CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Project Azorian - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"93490fc2-3e05-4f56-8ab2-c9ddf6d3440e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Project_Azorian","wgTitle":"Project Azorian","wgCurRevisionId":1275630715,"wgRevisionId":1275630715,"wgArticleId":20877456,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from June 2024","All Wikipedia articles needing clarification","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2024","Articles needing additional references from July 2024","All articles needing additional references", "All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2009","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018","All articles that may contain original research","Articles that may contain original research from July 2024","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Central Intelligence Agency operations","Cold War intelligence operations","K-129 submarine sinking accident","Soviet Union–United States relations","Marine salvage operations","Conspiracy theories","1974 in military history"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Project_Azorian","wgRelevantArticleId":20877456,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive": false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":40.1,"lon":179.9},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q794050","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/USNS_Glomar_Explorer_%28T-AG-193%29.jpg/1200px-USNS_Glomar_Explorer_%28T-AG-193%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="781"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/USNS_Glomar_Explorer_%28T-AG-193%29.jpg/800px-USNS_Glomar_Explorer_%28T-AG-193%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="521"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/USNS_Glomar_Explorer_%28T-AG-193%29.jpg/640px-USNS_Glomar_Explorer_%28T-AG-193%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="417"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Project Azorian - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Azorian"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Azorian"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Project_Azorian rootpage-Project_Azorian skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Project+Azorian" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Project+Azorian" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Project+Azorian" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Project+Azorian" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-The_wreck_of_K-129" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_wreck_of_K-129"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>The wreck of <i>K-129</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_wreck_of_K-129-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_Glomar_Explorer_and_its_cover_story" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_Glomar_Explorer_and_its_cover_story"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Building <i>Glomar Explorer</i> and its cover story</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_Glomar_Explorer_and_its_cover_story-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Recovery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_disclosure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_disclosure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Public disclosure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_disclosure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public disclosure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_disclosure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_New_York_Times_story" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_New_York_Times_story"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><i>The New York Times</i> story</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_New_York_Times_story-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FOIA_request_and_the_Glomar_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FOIA_request_and_the_Glomar_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>FOIA request and the Glomar response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FOIA_request_and_the_Glomar_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1998_release_of_video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1998_release_of_video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>1998 release of video</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1998_release_of_video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_release_of_1985_CIA_article" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_release_of_1985_CIA_article"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>2010 release of 1985 CIA article</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_release_of_1985_CIA_article-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_release_of_President_Ford_cabinet_meeting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_release_of_President_Ford_cabinet_meeting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>2010 release of President Ford cabinet meeting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_release_of_President_Ford_cabinet_meeting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conspiracy_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conspiracy_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Conspiracy theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conspiracy_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eyewitness_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eyewitness_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eyewitness accounts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eyewitness_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CIA_Museum_artifacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CIA_Museum_artifacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>CIA Museum artifacts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CIA_Museum_artifacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Documentaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Project Azorian</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مشروع أزوريان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشروع أزوريان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azorian_layih%C9%99si" title="Azorian layihəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Azorian layihəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azorian-Projekt" title="Azorian-Projekt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Azorian-Projekt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proyecto_Azorian" title="Proyecto Azorian – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Proyecto Azorian" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azorian_Proiektua" title="Azorian Proiektua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azorian Proiektua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projet_Azorian" title="Projet Azorian – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Projet Azorian" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F" title="פרויקט אזוריאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרויקט אזוריאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Azorian" title="Project Azorian – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Project Azorian" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8B%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC" title="プロジェクト・ジェニファー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロジェクト・ジェニファー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azorian" title="Azorian – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azorian" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%C2%BB" title="Проект «Азориан» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Проект «Азориан»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пројекат Азоријан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пројекат Азоријан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projekti_Azorian" title="Projekti Azorian – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Projekti Azorian" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%80%9F%E5%B0%94%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="亚速尔计划 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚速尔计划" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q794050#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project_Azorian" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Project_Azorian" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project_Azorian"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project_Azorian"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Project_Azorian" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Project_Azorian" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&oldid=1275630715" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Project_Azorian&id=1275630715&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProject_Azorian"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProject_Azorian"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Project_Azorian&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Project_Azorian" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q794050" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Project_Azorian&params=40.1_N_179.9_E_scale:50000000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°06′N</span> <span class="longitude">179°54′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.1°N 179.9°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.1; 179.9</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1974 CIA project to recover the sunken Soviet submarine K-129</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Project Azorian</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USNS_Glomar_Explorer_(T-AG-193).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/USNS_Glomar_Explorer_%28T-AG-193%29.jpg/300px-USNS_Glomar_Explorer_%28T-AG-193%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/USNS_Glomar_Explorer_%28T-AG-193%29.jpg/450px-USNS_Glomar_Explorer_%28T-AG-193%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/USNS_Glomar_Explorer_%28T-AG-193%29.jpg/600px-USNS_Glomar_Explorer_%28T-AG-193%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="833" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/Glomar_Explorer" title="Glomar Explorer">Hughes Glomar Explorer</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">1974</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;">16,500 feet (5,000 m) below the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Participants</th><td class="infobox-data attendee" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Outcome</th><td class="infobox-data description" style="text-align: left;">Successful recovery of a portion of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_submarine_K-129_(1960)" title="Soviet submarine K-129 (1960)">Soviet submarine K-129</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Project Azorian</b> (also called "Jennifer" by the press after its Top Secret Security Compartment)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a U.S. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (CIA) project to recover the sunken <a href="/wiki/Soviet_submarine_K-129_(1960)" title="Soviet submarine K-129 (1960)">Soviet submarine <i>K-129</i></a> from the Pacific Ocean floor in 1974 using the purpose-built ship <a href="/wiki/Glomar_Explorer" title="Glomar Explorer"><i>Hughes Glomar Explorer</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p30_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p30-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1968 sinking of <i>K-129</i> occurred about 1,560 miles (2,510 km) northwest of Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-StudiesIntell85_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StudiesIntell85-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Project Azorian was one of the most complex, expensive, and covert intelligence operations of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> at a cost of about $800 million, or $5.1 billion today. </p><p>The US designed the recovery ship and its lifting cradle using concepts developed with Global Marine (see <a href="/wiki/Project_Mohole" title="Project Mohole">Project Mohole</a>) that used their precision stability equipment to keep the ship nearly stationary above the target while lowering nearly three miles (4.8 km) of pipe. They worked with scientists to develop methods for preserving paper that had been underwater for years in hopes of being able to recover and read the submarine's codebooks. The reasons that this project was undertaken included the recovery of an intact <a href="/wiki/R-21_(missile)" title="R-21 (missile)">R-21</a> nuclear missile and cryptological documents and equipment. </p><p>The Soviet Union was unable to locate <i>K-129</i>, but the US determined its general location from data recorded by four <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Technical_Applications_Center" title="Air Force Technical Applications Center">Air Force Technical Applications Center</a> (AFTAC) sites and the Adak <a href="/wiki/SOSUS" title="SOSUS">Sound Surveillance System</a> (SOSUS) array. <span class="clarify-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">The US identified an acoustic event on March 8 that likely originated from an explosion aboard the submarine, and was able to determine the location to within five nautical miles (5.8 mi; 9.3 km).</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Clarify" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Did this take place after the US determined the general location, as described in the previous sentence? Or do both sentences describe the same process? (July 2024)">clarify</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The submarine <a href="/wiki/USS_Halibut_(SSGN-587)" title="USS Halibut (SSGN-587)">USS <i>Halibut</i></a> located the boat using the Fish, a towed, 12-foot (3.7 m), two-short-ton (1.8 t) collection of cameras, strobe lights, and sonar that was built to withstand extreme depths. The recovery operation in international waters about six years later used mining for <a href="/wiki/Manganese_nodule" title="Manganese nodule">manganese nodules</a> as its <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">cover story</a>. </p><p>The mining company and ship were nominally owned by reclusive billionaire <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hughes" title="Howard Hughes">Howard Hughes</a>, but secretly backed by the CIA, who paid for the construction of the <i><a href="/wiki/Glomar_Explorer" title="Glomar Explorer">Hughes Glomar Explorer</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship recovered a portion of <i>K-129</i>, but a mechanical failure in the grapple caused two-thirds of the recovered section to break off during recovery.<sup id="cite_ref-AzorianDVD_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AzorianDVD-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Netflix_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Netflix-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_wreck_of_K-129">The wreck of <i>K-129</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The wreck of K-129"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Target:_the_wreck_of_the_K-129"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_ballistic_missile_submarine_K-129.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Soviet_ballistic_missile_submarine_K-129.jpg/220px-Soviet_ballistic_missile_submarine_K-129.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Soviet_ballistic_missile_submarine_K-129.jpg/330px-Soviet_ballistic_missile_submarine_K-129.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Soviet_ballistic_missile_submarine_K-129.jpg/440px-Soviet_ballistic_missile_submarine_K-129.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>The <i>K-129</i> submarine</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Project_Azorian" title="Special:EditPage/Project Azorian">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Project+Azorian%22">"Project Azorian"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Project+Azorian%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Project+Azorian%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Project+Azorian%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Project+Azorian%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Project+Azorian%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On February 24, 1968, <i>K-129</i>, a Soviet <a href="/wiki/Golf-class_submarine" title="Golf-class submarine">Project 629A</a> <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">ballistic missile submarine</a> attached to the 15th Submarine Squadron of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Pacific_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Pacific Fleet">Soviet Pacific Fleet</a>, left Rybachiy Naval Base in <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamchatka">Kamchatka</a> on a routine missile patrol, the boat's third since completing a major modernization the previous year. On the first day, the sub cruised out to deep water, conducted a test dive, surfaced to radio in, and embarked for its patrol station. The sub was to make standard radio contact with its commanders in Kamchatka when crossing the <a href="/wiki/180th_meridian" title="180th meridian">180th meridian</a> and when arriving on station. But <i>K-129</i> missed its designated check-ins and did not respond to communication attempts. By the third week of March, the submarine was declared missing. </p><p>In April 1968, many <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Pacific_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Pacific Fleet">Soviet Pacific Fleet</a> surface and air assets deployed to the <a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="North Pacific Ocean">North Pacific Ocean</a>, performing unusual search operations. The activity was evaluated by the United States <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Intelligence" title="Office of Naval Intelligence">Office of Naval Intelligence</a> (ONI) as a possible reaction to the loss of a Soviet submarine. Soviet surface ship searches were centered on a location known to be associated with Soviet <a href="/wiki/Golf-class_submarine" title="Golf-class submarine">Golf II-class</a> strategic ballistic missile (SSB) diesel submarine patrol routes. These submarines carried three nuclear missiles in an extended sail/conning tower, and routinely deployed within missile range of the US west coast. After weeks of searching, the Soviets were unable to locate the sunken boat, and Soviet Pacific Fleet operations gradually returned to normal. </p><p>The US Navy analyzed acoustic data recorded by the <a href="/wiki/SOSUS" title="SOSUS">SOSUS</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydrophone" title="Hydrophone">hydrophone</a> network in the northern Pacific—four AFTAC sites and the <a href="/wiki/Adak,_Alaska" title="Adak, Alaska">Adak, Alaska</a> SOSUS array—and found evidence of the implosion that had sunk the Russian sub.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Naval_Facility_Point_Sur" title="Naval Facility Point Sur">Naval Facility (NAVFAC) Point Sur</a>, south of <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey, California</a>, isolated a sonic signature on its low-frequency array recordings of an implosion that had occurred on March 8, 1968. Using NavFac Point Sur's date and time of the event, <a href="/wiki/NavFac_Adak" class="mw-redirect" title="NavFac Adak">NavFac Adak</a> and the US West Coast NAVFAC were also able to isolate the acoustic event. With five SOSUS lines-of-bearing, Naval Intelligence was able to localize the site of the <i>K-129</i> wreck to the vicinity of 40.1° N latitude and 179.9° E longitude (close to the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-AzorianDVD_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AzorianDVD-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Model_of_the_sunken_and_deteriorated_K-129_submarine_was_created_by_the_CIA_during_the_AZORIAN_mission_that_has_never_been_displayed_before_at_the_CIA_Museum_in_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Model_of_the_sunken_and_deteriorated_K-129_submarine_was_created_by_the_CIA_during_the_AZORIAN_mission_that_has_never_been_displayed_before_at_the_CIA_Museum_in_2022.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Model_of_the_sunken_and_deteriorated_K-129_submarine_was_created_by_the_CIA_during_the_AZORIAN_mission_that_has_never_been_displayed_before_at_the_CIA_Museum_in_2022.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Model_of_the_sunken_and_deteriorated_K-129_submarine_was_created_by_the_CIA_during_the_AZORIAN_mission_that_has_never_been_displayed_before_at_the_CIA_Museum_in_2022.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3598" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>The model of the sunken and deteriorated K-129 submarine</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 1968, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> began "Operation Sand Dollar" with the deployment of <a href="/wiki/USS_Halibut_(SSGN-587)" title="USS Halibut (SSGN-587)">USS <i>Halibut</i></a> from <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a> to the wreck site. Sand Dollar's objective was to find and photograph <i>K-129</i>. In 1968 <i>Halibut</i>, which had been configured to use deep submergence search equipment, was the US Navy's only such specially-equipped submarine. <i>Halibut</i> located the wreck after three weeks of visual search using robotic remote-controlled cameras. (It took almost five months of search to find the wreck of the US nuclear-powered submarine <a href="/wiki/USS_Scorpion_(SSN-589)" title="USS Scorpion (SSN-589)"><i>Scorpion</i></a> in the Atlantic, also in 1968). <i>Halibut</i> is reported to have spent the next several weeks taking more than 20,000 closeup photos of every aspect of the <i>K-129</i> wreck, a feat for which <i>Halibut</i> received a special classified <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(United_States)" title="Presidential Unit Citation (United States)">Presidential Unit Citation</a> signed by <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> in 1968. </p><p>The photos were sent to the <a href="/wiki/National_Photographic_Interpretation_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="National Photographic Interpretation Center">National Photographic Interpretation Center</a> at the CIA to determine what, if anything, could be determined about the status of the wreck. CIA analysts wrote a report indicating that there was a good probability that the nuclear missile in the #3 missile tube was still intact.<sup id="cite_ref-Netflix_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Netflix-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1970, based upon this photography, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Defense Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Laird" title="Melvin Laird">Melvin Laird</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>, then <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a>, proposed a clandestine plan to recover the wreckage so that the US could study Soviet nuclear missile technology, as well as possibly recover <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptographic</a> materials. The proposal was accepted by President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, and the CIA was tasked to attempt the recovery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building_Glomar_Explorer_and_its_cover_story">Building <i>Glomar Explorer</i> and its cover story</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Building Glomar Explorer and its cover story"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Glomar_Explorer" title="Glomar Explorer">Glomar Explorer</a></div> <p>Global Marine Development Inc., the research and development arm of Global Marine Inc., a pioneer in deepwater offshore drilling operations, was contracted to design, build and operate <i>Hughes Glomar Explorer</i> to secretly salvage the sunken Soviet submarine. The ship was built at the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Shipbuilding" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Shipbuilding">Sun Shipbuilding</a> yard near Philadelphia. Billionaire businessman <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hughes" title="Howard Hughes">Howard Hughes</a> – whose companies were already contractors on numerous classified <a href="/wiki/US_military" class="mw-redirect" title="US military">US military</a> weapons, aircraft and satellite contracts<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> – agreed to lend his name to the project to support the cover story that the ship was mining <a href="/wiki/Manganese_nodules" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganese nodules">manganese nodules</a> from the ocean floor, but Hughes and his companies had no actual involvement in the project. <i>K-129</i> was photographed at a depth of over 16,000 feet (4,900 m), and thus the salvage operation would be well beyond the depth of any ship salvage operation ever attempted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On November 1, 1972, work began on the 63,000-short-ton (57,000 t), 619-foot-long (189 m) <i><a href="/wiki/USNS_Glomar_Explorer_(T-AG-193)" class="mw-redirect" title="USNS Glomar Explorer (T-AG-193)">Hughes Glomar Explorer</a></i> (HGE). </p><p>At least two preparatory missions were carried out in the general area of the recovery site using other ships. From September 1970 to January 1971, the drilling ship GLOMAR II collected site data as part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_AXMINSTER&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Project AXMINSTER (page does not exist)">Project AXMINSTER</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From January to July 1972, the R.V. SEASCOPE surveyed the general area to within 45 nm of the recovery site. Both missions also probed the Soviet reactions to research ships in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Memo19740528_KIss_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memo19740528_KIss-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary objective was to recover a major portion of the submarine. In particular, the <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Board" title="National Intelligence Board">United States Intelligence Board</a> (USIB) expected to recover <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptographic</a> equipment, a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear warhead">nuclear warhead</a>, a <a href="/wiki/SS-N-5" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-N-5">SS-N-5</a> missile, the <a href="/wiki/Navigation_system" title="Navigation system">navigation system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fire_control_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire control system">fire control system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">sonar</a> system, <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">ASW</a> countermeasures, and related documentation.<sup id="cite_ref-Memo19740528_KIss_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memo19740528_KIss-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recovery">Recovery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Hughes Glomar Explorer</i> employed a large mechanical claw, which <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Shipbuilding_and_Construction_Company" title="Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company">Lockheed</a> officially titled the "Capture Vehicle" but affectionately called <i>Clementine</i>. The capture vehicle was designed to be lowered to the ocean floor, grasp the targeted submarine section, and then lift that section into the ship's <a href="/wiki/Moon_pool" title="Moon pool">moon pool</a> for processing. One requirement of this technology was to keep the floating base stable and in position over a fixed point 16,000 feet (4,900 m) below the ocean surface. </p><p>The capture vehicle was lowered and raised on a pipe string similar to those used on oil drilling rigs. Section by section, pairs of 30-foot (9.1 m) steel pipes were strung together to lower the claw through a hole in the middle of the ship. This configuration was designed by Western Gear Corp. of <a href="/wiki/Everett,_Washington" title="Everett, Washington">Everett, Washington</a>. Upon a successful capture by the claw, the lift reversed the process: 60-foot (18 m) pairs drawn up and removed one at a time. The salvaged "Target Object" was thus to be drawn into the moon pool in the center of the vessel, the doors of which could then be closed to form a floor for the salvaged section. This allowed for the entire salvage process to take place underwater, away from the view of other ships, aircraft, or spy satellites. </p><p><i>Hughes Glomar Explorer</i> arrived at the recovery site (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Project_Azorian&params=40.1_N_179.9_E_scale:50000000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°06′N</span> <span class="longitude">179°54′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.1°N 179.9°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.1; 179.9</span></span></span></a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-prc_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prc-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on July 4, 1974, after departing from <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a>, on June 20, and sailing 3,008 nautical miles (5,571 km). The ship conducted salvage operations for over a month. During this period, at least two Soviet Navy ships visited <i>Hughes Glomar Explorer</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s work site, the oceangoing <a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">tugboat</a> <i>SB-10</i>, and the Soviet missile range instrumentation ship <i>Chazma</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-StudiesIntell85_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StudiesIntell85-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was found out after 1991 that the Soviets were tipped off about the operation and were aware that the CIA was planning some kind of salvage operation, but the military command believed it impossible that they could perform such a task and disregarded further intelligence warnings. Later, Soviet Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Dobrynin" title="Anatoly Dobrynin">Anatoly Dobrynin</a> started sending urgent messages back to the Soviet Navy warning that an operation was imminent. Soviet military engineering experts reevaluated their positions and claimed that it was indeed possible (though highly unlikely) to recover <i>K-129</i>, and ships in the area were ordered to report any unusual activity, although the lack of knowledge as to where <i>K-129</i> was located impeded their ability to stop any salvage operation.<sup id="cite_ref-AzorianDVD_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AzorianDVD-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>US Army Major General <a href="/wiki/Roland_Lajoie" title="Roland Lajoie">Roland Lajoie</a> stated that, according to a briefing he received by the CIA during recovery operations, <i>Clementine</i> suffered a catastrophic failure, causing two-thirds of the already raised portion of <i>K-129</i> to sink back to the ocean floor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Former Lockheed and Hughes Global Marine employees who worked on the operation have stated that several of the "claws" intended to grab the submarine fractured, possibly because they were manufactured from <a href="/wiki/Maraging_steel" title="Maraging steel">maraging steel</a>, which is very <a href="/wiki/Tensile_strength" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensile strength">strong</a>, but not very <a href="/wiki/Ductility" title="Ductility">ductile</a> compared with other kinds of steel.<sup id="cite_ref-AzorianDVD_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AzorianDVD-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Video evidence and eyewitness reports have stated that multiple claws of Clementine sheared off, causing a 100-foot (30 m) section of the submarine to fall back to the seafloor.<sup id="cite_ref-Netflix_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Netflix-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eyewitnesses have stated that only the 38-foot (12 m) bow section was raised, while the sail portion containing the nuclear missiles was lost during the raising operation.<sup id="cite_ref-Netflix_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Netflix-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm/220px--Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="844" data-mwtitle="Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm/Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm/Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm/Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm/Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm/Burial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ABurial_At_Sea_of_Soviet_Submariners_from_Hughes_Glomar_Explorer.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>This is a video from the CIA for when they buried those who lost their lives in K-129</figcaption></figure> <p>The recovered section included two <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_torpedo" title="Nuclear torpedo">nuclear torpedoes</a>, and thus Project Azorian was not a complete failure. The bodies of six crewmen were also recovered, and were given a memorial service and with military honors, <a href="/wiki/Burial_at_sea" title="Burial at sea">buried at sea</a> in a metal casket because of radioactivity concerns. Other crew members have reported that code books and other materials of apparent interest to CIA employees aboard the vessel were recovered, <span class="original-research-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">and images of inventory printouts exhibited in the documentary<sup id="cite_ref-AzorianDVD_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AzorianDVD-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggest that various submarine components, such as hatch covers, instruments and sonar equipment were also recovered.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material highlighted possibly contains original research. (July 2024)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> White's documentary also states that the <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_bell" title="Ship's bell">ship's bell</a> from <i>K-129</i> was recovered, and was subsequently returned to the Soviet Union as part of a diplomatic effort. The CIA considered the project one of the greatest intelligence coups of the Cold War.<sup id="cite_ref-intel_coup_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intel_coup-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The entire salvage operation was recorded by a CIA documentary film crew, but this film remains classified. A short portion of the film, showing the recovery and subsequent burial at sea of the six bodies recovered in the forward section of <i>K-129</i>, was given to the Russian government in 1992. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_disclosure">Public disclosure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Public disclosure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_New_York_Times_story"><i>The New York Times</i> story</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The New York Times story"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time Magazine</a></i> credited <a href="/wiki/Jack_Anderson_(columnist)" title="Jack Anderson (columnist)">Jack Anderson</a> as breaking the story in a March 1975 radio broadcast.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Robarge_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robarge-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rejecting a plea from the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Colby" title="William Colby">William Colby</a> to suppress the story, Anderson said he released the story because "Navy experts have told us that the sunken sub contains no real secrets and that the project, therefore, is a waste of the taxpayers' money."<sup id="cite_ref-Robarge_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robarge-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1975, investigative reporter and former <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> writer <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Hersh" title="Seymour Hersh">Seymour Hersh</a> had planned to publish a story on Project Azorian. <a href="/wiki/Bill_Kovach" title="Bill Kovach">Bill Kovach</a>, the <i>New York Times</i> Washington bureau chief at the time, said in 2005 that the government offered a convincing argument to delay publication – exposure at that time, while the project was ongoing, "would have caused an international incident." <i>The New York Times</i> published its account in March 1975,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after a story appeared in the <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, and included a five-paragraph explanation of the many twists and turns in the path to publication.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CIA director <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> reported on several occasions to U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> on media reports and the future use of the ship.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CIA concluded that it seemed unclear what, if any, action was taken by the Soviet Union after learning of the story.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FOIA_request_and_the_Glomar_response">FOIA request and the Glomar response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: FOIA request and the Glomar response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After stories had been published about the CIA's attempts to stop publication of information about Project Azorian, <a href="/wiki/Hank_Phillippi_Ryan" title="Hank Phillippi Ryan">Harriet Ann Phillippi</a>, a journalist, filed a <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a> (FOIA) request with the CIA for any records about the CIA's attempts. The CIA refused to either confirm or deny the existence of such documents.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of non-responsive reply has since come to be known as the "<a href="/wiki/Glomar_response" title="Glomar response">Glomar response</a>" or "Glomarization".<sup id="cite_ref-FOIA1986_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOIA1986-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1998_release_of_video">1998 release of video</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1998 release of video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A video showing the 1974 memorial services for the six Soviet seamen whose bodies were recovered by Project Azorian was forwarded by the U.S. to <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> in the early 1990s. Portions of this video were shown on television documentaries concerning Project Azorian, including a 1998 <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a> special called <i>A Matter of National Security</i> (based on Clyde W. Burleson's book, <i>The Jennifer Project</i> (1977)) and again in 1999, on a PBS Cold War submarine episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (American TV series)">NOVA</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_release_of_1985_CIA_article">2010 release of 1985 CIA article</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2010 release of 1985 CIA article"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2010, the CIA released an article from the fall 1985 edition of the CIA internal journal <i><a href="/wiki/Studies_in_Intelligence" title="Studies in Intelligence">Studies in Intelligence</a></i> following an application by researcher Matthew Aid at the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Archive" title="National Security Archive">National Security Archive</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to declassify the information under the Freedom of Information Act. Exactly what the operation managed to salvage remained unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report was written by an unidentified participant in Project Azorian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_release_of_President_Ford_cabinet_meeting">2010 release of President Ford cabinet meeting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2010 release of President Ford cabinet meeting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">James R. Schlesinger</a>, Philip Buchen (Counsel to the President), <a href="/wiki/John_O._Marsh,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John O. Marsh, Jr.">John O. Marsh, Jr.</a> (Counselor to the President), Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a>, USAF Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Brent_Scowcroft" title="Brent Scowcroft">Brent Scowcroft</a> (Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs), and <a href="/wiki/William_Colby" title="William Colby">William Colby</a> (Director of Central Intelligence) discussed the leak and whether the Ford administration would react to Hersh's story in a cabinet meeting on March 19, 1975, the same day that <i>The New York Times</i> published the story. Secretary of Defense Schlesinger is quoted as saying, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>This episode has been a major American accomplishment. The operation is a marvel – technically, and with maintaining secrecy.<sup id="cite_ref-cabinetmeeting_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabinetmeeting-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doc3_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doc3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Schlesinger indicated at least some form of success that should be confirmed publicly.<sup id="cite_ref-declassified_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-declassified-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CIA Director William Colby dissented, recalling the <a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">U-2 crisis</a>, saying: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I think we should not put the Soviet Union under such pressure to respond.<sup id="cite_ref-cabinetmeeting_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabinetmeeting-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doc3_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doc3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The <i>Los Angeles Times</i> published a four-page story the next day by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nelson_(journalist)" title="Jack Nelson (journalist)">Jack Nelson</a> with the headline "Administration Won't Talk About Sub Raised by CIA."<sup id="cite_ref-declassified_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-declassified-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conspiracy_theory">Conspiracy theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Conspiracy theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i> magazine</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a court filing by Felice D. Cohen and <a href="/wiki/Morton_H._Halperin" class="mw-redirect" title="Morton H. Halperin">Morton H. Halperin</a> on behalf of the Military Audit Project <sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggest that the alleged project goal of raising a Soviet submarine might itself have been a cover story for another secret mission. Tapping undersea communication cables, the cover up of an assassination, the discovery of Atlantis, the installation of a missile silo, and installation and repair of <a href="/wiki/SOSUS" title="SOSUS">surveillance systems to monitor ship and submarine movements</a> are listed as possibilities for the actual purpose of such a secret mission.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eyewitness_accounts">Eyewitness accounts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Eyewitness accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W. Craig Reed told an inside account of Project Azorian in his book <i>Red November: Inside the Secret U.S. – Soviet Submarine War</i> (2010). The account was provided by Joe Houston, the senior engineer who designed leading-edge camera systems used by the <i>Hughes Glomar Explorer</i> team to photograph <i>K-129</i> on the ocean floor. The team needed pictures that offered precise measurements to design the grappling arm and other systems used to bring the sunken submarine up from the bottom. Houston worked for the mysterious "Mr. P" (John Parangosky) who worked for CIA Deputy Director <a href="/wiki/Carl_E._Duckett" title="Carl E. Duckett">Carl E. Duckett</a>, the two leaders of Project Azorian. Duckett later worked with Houston at another company, and intimated that the CIA may have recovered much more from the <i>K-129</i> than admitted publicly. Reed also details how the deep submergence towed sonar array<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> technology was used for subsequent <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ivy_Bells" title="Operation Ivy Bells">Operation Ivy Bells</a> missions to wiretap underwater Soviet communications cables. </p><p>The documentary film <i>Azorian: The Raising Of The K-129</i> features interviews with Sherman Wetmore, Global Marine heavy lift operations manager; Charlie Johnson, Global Marine heavy lift engineer; and Raymond Feldman, Lockheed Ocean Systems senior staff engineer. They were the three principals in the design of the <i>Hughes Glomar Explorer</i> heavy lift system and the Lockheed capture vehicle (CV or claw). They were also on board the ship during the mission and were intimately involved with the recovery operation. They confirmed that only 38 ft (12 m) of the bow was eventually recovered. The intent was to recover the forward two thirds (138 ft [42 m]) of <i>K-129</i>, which had broken off from the rear section of the submarine and was designated the Target Object (TO). The capture vehicle successfully lifted the TO from the ocean floor, but a failure of part of the capture vehicle on the way up caused the loss of 100 ft (30 m) of the TO, including the sail. <a href="/wiki/Norman_Polmar" title="Norman Polmar">Norman Polmar</a> and Michael White published <i>Project Azorian: The CIA And The Raising of the K-129</i> in 2010. The book contains additional documentary evidence about the effort to locate the submarine and the recovery operation.<sup id="cite_ref-AzorianDVD_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AzorianDVD-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="CIA_Museum_artifacts">CIA Museum artifacts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: CIA Museum artifacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> A number of artifacts from Project Azorian and <i>Glomar Explorer</i> are on display at the <a href="/wiki/CIA_Museum" title="CIA Museum">CIA Museum</a>. The museum has shared declassified images and video featuring the artifacts through its website; however the physical grounds of the museum are on the compound of the <a href="/wiki/George_Bush_Center_for_Intelligence" title="George Bush Center for Intelligence">George Bush Center for Intelligence</a> and thus physically inaccessible to the public.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1065px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Painting-of-AZORIAN-mission-approved.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sherman Wetmore, lead engineer on the Glomar Explorer, looking at an oil painting of the ship raising the Soviet submarine."><img alt="Sherman Wetmore, lead engineer on the Glomar Explorer, looking at an oil painting of the ship raising the Soviet submarine." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Painting-of-AZORIAN-mission-approved.jpg/135px-Painting-of-AZORIAN-mission-approved.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Painting-of-AZORIAN-mission-approved.jpg/203px-Painting-of-AZORIAN-mission-approved.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Painting-of-AZORIAN-mission-approved.jpg/271px-Painting-of-AZORIAN-mission-approved.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="709" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sherman Wetmore, lead engineer on the Glomar Explorer, looking at an oil painting of the ship raising the Soviet submarine.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherman_Wetmore_poses_next_to_a_collection_of_Project_AZORIAN_artifacts_on_display.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sherman Wetmore poses next to a collection of Project AZORIAN artifacts on display."><img alt="Sherman Wetmore poses next to a collection of Project AZORIAN artifacts on display." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sherman_Wetmore_poses_next_to_a_collection_of_Project_AZORIAN_artifacts_on_display.jpg/98px-Sherman_Wetmore_poses_next_to_a_collection_of_Project_AZORIAN_artifacts_on_display.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sherman_Wetmore_poses_next_to_a_collection_of_Project_AZORIAN_artifacts_on_display.jpg/147px-Sherman_Wetmore_poses_next_to_a_collection_of_Project_AZORIAN_artifacts_on_display.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sherman_Wetmore_poses_next_to_a_collection_of_Project_AZORIAN_artifacts_on_display.jpg/196px-Sherman_Wetmore_poses_next_to_a_collection_of_Project_AZORIAN_artifacts_on_display.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="981" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sherman Wetmore poses next to a collection of Project AZORIAN artifacts on display.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glomar_Manganese_Nodule_Encased_in_Lucite.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of the manganese nodules that Glomar recovered from the Pacific, now encased in lucite."><img alt="One of the manganese nodules that Glomar recovered from the Pacific, now encased in lucite." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Glomar_Manganese_Nodule_Encased_in_Lucite.jpg/170px-Glomar_Manganese_Nodule_Encased_in_Lucite.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Glomar_Manganese_Nodule_Encased_in_Lucite.jpg/255px-Glomar_Manganese_Nodule_Encased_in_Lucite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Glomar_Manganese_Nodule_Encased_in_Lucite.jpg/340px-Glomar_Manganese_Nodule_Encased_in_Lucite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of the manganese nodules that Glomar recovered from the Pacific, now encased in lucite.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glomar_Patch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hughes Glomar / Summa Corporation crew patch"><img alt="Hughes Glomar / Summa Corporation crew patch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Glomar_Patch.jpg/170px-Glomar_Patch.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Glomar_Patch.jpg/255px-Glomar_Patch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Glomar_Patch.jpg/340px-Glomar_Patch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hughes Glomar / Summa Corporation crew patch</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm/170px--The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="170" height="97" data-durationhint="143" data-mwtitle="The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="840" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1260" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1890" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1890" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="420" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="630" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm/The_Debrief_Behind_The_Artifact_Glomar.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="630" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A video discussing the Glomar Explorer, produced as part of the CIA Debrief series on YouTube</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentaries">Documentaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Documentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The documentary film <i>Azorian: The Raising Of The K-129</i> was produced by Michael White and released in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spy Ops: Project Azorian (Season 1, Episode 8) is a short documentary also produced by Michael White which adds some details to his earlier work. Two former CIA officials (Robert Wallace, John Cardwell) make their appearance in this film for Netflix.<sup id="cite_ref-Netflix_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Netflix-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Neither Confirm Nor Deny</i> is a documentary on Project Azorian.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes/nCnD-review_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes/nCnD-review-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes/deny-review_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes/deny-review-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-978-0-231-55032-1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-978-0-231-55032-1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hollywoodreporter/4091883_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hollywoodreporter/4091883-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_L55" title="HMS L55">HMS L55</a>, a British submarine sunk in 1919 and raised by the Soviets in 1928</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Poseidon" title="HMS Poseidon">HMS <i>Poseidon</i></a>, a British submarine sunk in 1931 and secretly raised by China in 1972</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Mining_Barge" title="Hughes Mining Barge">Hughes Mining Barge</a></i>, a submersible barge designed to keep the <i>Glomar Explorer'</i>s true nature secret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Laundry_Files#The_Jennifer_Morgue" title="The Laundry Files"><i>The Jennifer Morgue</i></a> novel by Charles Stross, uses the <i>K-129</i> scenario as a basis for supernatural horror.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Turtledove_bibliography" title="Harry Turtledove bibliography"> <i>Three Miles Down</i></a> novel by Harry Turtledove, based on Project Azorian.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sunken_nuclear_submarines" title="List of sunken nuclear submarines">List of sunken nuclear submarines</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAidBurrBlanton2010" class="citation web cs1">Aid, Matthew; Burr, William; Blanton, Thomas (February 12, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nukevault/ebb305/">"Project Azorian: The CIA's Declassified History of the Glomar Explorer"</a>. The National Security Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100603102439/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nukevault/ebb305/">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2010</span> – via GWU.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Project+Azorian%3A+The+CIA%27s+Declassified+History+of+the+Glomar+Explorer&rft.pub=The+National+Security+Archive&rft.date=2010-02-12&rft.aulast=Aid&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Burr%2C+William&rft.au=Blanton%2C+Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwu.edu%2F~nsarchiv%2Fnukevault%2Febb305%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p30-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p30_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wiegley, Roger D., LT (JAG) USN "The Recovered Sunken Warship: Raising a Legal Question" <i>United States Naval Institute Proceedings</i> January 1979 p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/deep_sea_mining">The secret on the ocean floor</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918072757/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/deep_sea_mining">Archived</a> September 18, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. David Shukman, <i>BBC News</i>. February 19, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StudiesIntell85-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StudiesIntell85_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StudiesIntell85_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nukevault/ebb305/doc01.pdf">"Project Azorian: The Story of the Hughes Glomar Explorer"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Studies in Intelligence, <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>. Fall 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120131100657/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nukevault/ebb305/doc01.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 31, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Project+Azorian%3A+The+Story+of+the+Hughes+Glomar+Explorer&rft.pub=Studies+in+Intelligence%2C+CIA&rft.date=1985&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwu.edu%2F~nsarchiv%2Fnukevault%2Febb305%2Fdoc01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPolmarWhite2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Polmar" title="Norman Polmar">Polmar, Norman</a>; White, Michael (2010). <i>Project Azorian: the CIA and the Raising of the K-129</i>. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-690-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-690-2"><bdi>978-1-59114-690-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Project+Azorian%3A+the+CIA+and+the+Raising+of+the+K-129&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+MD&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59114-690-2&rft.aulast=Polmar&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.au=White%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AzorianDVD-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AzorianDVD_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AzorianDVD_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AzorianDVD_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AzorianDVD_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AzorianDVD_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AzorianDVD_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Michael White (February 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205063115/http://projectjennifer.at/"><i>Azorian: The Raising of the K-129</i></a> (DVD). Michael White Films. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0047H7PYQ">B0047H7PYQ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1591146902" title="Special:BookSources/978-1591146902"><bdi>978-1591146902</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.projectjennifer.at">the original</a> on February 5, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Azorian%3A+The+Raising+of+the+K-129&rft.pub=Michael+White+Films&rft.date=2011-02-08&rft.isbn=978-1591146902&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0047H7PYQ%23id-name%3DASIN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.projectjennifer.at&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Netflix-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Netflix_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Netflix_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Netflix_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Netflix_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Netflix_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt29026398/">Spy Ops: Project Azorian Episode aired Sep 8, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v35/d186">"186. Memorandum to the Chairman of the 40 Committee (Kissinger)"</a>. <i>Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XXXV, National Security Policy, 1973–1976</i>. May 28, 1974. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230822120303/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v35/d186">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Relations+of+the+United+States%2C+1969%E2%80%931976%2C+Volume+XXXV%2C+National+Security+Policy%2C+1973%E2%80%931976&rft.atitle=186.+Memorandum+to+the+Chairman+of+the+40+Committee+%28Kissinger%29&rft.date=1974-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1969-76v35%2Fd186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Memo19740528_KIss-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Memo19740528_KIss_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memo19740528_KIss_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v35/d186">"Memorandum to the Chairman of the 40 Committee (Kissinger)"</a>. <i>Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976</i>. <b>XXXV</b>. May 28, 1974. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230822120303/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v35/d186">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Relations+of+the+United+States%2C+1969%E2%80%931976&rft.atitle=Memorandum+to+the+Chairman+of+the+40+Committee+%28Kissinger%29&rft.volume=XXXV&rft.date=1974-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1969-76v35%2Fd186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prc-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prc_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prc68.com/I/crypto.shtml">The Project Azorian video by Michael White has these coordinates confirmed by other sources</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-intel_coup-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-intel_coup_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927005022/https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/cia-museum/experience-the-collection/text-version/stories/project-azorian.html">"Project AZORIAN"</a>. CIA. November 21, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/cia-museum/experience-the-collection/text-version/stories/project-azorian.html">the original</a> on September 27, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Project+AZORIAN&rft.pub=CIA&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fabout-cia%2Fcia-museum%2Fexperience-the-collection%2Ftext-version%2Fstories%2Fproject-azorian.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,879475-1,00.html">"The Press: Show and Tell? (Monday, Mar. 31, 1975)"</a>. <i>Time</i>. March 31, 1975. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408202541/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,879475-1,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Press%3A+Show+and+Tell%3F+%28Monday%2C+Mar.+31%2C+1975%29&rft.date=1975-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2F0%2C33009%2C879475-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robarge-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robarge_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robarge_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobarge2012" class="citation journal cs1">Robarge, David (March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA585911.pdf">"The <i>Glomar Explorer</i> in Film and Print"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Studies in Intelligence</i>. <b>56</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">28–</span>29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220412005000/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA585911.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Intelligence&rft.atitle=The+Glomar+Explorer+in+Film+and+Print&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E28-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.date=2012-03&rft.aulast=Robarge&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fsti%2Fpdfs%2FADA585911.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phelan, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0716FF395E157493C5AB1788D85F418785F9&scp=3&sq=Glomar%20Hughes&st=cse">"An Easy Burglary Led to the Disclosure of Hughes-C.I.A. Plan to Salvage Soviet Sub" (fee)</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> March 27, 1975, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManjoo2005" class="citation web cs1">Manjoo, Farhad (December 22, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salon.com/2005/12/22/nytimes_8/">"Prying open the Times"</a>. <i>Salon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921061814/https://www.salon.com/2005/12/22/nytimes_8/">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=Prying+open+the+Times&rft.date=2005-12-22&rft.aulast=Manjoo&rft.aufirst=Farhad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2005%2F12%2F22%2Fnytimes_8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBush1976" class="citation web cs1">Bush, George H.W. (December 2, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817012757/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000191287.pdf">"Meeting with the President, Oval Office, 1. December 1976, 9:00 to 9:30 a.m."</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000191287.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 17, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meeting+with+the+President%2C+Oval+Office%2C+1.+December+1976%2C+9%3A00+to+9%3A30+a.m.&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=1976-12-02&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=George+H.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FDOC_0000191287.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBush1976" class="citation web cs1">Bush, George H.W. (July 12, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817062928/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000191284.pdf">"Meeting with the President, Oval Office, 12. July 1976, 8:00 a.m."</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000191284.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 17, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meeting+with+the+President%2C+Oval+Office%2C+12.+July+1976%2C+8%3A00+a.m.&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=1976-07-12&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=George+H.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FDOC_0000191284.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101105124652/http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000283807/DOC_0000283807.pdf">"Implications for US-Soviet Relations of Certain Soviet Activities: Microwaves in Moscow (section 13)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Central Intelligence Agency. June 1976. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000283807/DOC_0000283807.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 5, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Implications+for+US-Soviet+Relations+of+Certain+Soviet+Activities%3A+Microwaves+in+Moscow+%28section+13%29&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=1976-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foia.cia.gov%2Fdocs%2FDOC_0000283807%2FDOC_0000283807.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philippi v. CIA (Turner et al.), U.S. Court of Appeals, 211 U.S. App. D.D. 95, June 25, 1981</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOIA1986-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOIA1986_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFOIA_Update,_Vol._VII,_No._1,_Page_31986" class="citation web cs1">FOIA Update, Vol. VII, No. 1, Page 3 (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usdoj.gov/oip/foia_updates/Vol_VII_1/page3.htm">"OIP Guidance: Privacy 'Glomarization'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. United States Department of Justice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090724101407/http://www.usdoj.gov/oip/foia_updates/Vol_VII_1/page3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OIP+Guidance%3A+Privacy+%27Glomarization%27&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Justice&rft.date=1986&rft.au=FOIA+Update%2C+Vol.+VII%2C+No.+1%2C+Page+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usdoj.gov%2Foip%2Ffoia_updates%2FVol_VII_1%2Fpage3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clydewburleson.com/work2.htm">"Clyde W, Burleson, author, "The Jennifer Project", 1977"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708165755/http://www.clydewburleson.com/work2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clyde+W%2C+Burleson%2C+author%2C+%22The+Jennifer+Project%22%2C+1977&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clydewburleson.com%2Fwork2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/subsecrets/">"PBS, <i>Nova</i>, "Submarines, Secrets and Spies". Broadcast January, 1999"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170618183135/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/subsecrets/">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=PBS%2C+Nova%2C+%22Submarines%2C+Secrets+and+Spies%22.+Broadcast+January%2C+1999.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fnova%2Fsubsecrets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCalvin_Woodward2010" class="citation news cs1">Calvin Woodward (February 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-gone-fishing-secret-hunt-for-a-sunken-soviet-sub-2010feb13-story.html">"Gone fishing: Secret hunt for a sunken Soviet sub"</a>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170328195816/http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-gone-fishing-secret-hunt-for-a-sunken-soviet-sub-2010feb13-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gone+fishing%3A+Secret+hunt+for+a+sunken+Soviet+sub&rft.date=2010-02-13&rft.au=Calvin+Woodward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegouniontribune.com%2Fsdut-gone-fishing-secret-hunt-for-a-sunken-soviet-sub-2010feb13-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/7237002/US-admits-salvaging-sunken-Soviet-submarine.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"US admits salvaging sunken Soviet submarine – The American government has finally revealed details of a secret mission to raise a sunken Soviet submarine"</a>. February 14, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171225075309/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/7237002/US-admits-salvaging-sunken-Soviet-submarine.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22US+admits+salvaging+sunken+Soviet+submarine+%E2%80%93+The+American+government+has+finally+revealed+details+of+a+secret+mission+to+raise+a+sunken+Soviet+submarine&rft.date=2010-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fnorthamerica%2Fusa%2F7237002%2FUS-admits-salvaging-sunken-Soviet-submarine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cabinetmeeting-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cabinetmeeting_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabinetmeeting_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsarchive.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/glomar.pdf">"Matador Meeting"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131006025318/http://nsarchive.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/glomar.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 6, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Matador+Meeting&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnsarchive.files.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F06%2Fglomar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doc3-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Doc3_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Doc3_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nukevault/ebb305/doc03.pdf">memorandum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120816063212/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nukevault/ebb305/doc03.pdf">Archived</a> August 16, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> nsarchiv</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-declassified-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-declassified_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-declassified_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsarchive.wordpress.com/2012/06/15/document-friday-the-origins-of-glomar-declassified/">Document Friday: The Origins of "Glomar" Declassified</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619093301/http://nsarchive.wordpress.com/2012/06/15/document-friday-the-origins-of-glomar-declassified/">Archived</a> June 19, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, William Burr, June 15, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130204225855/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,879453,00.html">"Espionage: The Great Submarine Snatch"</a>. Time Magazine. March 31, 1975. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,879453,00.html">the original</a> on February 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Espionage%3A+The+Great+Submarine+Snatch&rft.date=1975-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fprintout%2F0%2C8816%2C879453%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leagle.com/decision/19811380656F2d724_11252">"Military Audit Project v. | 656 F.2d 724 (1981) | f2d72411252 | Leagle.com"</a>. <i>Leagle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504010619/http://www.leagle.com/decision/19811380656F2d724_11252">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leagle&rft.atitle=Military+Audit+Project+v.+%7C+656+F.2d+724+%281981%29+%7C+f2d72411252+%7C+Leagle.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leagle.com%2Fdecision%2F19811380656F2d724_11252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325093649/http://ftp.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/656/656.F2d.724.80-1110.html#fn2_ref">"656 F.2d 724; 211 U.S.App.D.C. 135, 7 Media L. Rep. 1708: Military Audit Project, Felice D. Cohen, Morton H. Halperin, Appellants, v. William Casey, Director of Central Intelligence, et al.; No. 80-1110"</a>. United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit. 1981. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/656/656.F2d.724.80-1110.html#fn2_ref">the original</a> on March 25, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=656+F.2d+724%3B+211+U.S.App.D.C.+135%2C+7+Media+L.+Rep.+1708%3A+Military+Audit+Project%2C+Felice+D.+Cohen%2C+Morton+H.+Halperin%2C+Appellants%2C+v.+William+Casey%2C+Director+of+Central+Intelligence%2C+et+al.%3B+No.+80-1110.&rft.pub=United+States+Court+of+Appeals%2C+District+of+Columbia+Circuit.&rft.date=1981&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fftp.resource.org%2Fcourts.gov%2Fc%2FF2%2F656%2F656.F2d.724.80-1110.html%23fn2_ref&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">USS Halibut Crew Member</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205063115/http://projectjennifer.at/">Azorian – The Raising of the K-129 / 2009 – Two Part TV Documentary / Michael White Films Vienna</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes/nCnD-review-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes/nCnD-review_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbele2023" class="citation news cs1">Abele, Robert (September 23, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2023-09-23/neither-confirm-nor-deny-review-cia-howard-hughes-project-azorian">"Review: 'Neither Confirm Nor Deny' tells a real-life tale of spies, nukes and Howard Hughes"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203212940/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2023-09-23/neither-confirm-nor-deny-review-cia-howard-hughes-project-azorian">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Review%3A+%27Neither+Confirm+Nor+Deny%27+tells+a+real-life+tale+of+spies%2C+nukes+and+Howard+Hughes&rft.date=2023-09-23&rft.aulast=Abele&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment-arts%2Fmovies%2Fstory%2F2023-09-23%2Fneither-confirm-nor-deny-review-cia-howard-hughes-project-azorian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes/deny-review-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes/deny-review_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRapold2023" class="citation news cs1">Rapold, Nicolas (September 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/21/movies/neither-confirm-nor-deny-review.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Neither Confirm Nor Deny' Review: Exhumation at Sea"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Neither+Confirm+Nor+Deny%27+Review%3A+Exhumation+at+Sea&rft.date=2023-09-21&rft.aulast=Rapold&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F09%2F21%2Fmovies%2Fneither-confirm-nor-deny-review.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-978-0-231-55032-1-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-978-0-231-55032-1_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBennett2023" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, M. Todd (January 3, 2023). <i>Neither Confirm nor Deny: How the Glomar Mission Shielded the CIA from Transparency</i>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-55032-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-55032-1"><bdi>978-0-231-55032-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neither+Confirm+nor+Deny%3A+How+the+Glomar+Mission+Shielded+the+CIA+from+Transparency&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2023-01-03&rft.isbn=978-0-231-55032-1&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=M.+Todd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hollywoodreporter/4091883-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hollywoodreporter/4091883_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeFore2020" class="citation news cs1">DeFore, John (November 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/neither-confirm-nor-deny-film-review-doc-nyc-2020-4091883/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Neither Confirm Nor Deny': Film Review - DOC NYC 2020"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=%27Neither+Confirm+Nor+Deny%27%3A+Film+Review+-+DOC+NYC+2020&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft.aulast=DeFore&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fmovies%2Fmovie-reviews%2Fneither-confirm-nor-deny-film-review-doc-nyc-2020-4091883%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBennett2023" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, M. Todd (January 3, 2023). <i>Neither Confirm nor Deny: How the Glomar Mission Shielded the CIA from Transparency</i>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-55032-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-55032-1"><bdi>978-0-231-55032-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neither+Confirm+nor+Deny%3A+How+the+Glomar+Mission+Shielded+the+CIA+from+Transparency&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2023-01-03&rft.isbn=978-0-231-55032-1&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=M.+Todd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCraven2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_P._Craven_PhD,_JD" class="mw-redirect" title="John P. Craven PhD, JD">Craven, John</a> (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/silentwarcoldwar00crav/page/198">"The Hunt for Red September: A Tale of Two Submarines"</a></span>. <i>The Silent War: The Cold War Battle Beneath the Sea</i>. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/silentwarcoldwar00crav/page/198">198–222</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-87213-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-87213-7"><bdi>0-684-87213-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Hunt+for+Red+September%3A+A+Tale+of+Two+Submarines&rft.btitle=The+Silent+War%3A+The+Cold+War+Battle+Beneath+the+Sea&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=198-222&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-684-87213-7&rft.aulast=Craven&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsilentwarcoldwar00crav%2Fpage%2F198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDean2018" class="citation book cs1">Dean, Josh (2018). <i>The Taking of K-129: How the CIA Used Howard Hughes to Steal a Russian Sub in the Most Daring Covert Operation in History</i>. Dutton Caliber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1101984451" title="Special:BookSources/978-1101984451"><bdi>978-1101984451</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Taking+of+K-129%3A+How+the+CIA+Used+Howard+Hughes+to+Steal+a+Russian+Sub+in+the+Most+Daring+Covert+Operation+in+History&rft.pub=Dutton+Caliber&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1101984451&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Josh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dunham, Roger C. (1996) <i>Spy Sub – Top Secret Mission To The Bottom Of The Pacific</i> New York: Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-451-40797-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-451-40797-0">0-451-40797-0</a></li> <li>Reed, W. Craig (2010) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140320042056/http://www.harpercollins.com/books/Red-November-W-Craig-Reed/?isbn=9780061806766">Red November: Inside the Secret U.S.–Soviet Submarine War</a></i> New York: William Morrow. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-180676-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-180676-6">978-0-06-180676-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Polmar" title="Norman Polmar">Polmar, Norman</a> and White, Michael (2010) <i>Project Azorian: The CIA And The Raising of the K-129</i>, Naval Institute Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-690-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-690-2">978-1-59114-690-2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071030160024/http://users.erols.com/marelk/Vets%20Page%20Rework/PUC-%20Citation.htm">Presidential Unit Citation – USS <i>Halibut</i> – 1968</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharp2012" class="citation book cs1">Sharp, David (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120728214106/http://www.kansaspress.ku.edu/shacia.html"><i>The CIA's Greatest Covert Operation: Inside the Daring Mission to Recover a Nuclear-Armed Soviet Sub</i></a>. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. p. 344. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1834-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1834-7"><bdi>978-0-7006-1834-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kansaspress.ku.edu/shacia.html">the original</a> on July 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+CIA%27s+Greatest+Covert+Operation%3A+Inside+the+Daring+Mission+to+Recover+a+Nuclear-Armed+Soviet+Sub&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1834-7&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kansaspress.ku.edu%2Fshacia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSontag1998" class="citation book cs1">Sontag, Sherry (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blindmansbluffun00sont"><i>Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage</i></a></span>. New York: Harper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-103004-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-103004-X"><bdi>0-06-103004-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blind+Man%27s+Bluff%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+American+Submarine+Espionage&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-06-103004-X&rft.aulast=Sontag&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblindmansbluffun00sont&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProject+Azorian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Varner, Roy and Collier, Wayne. (1978) <i>A Matter of Risk: The Incredible Inside Story of the CIA's Hughes Glomar Explorer Mission to Raise a Russian Submarine</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Project_Azorian" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Project Azorian">Project Azorian</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/irp/program/collect/jennifer.htm">Project Jennifer and the Hughes Glomar Explorer</a> <a href="/wiki/Fas.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Fas.org">fas.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041227062724/http://intellit.muskingum.edu/cia_folder/cia70s_folder/cia70sglomar.html">bibliography</a> intellit.<a href="/wiki/Muskingum_University" title="Muskingum University">muskingum.edu</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&oldid=1275630715">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&oldid=1275630715</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Central_Intelligence_Agency_operations" title="Category:Central Intelligence Agency operations">Central Intelligence Agency operations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War_intelligence_operations" title="Category:Cold War intelligence operations">Cold War intelligence operations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:K-129_submarine_sinking_accident" title="Category:K-129 submarine sinking accident">K-129 submarine sinking accident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Category:Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union–United States relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marine_salvage_operations" title="Category:Marine salvage operations">Marine salvage operations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conspiracy_theories" title="Category:Conspiracy theories">Conspiracy theories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1974_in_military_history" title="Category:1974 in military history">1974 in military history</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_June_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from June 2024">Use mdy dates from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles needing clarification">All Wikipedia articles needing clarification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_July_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2024">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_July_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2024">Articles needing additional references from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2009" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2009">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2009" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_July_2024" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from July 2024">Articles that may contain original research from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 February 2025, at 03:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Project_Azorian&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Project Azorian</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>14 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64b5bb4b79-kv55k","wgBackendResponseTime":158,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.766","walltime":"0.983","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6251,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":100777,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7642,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":135396,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 872.796 1 -total"," 30.00% 261.872 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.34% 151.335 14 Template:Cite_web"," 8.90% 77.686 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.79% 76.721 1 Template:Infobox_historical_event"," 5.64% 49.205 1 Template:Commons_category"," 5.63% 49.095 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 5.50% 48.025 2 Template:Fix-span"," 5.37% 46.864 1 Template:Ambox"," 5.36% 46.749 1 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.435","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10932360,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-67794785f5-2zgw7","timestamp":"20250301022009","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Project Azorian","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_Azorian","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q794050","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q794050","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-05-05T22:53:55Z","dateModified":"2025-02-14T03:50:11Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1e\/USNS_Glomar_Explorer_%28T-AG-193%29.jpg","headline":"1974 CIA project to lift up the sunken Soviet submarine K-129"}</script> </body> </html>