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Maharaja Chait Singh - Wikipedia
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The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Maharaja_Chait_Singh" title="Talk:Maharaja Chait Singh">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p><b>Rafa'at wa Awal-i-Martabat Maharaja Shri Chet Singh Sahib Bahadur</b> (died 29 March 1810), commonly known as <b>Raja Chet Singh</b>, a <a href="/wiki/Bhumihar_Brahmin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhumihar Brahmin">Bhumihar Brahmin</a> king from the <a href="/wiki/Narayan_dynasty" title="Narayan dynasty">Narayan dynasty</a>, was 3 rd ruler of <a href="/wiki/Benares_State" title="Benares State">Kingdom of Benaras</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chait_Singh_of_Benares.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Chait_Singh_of_Benares.jpg/220px-Chait_Singh_of_Benares.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Chait_Singh_of_Benares.jpg/330px-Chait_Singh_of_Benares.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Chait_Singh_of_Benares.jpg/440px-Chait_Singh_of_Benares.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>19th century sketch of Raja Chet Singh of Benares State</figcaption></figure> <p>Chet Singh succeeded his father, <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Balwant_Singh_of_Benares" title="Maharaja Balwant Singh of Benares">Maharaja Balwant Singh</a>, to the throne as the next Raja of Benares in 1770. Although the <a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Awadh" title="Nawab of Awadh">Nawab of Awadh</a> still wished to hold total suzerainty over the control of Beneras, the British authorities encouraged him to recognise Chet Singh as King in 1773. Two years later, the Nawab, by now fed up with British interference, transferred the domain to the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> under control of the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General of Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Warren Hastings</a>. Under the new British terms, Chet Singh was forced to contribute <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> and maintenance grants for the company's <a href="/wiki/Sepoy" title="Sepoy">sepoy</a> battalions. The Raja refused to do this and he began to secretly correspond with enemies of the Company in hopes of forcibly breaking the increasing control of the company in India. The company discovered his plan with the help of some traitors and tried to place him under <a href="/wiki/House_arrest" title="House arrest">house arrest</a> in August 1781, pending interview with Hastings. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolt_of_Benares">Revolt of Benares</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharaja_Chait_Singh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Revolt of Benares"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The insurrection against Company control in Bihar took on a new dimension when Raja Chait Singh of Banaras rose to power in August 1781. It posed a threat to connect with other local uprisings and turn into a large regional conflict. Due to Chait Singh's vigorous pursuit of support from Bihar zamindars (most of them were Bhumihars along with Few Rajput zamindars as he was related to them by Caste-ties or Kinship) and his familial and caste links to many of them, the contingency loomed big.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not only did Banaras give money to <a href="/wiki/Fateh_Bahadur_Sahi" title="Fateh Bahadur Sahi">Fateh Sahi</a>, but Chait Singh also wrote him letters inciting him to kill Europeans and their sepoys (Indian soldiers - The British Hired only Upper Caste sepoys at the time in the British Bengali Army which were mostly Rajputs, Brahmins and Bhumihars <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ). Furthermore, most of the landowners in the district declined to comply with local authorities, some even started assaulting the emissaries of the Company. </p><p>Hastings came for the interview and as the Raja and his men were waiting for this chance, they defeated the Company's troops, killed British officers and arrested Hastings himself, but they were advised by Munshi Sadanand (ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Sampurnanand" title="Sampurnanand">Sampurnanand</a>) against killing Hastings and this proved to be a fatal mistake. Hastings escaped, with the help of the traitors and left Benaras disguised as a women. This incident gave rise to "Godhe Pe Hawda, Haathi pe Jeen, Aise Bhaga Warren Hastings".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Raja gathered his small forces, appealing for assistance against Britishers, from local rulers, who, except Raja Fateh Bahadur Shahi, did nothing. </p><p>Maharaja Chet singh's last hope was the <a href="/wiki/Mahadaji_Shinde" title="Mahadaji Shinde">Mahadaji Shinde</a>, the Raja of <a href="/wiki/Gwalior_State" title="Gwalior State">Gwalior</a> who also signed a treaty in which maharaja gave him land, protection and labourers for making <a href="/wiki/Ghat" title="Ghat">ghats</a> and in return he promised to give troops when needed but he did not help him and he lured him on pretext of helping him but arrested him and detained him in Gwalior after the battle. In various battles with the company's forces, Chet Singh's troops were defeated, the rebellion crushed with the help of traitors, several patriot warriors fell in battlefields, their family members and innocent citizens were and the state confiscated and given to Avsaan Singh in reward for his treachery, but revolt restarted. Then Company was forced to install the nephew of Maharaja Chet Singh (son of his sister Maharajkumari Padma Kuwar), Rafa'at wa Awal-i-Martabat Raja Sri Mahip Narayan Singh Sahib Bahadur on 14 September 1781 and free his father Babu Durgvijay Singh from their custody who was arrested for assisting Maharaja Chait Singh and fighting against the Company. Chet Singh was granted a <a href="/wiki/Jagir" title="Jagir">jagir</a> for a while until it was later confiscated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharaja_Chait_Singh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chait Singh's nephew, Maharaja Sri Mahip Narayan Singh Sahib Bahadur, succeeded his maternal uncle on 14 September 1781 under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a>, which were that he should serve to dispense justice within his domains and make an annual contribution of 40 <a href="/wiki/Lakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhs">lakhs</a>.The incident greatly tarnished Hastings' image and capability, leading to a failed <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Warren_Hastings" title="Impeachment of Warren Hastings">attempt to impeach him</a> by the British parliament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharaja_Chait_Singh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He died in Gwalior on 29 March 1810, leaving three sons. His Chattri is still at Gwalior. Carved stone from Chait Singh's palace was later taken and incorporated into the palace of the Maharajas of <a href="/wiki/Cossimbazar" title="Cossimbazar">Cossimbazar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chet_Singh_Ghat_in_Varanasi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Chet_Singh_Ghat_in_Varanasi.jpg/220px-Chet_Singh_Ghat_in_Varanasi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Chet_Singh_Ghat_in_Varanasi.jpg/330px-Chet_Singh_Ghat_in_Varanasi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Chet_Singh_Ghat_in_Varanasi.jpg/440px-Chet_Singh_Ghat_in_Varanasi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Chet Singh <a href="/wiki/Ghats_in_Varanasi" title="Ghats in Varanasi">Ghat in Varanasi</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharaja_Chait_Singh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFYang1989" class="citation book cs1">Yang, A. A. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ck4jmD7H34UC&pg=PA67"><i>The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920</i></a> (1st ed.). United Kingdom: United Kingdom: University of California Press. pp. 66–69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520057111" title="Special:BookSources/9780520057111"><bdi>9780520057111</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Limited+Raj%3A+Agrarian+Relations+in+Colonial+India%2C+Saran+District%2C+1793-1920.&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=66-69&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=United+Kingdom%3A+University+of+California+Press.&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780520057111&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=A.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCk4jmD7H34UC%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharaja+Chait+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChattopadhyay2009" class="citation book cs1">Chattopadhyay, Kunal (28 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781405198073"><i>The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest</i></a> (1 ed.). pp. 1–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781405198073.wbierp0743">10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0743</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8464-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8464-9"><bdi>978-1-4051-8464-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Encyclopedia+of+Revolution+and+Protest&rft.pages=1-9&rft.edition=1&rft.date=2009-07-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781405198073.wbierp0743&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8464-9&rft.aulast=Chattopadhyay&rft.aufirst=Kunal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fbook%2F10.1002%2F9781405198073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharaja+Chait+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMisra2022" class="citation web cs1">Misra, Shubhangi (5 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/india/slaughtered-ten-by-ten-how-1857-martyrs-shot-by-british-firing-squad-were-found-in-punjab-well/941414/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Slaughtered ten by ten': How 1857 martyrs shot by British firing squad were found in Punjab well"</a>. <i>ThePrint</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231204095651/https://theprint.in/india/slaughtered-ten-by-ten-how-1857-martyrs-shot-by-british-firing-squad-were-found-in-punjab-well/941414/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThePrint&rft.atitle=%27Slaughtered+ten+by+ten%27%3A+How+1857+martyrs+shot+by+British+firing+squad+were+found+in+Punjab+well&rft.date=2022-05-05&rft.aulast=Misra&rft.aufirst=Shubhangi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Findia%2Fslaughtered-ten-by-ten-how-1857-martyrs-shot-by-british-firing-squad-were-found-in-punjab-well%2F941414%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharaja+Chait+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanyal2019" class="citation web cs1">Sanyal, Tamal (22 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myindiamyglory.com/2019/07/22/unsung-battle-of-shivala-varanasi-that-forced-warren-hastings-to-flee/">"Unsung Battle of Shivala (Varanasi) that Forced Warren Hastings to Flee"</a>. <i>myIndiamyGlory</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231204100643/https://www.myindiamyglory.com/2019/07/22/unsung-battle-of-shivala-varanasi-that-forced-warren-hastings-to-flee/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=myIndiamyGlory&rft.atitle=Unsung+Battle+of+Shivala+%28Varanasi%29+that+Forced+Warren+Hastings+to+Flee&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft.aulast=Sanyal&rft.aufirst=Tamal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myindiamyglory.com%2F2019%2F07%2F22%2Funsung-battle-of-shivala-varanasi-that-forced-warren-hastings-to-flee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharaja+Chait+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Cossimbazar" in <i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Gazetteer of India">Imperial Gazetteer of India</a></i>, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908–1931 [v. 1, 1909]</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Raja <a href="/wiki/Balwant_Singh_of_Benares" class="mw-redirect" title="Balwant Singh of Benares">Balwant Singh</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ruler of <a href="/wiki/Benares_State" title="Benares State">Benares State</a> </b><br />1770–1781 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Raja <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Mahip_Narayan_Singh" title="Maharaja Mahip Narayan Singh">Mahip Narayan Singh</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐phpnv Cached time: 20241122151146 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.323 seconds Real time usage: 0.439 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1736/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 42235/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10839/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22598/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.187/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6191831/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 394.948 1 -total 33.27% 131.403 1 Template:Reflist 26.39% 104.212 1 Template:Multiple_issues 24.98% 98.670 2 Template:Cite_book 19.34% 76.391 1 Template:Short_description 17.97% 70.990 1 Template:More_citations_needed 17.83% 70.412 2 Template:Ambox 13.50% 53.309 1 Template:Succession_box 10.37% 40.956 2 Template:Pagetype 10.35% 40.891 9 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55803951-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122151146 and revision id 1255010068. 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