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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Plot</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Plot-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Plot subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Act_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Act I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Act II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_III" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_III"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Act III</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_III-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Themes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Themes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Themes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Main_theme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_theme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Main theme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_theme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women's_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Women's rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Satire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Satire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Satire subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Satire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_art_and_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_art_and_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>European art and history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_art_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Democracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_bodies_as_objects/human_labor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_bodies_as_objects/human_labor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Human bodies as objects/human labor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_bodies_as_objects/human_labor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="الزيارة (مسرحية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الزيارة (مسرحية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1v%C5%A1t%C4%9Bva_star%C3%A9_d%C3%A1my" title="Návštěva staré dámy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Návštěva staré dámy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Besuch_der_alten_Dame" title="Der Besuch der alten Dame – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Der Besuch der alten Dame" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vana_daami_visiit" title="Vana daami visiit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vana daami visiit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82_%CE%BA%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Η επίσκεψη της γηραιάς κυρίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Η επίσκεψη της γηραιάς κυρίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_visita_de_la_anciana_dama" title="La visita de la anciana dama – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="La visita de la anciana dama" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87" title="ملاقات بانوی سالخورده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ملاقات بانوی سالخورده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Visite_de_la_vieille_dame" title="La Visite de la vieille dame – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Visite de la vieille dame" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B6%80%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%A9%EB%AC%B8" title="노부인의 방문 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노부인의 방문" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BB_%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%81%D5%A8" title="Ծեր կնոջ այցը – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծեր կնոջ այցը" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_visita_della_vecchia_signora" title="La visita della vecchia signora – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La visita della vecchia signora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%96%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%94" title="ביקור הגברת הזקנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביקור הגברת הזקנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Besuch_der_alten_Dame" title="Der Besuch der alten Dame – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Der Besuch der alten Dame" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_%C3%B6reg_h%C3%B6lgy_l%C3%A1togat%C3%A1sa" title="Az öreg hölgy látogatása – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az öreg hölgy látogatása" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Besuch_der_alten_Dame" title="Der Besuch der alten Dame – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Der Besuch der alten Dame" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wizyta_starszej_pani" title="Wizyta starszej pani – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wizyta starszej pani" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizita_b%C4%83tr%C3%A2nei_doamne" title="Vizita bătrânei doamne – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vizita bătrânei doamne" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Визита старшой дамы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Визита старшой дамы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Визит старой дамы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Визит старой дамы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Besuch_der_alten_Dame" title="Der Besuch der alten Dame – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Der Besuch der alten Dame" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bes%C3%B6k_av_en_gammal_dam" title="Besök av en gammal dam – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Besök av en gammal dam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Гостина старої дами – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гостина старої дами" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q688919#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22The+Visit%22+play">"The Visit" play</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22The+Visit%22+play+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22The+Visit%22+play&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22The+Visit%22+play+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22The+Visit%22+play">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22The+Visit%22+play&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic">The Visit</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data description"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Date premiered</th><td class="infobox-data">1956</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Original language</th><td class="infobox-data">German</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tragicomedy" title="Tragicomedy">Tragicomedy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Setting</th><td class="infobox-data">Güllen</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Visit</b></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Lang-de&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Lang-de (page does not exist)">Template:Lang-de</a>) is a 1956 <a href="/wiki/Tragicomedy" title="Tragicomedy">tragicomic</a> play by Swiss dramatist <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brief_plot_summary">Brief plot summary</h2></div> <p>An enormously wealthy older woman returns to her former hometown with a dreadful bargain: She wants the townspeople to kill the man who got her pregnant, then jilted her. In exchange, she will provide enough money to revitalize the decrepit town. The townspeople eventually agree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Long_plot plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Plot" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's plot summary <b>may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_write_a_plot_summary" title="Wikipedia:How to write a plot summary">too long or excessively detailed</a>.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Visit_(play)&action=edit">help improve it</a> by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_I">Act I</h3></div> <p>The story opens with the town of Güllen preparing for the arrival of famed billionaire Claire Zachanassian, who grew up there. Güllen has fallen on hard times, and the townspeople hope that Claire will provide them with much-needed funds. Anton Schill (Alfred Ill in the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German-language</a> version) is the owner of Güllen's general store and the most popular man in town. He was Claire's lover when they were young, and agrees with the <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> that the task of convincing her to make a donation should fall to him. </p><p>After settling into the hotel, Claire joins the rest of the town, who have gathered outside for a homecoming celebration. Claire takes the opportunity to announce that she will make a huge donation: one billion (presumably <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss francs</a>), half for the town and half to be shared among the families. The townspeople are overjoyed, but their happiness is dampened when Claire's butler steps forward to reveal her condition for the donation. The butler was once the Lord Chief Justice of Güllen, and had heard the <a href="/wiki/Paternity_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Paternity suit">paternity suit</a> that Claire had brought against Anton. In the suit, Anton produced two false witnesses (who have since been transformed into Claire's eunuchs), and the court ruled in his favor. Her donation is conditional on someone killing Anton. The mayor refuses and the town seems aghast, but Claire says that she will wait. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_II">Act II</h3></div> <p>As time passes, Anton becomes increasingly paranoid as he sees everyone purchasing especially costly items on credit in his shop. Anton visits the police officer and the mayor, who have also bought new expensive items, and they dismiss his concerns. He then visits the priest, who attempts to calm him, but finally admits they have been paid off, and advises Anton to flee. </p><p>Anton heads to the railway station to escape, but finds that the entire town is gathered there. They ask him where he is going, and he says that he is planning to move to <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. They wish him well, again assuring him that he has nothing to fear in Güllen, but Anton grows increasingly nervous nonetheless. The train arrives, but he decides not to board, believing that someone will stop him anyway. Paralyzed, he collapses in the crowd, crying, “I’m lost!” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_III">Act III</h3></div> <p>Claire weds a new husband in the Güllen cathedral. The doctor and the schoolmaster go to see her and explain that the townspeople have run up considerable debt since her arrival. The schoolmaster begs her to abandon her desire for vengeance and help the town out of the goodness of her heart. </p><p>Anton's terror grows as the townspeople buy more expensive products on credit. Hearing of Claire's wedding, reporters are everywhere, and they enter the store to interview Anton. The schoolmaster, drunk, tries to inform the press about Claire's proposal, but the townspeople stop him. The schoolmaster and Anton have a discussion and the schoolmaster explains Anton will be killed. Anton accepts his guilt and acknowledges the town's suffering is his fault. Anton is then confronted by the mayor who asks if Anton will accept the town's judgment. Anton says that he will. </p><p>Claire tells Anton that she never stopped loving him, but that over time her love has grown into something monstrous. </p><p>When Anton arrives at the town meeting, it is flooded with the press, and the town publicly announces their acceptance of Claire's donation. The inhabitants then go through the formality of a vote, which is unanimous, and the mayor states that they have Anton to thank for their newfound wealth. The doors are locked and the lights dimmed. Anton is killed by a townsman. Just as a reporter reappears in the auditorium, the doctor announces that Anton has died of a heart attack. The reporters gather and declare that Anton has died of joy. Claire examines the body, gives the mayor his check, and leaves the town with Anton's body in the casket that she brought with her when she arrived. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Visit_(play)&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_theme">Main theme</h3></div> <p>The author often emphasized that <i>The Visit</i> is intended first and foremost as a <a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">comedy</a>. However, it is difficult to ignore the serious, dark points being made about human nature throughout the play. The use of unsettling humor was popular among German-language authors of this period as a method of pointing out concerns they considered important. The main theme is that <i>money corrupts</i> even the most morally strong people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_rights"><span id="Women.27s_rights"></span>Women's rights</h3></div> <p>Women did not achieve full <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Switzerland" title="Women's suffrage in Switzerland">suffrage</a> in Switzerland until 1971<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in one canton until 1990), along with neighboring Liechtenstein, the only European country to limit women's voting rights at the time. Women still lacked voting rights when the author refashioned the play as an opera libretto for <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_von_Einem" title="Gottfried von Einem">Gottfried von Einem</a> (premiered 1971). The sham vote at the end, where Claire has no say, followed by the false ascription of the town's new wealth to Anton, highlights this injustice in Swiss society. Symbolically, Claire lacks a hand and foot – tools to control her destiny. She has been thrown by men into prostitution against her will. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Satire">Satire</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_art_and_history">European art and history</h3></div> <p>In the play, Dürrenmatt uses the sold out museum in the city as a way to satirize the art and history of Europe. The Güllen museum talked about in the story sold everything it had to other museums located in America. This satirizes the idea that to learn about the history of Europe, one must travel to America. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democracy">Democracy</h3></div> <p>Democracy in <i>The Visit</i> can be seen satirized in Act III, where the townsfolk gather to vote on the issue of whether or not to kill Ill. This event also brings up the fact that everyone thinks that somebody will kill Ill, but it won't be them. In the end, the vote goes against Ill and he is killed for the reward. This gives readers an example of how a democracy can indeed be worse than other forms of government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_bodies_as_objects/human_labor"><span id="Human_bodies_as_objects.2Fhuman_labor"></span>Human bodies as objects/human labor</h3></div> <p>A few examples of this subject arise in the play. One is Claire's prostitution, another is Ill's worth of a billion dollars. In Claire's case, Dürrenmatt pokes at the idea of selling one's body. He describes the prostitution as almost the same as labor jobs. He asks if there is a difference between those two occupations in terms of giving your body away for money. Alfred Ill's situation brings up another subject with the same kind of subject. Ill's body is priced at a billion dollars. This suggests that his body can be bought, sold, and consumed just like things in the economy. Ill's body is made into an object once Claire puts a price on him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2></div> <p><i>The Visit</i> is a popular production to attend for <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a> students, as it is considered one of the keystones of twentieth century German-language literature. The play is also often used as a text for those taking German as a foreign language. </p><p>Premiered as <i>Besuch der alten Dame</i> at <a href="/wiki/Schauspielhaus_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Schauspielhaus Zürich">Schauspielhaus Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruedi_Walter" title="Ruedi Walter">Ruedi Walter</a> played in 1956 the blind eunuch <i>Loby</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-theaterlexikon-ruediwalter_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theaterlexikon-ruediwalter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original 1956 play by Friedrich Dürrenmatt was adapted for American audiences by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Valency" title="Maurice Valency">Maurice Valency</a>; this version features a number of significant alterations. Its first <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway theatre</a> production, in 1958, was directed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brook" title="Peter Brook">Peter Brook</a> and starred <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lunt" title="Alfred Lunt">Alfred Lunt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Fontanne" title="Lynn Fontanne">Lynn Fontanne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Spanish, it was performed in Teatro Español, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, in 1959, and in <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan language</a> it was created in Barcelona in 1962. </p><p>The play was adapted as an <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> by the author and set to music by composer <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_von_Einem" title="Gottfried von Einem">Gottfried von Einem</a>, entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Besuch_der_alten_Dame" class="mw-redirect" title="Der Besuch der alten Dame">Der Besuch der alten Dame</a></i> and translated as <i>The Visit of the Old Lady</i>, and was first performed in 1971. </p><p>In 1976 <i>The Visit</i> was adapted for Lebanese National Television "Tele Liban" (the only broadcasting station in Lebanon at that time) as the full sixth episode of the hit TV series "Allo Hayeti ألو حياتي" directed for TV by Antoine Remi <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:أنطوان ريمي">أنطوان ريمي</a>, and Starring Hind Abi Al Lamaa <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9" class="extiw" title="ar:هند أبي اللمع">هند أبي اللمع</a> as Claire (or Clara as called in the Lebanese production) and Abdel Majeed Majzoob <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B0%D9%88%D8%A8" class="extiw" title="ar:عبد المجيد مجذوب">عبد المجيد مجذوب</a> as her lover Alfred, Layla Karam, Philip Akiki (as the Mayor) and Elias Rizk (as the teacher). This production made Friedrich Dürrenmatt known to the Lebanese public as well as to Arabic viewers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a> starred in a much-altered film adaptation, also called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Visit_(1964_film)" title="The Visit (1964 film)">The Visit</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Wicki" title="Bernhard Wicki">Bernhard Wicki</a>, in 1964. A significant alteration is in the ending. Just as Alfred Ill (Serge Miller in the movie) is about to be executed on the trumped-up charges the town has created, the billionairess stops the execution. She declares that she will give the money to the town as pledged. Her revenge on Miller is that now, as she declares, he must live in the town amongst the people who would have executed him on false charges for money. </p><p>In 1988 a <a href="/wiki/TV_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="TV movie">TV movie</a> titled <i>Bring Me the Head Of Dobie Gillis</i> was a version of <i>The Visit</i> adapted to the characters and world of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Many_Loves_of_Dobie_Gillis" title="The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis">The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis</a></i>. </p><p>In 1989 a <a href="/wiki/TV_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="TV movie">TV movie</a> titled <i>Визит дамы</i> (<i>The Visit of the Lady</i>) was created in the <i>Mosfilm</i> studio (<a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, at that time the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>) </p><p>Mira Stupica, famous Serbian actress performed character of Claire Zachanassian. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Senegalese" class="mw-redirect" title="Senegalese">Senegalese</a> director <a href="/wiki/Djibril_Diop_Mamb%C3%A9ty" title="Djibril Diop Mambéty">Djibril Diop Mambéty</a>'s film <i>Hyènes</i>, from 1992, is based on the play. </p><p><i>The Visit</i> was performed at Chichester Arts Festival of 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-chichester_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chichester-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Players included <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joss_Ackland" title="Joss Ackland">Joss Ackland</a>. </p><p>A fairly faithful <a href="/wiki/Musical_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical theater">musical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Visit_(musical)" title="The Visit (musical)">The Visit</a></i>, with music by <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a>, lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Fred_Ebb" title="Fred Ebb">Fred Ebb</a>, and book by <a href="/wiki/Terrence_McNally" title="Terrence McNally">Terrence McNally</a>, received its first production at <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>'s Goodman Theatre, starring <a href="/wiki/Chita_Rivera" title="Chita Rivera">Chita Rivera</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_McMartin" title="John McMartin">John McMartin</a> in 2001. That production was choreographed by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Reinking" title="Ann Reinking">Ann Reinking</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Galati" title="Frank Galati">Frank Galati</a>. The musical was revised and played from May 13 – June 22, 2008, at <a href="/wiki/Signature_Theatre_(Arlington,_Virginia)" title="Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia)">Signature Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a>, in a production once again starring Rivera, this time with <a href="/wiki/George_Hearn" title="George Hearn">George Hearn</a>. It received glowing reviews from the critics.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2015, Chita Rivera and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Rees" title="Roger Rees">Roger Rees</a> brought this adaptation of <i>The Visit</i> to Broadway when it began preview performances on March 26, 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Lyceum Theatre (Broadway)">Lyceum Theatre</a> under the Tony Award-winning direction of <a href="/wiki/John_Doyle_(director)" title="John Doyle (director)">John Doyle</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sweeney_Todd" title="Sweeney Todd">Sweeney Todd</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Company_(musical)" title="Company (musical)">Company</a></i>). It opened on April 23, 2015 and closed on June 14, 2015. The 95-minute production debuted in the summer of 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Williamstown_Theater_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Williamstown Theater Festival">Williamstown Theater Festival</a>, with choreography by Broadway veteran <a href="/wiki/Graciela_Daniele" title="Graciela Daniele">Graciela Daniele</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Rink_(musical)" title="The Rink (musical)"><i>The Rink</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Ragtime_(musical)" title="Ragtime (musical)"><i>Ragtime</i></a>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chilean</a> <a href="/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela">telenovela</a> <i>Romané</i> loosely use some elements of the plot in the script. It gives the story a slightly happier ending, though; the main characters aren't fully reconciled, but they manage to sort out their differences before Jovanka, the Claire equivalent, leaves the town. </p><p><i>The Visit of the Old Lady</i> (<i>Vana daami viisit</i>, 2006) is a faithful, dark adaption for TV from <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonian</a> theatrical veterans <a href="/wiki/Roman_Baskin" title="Roman Baskin">Roman Baskin</a> (director), <a href="/wiki/Ita_Ever" title="Ita Ever">Ita Ever</a> (Claire) and <a href="/wiki/Aarne_%C3%9Cksk%C3%BCla" title="Aarne Üksküla">Aarne Üksküla</a> (Ill). <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, the capital of Estonia, substitutes for Guellen. </p><p>″The Visit″ 2016 production directed by Stan Wlasick and performed at El Rancho High School. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a> production, directed by Alexander Morfov, has been running in the repertoire of the <a href="/wiki/Lenkom_Theatre" title="Lenkom Theatre">Lenkom Theatre</a> in Moscow since 2008. </p><p>An adaptation entitled <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miss_Meena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miss Meena (page does not exist)">Miss Meena</a></i> was performed in 2010 by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perch.co.in/about.html">Perch</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="This is not a proper reference citation. Use Cite web or similar to provide source details. (February 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A second musical adaptation, starring Pia Douwes and Uwe Kroeger, premièred at the Thun musical festival in Switzerland in the summer of 2013. It opens, with the same two leads, at the Ronacher Theatre, Vienna, in February 2014. </p><p>Indian playwright <a href="/wiki/Madhu_Rye" title="Madhu Rye">Madhu Rye</a> adapted the play as <i>Sharat</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati language</a>. </p><p>Paulo Coelho's <i>The Devil and Miss Prym</i> mentions the author, but not the story directly referenced; the concept of Coelho's book is based on the German 1956 play <i>The Visit</i>, by Friedrich Dürrenmatt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <p>The following plays utilize a <a href="/wiki/Dramaturgy" title="Dramaturgy">dramaturgical</a> structure similar to <i>The Visit</i>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Nikolai Gogol</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Government_Inspector" title="The Government Inspector">The Government Inspector</a></i> (1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Zuckmayer" title="Carl Zuckmayer">Carl Zuckmayer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Captain_of_K%C3%B6penick_(play)" title="The Captain of Köpenick (play)">The Captain of Köpenick</a></i> (1931)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch/chronology-womens-right-vote-switzerland.html">"Switzerland's Long Way to Women's Right to Vote"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Switzerland%27s+Long+Way+to+Women%27s+Right+to+Vote&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch%2Fchronology-womens-right-vote-switzerland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Visit+%28play%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theaterlexikon-ruediwalter-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-theaterlexikon-ruediwalter_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tls.theaterwissenschaft.ch/wiki/Ruedi_Walter">"Walter, Ruedi"</a> (in German). theaterwissenschaft.ch. 2013-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Walter%2C+Ruedi&rft.pub=theaterwissenschaft.ch&rft.date=2013-12-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftls.theaterwissenschaft.ch%2Fwiki%2FRuedi_Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Visit+%28play%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/nyregion/maurice-valency-93-theatrical-master-dies.html">New York Times</a>, Maurice Valency 93 theatrical master dies</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chichester-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chichester_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cft.org.uk/1995">www<wbr />.cft<wbr />.org<wbr />.uk<wbr />/1995</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rangashankara.org/home/rangatest//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=18&Itemid=32&favm=2010-10-3">Rangashankara.org</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bowles, Patrick, trans. 1962. <i>The Visit.</i> By <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a>. London: Jonathan Cape. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-224-00914-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-224-00914-1">0-224-00914-1</a>. Trans. of <i>Der Besuch der Alten Dame.</i> Zurich: Verlags AG Die Arche, 1956.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-show/9115"><i>The Visit</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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