</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manohar._Emperor_Jahangir_Weighs_Prince_Khurram._Page_from_Tuzuk-i_Jahangiri._1610-1615,_British_Museum,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Manohar._Emperor_Jahangir_Weighs_Prince_Khurram._Page_from_Tuzuk-i_Jahangiri._1610-1615%2C_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg/220px-Manohar._Emperor_Jahangir_Weighs_Prince_Khurram._Page_from_Tuzuk-i_Jahangiri._1610-1615%2C_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Manohar._Emperor_Jahangir_Weighs_Prince_Khurram._Page_from_Tuzuk-i_Jahangiri._1610-1615%2C_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg/330px-Manohar._Emperor_Jahangir_Weighs_Prince_Khurram._Page_from_Tuzuk-i_Jahangiri._1610-1615%2C_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Manohar._Emperor_Jahangir_Weighs_Prince_Khurram._Page_from_Tuzuk-i_Jahangiri._1610-1615%2C_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg/440px-Manohar._Emperor_Jahangir_Weighs_Prince_Khurram._Page_from_Tuzuk-i_Jahangiri._1610-1615%2C_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1738" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Emperor Jahangir weighing his son <a href="/wiki/Prince_Khurram" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Khurram">Prince Khurram</a> (the future Shah Jahan) on a weighing scale. by <a href="/wiki/Manohar_Das" title="Manohar Das">Manohar</a> c.1615.</figcaption></figure><p>Jahangir's sons were: </p><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khusrau_Mirza" title="Khusrau Mirza">Khusrau Mirza</a> (16 August 1587 – 26 January 1622) — with <a href="/wiki/Shah_Begum_(wife_of_Jahangir)" title="Shah Begum (wife of Jahangir)">Shah Begum</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Bhagwant_Das" title="Bhagwant Das">Raja Bhagwant Das</a> of <a href="/wiki/Amer,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Amer, India">Amber</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parviz_Mirza" title="Parviz Mirza">Parviz Mirza</a> (31 October 1589 – 28 October 1626) — with <a href="/wiki/Sahib_Jamal" title="Sahib Jamal">Sahib Jamal Begum</a>, daughter of Khwaja Hasan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Muhammad Khurram</a> (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666) — with <a href="/wiki/Jagat_Gosain" title="Jagat Gosain">Bilqis Makani</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Udai_Singh_of_Marwar" title="Udai Singh of Marwar">Raja Udai Singh of Marwar</a>.</li> <li>Jahandar Mirza (born <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1605</span>) — with a concubine.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahryar_Mirza" title="Shahryar Mirza">Shahryar Mirza</a> (16 January 1605 – 23 January 1628) — with a concubine.</li></ul> <p>Jahangir's daughters were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan-un-Nissa_Begum" title="Sultan-un-Nissa Begum">Sultan-un-nissa Begum</a> (25 April 1586 – 5 September 1646) — with <a href="/wiki/Shah_Begum_(wife_of_Jahangir)" title="Shah Begum (wife of Jahangir)">Shah Begum</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Bhagwant_Das" title="Bhagwant Das">Raja Bhagwant Das</a> of <a href="/wiki/Amer,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Amer, India">Amber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Iffat Banu Begum (born 6 April 1589) — with Malika Shikar Begum, daughter of Said Khan Jagatai Of Kashghar.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Daulat-un-nissa Begum (born 24 December 1589) — with daughter of Raja Darya Malbhas.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahar_Banu_Begum" title="Bahar Banu Begum">Bahar Banu Begum</a> (9 October 1590 – 8 September 1653) — with Karamsi Baighter of Keshav Das of <a href="/wiki/Merta_City" title="Merta City">Merta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Begum Sultan Begum (9 October 1590 - September 1591) — with <a href="/wiki/Jagat_Gosain" title="Jagat Gosain">Bilqis Makani</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Udai_Singh_of_Marwar" title="Udai Singh of Marwar">Raja Udai Singh of Marwar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A daughter (born 21 January 1591) — with <a href="/wiki/Sahib_Jamal" title="Sahib Jamal">Sahib Jamal Begum</a>, daughter of Khwaja Hasan.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A daughter (born 14 October 1594) — with <a href="/wiki/Sahib_Jamal" title="Sahib Jamal">Sahib Jamal Begum</a>, daughter of Khwaja Hasan.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A daughter (born January 1595) — with daughter of Abdullah Khan Baluch.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A daughter (born 28 August 1595) — with <a href="/wiki/Nur-un-Nissa_Begum_(wife_of_Jahangir)" title="Nur-un-Nissa Begum (wife of Jahangir)">Nur-un-Nissa Begum</a>, daughter of Ibrahim Husain Mirza.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzzat-un-Nissa_Begum" title="Luzzat-un-Nissa Begum">Luzzat-un-Nissa Begum</a> (23 September 1597 - 1603) — with <a href="/wiki/Jagat_Gosain" title="Jagat Gosain">Bilqis Makani</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Udai_Singh_of_Marwar" title="Udai Singh of Marwar">Raja Udai Singh of Marwar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:8_Abu%27l_Hasan._Celebrations_at_the_accession_of_Jahangir._Jahangirnama._St._Petersburg_Album._ca._1615-18,_Institute_of_Oriental_Studies,_St._Petersburg..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/8_Abu%27l_Hasan._Celebrations_at_the_accession_of_Jahangir._Jahangirnama._St._Petersburg_Album._ca._1615-18%2C_Institute_of_Oriental_Studies%2C_St._Petersburg..jpg/170px-8_Abu%27l_Hasan._Celebrations_at_the_accession_of_Jahangir._Jahangirnama._St._Petersburg_Album._ca._1615-18%2C_Institute_of_Oriental_Studies%2C_St._Petersburg..jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/8_Abu%27l_Hasan._Celebrations_at_the_accession_of_Jahangir._Jahangirnama._St._Petersburg_Album._ca._1615-18%2C_Institute_of_Oriental_Studies%2C_St._Petersburg..jpg/255px-8_Abu%27l_Hasan._Celebrations_at_the_accession_of_Jahangir._Jahangirnama._St._Petersburg_Album._ca._1615-18%2C_Institute_of_Oriental_Studies%2C_St._Petersburg..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/8_Abu%27l_Hasan._Celebrations_at_the_accession_of_Jahangir._Jahangirnama._St._Petersburg_Album._ca._1615-18%2C_Institute_of_Oriental_Studies%2C_St._Petersburg..jpg/340px-8_Abu%27l_Hasan._Celebrations_at_the_accession_of_Jahangir._Jahangirnama._St._Petersburg_Album._ca._1615-18%2C_Institute_of_Oriental_Studies%2C_St._Petersburg..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1175" data-file-height="2045" /></a><figcaption>Celebrations at the accession of Jahangir in 1600, when <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> was away from the capital on an expedition, Salim organised a coup and declared himself emperor. Akbar had to hastily return to <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a> and restore order.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF.jpg/220px-%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF.jpg/330px-%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF.jpg/440px-%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Commemorative Coin of Jahangir for 6th year of rule; with <a href="/wiki/Lion_and_Sun" title="Lion and Sun">Lion and Sun</a> symbol and Legends in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>. 1611</figcaption></figure> <p>He succeeded the throne on Thursday, 3 November 1605, eight days after his father's death. Salim ascended the throne with the imperial grand title of Nuruddin Muhammad Jahangir Badshah Ghazi and thus began his 22-year reign at the age of 36. </p><p>Soon after, Jahangir had to fend off his son <a href="/wiki/Khusrau_Mirza" title="Khusrau Mirza">Khusrau Mirza</a> when he attempted to claim the throne based on Akbar's will. Khusrau Mirza was defeated in the year 1606 with the support of the <a href="/wiki/Barha_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Barha dynasty">Barha</a> and Bukhari <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">sāda</a> and confined in the fort of <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jahangir was found to be more militarily capable, and he crushed the rebellion in a week. Jahangir had all the young aristocrat supporters of Khusrau tortured, impaled and made him watch them in agony as a warning.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a rebellion the second time, as punishment, Khusrau Mirza was handed over to his younger brother and was partially blinded. </p><p>From the time of his marriage with Mehr-un-Nissa, later known as Empress <a href="/wiki/Nur_Jahan" title="Nur Jahan">Nur Jahan</a>, Jahangir left the reins of government in her hands and appointed her family and relatives to high positions. Nur Jahan had complete freedom of speech near Jahangir without any reprimand. On the contrary, she could nag and fight with him on the smallest issue. Thus, her unprecedented freedom of action to control the state caused the displeasure of both his courtiers and foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1608, Jahangir posted <a href="/wiki/Islam_Khan_I" title="Islam Khan I">Islam Khan I</a> to subdue the rebel <a href="/wiki/Musa_Khan_(Bengal_Ruler)" class="mw-redirect" title="Musa Khan (Bengal Ruler)">Musa Khan</a>, the Masnad-e-Ala<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Baro-Bhuyan" title="Baro-Bhuyan">Baro-Bhuyan confederacy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bpedia_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bpedia-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was able to imprison him.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sen2_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sen2-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1613, Jahangir issued a sanguinary order for the extirpation of the race of the <a href="/wiki/Koli_people" title="Koli people">Kolis</a> who were notorious robbers and plunders living in the most inaccessible parts of the province of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>. A large number of the Koli chiefs were slaughtered and the rest hunted to their mountains and deserts. 169 heads of such Koli chiefs killed in battle by Nur-ul-llah Ibrahim, commander of 'Bollodo'.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year later,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Portuguese seized the Mughal ship <a href="/wiki/Rah%C4%ABm%C4%AB" title="Rahīmī"><i>Rahimi</i></a>, which had set out from Surat on its way with a large cargo of 100,000 rupees and Pilgrims, who were on their way to <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> to attend the annual <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a>. The <i>Rahimi</i> was owned by <a href="/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani">Mariam-uz-Zamani</a>, mother of Jahangir and Akbar's favourite consort.<sup id="cite_ref-farishta_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farishta-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was bestowed the title of 'Mallika-e-Hindustan' (Queen of <a href="/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan">Hindustan</a>) by Akbar and was subsequently referred to as same during Jahangir's reign. The <i>Rahimi</i> was the largest Indian ship sailing in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> and was known to the Europeans as the "great pilgrimage ship". When the Portuguese officially refused to return the ship and the passengers, the outcry at the Mughal court was unusually severe. The outrage was compounded by the fact that the owner and the patron of the ship was none other than the revered mother of the current emperor. Jahangir himself was outraged and ordered the seizure of the Portuguese town <a href="/wiki/Daman,_India" title="Daman, India">Daman</a>. He ordered the apprehension of all Portuguese within the Mughal Empire; he further confiscated churches that belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuits</a>. This episode is considered to be an example of the struggle for wealth that would later ensue and lead to colonisation of the Indian sub-continent. Jahangir then gathered his forces under the command of Ali Kuli Khan and fought Raja Lakshmi Narayan Bhup of the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Cooch_Behar_State" title="Cooch Behar State">Koch Bihar</a> in the far eastern province of <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>. Raja Lakshmi Narayan then accepted the Mughals as his suzerains and was given the title <i>Nazir</i>, later establishing a garrison at Atharokotha. Jahangir was responsible for ending a century-long struggle with the <a href="/wiki/Sisodia_dynasty" title="Sisodia dynasty">Sisodia</a> <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajput</a> house of <a href="/wiki/Mewar" title="Mewar">Mewar</a>. The campaign against them was pushed so extensively that they were made to submit with great loss of life and property.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1614, The <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> persuaded <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James I</a> to send a British ambassador to the Mughal court, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Roe" title="Thomas Roe">Thomas Roe</a>. Thomas Roe describes how petitioners could use the chain of justice to attract the emperor's attention if his decision was not to their satisfaction during <a href="/wiki/Darshan_(Indian_religions)" title="Darshan (Indian religions)">Darshana</a>. The Darshana tradition was adopted by the Mughal Emperors from Hindu religio-political rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-Jahangir_chain_of_Justice_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jahangir_chain_of_Justice-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a royal envoy to the Agra court of Jahangir.<sup id="cite_ref-Anarchy_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anarchy-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roe resided at Agra for three years, until 1619. At the Mughal court, Roe allegedly became a favourite of Jahangir and may have been his drinking partner; he arrived with gifts of "many crates of red wine"<sup id="cite_ref-Anarchy_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anarchy-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup> and explained to him what beer was and how it was made.<sup id="cite_ref-Anarchy_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anarchy-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> The immediate result of the mission was to obtain permission and protection for an East India Company <a href="/wiki/Factory_(trading_post)" title="Factory (trading post)">factory</a> at <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a>. While no major trading privileges were conceded by Jahangir, "Roe's mission was the beginning of a Mughal-Company relationship that would develop into something approaching a partnership and see the "EIC" gradually drawn into the Mughal nexus".<sup id="cite_ref-Anarchy_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anarchy-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 19">: 19 </span></sup> While Roe's detailed journals<sup id="cite_ref-Roe_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roe-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a valuable source of information on Jahangir's reign, the Emperor did not return the favour, with no mention of Roe in his voluminous diaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Anarchy_58-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anarchy-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 19">: 19 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jahangir_-_Abu_al-Hasan.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Jahangir_-_Abu_al-Hasan.jpeg/220px-Jahangir_-_Abu_al-Hasan.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Jahangir_-_Abu_al-Hasan.jpeg/330px-Jahangir_-_Abu_al-Hasan.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Jahangir_-_Abu_al-Hasan.jpeg/440px-Jahangir_-_Abu_al-Hasan.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3649" /></a><figcaption>Jahangir by <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Hasan_(artist)" title="Abu'l-Hasan (artist)">Abu al-Hasan</a> c.1617</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1615, Jahangir captured <a href="/wiki/Kangra_Fort" title="Kangra Fort">Kangra Fort</a>, whose Katoch rulers came under Mughal vassalship during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>. Consequently, a siege was laid and the fort was taken in 1620, which "resulted in the submission of the Raja of <a href="/wiki/Chamba,_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Chamba, Himachal Pradesh">Chamba</a> who was the greatest of all the rajas in the region." The district of <a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_district" title="Kishtwar district">Kishtwar</a>, in the vast province of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, was also conquered the same year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In October 1616, Jahangir sent Prince Khurram to fight against the combined forces of three rebel kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar" title="Ahmednagar">Ahmednagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bijapur" title="Bijapur">Bijapur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golconda" title="Golconda">Golconda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lal_(2018)_p126_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lal_(2018)_p126-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jahangir considered his third son, Khurram (regnal name <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>) as his favourite son. </p><p>In 1621 of February, However, when Nur Jahan married her daughter, <a href="/wiki/Mihr-un-nissa_Begum" title="Mihr-un-nissa Begum">Mihr-un-nissa Begum</a>, to Jahangir's youngest son, <a href="/wiki/Shahryar_Mirza" title="Shahryar Mirza">Shahryar Mirza</a>, Khurram suspected that his stepmother was trying to maneuver Shahryar as the successor to Jahangir. Using the rugged terrain of Deccan to his advantage, Khurram launched a rebellion against Jahangir in 1622. This precipitated a political crisis in Jahangir's court. Khurram murdered his blind older brother, Khusrau Mirza, to smooth his path to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-Findly1993_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findly1993-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simultaneously, the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Abbas_the_Great" title="Abbas the Great">Abbas the Great</a> attacked <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> in the winter of 1622. Since it was both a commercial center at the border of the Mughal Empire and the burial place of <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a>, the founder of the Mughal Empire, Jahangir dispatched Prince Shahryar to repel the Safavids. However, due to Shahryar's inexperience and harsh Afghan winter, <a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Safavid_War_(1622%E2%80%931623)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal–Safavid War (1622–1623)">Kandahar fell to the Safavids</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shah_%CA%BFAbbas_I_receiving_Khan_%CA%BF%C3%81lam,_ambassador_from_Jah%C3%A1ng%C3%ADr_in_1617.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shah_%CA%BFAbbas_I_receiving_Khan_%CA%BF%C3%81lam%2C_ambassador_from_Jah%C3%A1ng%C3%ADr_in_1617.jpg/220px-Shah_%CA%BFAbbas_I_receiving_Khan_%CA%BF%C3%81lam%2C_ambassador_from_Jah%C3%A1ng%C3%ADr_in_1617.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shah_%CA%BFAbbas_I_receiving_Khan_%CA%BF%C3%81lam%2C_ambassador_from_Jah%C3%A1ng%C3%ADr_in_1617.jpg/330px-Shah_%CA%BFAbbas_I_receiving_Khan_%CA%BF%C3%81lam%2C_ambassador_from_Jah%C3%A1ng%C3%ADr_in_1617.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shah_%CA%BFAbbas_I_receiving_Khan_%CA%BF%C3%81lam%2C_ambassador_from_Jah%C3%A1ng%C3%ADr_in_1617.jpg/440px-Shah_%CA%BFAbbas_I_receiving_Khan_%CA%BF%C3%81lam%2C_ambassador_from_Jah%C3%A1ng%C3%ADr_in_1617.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3572" data-file-height="5924" /></a><figcaption>Shah Abbas I receiving Khan Alam, ambassador from Jahangir in 1617</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1623, Emperor Jahangir sent his <i><a href="/wiki/Tehsildar" title="Tehsildar">tehsildar</a></i>, Khan Alam, to Safavid <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, accompanied by 800 sepoys, scribes and scholars, along with ten <a href="/wiki/Howdah" title="Howdah">howdahs</a> well decorated in gold and silver, to negotiate peace with Emperor Abbas after a brief conflict in the region around Kandahar.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Khan Alam soon returned with valuable gifts and groups of <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_hunt_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Master of the hunt (disambiguation)">masters of the hunt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">میر شکار</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">mir shikār</i></span>) from both Safavid Iran and the <a href="/wiki/Khanate" title="Khanate">Khanates</a> of Central Asia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On March, Jahangir ordered <a href="/wiki/Mahabat_Khan" title="Mahabat Khan">Mahabat Khan</a>, one of Jahangir's most loyal high generals, to crush Khurram's rebellion in the <a href="/wiki/Deccan" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan">Deccan</a>. After a series of victories by Mahabat Khan over Khurram, the civil war finally ended in October 1625.<sup id="cite_ref-Lal_(2018)_p126_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lal_(2018)_p126-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brit_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1626, Jahangir began to contemplate an alliance between the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, the Mughals, and the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Bukhara" title="Khanate of Bukhara">Khanate of Bukhara</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a> against the Safavids, who had defeated the Mughals at <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mughal-Ottoman_Relations_A_Study_of_Political_&_Diplomatic_Relations_Between_Mughal_India_and_the_Ottoman_Empire,_1556-1748;_Naimur_Rahman_Farooqi_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mughal-Ottoman_Relations_A_Study_of_Political_&_Diplomatic_Relations_Between_Mughal_India_and_the_Ottoman_Empire,_1556-1748;_Naimur_Rahman_Farooqi-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He even wrote a letter to the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murad_IV" title="Murad IV">Murad IV</a>. Jahangir's ambition did not materialise due to his death in 1627. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Jahangir_and_gardens_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tomb_of_Jahangir_and_gardens_3.jpg/250px-Tomb_of_Jahangir_and_gardens_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tomb_of_Jahangir_and_gardens_3.jpg/375px-Tomb_of_Jahangir_and_gardens_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tomb_of_Jahangir_and_gardens_3.jpg/500px-Tomb_of_Jahangir_and_gardens_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jahangir" title="Tomb of Jahangir">Tomb of Jahangir</a> in Shahdara, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A lifelong user of opium and wine, Jahangir was frequently ill in the 1620s. Jahangir was trying to restore his health by visiting Kashmir and Kabul. He went from Kabul to Kashmir but decided to return to <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> because of a severe cold. </p><p>In 1627 on 29 October, during the journey from Kashmir to Lahore, Jahangir died near <a href="/wiki/Bhimber" title="Bhimber">Bhimber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allan_1934_p._398_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allan_1934_p._398-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To embalm and preserve his body, the entrails were removed; these were buried inside <a href="/wiki/Baghsar_Fort" title="Baghsar Fort">Baghsar Fort</a> near Bhimber in Kashmir. The body was then conveyed by palanquin to Lahore and was buried in <a href="/wiki/Shahdara_Bagh" title="Shahdara Bagh">Shahdara Bagh</a>, a suburb of that city. His son, Shah Jahan, commissioned his <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jahangir" title="Tomb of Jahangir">tomb</a> and is today a popular tourist attraction site.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Jahangir's death launched a minor succession crisis. While Nur Jahan desired her son-in-law, Shahryar Mirza, to take the throne, her brother <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Hasan_Asaf_Khan" title="Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan">Abu'l-Hassan Asaf Khan</a> was corresponding with his son-in-law, Prince Khurram to take over the throne. To counter Nur Jahan, Abu'l Hassan put <a href="/wiki/Dawar_Bakhsh" title="Dawar Bakhsh">Dawar Bakhsh</a> as the puppet ruler and confined Nur Jahan in the Shahdara. Upon his arrival in Agra in February 1628, Prince Khurram executed both Shahryar and Dawar and took the regnal name <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> (Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jahangir was famous for his "Chain of Justice". In contemporary paintings, it has been shown as a golden chain with golden bells. In his memoir <i><a href="/wiki/Tuzk-e-Jahangiri" title="Tuzk-e-Jahangiri">Tuzk-e-Jahangiri</a></i>, he wrote that he ordered the creation of this chain for his subjects to appeal to the emperor if they were denied justice at any level.<sup id="cite_ref-Jahangir_chain_of_Justice_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jahangir_chain_of_Justice-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jahangir also took interest in public health and medicine. After his accession, he passed twelve orders, of which at least two were related to this area. The fifth order forbade the manufacturing and sale of rice spirit and any kind of intoxicating drugs, and the tenth order was instrumental in laying the foundation of free hospitals and appointment of physicians in all the cities of his empire.<sup id="cite_ref-Chattopadhyay_1995_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chattopadhyay_1995-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_view">Religious view</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religious view"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jahangir_with_sufi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jahangir_with_sufi.jpg/150px-Jahangir_with_sufi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jahangir_with_sufi.jpg/225px-Jahangir_with_sufi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jahangir_with_sufi.jpg/300px-Jahangir_with_sufi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1155" /></a><figcaption> A <a href="/wiki/Mughal_miniature" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal miniature">Mughal miniature</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bichitr" title="Bichitr">Bichitr</a> dated from the early 1620s depicting the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperor">Mughal emperor</a> <i>Jahangir</i> <a href="/wiki/Jahangir_preferring_a_Sufi_shaikh_to_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahangir preferring a Sufi shaikh to kings">preferring an audience</a> with Sufi <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> to his contemporaries, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Sultan">Ottoman Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_I" title="Ahmed I">Ahmed I</a> and the <a href="/wiki/King_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King of England">King of England</a> <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a> (d. 1625); the picture is inscribed in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: "Though outwardly shahs stand before him, he fixes his gazes on dervishes."</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Emperor_Jahangir_Praying.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Portrait_of_Emperor_Jahangir_Praying.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_Emperor_Jahangir_Praying.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Portrait_of_Emperor_Jahangir_Praying.jpg/255px-Portrait_of_Emperor_Jahangir_Praying.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Portrait_of_Emperor_Jahangir_Praying.jpg/340px-Portrait_of_Emperor_Jahangir_Praying.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1370" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Mughal Emperor Jahangir making <a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Dua</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/M._Athar_Ali" title="M. Athar Ali">M. Athar Ali</a>, Jahangir generally continued the religious policy of Akbar and had a major interest in <a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">pantheism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the start of his regime, many staunch Sunnis were hopeful, because he seemed less tolerant of other faiths than his father had been. At the time of his accession and the elimination of Abu'l Fazl, his father's chief minister and the architect of his eclectic religious stance, a powerful group of orthodox noblemen had gained increased power in the Mughal court. This included nobles especially like <a href="/wiki/Shaikh_Farid_Bukhari" title="Shaikh Farid Bukhari">Shaykh Farid</a>, Jahangir's trusted <a href="/wiki/Mir_Bakhshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mir Bakhshi">Mir Bakhshi</a>, who held firmly the citadel of orthodoxy in Muslim India.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another influence for Jahangir changed his religious policies was due to the action of <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a>, who routinely attend the court debates to counteract some religious beliefs and doctrines which prevalent in the court.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the process, it is recorded from these correspondence which compiled in 1617, that Farid Murtaza Khan took Ahmad Sirhindi advices regarding this matter.<sup id="cite_ref-pol_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pol-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (March 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> His efforts influenced <a href="/wiki/Abul_Fazl" title="Abul Fazl">Abul Fazl</a>, protegee of emperor Akbar, to support Ahmad Sirhindi in effort to convince Jahangir to reverse the policies of Akbar of tolerating Hindus in Mughal court.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Mughal_Empire_Part_1,_Volume_5;_John_F._Richards;_1993_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Mughal_Empire_Part_1,_Volume_5;_John_F._Richards;_1993-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yohanan_Friedmann" title="Yohanan Friedmann">Yohanan Friedmann</a> has noted that according to many modern historians and thinkers, the puritanical though of Ahmad Sirhindi has inspired the religious orthodoxy of emperor <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Princeton_Encyclopedia_of_Islamic_Political_Thought;_Gerhard_Bowering,_Mahan_Mirza,_Patricia_Crone_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Princeton_Encyclopedia_of_Islamic_Political_Thought;_Gerhard_Bowering,_Mahan_Mirza,_Patricia_Crone-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 162–163">: 162–163 </span></sup> This was noted by how Ahmad Sirhindi manage to influence the successor of emperor Akbar, starting from Jahangir, into reversing Akbar policies such as lifting marriage age limits, mosque abolishments, and <i><a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">Hijra</a></i> methodology revival which abandoned by his father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalikZubairParveen2016158–161_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikZubairParveen2016158–161-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is noted by historians that this influence has been significantly recorded during the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Kangra_district" title="Kangra district">Kangra</a> under Jahangir, that at the presence of Ahmad Sirhindi who observed the campaign, the Mughal forces had the Idols broken, a cow slaughtered, <a href="/wiki/Khutbah" title="Khutbah">Khutbah</a> sermon read, and other Islamic rituals performed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalikZubairParveen2016159–161_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikZubairParveen2016159–161-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further mark of Jahangir departure from Akbar secular policy were recorded Terry, a traveller, who came and observed India region between 1616 and 1619, where he found the mosques full of worshippers, the exaltation of Quran and Hadith practical teaching, and the complete observance of <a href="/wiki/Fasting_during_Ramadan" title="Fasting during Ramadan">Fasting during Ramadan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalikZubairParveen2016159–161_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikZubairParveen2016159–161-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jahangir issued bans on cowslaugher and animal slaughter on certain days of the week in continuance of his father's policy. According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Dabistan-i_Mazahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabistan-i Mazahib">Dabistan-i Mazahib</a></i> he appointed Srikant of Kashmir to be qazi of the Hindus so that they would have their own judicial representative. He also continued his father's policy of patronizing Brahmins and temples. Notably he issued several grants to the <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" title="Gaudiya Vaishnavism">Chaitanya sect</a> for their temples in <a href="/wiki/Vrindavan" title="Vrindavan">Vrindavan</a>, but also made negative comments about their temples. He, like his father, dissaproved of reincarnation and idol worship and ordered the boar image to be removed from Rana Shankar's temple at <a href="/wiki/Pushkar" title="Pushkar">Pushkar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAli1990294–295_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAli1990294–295-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most notorious was the execution of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan_Dev" class="mw-redirect" title="Guru Arjan Dev">Guru Arjan Dev</a> on Jahangir's orders. His lands were confiscated and his sons imprisoned as Jahangir suspected him of helping Khusrau's rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear whether Jahangir even understood what a Sikh was, referring to Guru Arjan as a Hindu, who had "captured many of the simple-hearted of the Hindus and even of the ignorant and foolish followers of Islam, by his ways and manners... for three or four generations (of spiritual successors) they had kept this shop warm." The trigger for Guru Arjan's execution was his support for Jahangir's rebel son <a href="/wiki/Khusrau_Mirza" title="Khusrau Mirza">Khusrau Mirza</a>, yet it is clear from Jahangir's own memoirs that he disliked Guru Arjan before then: "many times it occurred to me to put a stop to this vain affair or bring him into the assembly of the people of Islam."<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guru Arjan's successor Guru Hargobind was imprisoned for sometime but released soon. He developed friendly relations with Jahangir and accompanied him on his journey to Kashmir just before the latter's death.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Jahangir's memoirs, he issued a farman banning Jain seorahs (monks) due to alleged scandalous behavior. However, the ban was quickly rescinded but Jahangir neglected to mention that in his memoirs. There is a wide variety of evidence that Jahangir had good relations with Jains and Jain sources themselves extol him. According to Ali, Jahangir wrote his memoirs with his intended audience of Persian-speaking Muslims in mind and sought to portray himself as an anti-idolatry sultan and thus "modified" facts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAli1990292–293_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAli1990292–293-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jahangir's memoirs also omit the fact that three of his nephews at one point converted to Christianity with his permission, although they would later reverse their decision.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAli1990293–294_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAli1990293–294-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He issued 'Jahangiri coins' which had his own portrait. He even issued the zodiac series of gold and silver coins which had images of zodiac symbols alongside the radiating sun in the background, due to his faith in astrology. The sign of the zodiac was substituted for the month in which the coin was minted. All of this was considered haram by the ulema due to which his successor Shahjahan ordered all those coins melted, accounting for their extreme rarity now.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Eaton" title="Richard M. Eaton">Richard M Eaton</a>, Emperor Jahangir issued many edicts admonishing his nobles not to convert the religion of anybody by force, but the issuance of such orders also suggests that such conversions must have occurred during his rule in some measure. He continued the Mughals tradition of being scrupulously secular in outlook. Stability, loyalty, and revenue were the main focus, not the religious change among their subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jahangir_inscription_on_the_Allahabad_pillar_of_Ashoka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jahangir_inscription_on_the_Allahabad_pillar_of_Ashoka.jpg/220px-Jahangir_inscription_on_the_Allahabad_pillar_of_Ashoka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jahangir_inscription_on_the_Allahabad_pillar_of_Ashoka.jpg/330px-Jahangir_inscription_on_the_Allahabad_pillar_of_Ashoka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jahangir_inscription_on_the_Allahabad_pillar_of_Ashoka.jpg/440px-Jahangir_inscription_on_the_Allahabad_pillar_of_Ashoka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption>Jahangir's inscription on the <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Pillar" title="Allahabad Pillar">Allahabad Pillar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RT_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RT-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Jahangir was fascinated with art and architecture. In his autobiography, the <a href="/wiki/Jahangir-nama" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahangir-nama">Jahangirnama</a>, Jahangir recorded events that occurred during his reign, descriptions of flora and fauna that he encountered, and other aspects of daily life, and commissioned court painters such as <a href="/wiki/Ustad_Mansur" title="Ustad Mansur">Ustad Mansur</a> to paint detailed pieces that would accompany his vivid prose.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in 1619, he put pen to paper in awe of a royal falcon delivered to his court from the ruler of Iran: "What can I write of the beauty of this bird's colour? It had black markings, and every feather on its wings, back, and sides was extremely beautiful," and then recorded his command that Ustad Mansur paint a portrait of it after it perished.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/Nadiri" title="Nadiri">Nadiri</a>" was a type of exclusive clothing designed by Jahangir, reserved for his personal use and esteemed courtiers.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jahangir bound and displayed much of the art that he commissioned in elaborate albums of hundreds of images, sometimes organized around a theme such as zoology.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Jahangir himself was far from modest in his autobiography when he stated his prowess at being able to determine the artist of any portrait by simply looking at a painting. As he said: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...my liking for painting and my practice in judging it have arrived at such point when any work is brought before me, either of deceased artists or of those of the present day, without the names being told me, I say on the spur of the moment that is the work of such and such a man. And if there is a picture containing many portraits and each face is the work of a different master, I can discover which face is the work of each of them. If any other person has put in the eye and eyebrow of a face, I can perceive whose work the original face is and who has painted the eye and eyebrow.</p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jahangirs_huqqa_close_national_museum_india.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jahangirs_huqqa_close_national_museum_india.JPG/220px-Jahangirs_huqqa_close_national_museum_india.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jahangirs_huqqa_close_national_museum_india.JPG/330px-Jahangirs_huqqa_close_national_museum_india.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jahangirs_huqqa_close_national_museum_india.JPG/440px-Jahangirs_huqqa_close_national_museum_india.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Jahangir's Jade <i><a href="/wiki/Hookah" title="Hookah">hookah</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum,_New_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum, New Delhi">National Museum, New Delhi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Jahangir took his connoisseurship of art very seriously. He also preserved paintings from Emperor Akbar's period. An excellent example of this is the painting done by <a href="/wiki/Ustad_Mansur" title="Ustad Mansur">Ustad Mansur</a> of Musician <a href="/wiki/Naubat_Khan" title="Naubat Khan">Naubat Khan</a>, son-in-law of legendary <a href="/wiki/Tansen" title="Tansen">Tansen</a>. In addition to their aesthetic qualities, paintings created under his reign were closely catalogued, dated and even signed, providing scholars with fairly accurate ideas as to when and in what context many of the pieces were created. </p><p>In the foreword to <a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Thackston" title="Wheeler Thackston">W. M. Thackston</a>'s translation of the Jahangirnama, <a href="/wiki/Milo_C._Beach" title="Milo C. Beach">Milo Cleveland Beach</a> explains that Jahangir ruled during a time of considerably stable political control, and had the opportunity to order artists to create art to accompany his memoirs that were "in response to the emperor's current enthusiasms".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He used his wealth and his luxury of free time to chronicle, in detail, the lush natural world that the Mughal Empire encompassed. At times, he would have artists travel with him for this purpose; when Jahangir was in Rahimabad, he had his painters on hand to capture the appearance of a specific tiger that he shot and killed because he found it to be particularly beautiful.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He had his artist <a href="/wiki/Govardhan_(artist)" title="Govardhan (artist)">Govardhan</a> travel to Prayagraj(Allahabad) to paint sadhus. This resulted in the earliest set of images depicting sadhus in all yogic positions.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jesuits had brought with them various books, engravings, and paintings and, when they saw the delight Akbar held for them, sent for more and more of the same to be given to the Mughals. They felt the Mughals were on the "verge of conversion", a notion which proved to be very false. Instead, both Akbar and Jahangir studied this artwork very closely and replicated and adapted it, adopting much of the early iconographic features and later the pictorial realism for which <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> art was known. Jahangir was notable for his pride in the ability of his court painters. A classic example of this is described in <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Roe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Thomas Roe">Sir Thomas Roe</a>'s diaries, in which the Emperor had his painters copy a European miniature several times creating a total of five miniatures. Jahangir then challenged Roe to pick out the original from the copies, a feat Sir Thomas Roe could not do, to the delight of Jahangir.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Jahangir was also revolutionary in his adaptation of European styles. A collection at the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> in London contains seventy-four drawings of Indian portraits dating from the time of Jahangir, including a portrait of the emperor himself. These portraits are a unique example of art during Jahangir's reign because faces were not drawn in full, including the shoulders as well as the head as these drawings are.<i></i> <sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jahangir is widely considered to have been a weak and incapable ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orientalist <a href="/wiki/Henry_Beveridge_(orientalist)" title="Henry Beveridge (orientalist)">Henry Beveridge</a> (editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Tuzk-e-Jahangiri" title="Tuzk-e-Jahangiri">Tuzk-e-Jahangiri</a></i>) compares Jahangir to the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>, for both were "weak men... in their wrong places as rulers... [and had] Jahangir been head of a Natural History Museum,... [he] would have been [a] better and happier man."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1993311_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993311-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further he notes, "He made no addition to the imperial territories, but on the contrary, diminished them by losing Qandahar to the Persians. But possibly his peaceful temper, or his laziness, was an advantage, for it saved much bloodshed. His greatest fault as a king was his subservience to his wife, Nur-Jahan, and the consequent quarrel with his son, Shah Jahan, who was the ablest and best of his male children".<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Hawkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Hawkins">Sir William Hawkins</a>, who visited Jahangir's court in 1609, said: "In such short that what this man's father, called Ecber Padasha [Badshah Akbar], got of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccans</a>, this king, Selim Sha [Jahangir] beginneth to lose."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1993311_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993311-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian writer and traveller, <a href="/wiki/Niccolao_Manucci" title="Niccolao Manucci">Niccolao Manucci</a>, who worked under Jahangir's grandson, <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a>, began his discussion of Jahangir by saying: "It is a truth tested by experience that sons dissipate what their fathers gained in the sweat of their brow."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1993311_96-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993311-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/John_F._Richards" title="John F. Richards">John F. Richards</a>, Jahangir's frequent withdrawal to a private sphere of life was partly reflective of his indolence, brought on by his addiction to a considerable daily dosage of wine and opium.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Salim_(the_future_Jahangir)_and_his_legendary_illicit_love.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Prince_Salim_%28the_future_Jahangir%29_and_his_legendary_illicit_love.jpg/250px-Prince_Salim_%28the_future_Jahangir%29_and_his_legendary_illicit_love.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Prince_Salim_%28the_future_Jahangir%29_and_his_legendary_illicit_love.jpg/375px-Prince_Salim_%28the_future_Jahangir%29_and_his_legendary_illicit_love.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Prince_Salim_%28the_future_Jahangir%29_and_his_legendary_illicit_love.jpg/500px-Prince_Salim_%28the_future_Jahangir%29_and_his_legendary_illicit_love.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Jahangir and <a href="/wiki/Anarkali" title="Anarkali">Anarkali</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films_and_television">Films and television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Films and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the 1939 Hindi film <i><a href="/wiki/Pukar_(1939_film)" title="Pukar (1939 film)">Pukar</a></i>, Jehangir was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Mohan_(1905%E2%80%931949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandra Mohan (1905–1949)">Chandra Mohan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 1953 Hindi film <i><a href="/wiki/Anarkali_(1953_film)" title="Anarkali (1953 film)">Anarkali</a></i>, he was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Pradeep_Kumar" title="Pradeep Kumar">Pradeep Kumar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 1955 Hindi film <i><a href="/wiki/Adil-E-Jahangir" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil-E-Jahangir">Adil-E-Jahangir</a></i>, he was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/D._K._Sapru" title="D. K. Sapru">D. K. Sapru</a>.</li> <li>In the 1955 Telugu film <i><a href="/wiki/Anarkali_(1955_film)" title="Anarkali (1955 film)">Anarkali</a></i>, he was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Akkineni_Nageswara_Rao" title="Akkineni Nageswara Rao">ANR</a>.</li> <li>In the 1958 Urdu film <i><a href="/wiki/Anarkali_(1958_film)" title="Anarkali (1958 film)">Anarkali</a></i>, he was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Sudhir_(Pakistani_actor)" title="Sudhir (Pakistani actor)">Sudhir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 1960 Hindi film <i><a href="/wiki/Mughal-e-Azam" title="Mughal-e-Azam">Mughal-e-Azam</a></i>, he was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Dilip_Kumar" title="Dilip Kumar">Dilip Kumar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jalal_Agha" title="Jalal Agha">Jalal Agha</a> also played the younger Jahangir at the start of the film.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 1966 Malayalam film <i><a href="/wiki/Anarkali_(1966_film)" title="Anarkali (1966 film)">Anarkali</a></i>, he was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Prem_Nazir" title="Prem Nazir">Prem Nazir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 1979 Telugu film <i><a href="/wiki/Akbar_Salim_Anarkali" title="Akbar Salim Anarkali">Akbar Salim Anarkali</a></i>, he was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Nandamuri_Balakrishna" title="Nandamuri Balakrishna">Balakrishna</a>.</li> <li>In the 1988 <a href="/wiki/Shyam_Benegal" title="Shyam Benegal">Shyam Benegal</a>'s TV Series <i><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ek_Khoj" title="Bharat Ek Khoj">Bharat Ek Khoj</a></i>, he was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Arora" title="Vijay Arora">Vijay Arora</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jahangirer_Swarnamudra" title="Jahangirer Swarnamudra">Jahangirer Swarnamudra</a></i> is a detective story about a missing <a href="/wiki/Mohur" title="Mohur">gold coin</a> of Jahangir written by Indian filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a>, starring his famous character <a href="/wiki/Feluda" title="Feluda">Feluda</a>. It was adapted as a television film in 1998.</li> <li>In the 2000 TV series <a href="/wiki/Noorjahan_(TV_Series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Noorjahan (TV Series)"><i>Noorjahan</i></a>, he was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Milind_Soman" title="Milind Soman">Milnd Soman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Ekta_Kapoor" title="Ekta Kapoor">Ekta Kapoor</a>'s TV Series <i><a href="/wiki/Jodha_Akbar" title="Jodha Akbar">Jodha Akbar</a></i>, he was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Bhatia" title="Ravi Bhatia">Ravi Bhatia</a>. Ayaan Zubair Rahmani also played young Salim initially.</li> <li>In the 2014 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indu_Sudaresan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indu Sudaresan (page does not exist)">Indu Sudaresan</a>'s TV Series <i><a href="/wiki/Siyaasat" title="Siyaasat">Siyaasat</a></i>, he was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Karanvir_Sharma" title="Karanvir Sharma">Karanvir Sharma</a> and Later <a href="/wiki/Sudhanshu_Pandey" title="Sudhanshu Pandey">Sudhanshu Pandey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 2014 Indian television sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/Har_Mushkil_Ka_Hal_Akbar_Birbal" title="Har Mushkil Ka Hal Akbar Birbal">Har Mushkil Ka Hal Akbar Birbal</a></i>, Pawan Singh portrayed the role of prince Salim.</li> <li>In the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Colors_TV" title="Colors TV">Colors TV</a> series <a href="/wiki/Dastaan-E-Mohabbat_Salim_Anarkali" title="Dastaan-E-Mohabbat Salim Anarkali">Dastaan-E-Mohabbat Salim Anarkali</a>, he is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Shaheer_Sheikh" title="Shaheer Sheikh">Shaheer Sheikh</a>.</li> <li>In the 2023 <a href="/wiki/ZEE5" title="ZEE5">ZEE5's</a> web series <a href="/wiki/Taj:_Divided_by_Blood" title="Taj: Divided by Blood">Taj: Divided by Blood</a>, he is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Aashim_Gulati" title="Aashim Gulati">Aashim Gulati</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jahangir is a principal character in Indu Sundaresan's award-winning historical novel <i>The Twentieth Wife</i> (2002)<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as in its sequel <i>The Feast of Roses</i> (2003).<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jahangir is a principal character in Alex Rutherford's novel <i>Ruler of the World</i> (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as in its sequel <i>The Tainted Throne</i> (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the series <i><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_the_Moghul" title="Empire of the Moghul">Empire of the Moghul</a></i>.</li> <li>Jahangir is a character in novel Nur Jahan's Daughter (2005) written by Tanushree Poddar.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jahangir is a character in the novel <i>Beloved Empress Mumtaz Mahal: A Historical Novel</i> by Nina Consuelo Epton.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jahangir is a principal character in the novel <i>Nurjahan: A historical novel</i> by Jyoti Jafa.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jahangir is a character in the novel <i>Taj, a Story of Mughal India</i> by Timeri Murari.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuzk-e-Jahangiri" title="Tuzk-e-Jahangiri">Jahangirnama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiran_Minar" title="Hiran Minar">Hiran Minar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhupur,_Badaun" title="Sheikhupur, Badaun">Sheikhupur, Badaun</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appendix">Appendix</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Appendix"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Beveridge, <i>Akbarnama of Abu'l Fazl Volume II</i> (1907), p. 503</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEmperor_of_India1999" class="citation book cs1">Emperor of India, Jahangir (1999). <i>The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India</i>. Translated by Thackston, W. M. Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8"><bdi>978-0-19-512718-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jahangirnama%3A+memoirs+of+Jahangir%2C+Emperor+of+India&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Washington%2C+D.+C.%3A+Freer+Gallery+of+Art%2C+Arthur+M.+Sackler+Gallery%2C+Smithsonian+Institution%3B+New+York%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512718-8&rft.aulast=Emperor+of+India&rft.aufirst=Jahangir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrimizi1989" class="citation book cs1">Trimizi, S. A. I. (1989). <i>Mughal Documents</i>. Manohar. p. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mughal+Documents&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Manohar&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Trimizi&rft.aufirst=S.+A.+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar1952" class="citation book cs1">Sarkar, Jadunath (1952). <i>Mughal Administration</i>. M. C. Sarkar. pp. <span class="nowrap">156–</span>57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mughal+Administration&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E156-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.pub=M.+C.+Sarkar&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=Jadunath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Q-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Q_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Q_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Q_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Q_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1975" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Sir William (1975). <i>Early travels in India, 1583-1619</i>. AMS Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">100–</span>101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-404-54825-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-404-54825-4"><bdi>978-0-404-54825-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+travels+in+India%2C+1583-1619&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E100-%3C%2Fspan%3E101&rft.pub=AMS+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-404-54825-4&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Sir+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew J. Newman, <i>Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam 632 to 1722</i> (Edinburgh University Press, 2013), online version: p. 48: "Jahangir [was] ... a Sunni."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John F. Richards, <i>The Mughal Empire</i> (Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh14-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Singh14_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinghFenech2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pashaura_Singh_(Sikh_scholar)" title="Pashaura Singh (Sikh scholar)">Singh, Pashaura</a>; Fenech, Louis E., eds. (2014). <i>The Oxford handbook of Sikh studies</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 647. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969930-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969930-8"><bdi>978-0-19-969930-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+handbook+of+Sikh+studies&rft.pages=647&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-969930-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica.com-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jahangir">"Jahangir | Ruler, Biography, Administration, & Achievements"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 19 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180724183907/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jahangir">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Jahangir+%7C+Ruler%2C+Biography%2C+Administration%2C+%26+Achievements&rft.date=2023-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJahangir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brit-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jahangir">"Jahāngīr"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180724183907/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jahangir">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Jah%C4%81ng%C4%ABr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJahangir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-u9tAAAAMAAJ"><i>Journal of Historical Research</i></a>. 1983. p. 80. <q>Jahangir became the Emperor of Hindustan. However, Jahangir could not place absolute reliance on the old nobility</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+Historical+Research&rft.pages=80&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-u9tAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVersha_Gupta2018" class="citation book cs1">Versha Gupta (27 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aBVnDwAAQBAJ"><i>Botanical Culture of Mughal India</i></a>. Partridge. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5437-0336-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5437-0336-8"><bdi>978-1-5437-0336-8</bdi></a>. <q>Kashmir was Jahangir's first love always. First time he visited along Kashmir with his father in 1589. He had scholarly instinct and love of nature. After he became the emperor of Hindustan, he visited the happy valley for a number of times for enjoying the cool and refreshing air of the valley</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Botanical+Culture+of+Mughal+India&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Partridge&rft.date=2018-07-27&rft.isbn=978-1-5437-0336-8&rft.au=Versha+Gupta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaBVnDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tuzk-e-jahangiri-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tuzk-e-jahangiri_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tuzk-e-jahangiri_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahangir1909–1914" class="citation book cs1">Jahangir (1909–1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012916/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D11001080%26ct%3D0"><i>The Tūzuk-i-Jahangīrī Or Memoirs Of Jahāngīr</i></a>. Translated by Alexander Rogers; Henry Beveridge. London: Royal Asiatic Society. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D11001080%26ct%3D0">the original</a> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+T%C5%ABzuk-i-Jahang%C4%ABr%C4%AB+Or+Memoirs+Of+Jah%C4%81ng%C4%ABr&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.date=1909%2F1914&rft.au=Jahangir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpersian.packhum.org%2Fpersian%2Fmain%3Furl%3Dpf%253Ffile%253D11001080%2526ct%253D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-farishta-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-farishta_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-farishta_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindu_Shah" class="citation book cs1">Hindu Shah, Muhammad Qasim. <i>Gulshan-I-Ibrahimi</i>. p. 223.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gulshan-I-Ibrahimi&rft.pages=223&rft.aulast=Hindu+Shah&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Qasim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLal1980" class="citation book cs1">Lal, Muni (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Akbar/page/n142/mode/1up"><i>Akbar</i></a>. Vikas Publishing House. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7069-1076-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7069-1076-6"><bdi>978-0-7069-1076-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbar&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Vikas+Publishing+House&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-7069-1076-6&rft.aulast=Lal&rft.aufirst=Muni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAkbar%2Fpage%2Fn142%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForeign_Department_Of_India1905" class="citation book cs1">Foreign Department Of India (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35314"><i>References In The Press To The Visit Of Their Royal Highnesses, The Prince And Princess Of Wales To India, 1905-06</i></a>. p. 421.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=References+In+The+Press+To+The+Visit+Of+Their+Royal+Highnesses%2C+The+Prince+And+Princess+Of+Wales+To+India%2C+1905-06&rft.pages=421&rft.date=1905&rft.au=Foreign+Department+Of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.35314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHavell1918" class="citation book cs1">Havell, E. B. (Ernest Binfield) (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/historyofaryanru00have"><i>The history of Aryan rule in India from the earliest times to the death of Akbar</i></a>. The Library of Congress. New York, Frederick A. Stokes company. p. 469.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Aryan+rule+in+India+from+the+earliest+times+to+the+death+of+Akbar&rft.pages=469&rft.pub=New+York%2C+Frederick+A.+Stokes+company&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Havell&rft.aufirst=E.+B.+%28Ernest+Binfield%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofaryanru00have&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHavell_EB1912" class="citation book cs1">Havell EB (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/pli.kerala.rare.9313"><i>A Handbook to Agra and the Taj Sikandra, Fatehpur-Sikri and the Neighbourhood</i></a>. Kerala State Library. Longmans, Green & Co, London. p. 107.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+to+Agra+and+the+Taj+Sikandra%2C+Fatehpur-Sikri+and+the+Neighbourhood.&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+%26+Co%2C+London&rft.date=1912&rft.au=Havell+EB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpli.kerala.rare.9313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchimmel2004" class="citation book cs1">Schimmel, Annemarie (2004). <i>The empire of the great Mughals: history, art and culture</i>. Corinne Attwood, Burzine K. Waghmar, Francis Robinson. London: Reaktion Books. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86189-185-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-86189-185-7"><bdi>1-86189-185-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61751123">61751123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+empire+of+the+great+Mughals%3A+history%2C+art+and+culture&rft.place=London&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F61751123&rft.isbn=1-86189-185-7&rft.aulast=Schimmel&rft.aufirst=Annemarie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1995" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Della (1995). <i>The 9th edition of the concise oxford Dictionary of English</i>. Vol. 7. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+9th+edition+of+the+concise+oxford+Dictionary+of+English&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Della&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad1964" class="citation book cs1">Ahmad, Aziz (1964). <i>Studies of Islamic culture in the Indian Environment</i>. Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+of+Islamic+culture+in+the+Indian+Environment&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Aziz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFindly1993">Findly 1993</a>, p. 189: "Jahangir opened his memoirs with a tribute to the Sufi, calling him 'the fountainhead of most of the saints of India', and in late 1608 he recalled his father's pilgrimage with Mariam-uz-Zamani to Khawaja Moinuddin Chisti's shrine in hopes of sons by making his own pilgrimage to Akbar's tomb in Sikandra."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed1599" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Nizamuddin (1599). <i>Tabaqat-i-Akbari</i>. p. 144.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tabaqat-i-Akbari&rft.pages=144&rft.date=1599&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Nizamuddin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190945–46-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190945–46_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogersBeveridge1909">Rogers & Beveridge 1909</a>, pp. 45–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEraly2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Eraly" title="Abraham Eraly">Eraly, Abraham</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=04ellRQx4nMC&pg=PA171"><i>Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals</i></a>. Penguin Books India. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-100143-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-100143-2"><bdi>978-0-14-100143-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emperors+of+the+Peacock+Throne%3A+The+Saga+of+the+Great+Mughals&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-14-100143-2&rft.aulast=Eraly&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D04ellRQx4nMC%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogersBeveridge1909" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Alexander; Beveridge, Henry, eds. (1909). <i>The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr, Volume 2</i>. Royal Asiatic Society, London. p. 62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+T%C5%ABzuk-i-Jah%C4%81ng%C4%ABr%C4%AB+or+Memoirs+of+Jah%C4%81ng%C4%ABr%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Royal+Asiatic+Society%2C+London&rft.date=1909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahangir,_Emperor_of_Hindustan1999" class="citation book cs1">Jahangir, Emperor of Hindustan (1999). <i>The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India</i>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Thackston" title="Wheeler Thackston">Thackston, Wheeler M.</a> Oxford University Press. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8"><bdi>978-0-19-512718-8</bdi></a>. <q>Qutbuddin Khan Koka's mother passed away. She had given me milk in my mother's stead—indeed, she was kinder than a mother—and I had been raised from infancy in her care. I took one of the legs of her bier on my own shoulder and carried it a bit of the way. I was so grieved and depressed that I lost my appetite for several days and did not change my clothes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jahangirnama%3A+Memoirs+of+Jahangir%2C+Emperor+of+India&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512718-8&rft.au=Jahangir%2C+Emperor+of+Hindustan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayapalan2001" class="citation book cs1">Jayapalan, N. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6L6avTlqJNYC&q=Abdur+khan-i-khana"><i>History of India: From 1206 to 1773</i></a>. Vol. 2. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-3505-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-3505-5"><bdi>978-81-269-3505-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+India%3A+From+1206+to+1773&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+and+Distributors&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-269-3505-5&rft.aulast=Jayapalan&rft.aufirst=N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6L6avTlqJNYC%26q%3DAbdur%2Bkhan-i-khana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsher1992" class="citation book cs1">Asher, Catherine B. (24 September 1992). <i>Architecture of Mughal India</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fchol9780521267281">10.1017/chol9780521267281</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26728-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26728-1"><bdi>978-0-521-26728-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+of+Mughal+India&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992-09-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fchol9780521267281&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26728-1&rft.aulast=Asher&rft.aufirst=Catherine+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLal1988" class="citation book cs1">Lal, Muni (1988). <i>Mughal Glory</i>. Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd. p. 87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mughal+Glory&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Konark+Publishers+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Lal&rft.aufirst=Muni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190913-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190913_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogersBeveridge1909">Rogers & Beveridge 1909</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmperor_of_India1999" class="citation book cs1">Emperor of India, Jahangir (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/51/mode/1up?q=Shah+begum"><i>The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India</i></a>. Translated by Thackston, W. M. Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8"><bdi>978-0-19-512718-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jahangirnama%3A+memoirs+of+Jahangir%2C+Emperor+of+India&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Washington%2C+D.+C.%3A+Freer+Gallery+of+Art%2C+Arthur+M.+Sackler+Gallery%2C+Smithsonian+Institution%3B+New+York%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512718-8&rft.aulast=Emperor+of+India&rft.aufirst=Jahangir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjahangirnamamemo00jaha%2Fpage%2F51%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fq%3DShah%2Bbegum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Dimensions of Indian Womanhood, Volume 3</i>. 1993. p. 338.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dimensions+of+Indian+Womanhood%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=338&rft.date=1993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan Vol II</i>. p. 361.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mertiyo+Rathors+of+Merta%2C+Rajasthan+Vol+II&rft.pages=361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THE_BUNDELA_REVOLTS_DURING_THE_MUGHAL_PERIOD:_A_DYNASTIC_AFFAIR;_Amir_Ahmad_35-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmir_Ahmad2005" class="citation journal cs1">Amir Ahmad (2005). "The Bundela Revolts During the Mughal Period: A Dynastic Affair". <i>Proceedings of the Indian History Congress</i>. <b>66</b>: 439. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2249-1937">2249-1937</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145860">44145860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+History+Congress&rft.atitle=The+Bundela+Revolts+During+the+Mughal+Period%3A+A+Dynastic+Affair&rft.volume=66&rft.pages=439&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44145860%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=2249-1937&rft.au=Amir+Ahmad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmperor_of_Hindustan1999" class="citation book cs1">Emperor of Hindustan, Jahangir (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/104/mode/2up?q=Shahryar"><i>The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India</i></a>. Translated by Thackston, Wheeler Mclntosh. Washington, D. C. & New York: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution & Oxford University Press. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8"><bdi>978-0-19-512718-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jahangirnama%3A+memoirs+of+Jahangir%2C+Emperor+of+India&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.+C.+%26+New+York&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Freer+Gallery+of+Art%2C+Arthur+M.+Sackler+Gallery%2C+Smithsonian+Institution+%26+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512718-8&rft.aulast=Emperor+of+Hindustan&rft.aufirst=Jahangir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjahangirnamamemo00jaha%2Fpage%2F104%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3DShahryar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicoll" class="citation book cs1">Nicoll, Fergus. <i>Shah-Jahan: The Rise and Fall of the Mughal Emperor</i>. <q>In fact, official records indicate that Khurram's father had at least twelve more wives, including the (unnamed) daughters of Mirza Muhammad Hakim.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shah-Jahan%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Mughal+Emperor&rft.aulast=Nicoll&rft.aufirst=Fergus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Akbarnama Of Abul Fazl; Volume III</i>. p. 746.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbarnama+Of+Abul+Fazl%3B+Volume+III&rft.pages=746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Akbarnama Of Abul Fazl; Volume III</i>. p. 816.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbarnama+Of+Abul+Fazl%3B+Volume+III&rft.pages=816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFazl" class="citation book cs1">Fazl, Abul. <i>Akbarnama</i>. Vol. III. ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. p. 866.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbarnama&rft.pages=866&rft.pub=ASIATIC+SOCIETY+OF+BENGAL&rft.aulast=Fazl&rft.aufirst=Abul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Akbarnama Of Abul Fazl; Volume III</i>. p. 880.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbarnama+Of+Abul+Fazl%3B+Volume+III&rft.pages=880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFazl" class="citation book cs1">Fazl, Abul. <i>Akbarnama Vol. III</i>. p. 883. <q>On this day also Sultan Parviz had a sister born.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbarnama+Vol.+III&rft.pages=883&rft.aulast=Fazl&rft.aufirst=Abul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFazl" class="citation book cs1">Fazl, Abul. <i>Akbarnama Vol. III</i>. <q>On the 21st, after the passing of 8 hours and 28 minutes, a sister to Sulān Parvīz was born. It is the rule that H.M. promptly gives names to the children and grandchildren. Though the inner servants expressed a wish that he would do this, he did not accept the proposition. Suddenly that newly-born one descended into non-existence, and H.M.'s knowledge of hidden things was anew displayed!</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbarnama+Vol.+III&rft.aulast=Fazl&rft.aufirst=Abul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Akbarnama Of Abul Fazl; Volume III</i>. p. 1015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbarnama+Of+Abul+Fazl%3B+Volume+III&rft.pages=1015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Akbarnama Of Abul Fazl; Volume III</i>. p. 1031.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbarnama+Of+Abul+Fazl%3B+Volume+III&rft.pages=1031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Akbarnama Of Abul Fazl; Volume III</i>. p. 1094.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbarnama+Of+Abul+Fazl%3B+Volume+III&rft.pages=1094&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Tg-AAAAMAAJ&q=indian+afghans+barha"><i>History of the Afghans in India, A.D. 1545-1631</i></a>. Pakistan Publishing House. 4 October 1961. p. 261. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231103034411/https://books.google.com/books?id=1Tg-AAAAMAAJ&q=indian+afghans+barha">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Afghans+in+India%2C+A.D.+1545-1631&rft.pages=261&rft.pub=Pakistan+Publishing+House&rft.date=1961-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1Tg-AAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dindian%2Bafghans%2Bbarha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalrympleAnand" class="citation web cs1">Dalrymple, William; Anand, Anita. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/6xDj4HLlFSAA6MrzzQANos?si=7db988896c474760">"Jahangir: A World of Light And Darkness(Ep1)"</a>. <i>Spotify</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spotify&rft.atitle=Jahangir%3A+A+World+of+Light+And+Darkness%28Ep1%29&rft.aulast=Dalrymple&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Anand%2C+Anita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.spotify.com%2Fepisode%2F6xDj4HLlFSAA6MrzzQANos%3Fsi%3D7db988896c474760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/html/issue6/html/flores_main.html">"The Internationalization of Portuguese Historiography"</a>. <i>brown.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170514034521/http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/html/issue6/html/flores_main.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=brown.edu&rft.atitle=The+Internationalization+of+Portuguese+Historiography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brown.edu%2FDepartments%2FPortuguese_Brazilian_Studies%2Fejph%2Fhtml%2Fissue6%2Fhtml%2Fflores_main.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPawan_singh2022" class="citation book cs1">Pawan singh (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404123156/https://books.google.com/books?id=IDBdEAAAQBAJ&dq=isa+khan+dynasty+bengal&pg=PA12"><i>Bangladesh and Pakistan Flirting with Failure in South Asia</i></a>. Gaurav Book Center. p. 21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IDBdEAAAQBAJ&dq=isa+khan+dynasty+bengal&pg=PA12">the original</a> on 4 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bangladesh+and+Pakistan+Flirting+with+Failure+in+South+Asia&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Gaurav+Book+Center&rft.date=2022&rft.au=Pawan+singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIDBdEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Disa%2Bkhan%2Bdynasty%2Bbengal%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bpedia-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bpedia_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuazzam_Hussain_Khan2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Muazzam Hussain Khan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Musa_Khan">"Musa Khan"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>; Miah, Sajahan; <a href="/wiki/Mahfuza_Khanam" title="Mahfuza Khanam">Khanam, Mahfuza</a>; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Banglapedia" title="Banglapedia">Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</a></i> (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6" title="Special:BookSources/984-32-0576-6"><bdi>984-32-0576-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52727562">52727562</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL30677644M">30677644M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Musa+Khan&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+the+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.place=Dhaka%2C+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Banglapedia+Trust%2C+Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52727562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL30677644M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=984-32-0576-6&rft.au=Muazzam+Hussain+Khan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMusa_Khan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeroz2009" class="citation book cs1">Feroz, M A Hannan (2009). <i>400 years of Dhaka</i>. Ittyadi. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=400+years+of+Dhaka&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Ittyadi&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Feroz&rft.aufirst=M+A+Hannan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sen2-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sen2_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen2013" class="citation book cs1">Sen, Sailendra (2013). <i>A Textbook of Medieval Indian History</i>. Primus Books. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-38060-734-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-38060-734-4"><bdi>978-9-38060-734-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Textbook+of+Medieval+Indian+History&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Primus+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9-38060-734-4&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Sailendra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanif1999" class="citation book cs1">Hanif, N. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CXH4RHYwkEsC"><i>Islamic Concept of Crime and Justice: Political justice and crime</i></a>. New Delhi, India: Sarup & Sons. pp. <span class="nowrap">73–</span>74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-063-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-063-4"><bdi>978-81-7625-063-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128111814/https://books.google.com/books?id=CXH4RHYwkEsC">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Concept+of+Crime+and+Justice%3A+Political+justice+and+crime&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E74&rft.pub=Sarup+%26+Sons&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-7625-063-4&rft.aulast=Hanif&rft.aufirst=N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCXH4RHYwkEsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbert2012" class="citation book cs1">Herbert, Sir Thomas (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=46NMAQAAMAAJ"><i>Sir Thomas Herbert, Bart: Travels in Africa, Persia, and Asia the Great: Some Years Travels Into Africa and Asia the Great, Especially Describing the Famous Empires of Persia and Hindustan, as Also Divers Other Kingdoms in the Oriental Indies, 1627-30, the 1677 Version</i></a>. New Delhi, India: ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies). p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86698-475-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86698-475-1"><bdi>978-0-86698-475-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Thomas+Herbert%2C+Bart%3A+Travels+in+Africa%2C+Persia%2C+and+Asia+the+Great%3A+Some+Years+Travels+Into+Africa+and+Asia+the+Great%2C+Especially+Describing+the+Famous+Empires+of+Persia+and+Hindustan%2C+as+Also+Divers+Other+Kingdoms+in+the+Oriental+Indies%2C+1627-30%2C+the+1677+Version&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=ACMRS+%28Arizona+Center+for+Medieval+and+Renaissance+Studies%29&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-86698-475-1&rft.aulast=Herbert&rft.aufirst=Sir+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D46NMAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSekhara_Bandyopadhyaya2004" class="citation book cs1">Sekhara Bandyopadhyaya (2004). <i>From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India</i>. Orient Blackswan. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-2596-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-2596-2"><bdi>978-81-250-2596-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Plassey+to+Partition%3A+A+History+of+Modern+India&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-250-2596-2&rft.au=Sekhara+Bandyopadhyaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jahangir_chain_of_Justice-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jahangir_chain_of_Justice_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jahangir_chain_of_Justice_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agakhanmuseum.org/collection/artifact/jahangir-jharoka-window-agra-fort-folio-jahangirnameh-memoirs-jahangir-akm136">"Emperor Jahangir at the Jharoka window, AKM136, The Aga Khan Museum"</a>. <i>Aga Khan Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331161705/https://agakhanmuseum.org/collection/artifact/jahangir-jharoka-window-agra-fort-folio-jahangirnameh-memoirs-jahangir-akm136">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aga+Khan+Museum&rft.atitle=Emperor+Jahangir+at+the+Jharoka+window%2C+AKM136%2C+The+Aga+Khan+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fagakhanmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fartifact%2Fjahangir-jharoka-window-agra-fort-folio-jahangirnameh-memoirs-jahangir-akm136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anarchy-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anarchy_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anarchy_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anarchy_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anarchy_58-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anarchy_58-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalrymple2019" class="citation book cs1">Dalrymple, Willian (2019). <i>The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company</i> (1 ed.). London: Bloomsbury. pp. <span class="nowrap">15–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4088-6437-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4088-6437-1"><bdi>978-1-4088-6437-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anarchy%3A+The+Relentless+Rise+of+the+East+India+Company&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4088-6437-1&rft.aulast=Dalrymple&rft.aufirst=Willian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roe-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roe_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoe1899" class="citation book cs1">Roe, Sir Thomas (1899). Foster, W (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/embassysirthoma03roegoog"><i>The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mughal</i></a> (Rev. 1926 ed.). London: Humphrey Milford.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Embassy+of+Sir+Thomas+Roe+to+the+Court+of+the+Great+Mughal&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Rev.+1926&rft.pub=Humphrey+Milford&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Roe&rft.aufirst=Sir+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fembassysirthoma03roegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lal_(2018)_p126-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lal_(2018)_p126_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lal_(2018)_p126_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLal2018" class="citation book cs1">Lal, Ruby (2018). <i>Empress - The astonishing reign of Nur Jahan</i> (1st ed.). United States of America: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 126, 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-23934-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-23934-8"><bdi>978-0-393-23934-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empress+-+The+astonishing+reign+of+Nur+Jahan&rft.place=United+States+of+America&rft.pages=126%2C+191&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-393-23934-8&rft.aulast=Lal&rft.aufirst=Ruby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findly1993-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findly1993_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllison_Banks_Findly1993" class="citation book cs1">Ellison Banks Findly (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ugxFjVDk3I8C&pg=PAPA171"><i>Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">170–</span>172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536060-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536060-8"><bdi>978-0-19-536060-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nur+Jahan%3A+Empress+of+Mughal+India&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E170-%3C%2Fspan%3E172&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-19-536060-8&rft.au=Ellison+Banks+Findly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DugxFjVDk3I8C%26pg%3DPAPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mughal-Ottoman_Relations_A_Study_of_Political_&_Diplomatic_Relations_Between_Mughal_India_and_the_Ottoman_Empire,_1556-1748;_Naimur_Rahman_Farooqi-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mughal-Ottoman_Relations_A_Study_of_Political_&_Diplomatic_Relations_Between_Mughal_India_and_the_Ottoman_Empire,_1556-1748;_Naimur_Rahman_Farooqi_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaimur_Rahman_Farooqi1989" class="citation book cs1">Naimur Rahman Farooqi (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uB1uAAAAMAAJ"><i>Mughal-Ottoman Relations A Study of Political & Diplomatic Relations Between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556-1748</i></a>. Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli. p. 38<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mughal-Ottoman+Relations+A+Study+of+Political+%26+Diplomatic+Relations+Between+Mughal+India+and+the+Ottoman+Empire%2C+1556-1748&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Idarah-i+Adabiyat-i+Delli&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Naimur+Rahman+Farooqi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuB1uAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allan_1934_p._398-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allan_1934_p._398_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllanHaigDodwell1934" class="citation book cs1">Allan, J.; Haig, Sir T. Wolsely; Dodwell, H. H. (1934). <a href="/wiki/H._H._Dodwell" title="H. H. Dodwell">Dodwell, H. H.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9_48AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA398"><i>The Cambridge Shorter History of India</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 398.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Shorter+History+of+India&rft.pages=398&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Allan&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Haig%2C+Sir+T.+Wolsely&rft.au=Dodwell%2C+H.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9_48AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLal2018" class="citation book cs1">Lal, Ruby (2018). <i>Empress - The Astonishing Reign of Nur Jahan</i> (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">214–</span>216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-23934-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-23934-8"><bdi>978-0-393-23934-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empress+-+The+Astonishing+Reign+of+Nur+Jahan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E214-%3C%2Fspan%3E216&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-393-23934-8&rft.aulast=Lal&rft.aufirst=Ruby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chattopadhyay_1995-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chattopadhyay_1995_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChattopadhyay1995" class="citation journal cs1">Chattopadhyay A (1995). "Jahangir's interest in public health and medicine". <i>Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad</i>. <b>25</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">170–</span>182. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11618835">11618835</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull+Indian+Inst+Hist+Med+Hyderabad&rft.atitle=Jahangir%27s+interest+in+public+health+and+medicine&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E170-%3C%2Fspan%3E182&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11618835&rft.aulast=Chattopadhyay&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli1990" class="citation journal cs1">Ali, M. Athar (1990). "The Religious World of Jahangir". <i>Proceedings of the Indian History Congress</i>. <b>51</b>: <span class="nowrap">295–</span>296.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+History+Congress&rft.atitle=The+Religious+World+of+Jahangir&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E295-%3C%2Fspan%3E296&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=M.+Athar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Tariq_Awan1994" class="citation book cs1">Muhammad Tariq Awan (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OgpuAAAAMAAJ&q=highest%20post%20in%20mughal%20government%20is%20mir%20bakhshi"><i>History of India and Pakistan: pt. 1. Great Mughals</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Ferozsons" title="Ferozsons">Ferozsons</a>. p. 342. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-969-0-10034-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-969-0-10034-4"><bdi>978-969-0-10034-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405042902/https://books.google.com/books?id=OgpuAAAAMAAJ&q=highest%20post%20in%20mughal%20government%20is%20mir%20bakhshi">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+India+and+Pakistan%3A+pt.+1.+Great+Mughals&rft.pages=342&rft.pub=Ferozsons&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-969-0-10034-4&rft.au=Muhammad+Tariq+Awan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOgpuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dhighest%2520post%2520in%2520mughal%2520government%2520is%2520mir%2520bakhshi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasan_Murtaza1946" class="citation journal cs1">Hasan Murtaza (1946). "7. Letters of Sheikh Ahmad. (A New Source of Historical Study) [1563—1624 A. D.]". <i>Proceedings of the Indian History Congress</i>. <b>9</b>: <span class="nowrap">273–</span>281. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44137073">44137073</a>. <q>n : It v as written from the Imperial Camp. It shows that the Imam was held in esteem in the Imperial Court, used to attend it daily and by his daily debates there used to counter-act the beliefs and doctrines pre- valent in court. /It almost gives a list of the beliefs and doctrines which were discussed, criticised and ridiculed in the Court. T</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+History+Congress&rft.atitle=7.+Letters+of+Sheikh+Ahmad.+%28A+New+Source+of+Historical+Study%29+%5B1563%E2%80%941624+A.+D.%5D&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E273-%3C%2Fspan%3E281&rft.date=1946&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44137073%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Hasan+Murtaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pol-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pol_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrfan_Habib1960" class="citation journal cs1">Irfan Habib (1960). "The Political Role of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi and Shah Waliullah". <i>Proceedings of the Indian History Congress</i>. <b>23</b>: <span class="nowrap">209–</span>223. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2249-1937">2249-1937</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44304065">44304065</a>. <q>There is no real proof ... that Shaikh Farid ever took Shaikh Ahmad's advice</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+History+Congress&rft.atitle=The+Political+Role+of+Shaikh+Ahmad+Sirhindi+and+Shah+Waliullah&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E209-%3C%2Fspan%3E223&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44304065%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=2249-1937&rft.au=Irfan+Habib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Mughal_Empire_Part_1,_Volume_5;_John_F._Richards;_1993-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Mughal_Empire_Part_1,_Volume_5;_John_F._Richards;_1993_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_F._Richards1993" class="citation book cs1">John F. Richards (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC"><i>The Mughal Empire Part 1, Volume 5</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Paperback)</span>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">98–</span>100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56603-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56603-2"><bdi>978-0-521-56603-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mughal+Empire+Part+1%2C+Volume+5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E98-%3C%2Fspan%3E100&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-56603-2&rft.au=John+F.+Richards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHHyVh29gy4QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Princeton_Encyclopedia_of_Islamic_Political_Thought;_Gerhard_Bowering,_Mahan_Mirza,_Patricia_Crone-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Princeton_Encyclopedia_of_Islamic_Political_Thought;_Gerhard_Bowering,_Mahan_Mirza,_Patricia_Crone_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerhard_BoweringMahan_MirzaPatricia_Crone2013" class="citation book cs1">Gerhard Bowering; Mahan Mirza; Patricia Crone (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q1I0pcrFFSUC"><i>The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Hardcover)</span>. Princeton University Press. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13484-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13484-0"><bdi>978-0-691-13484-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Princeton+Encyclopedia+of+Islamic+Political+Thought&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13484-0&rft.au=Gerhard+Bowering&rft.au=Mahan+Mirza&rft.au=Patricia+Crone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq1I0pcrFFSUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalikZubairParveen2016" class="citation journal cs1">Malik, Adnan; Zubair, Muhammad; Parveen, Uzman (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/rec/MALEOS-28">"Effects of social reforms of shaykh Ahmad sirhindi (1564-1624) on muslim society in the sub continent"</a>. <i>Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities</i>. <b>55</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Karachi" title="University of Karachi">University of Karachi</a>: <span class="nowrap">155–</span>164. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.46568%2Fjssh.v55i2.70">10.46568/jssh.v55i2.70</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Social+Sciences+and+Humanities&rft.atitle=Effects+of+social+reforms+of+shaykh+Ahmad+sirhindi+%281564-1624%29+on+muslim+society+in+the+sub+continent&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E155-%3C%2Fspan%3E164&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.46568%2Fjssh.v55i2.70&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Adnan&rft.au=Zubair%2C+Muhammad&rft.au=Parveen%2C+Uzman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Frec%2FMALEOS-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikZubairParveen2016158–161-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalikZubairParveen2016158–161_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalikZubairParveen2016">Malik, Zubair & Parveen 2016</a>, pp. 158–161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikZubairParveen2016159–161-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalikZubairParveen2016159–161_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalikZubairParveen2016159–161_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalikZubairParveen2016">Malik, Zubair & Parveen 2016</a>, pp. 159–161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAli1990294–295-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAli1990294–295_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAli1990">Ali 1990</a>, pp. 294–295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWynbrandt2009" class="citation book cs1">Wynbrandt, James (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xQGwgJnCPZgC"><i>A Brief History of Pakistan</i></a>. Facts on File. pp. <span class="nowrap">83–</span>84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6184-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6184-6"><bdi>978-0-8160-6184-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Pakistan&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E83-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-6184-6&rft.aulast=Wynbrandt&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxQGwgJnCPZgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goel, The Story of Islamic Imperialism in India, 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandra2015" class="citation book cs1">Chandra, Satish (2015). <i>History of Medieval India(800-1700)</i>. Orient Blackswan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5287-457-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5287-457-6"><bdi>978-93-5287-457-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Medieval+India%28800-1700%29&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-93-5287-457-6&rft.aulast=Chandra&rft.aufirst=Satish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAli1990292–293-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAli1990292–293_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAli1990">Ali 1990</a>, pp. 292–293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAli1990293–294-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAli1990293–294_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAli1990">Ali 1990</a>, pp. 293–294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Sharma, Kamayani (13 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/magazine/1032653/why-did-mughal-emperor-jahangir-issue-these-rare-and-singular-astrology-themed-coins">"Why did Mughal emperor Jahangir issue these rare and singular astrology-themed coins?"</a>. <i>Scroll.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scroll.in&rft.atitle=Why+did+Mughal+emperor+Jahangir+issue+these+rare+and+singular+astrology-themed+coins%3F&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Kamayani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Fmagazine%2F1032653%2Fwhy-did-mughal-emperor-jahangir-issue-these-rare-and-singular-astrology-themed-coins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coinindia.com/galleries-jahangir.html">"The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Jahangir"</a>. <i>coinindia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coinindia.com&rft.atitle=The+COININDIA+Coin+Galleries%3A+Jahangir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoinindia.com%2Fgalleries-jahangir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshraf2015" class="citation news cs1">Ashraf, Ajaz (20 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scroll.in/article/769463/we-will-never-know-the-number-of-temples-desecrated-through-indias-history-richard-eaton">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'We will never know the number of temples desecrated through India's history': Richard Eaton"</a>. <i>Scroll.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526191846/https://scroll.in/article/769463/we-will-never-know-the-number-of-temples-desecrated-through-indias-history-richard-eaton">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scroll.in&rft.atitle=%27We+will+never+know+the+number+of+temples+desecrated+through+India%27s+history%27%3A+Richard+Eaton&rft.date=2015-11-20&rft.aulast=Ashraf&rft.aufirst=Ajaz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Farticle%2F769463%2Fwe-will-never-know-the-number-of-temples-desecrated-through-indias-history-richard-eaton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RT-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RT_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Description and recent photograph in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThapar2018" class="citation web cs1">Thapar, Romila (13 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guftugu.in/2018/06/pillar-of-ashokamaurya-romila-thapar/">"India and the World as Viewed from a Pillar of Ashoka Maurya"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200930204907/https://guftugu.in/2018/06/pillar-of-ashokamaurya-romila-thapar/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+and+the+World+as+Viewed+from+a+Pillar+of+Ashoka+Maurya&rft.date=2018-06-13&rft.aulast=Thapar&rft.aufirst=Romila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguftugu.in%2F2018%2F06%2Fpillar-of-ashokamaurya-romila-thapar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCleveland_Beach1992" class="citation book cs1">Cleveland Beach, Milo (1992). <i>Mughal and Rajput Painting</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 90.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mughal+and+Rajput+Painting&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Cleveland+Beach&rft.aufirst=Milo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahangir1999" class="citation book cs1">Jahangir (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha"><i>The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India</i></a>. Translated by Thackston, W.M. New York: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery in Association with Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/314">314</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8"><bdi>978-0-19-512718-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jahangirnama%3A+Memoirs+of+Jahangir%2C+Emperor+of+India&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=Freer+Gallery+of+Art%2C+Arthur+M.+Sackler+Gallery+in+Association+with+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512718-8&rft.au=Jahangir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjahangirnamamemo00jaha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindly1993" class="citation book cs1">Findly, Ellison Banks (25 March 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ugxFjVDk3I8C&dq=nadiri%28dress%29&pg=PA221"><i>Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 221. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536060-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536060-8"><bdi>978-0-19-536060-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715064900/https://books.google.com/books?id=ugxFjVDk3I8C&dq=nadiri(dress)&pg=PA221">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nur+Jahan%3A+Empress+of+Mughal+India&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993-03-25&rft.isbn=978-0-19-536060-8&rft.aulast=Findly&rft.aufirst=Ellison+Banks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DugxFjVDk3I8C%26dq%3Dnadiri%2528dress%2529%26pg%3DPA221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCleveland_Beach1992" class="citation book cs1">Cleveland Beach, Milo (1992). <i>Mughal and Rajput Painting</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mughal+and+Rajput+Painting&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Cleveland+Beach&rft.aufirst=Milo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahangir1999" class="citation book cs1">Jahangir (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha"><i>The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India</i></a>. Translated by Thackston, W.M. New York: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery in Association with Oxford University Press. p. vii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8"><bdi>978-0-19-512718-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jahangirnama%3A+Memoirs+of+Jahangir%2C+Emperor+of+India&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=vii&rft.pub=Freer+Gallery+of+Art%2C+Arthur+M.+Sackler+Gallery+in+Association+with+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512718-8&rft.au=Jahangir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjahangirnamamemo00jaha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerma1999" class="citation book cs1">Verma, Som Prakash (1999). <i>Mughal Painter of Flora and Fauna: Ustād Manṣūr</i>. 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Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 629. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-46767-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-46767-2"><bdi>978-0-226-46767-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+in+the+Making+of+Europe+Vol.+III%2C+Bk.+2%3A+A+Century+of+Advance%2C+South+Asia&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=629&rft.edition=Pbk.&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-226-46767-2&rft.aulast=Lach&rft.aufirst=Donald+F.&rft.au=Kley%2C+Edwin+J.+Van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlores2015" class="citation book cs1">Flores, Jorge (2015). <i>The Mughal Padshah: A Jesuit Treatise on Emperor Jahangir's Court and Household</i>. Brill. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30753-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30753-7"><bdi>978-90-04-30753-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mughal+Padshah%3A+A+Jesuit+Treatise+on+Emperor+Jahangir%27s+Court+and+Household&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-30753-7&rft.aulast=Flores&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchimmel2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Schimmel" title="Annemarie Schimmel">Schimmel, Annemarie</a> (2005). Waghmar, Burzine K. (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofgreatmug00anne/page/45"><i>The empire of the Great Mughals: history, art and culture</i></a></span>. Translated by Attwood, Corinne (Revised ed.). Lahore: Sang-E-Meel Pub. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofgreatmug00anne/page/45">45</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-185-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-185-3"><bdi>978-1-86189-185-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+empire+of+the+Great+Mughals%3A+history%2C+art+and+culture&rft.place=Lahore&rft.pages=45&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Sang-E-Meel+Pub.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-86189-185-3&rft.aulast=Schimmel&rft.aufirst=Annemarie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempireofgreatmug00anne%2Fpage%2F45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansenCurtis2013" class="citation book cs1">Hansen, Valerie; Curtis, Ken (2013). <i>Voyages in World History, Volume 1 to 1600</i>. 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Vol. II. Royal Asiatic Society, London. p. 6(preface). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220831183934/https://indianculture.gov.in/rarebooks/tuzuk-l-jahangiri-or-memoris-jahangir-thirteenth-beginning-nineteenth-year-his-reign">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. p. 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5083-621-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5083-621-7"><bdi>978-93-5083-621-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+%26+Behind+the+Indian+Cinema&rft.pages=2020&rft.pub=Diamond+Pocket+Books+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-93-5083-621-7&rft.aulast=Bajaj&rft.aufirst=J.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_1UqAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU2012" class="citation book cs1">U, Saiam Z. 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(31 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/anarkali-1966/article788581.ece">"Anarkali 1966"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(27 September 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/model-milind-soman-to-play-salim-in-serial-noorjahan-on-dd1/1/255257.html">"Model Milind Soman to play Salim in serial Noorjahan on DD1"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815223107/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/model-milind-soman-to-play-salim-in-serial-noorjahan-on-dd1/1/255257.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Model+Milind+Soman+to+play+Salim+in+serial+Noorjahan+on+DD1&rft.date=1999-09-27&rft.aulast=Vetticad&rft.aufirst=Anna+M.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Fmodel-milind-soman-to-play-salim-in-serial-noorjahan-on-dd1%2F1%2F255257.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKotwani2015" class="citation news cs1">Kotwani, Hiren (20 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sudhanshu-Pandey-replaces-Karanvir-Sharma-in-Siyaasat/articleshow/46632331.cms">"Sudhanshu Pandey replaces Karanvir Sharma in Siyaasat"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031413/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sudhanshu-Pandey-replaces-Karanvir-Sharma-in-Siyaasat/articleshow/46632331.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Sudhanshu+Pandey+replaces+Karanvir+Sharma+in+Siyaasat&rft.date=2015-03-20&rft.aulast=Kotwani&rft.aufirst=Hiren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fhindi%2FSudhanshu-Pandey-replaces-Karanvir-Sharma-in-Siyaasat%2Farticleshow%2F46632331.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSundaresan2002" class="citation book cs1">Sundaresan, Indu (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/twentiethwife00sund_0/page/11"><i>Twentieth wife: a novel</i></a> (Paperback ed.). New York: Washington Square Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-2818-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-2818-7"><bdi>978-0-7434-2818-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentieth+wife%3A+a+novel&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=Washington+Square+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7434-2818-7&rft.aulast=Sundaresan&rft.aufirst=Indu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftwentiethwife00sund_0%2Fpage%2F11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSundaresan2003" class="citation book cs1">Sundaresan, Indu (2003). <i>The Feast of Roses: A Novel</i>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-8196-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-8196-0"><bdi>978-0-7434-8196-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feast+of+Roses%3A+A+Novel&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7434-8196-0&rft.aulast=Sundaresan&rft.aufirst=Indu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutherford2011" class="citation book cs1">Rutherford, Alex (2011). <i>Ruler of the World</i>. Hachette UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-755-34758-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-755-34758-2"><bdi>978-0-755-34758-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruler+of+the+World&rft.pub=Hachette+UK&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-755-34758-2&rft.aulast=Rutherford&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutherford2012" class="citation book cs1">Rutherford, Alex (2012). <i>The Tainted Throne</i>. Hachette UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-755-34761-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-755-34761-2"><bdi>978-0-755-34761-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tainted+Throne&rft.pub=Hachette+UK&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-755-34761-2&rft.aulast=Rutherford&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPodder2005" class="citation book cs1">Podder, Tanushree (2005). <i>Nur Jahan's Daughter</i>. New Delhi: Rupa & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-291-0722-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-291-0722-0"><bdi>978-81-291-0722-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nur+Jahan%27s+Daughter&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Rupa+%26+Co.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-291-0722-0&rft.aulast=Podder&rft.aufirst=Tanushree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpton1996" class="citation book cs1">Epton, Nina Consuelo (1996). <i>Beloved Empress Mumtaz Mahal: A Historical Novel</i>. Roli Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beloved+Empress+Mumtaz+Mahal%3A+A+Historical+Novel&rft.pub=Roli+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Epton&rft.aufirst=Nina+Consuelo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJafa1978" class="citation book cs1">Jafa, Jyoti (1978). <i>Nurjahan: A Historical Novel</i>. India: Writers Workshop.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nurjahan%3A+A+Historical+Novel&rft.place=India&rft.pub=Writers+Workshop&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Jafa&rft.aufirst=Jyoti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurari2004" class="citation book cs1">Murari, Timeri (2004). <i>Taj, a Story of Mughal India</i>. Penguin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taj%2C+a+Story+of+Mughal+India&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Murari&rft.aufirst=Timeri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreaOverfield2005" class="citation book cs1">Andrea, Alfred J.; Overfield, James H. (2005). <i>The Human Record: Sources of Global History. Vol. 2: Since 1500</i> (Fifth ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-37041-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-37041-2"><bdi>978-0-618-37041-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Human+Record%3A+Sources+of+Global+History.+Vol.+2%3A+Since+1500&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=Fifth&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-618-37041-2&rft.aulast=Andrea&rft.aufirst=Alfred+J.&rft.au=Overfield%2C+James+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlvi1989" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sajida_Alvi" title="Sajida Alvi">Alvi, Sajida S.</a> (1989). "Religion and State during the Reign of Mughal Emperor Jahǎngǐr (1605–27): Nonjuristical Perspectives". <i>Studia Islamica</i> (69): <span class="nowrap">95–</span>119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1596069">10.2307/1596069</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1596069">1596069</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Islamica&rft.atitle=Religion+and+State+during+the+Reign+of+Mughal+Emperor+Jah%C7%8Eng%C7%90r+%281605%E2%80%9327%29%3A+Nonjuristical+Perspectives&rft.issue=69&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1596069&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1596069%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Alvi&rft.aufirst=Sajida+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalabanlilar2020" class="citation book cs1">Balabanlilar, Lisa (2020). <i>The Emperor Jahangir: Power and Kingship in Mughal India</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/I._B._Tauris" class="mw-redirect" title="I. B. Tauris">I. B. Tauris</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-83860-042-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-83860-042-6"><bdi>978-1-83860-042-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emperor+Jahangir%3A+Power+and+Kingship+in+Mughal+India&rft.place=London&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-83860-042-6&rft.aulast=Balabanlilar&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindly1987" class="citation journal cs1">Findly, Ellison B. (April–June 1987). "Jahāngīr's Vow of Non-Violence". <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>. <b>107</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">245–</span>256. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F602833">10.2307/602833</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/602833">602833</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=Jah%C4%81ng%C4%ABr%27s+Vow+of+Non-Violence&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E245-%3C%2Fspan%3E256&rft.date=1987-04%2F1987-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F602833&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F602833%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Findly&rft.aufirst=Ellison+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGascoigneGascoigne1998" class="citation book cs1">Gascoigne, Bamber; Gascoigne, Christina (1998) [1971]. <i>The Great Moghuls</i>. London: Constable. pp. <span class="nowrap">130–</span>179. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39270860">39270860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Moghuls&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E130-%3C%2Fspan%3E179&rft.pub=Constable&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39270860&rft.aulast=Gascoigne&rft.aufirst=Bamber&rft.au=Gascoigne%2C+Christina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLefèvre2007" class="citation journal cs1">Lefèvre, Corinne (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00706230/file/Recovering%20a%20Missing%20Voice_JESHO.pdf">"Recovering a Missing Voice from Mughal India: The Imperial Discourse of Jahāngīr (r. 1605–1627) in his Memoirs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient</i>. <b>50</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">452–</span>489. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156852007783245034">10.1163/156852007783245034</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153839580">153839580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Economic+and+Social+History+of+the+Orient&rft.atitle=Recovering+a+Missing+Voice+from+Mughal+India%3A+The+Imperial+Discourse+of+Jah%C4%81ng%C4%ABr+%28r.+1605%E2%80%931627%29+in+his+Memoirs&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E452-%3C%2Fspan%3E489&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156852007783245034&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153839580%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lef%C3%A8vre&rft.aufirst=Corinne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhal-00706230%2Ffile%2FRecovering%2520a%2520Missing%2520Voice_JESHO.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahangir&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jahangir" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Jahangir">Jahangir</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jahangir" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jahangir">Jahangir</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/47485">Works by Jahangir</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmperor_of_Hindustan1829" class="citation book cs1">Emperor of Hindustan, Jahangir (1829). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/memoirsofemperor00jaharich#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Memoirs of the Emperor Jahangueir</i></a>. Translated by Price, David. London: J. Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+the+Emperor+Jahangueir&rft.place=London&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1829&rft.aulast=Emperor+of+Hindustan&rft.aufirst=Jahangir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmemoirsofemperor00jaharich%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliot1875" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Miers_Elliot" title="Henry Miers Elliot">Elliot, Henry Miers</a> (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/wakiatijahangiri00jaha#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Wakiʼat-i Jahangiri</i></a>. Lahore: Sheikh Mubarak Ali.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Waki%CA%BCat-i+Jahangiri&rft.place=Lahore&rft.pub=Sheikh+Mubarak+Ali&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Elliot&rft.aufirst=Henry+Miers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fwakiatijahangiri00jaha%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJahangir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kforknowledge.com/2011/09/jehangir-and-shah-jehan.html">Jehangir and Shah Jehan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528145829/http://www.boloji.com/history/012.htm">The World Conqueror: Jahangir</a> (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jainpedia.org/themes/places/jainism-and-islam/jains-and-the-mughals.html">Jains and the Mughals</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Jahangir </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurid dynasty</a> </b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 20 September 1569 </span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 8 November 1627</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal Emperor">Mughal Emperor</a> </b><br />1605–1627 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mughal_Empire" title="Template:Mughal Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mughal_Empire" title="Template talk:Mughal Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mughal_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mughal Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30x27px&#124;link=Flags_of_the_Mughal_EmpireMughal_Empire206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Flags of the Mughal Empire"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire.png/30px-Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire.png/60px-Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="905" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperors">Emperors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jahangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahryar_Mirza" title="Shahryar Mirza">Shahryar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb (Alamgir I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Azam_Shah" title="Muhammad Azam Shah">Muhammad Azam Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_I" title="Bahadur Shah I">Bahadur Shah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahandar_Shah" title="Jahandar Shah">Jahandar Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrukhsiyar" title="Farrukhsiyar">Farrukhsiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_ud-Darajat" title="Rafi ud-Darajat">Rafi ud-Darajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_II" title="Shah Jahan II">Shah Jahan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah" title="Muhammad Shah">Muhammad Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur" title="Ahmad Shah Bahadur">Ahmad Shah Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamgir_II" title="Alamgir II">Alamgir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_III" title="Shah Jahan III">Shah Jahan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam_II" title="Shah Alam II">Shah Alam II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_Bahadur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Shah Bahadur">Shah Jahan IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar_II" title="Akbar II">Akbar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_family_tree" title="Timurid family tree">family tree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Economy of the Mughal Empire">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Mughal Empire">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Foreign relations of the Mughal Empire">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Government of the Mughal Empire">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Army of the Mughal Empire">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_artillery" title="Mughal artillery">Mughal artillery</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Provinces25" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Subah" title="Subah">Provinces</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agra_Subah" title="Agra Subah">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Subah" title="Ajmer Subah">Ajmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awadh_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Awadh Subah">Awadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berar_Subah" title="Berar Subah">Berar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Subah" title="Bihar Subah">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Subah" title="Gujarat Subah">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Delhi Subah">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Subah" title="Hyderabad Subah">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Subah">Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa_Subah" title="Malwa Subah">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subah_of_Multan" title="Subah of Multan">Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sira_Subah" title="Sira Subah">Sira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal-Rajput_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal-Rajput wars">Mughal-Rajput wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_conquest_of_Malwa" title="Mughal conquest of Malwa">Mughal conquest of Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar%27s_conquest_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbar's conquest of Gujarat">Gujarat conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Safavid_war_(1622%E2%80%931623)" title="Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)">Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Safavid_war_(1649%E2%80%931653)" title="Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653)">Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokula#Battle_of_Tilpat" title="Gokula">Suppression of Tilpat rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahom%E2%80%93Mughal_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahom–Mughal conflicts">Ahom–Mughal conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet%E2%80%93Ladakh%E2%80%93Mughal_war" title="Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war">Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Maratha_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal–Maratha wars">Mughal–Maratha wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child%27s_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Child's war">Child's war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_wars" title="Carnatic wars">Carnatic wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal war">Bengal war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_between_Mughals_and_Sikhs" title="List of battles between Mughals and Sikhs">Mughal–Sikh wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Portuguese_conflicts" title="Mughal–Portuguese conflicts">Mughal–Portuguese conflicts</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agra" title="Battle of Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badli-ki-Serai" title="Battle of Badli-ki-Serai">Badli-ki-Serai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhuchar_Mori" title="Battle of Bhuchar Mori">Bhuchar Mori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chanderi" title="Battle of Chanderi">Chanderi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chausa" title="Battle of Chausa">Chausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ghaghra" title="Battle of Ghaghra">Ghagra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haldighati" title="Battle of Haldighati">Haldighati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karnal" title="Battle of Karnal">Karnal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khajwa" title="Battle of Khajwa">Khajwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khanwa" title="Battle of Khanwa">Khanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najafgarh" title="Battle of Najafgarh">Najafgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Panipat" title="First Battle of Panipat">Panipat (1526)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Second Battle of Panipat">Panipat (1556)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Third Battle of Panipat">Panipat (1761)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raj_Mahal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Raj Mahal">Raj Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samugarh" title="Battle of Samugarh">Samugarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirhind_(1555)" title="Battle of Sirhind (1555)">Sirhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thanesar_(1567)" title="Battle of Thanesar (1567)">Thanesar (1567)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thanesar_(1710)" title="Battle of Thanesar (1710)">Thanesar (1710)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tukaroi" title="Battle of Tukaroi">Tukaroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Bakla" title="Conquest of Bakla">Bakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Bhulua" title="Conquest of Bhulua">Bhulua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sieges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bijapur" title="Siege of Bijapur">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chittorgarh_(1567%E2%80%931568)" title="Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)">Chittorgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Delhi" title="Siege of Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daman_(1638%E2%80%931639)" title="Siege of Daman (1638–1639)">Daman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daulatabad_(1633)" title="Siege of Daulatabad (1633)">Daulatabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Golconda" title="Siege of Golconda">Golconda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hooghly" title="Siege of Hooghly">Hooghly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jinji" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jinji">Jinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kandahar_(1605%E2%80%9306)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Kandahar (1605–06)">Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Purandhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Purandhar">Purandhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ranthambore_(1568)" title="Siege of Ranthambore (1568)">Ranthambore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sambhal" title="Siege of Sambhal">Sambhal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adversaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baro-Bhuyan#Baro-Bhuiyans_of_Bengal" title="Baro-Bhuyan">Baro-Bhuyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isa_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Isa Khan">Isa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Usman" title="Khwaja Usman">Khwaja Usman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayazid_of_Sylhet" title="Bayazid of Sylhet">Bayazid of Sylhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Khan_of_Bengal" title="Musa Khan of Bengal">Musa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratapaditya" title="Pratapaditya">Pratapaditya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Lodi">Ibrahim Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_Sanga" title="Rana Sanga">Rana Sanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu" title="Hemu">Hemu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharana_Pratap" title="Maharana Pratap">Maharana Pratap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Ambar" title="Malik Ambar">Malik Ambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokula" title="Gokula">Gokula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivaji" title="Shivaji">Shivaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachit_Borphukan" title="Lachit Borphukan">Lachit Borphukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Khattak" title="Khushal Khattak">Khushal Khattak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Child,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Child, 1st Baronet">Josiah Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Every" title="Henry Every">Henry Every</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajirao_I" title="Bajirao I">Bajirao I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Munro,_8th_laird_of_Novar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hector Munro, 8th laird of Novar">Hector Munro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forts and palaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agra_Fort" title="Agra Fort">Agra Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalbagh_Fort" title="Lalbagh Fort">Lalbagh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahangir_Mahal,_Orchha" title="Jahangir Mahal, Orchha">Jahangir Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheesh_Mahal_(Lahore_Fort)" title="Sheesh Mahal (Lahore Fort)">Sheesh Mahal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_mosques" title="Category:Mughal mosques">Mosques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamgir_Mosque,_Aurangabad" title="Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad">Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama Masjid, Delhi">Jama Masjid (Delhi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawk_Mosque" title="Chawk Mosque">Chawk Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_Mosque,_Thatta" title="Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta">Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunehri_Masjid,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunehri Masjid, Lahore">Sunehri Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_tombs" title="Category:Mughal tombs">Tombs and mausoleums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Akbar_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Akbar the Great">Akbar's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_Ka_Maqbara" title="Bibi Ka Maqbara">Bibi Ka Maqbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Babur" title="Gardens of Babur">Gardens of Babur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tomb" title="Humayun's Tomb">Humayun's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jahangir" title="Tomb of Jahangir">Jahangir's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Salim_Chishti" title="Tomb of Salim Chishti">Tomb of Salim Chishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Aurangzeb" title="Tomb of Aurangzeb">Tomb of Aurangzeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Nur_Jahan" title="Tomb of Nur Jahan">Tomb of Nur Jahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tombs_of_Mughal_Empire" title="List of tombs of Mughal Empire">List of tombs of Mughal Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens,_Lahore" title="Shalimar Gardens, Lahore">Shalimar Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achabal_Gardens" title="Achabal Gardens">Achabal Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_Bridge,_Jaunpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahi Bridge, Jaunpur">Shahi Bridge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Mughal_architecture" title="Category:Mughal architecture">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Persian_culture" title="Indo-Persian culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_clothing" title="Mughal clothing">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_garden" title="Mughal garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language_in_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian language in South Asia">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_painting" title="Mughal painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persians_in_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Persians in the Mughal Empire">Persian Mughals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal tribe">Tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_weapons" title="Mughal weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Foreign relations of the Mughal Empire">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Successor states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Sur Empire</a> (<i>interrupted</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajputana" title="Rajputana">Rajput states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jat_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jat people">Jats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabs_of_Bengal_and_Murshidabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad">Nawabs of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Awadh" title="Nawab of Awadh">Nawabs of Awadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Nizam of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnatic state">Carnatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohilkhand" title="Rohilkhand">Rohilkhand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83653#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2320" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83653#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2320" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83653#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500257015">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1061428">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/103399526.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/103399526">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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