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id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Eusi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eusi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sumputkeun</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mimiti</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Temporal_measurement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temporal_measurement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Temporal measurement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Temporal_measurement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Temporal measurement</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Temporal_measurement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_of_the_calendar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_the_calendar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>History of the calendar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_the_calendar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_time_measurement_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_time_measurement_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>History of time measurement devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_time_measurement_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definitions_and_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definitions_and_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Definitions and standards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Definitions_and_standards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Definitions and standards</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Definitions_and_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_time" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_time"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>World time</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_time-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sidereal_time" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sidereal_time"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Sidereal time</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sidereal_time-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chronology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Chronology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_in_religion_and_mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_in_religion_and_mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Time in religion and mythology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Time_in_religion_and_mythology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Time in religion and mythology</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Time_in_religion_and_mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Linear_and_cyclical_time" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linear_and_cyclical_time"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Linear and cyclical time</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linear_and_cyclical_time-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_in_philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_in_philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Time in philosophy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Time_in_philosophy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Time in philosophy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Time_in_philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Time_as_"unreal"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_as_"unreal""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Time as "unreal"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time_as_"unreal"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_in_the_physical_sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_in_the_physical_sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Time in the physical sciences</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Time_in_the_physical_sciences-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Time in the physical sciences</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Time_in_the_physical_sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Time_in_classical_mechanics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_in_classical_mechanics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Time in classical mechanics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time_in_classical_mechanics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_in_modern_physics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_in_modern_physics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Time in modern physics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time_in_modern_physics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spacetime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spacetime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Spacetime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spacetime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_dilation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_dilation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Time dilation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time_dilation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relativistic_time_versus_Newtonian_time" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relativistic_time_versus_Newtonian_time"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Relativistic time versus Newtonian time</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relativistic_time_versus_Newtonian_time-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arrow_of_time" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrow_of_time"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Arrow of time</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrow_of_time-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quantised_time" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quantised_time"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Quantised time</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quantised_time-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_and_the_Big_Bang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_and_the_Big_Bang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Time and the Big Bang</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Time_and_the_Big_Bang-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Time and the Big Bang</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Time_and_the_Big_Bang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Speculative_physics_beyond_the_Big_Bang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speculative_physics_beyond_the_Big_Bang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Speculative physics beyond the Big Bang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speculative_physics_beyond_the_Big_Bang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Time travel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time_travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perception_of_time" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perception_of_time"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Perception of time</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perception_of_time-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Perception of time</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Perception_of_time-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Time_in_psychology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_in_psychology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Time in psychology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time_in_psychology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_in_altered_states_of_consciousness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_in_altered_states_of_consciousness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Time in altered states of consciousness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time_in_altered_states_of_consciousness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_time" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_time"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Use of time</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_time-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tempo_ogé" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tempo_ogé"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tempo ogé</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tempo_ogé-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Tempo ogé</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tempo_ogé-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous_arts_and_sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous_arts_and_sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Miscellaneous arts and sciences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous_arts_and_sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous_units_of_time" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous_units_of_time"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Miscellaneous units of time</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous_units_of_time-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tumbu_ka_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tumbu_ka_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Tumbu ka luar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tumbu_ka_luar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Tumbu ka luar</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tumbu_ka_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perception_of_time_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perception_of_time_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Perception of time</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perception_of_time_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Physics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Philosophy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timekeeping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timekeeping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Timekeeping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timekeeping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.5</span> <span>Miscellaneous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navigation_templates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navigation_templates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Navigation templates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navigation_templates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Eusi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Waktu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 187 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-187" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">187 basa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D0%BC%D2%AD%D0%B0" title="Аамҭа – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аамҭа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyd" title="Tyd – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tyd" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeit" title="Zeit – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zeit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8A%E1%8B%9C" title="ጊዜ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጊዜ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiempo" title="Tiempo – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tiempo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF" title="समय – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="समय" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86" title="زمن – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زمن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زمان – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="زمان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="সময় – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সময়" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiempu" title="Tiempu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tiempu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipahikanicic" title="Tipahikanicic – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Tipahikanicic" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85" title="Мех – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Мех" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman" title="Zaman – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zaman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زامان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زامان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Ваҡыт – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ваҡыт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeid" title="Zeid – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zeid" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ciesos" title="Čiesos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čiesos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oras" title="Oras – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Oras" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Час – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Час" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Час – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Час" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Време – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Време" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF" title="समय – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="समय" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="সময় – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সময়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="དུས་ཚོད། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དུས་ཚོད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amzer" title="Amzer – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Amzer" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" title="Vrijeme (fizika) – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vrijeme (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Саг хугасаа – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Саг хугасаа" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temps" title="Temps – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Temps" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AC-g%C4%83ng" title="Sì-găng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sì-găng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahon" title="Panahon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Panahon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%B3%E1%8F%A9%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%97" title="ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کات – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cas" title="Čas – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čas" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D1%A3%D0%BC%D1%A7" title="Врѣмѧ – Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Врѣмѧ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%83%D1%85%C4%83%D1%82" title="Вăхăт – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăхăт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amser" title="Amser – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Amser" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tid" title="Tid – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeit" title="Zeit – Jérman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jérman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeman" title="Zeman – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zeman" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Χρόνος – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χρόνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8imp" title="Tèimp – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Tèimp" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time" title="Time – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Time" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tempo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiempo" title="Tiempo – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tiempo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeg" title="Aeg – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aeg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denbora" title="Denbora – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Denbora" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiempu" title="Tiempu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tiempu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زمان – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aika" title="Aika – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aika" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aig" title="Aig – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Aig" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauna" title="Gauna – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Gauna" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temps" title="Temps – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Temps" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidj" title="Tidj – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tidj" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timp" title="Timp – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Timp" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiid" title="Tiid – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tiid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am" title="Am – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Am" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan" title="Tan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tempo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ra" title="Ára – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ára" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokaci" title="Lokaci – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Lokaci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B9%B3%CC%80-ki%C3%AAn" title="Sṳ̀-kiên – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sṳ̀-kiên" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="זמן – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF" title="समय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samay" title="Samay – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Samay" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" title="Vrijeme (fizika) – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vrijeme (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan" title="Tan – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id%C5%91" title="Idő – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Idő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ժամանակ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժամանակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempore" title="Tempore – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tempore" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waktu" title="Waktu – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Waktu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0" title="Ха – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ха" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tempo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADmi" title="Tími – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tími" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tempo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="時間 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="時間" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taim" title="Taim – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Taim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wektu" title="Wektu – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wektu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="დრო – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დრო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waq%C4%B1t" title="Waqıt – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Waqıt" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akud" title="Akud – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Akud" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C9%A9waat%CA%8B" title="Alɩwaatʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Alɩwaatʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jen" title="Jen – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Jen" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Уақыт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уақыт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2" title="ಕಾಲ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84" title="시간 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시간" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Заман – Karachai Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Заман" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachai Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wext" title="Wext – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Wext" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termyn" title="Termyn – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Termyn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Убакыт – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Убакыт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel petingan"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempus" title="Tempus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tempus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A4it" title="Zäit – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zäit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tempo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tied" title="Tied – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tied" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tempo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temp" title="Temp – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Temp" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%9C%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2" title="ລາຍຊື່ໜ່ວຍນັບເວລາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລາຍຊື່ໜ່ວຍນັບເວລາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laikas" title="Laikas – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Laikas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laiks" title="Laiks – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Laiks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF" title="समय – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="समय" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wektu" title="Wektu – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Wektu" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotoana" title="Fotoana – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fotoana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakatu" title="Wakatu – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Wakatu" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Време – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Време" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="കാലം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Хугацаа – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хугацаа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯃꯇꯝ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯇꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3" title="काळ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="काळ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa" title="Masa – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Masa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="အချိန် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အချိန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шка – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Шка" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85" title="توم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="توم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahuitl" title="Cahuitl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Cahuitl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiet" title="Tiet – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tiet" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tied" title="Tied – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tied" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF" title="समय – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="समय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2)" title="ई (काल) – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई (काल)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijd" title="Tijd – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tijd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tid" title="Tid – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tid" title="Tid – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempe" title="Tempe – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Tempe" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nako" title="Nako – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Nako" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nthawi" title="Nthawi – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Nthawi" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temps" title="Temps – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Temps" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aigu" title="Aigu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Aigu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeroo" title="Yeroo – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Yeroo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%9F_(%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B3)" title="ସମୟ (କାଳ) – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସମୟ (କାଳ)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਸਮਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਮਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tans" title="Tans – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tans" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czas" title="Czas – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temp" title="Temp – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Temp" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="ویلا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ویلا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="وخت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وخت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tempo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mit%27awi" title="Mit'awi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mit'awi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timp" title="Timp – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Timp" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Время – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Время" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Час – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Час" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%83" title="कालः – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कालः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Кэм – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кэм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱚᱠᱛᱚ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱚᱠᱛᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempu" title="Tempu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tempu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time" title="Time – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Time" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA" title="وقت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وقت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" title="Vrijeme (fizika) – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vrijeme (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="කාලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time" title="Time – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Time" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cas_(fyzika)" title="Čas (fyzika) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čas (fyzika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cas" title="Čas – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čas" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84igi" title="Äigi – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Äigi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguva" title="Nguva – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nguva" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakhti" title="Wakhti – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Wakhti" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koha" title="Koha – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Koha" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Време – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Време" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tied" title="Tied – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tied" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tid" title="Tid – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakati" title="Wakati – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wakati" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%9B%EA%A0%A6%EA%A0%81%EA%A0%9F" title="ꠛꠦꠁꠟ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠛꠦꠁꠟ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czas" title="Czas – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czas" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நேரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நேரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="సమయం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సమయం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Замон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Замон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="เวลา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวลา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagt" title="Wagt – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Wagt" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahon" title="Panahon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panahon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman" title="Zaman – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zaman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Вакыт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вакыт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Дыр – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Дыр" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Час – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Час" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA" title="وقت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وقت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaqt" title="Vaqt – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vaqt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenpo" title="Tenpo – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tenpo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aig" title="Aig – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Aig" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9Di_gian" title="Thời gian – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thời gian" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyd" title="Tyd – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Tyd" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim" title="Tim – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tim" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oras_(pisika)" title="Oras (pisika) – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Oras (pisika)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%B0%E5%85%89" title="辰光 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="辰光" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Цаг – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Цаг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98" title="ბორჯი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბორჯი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98" title="צייט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צייט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80s%C3%ACk%C3%B2" title="Àsìkò – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àsìkò" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizgan" title="Seizgan – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Seizgan" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="时间 – Tiongkok" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="时间" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiongkok" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%82" title="時 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="時" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AE-kan" title="Sî-kan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sî-kan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="時間 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="時間" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isikhathi" title="Isikhathi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isikhathi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11471#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Édit tutumbu antarbasa" class="wbc-editpage">Édit tutumbu</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ngaranspasi"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Waktu" title="Témbongkeun eusi kaca [c]" 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Pidangan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pidangan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sumputkeun</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ti Wikipédia Sunda, énsiklopédi bébas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="su" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:C_solarcorona2003.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/C_solarcorona2003.gif/220px-C_solarcorona2003.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/C_solarcorona2003.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="191" /></a><figcaption>Naékna <a href="/wiki/Panonpo%C3%A9" title="Panonpoé">panonpoé</a> nu dipintonkeun dina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_nu_disingket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waktu nu disingket (kaca can aya)">waktu nu disingket</a></figcaption></figure><p>. </p><p><b>Waktu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tatakrama_basa_Sunda" title="Tatakrama basa Sunda">basa Hormat</a>: <b>Waktos</b>) nyaéta bagian tina <i>sistem</i> ukuran pikeun ngabandingkeun lila lumangsungna kajadian-kajadian sarta selang antara kajadian-kajadian di maksud. Dina hal ieu, <i>skala</i> waktu mangrupa <i>interval</i> antara dua kaayaan/kajadian, atawa bisa mangrupa lila lumangsungna hiji kajadian. <i>Skala' waktu diukur ku hijian <a href="/wiki/Detik" title="Detik">detik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menit" title="Menit">menit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jam" title="Jam">jam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A9" title="Poé">poé</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sen%C3%A9n" title="Senén">Senén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salasa" title="Salasa">Salasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rebo" title="Rebo">Rebo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kemis" title="Kemis">Kemis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jumaah" title="Jumaah">Jumaah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saptu" title="Saptu">Saptu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahad" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahad">Ahad</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulan_(pananggalan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulan (pananggalan) (kaca can aya)">bulan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Januari" title="Januari">Januari</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9bruari" title="Pébruari">Pébruari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maret" title="Maret">Maret</a>, <a href="/wiki/April" title="April">April</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9i" title="Méi">Méi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juni" title="Juni">Juni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juli" title="Juli">Juli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agustus" title="Agustus">Agustus</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9pt%C3%A9mber" title="Séptémber">Séptémber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oktober" title="Oktober">Oktober</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nop%C3%A9mber" title="Nopémber">Nopémber</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9s%C3%A9mber" title="Désémber">Désémber</a>), <a href="/wiki/Taun" title="Taun">taun</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Windu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windu (kaca can aya)">windu</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9kadeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dékadeu">dékadeu</a> (dasawarsa), <a href="/wiki/Abad" title="Abad">abad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mil%C3%A9nium" title="Milénium">milénium</a> (alaf) sarta saterusna. </i> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Wooden_hourglass_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Wooden_hourglass_3.jpg/250px-Wooden_hourglass_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="446" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Wooden_hourglass_3.jpg/330px-Wooden_hourglass_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Wooden_hourglass_3.jpg/500px-Wooden_hourglass_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="1959" /></a><figcaption>Ngamalirna keusik dina jero hiji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelas_jam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelas jam (kaca can aya)">gelas jam</a> bisa dipaké pikeun ngawaskeun waktu.</figcaption></figure><p><sup id="cite_ref-”Rig”_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-”Rig”-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pikeun ngukur <i>skala</i> waktu anu lumangsung pohara gancang (dina jero dunya <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ktronika" title="Éléktronika">éléktronika</a> sarta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semikonduktor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semikonduktor (kaca can aya)">semikonduktor</a>), lolobana jelema ngagunakeun <a href="/wiki/Hijian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijian">hijian</a> mili detik (sapersarébu detik), mikro detik (sapér hiji juta detik), nano detik (nanosecond), piko detik (picosecond), jeung saterusna. </p><p>Dina dunya <a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">fisika</a>, diménsi waktu jeung diménsi ruang (panjang, lébar, sarta volume) mangrupa diménsi ukuran anu dasar, sajaba ti beurat jeung massa. Gabungan ti waktu, ruang sarta beurat kiwari bisa dipaké pikeun nyaritakeun sarta ngécéskeun rusiah alam sacara kuantitatif (dumasar kana hasil ukur). Contona tanaga (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergi" title="Énergi">énergi</a>) dinyatakeun dina hijian ukuran kg*(méter/detik)kwadrat atawa anu mindeng dipikawanoh nyaéta <a href="/wiki/Hijian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijian">hijian</a> watt*detik atawa <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a>. </p> <table align="center" style="border: 1px solid #79b; background: #FFFFDD; width: 80%; margin: 0 auto 1em auto; padding: .2em; text-align: justify;"> <tbody><tr><td width="1%"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Panneau_travaux.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Panneau_travaux.png/40px-Panneau_travaux.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Panneau_travaux.png/60px-Panneau_travaux.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Panneau_travaux.png/80px-Panneau_travaux.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="88" /></a></span></td> <td align="center"><b>Artikel ieu keur dikeureuyeuh, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pitulung_narjamahkeun" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Pitulung narjamahkeun">ditarjamahkeun</a> tina <a href="/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris">basa Inggris</a>.</b><br /> <small>Bantuanna didagoan pikeun <a class="external text" href="https://su.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit">narjamahkeun</a>.</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physics (kaca can aya)">physics</a> and other sciences, <i>time</i> is considered one of the few <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamental_unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundamental unit (kaca can aya)">fundamental quantities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trialogue_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trialogue-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Time</i> is used to define other quantities – such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velocity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velocity (kaca can aya)">velocity</a> – and defining <i>time</i> in terms of such quantities would result in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Circular_definition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circular definition (kaca can aya)">circularity of definition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TrialogueP3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrialogueP3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operational_definition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operational definition (kaca can aya)">operational definition</a> of time, wherein one says that observing a certain number of repetitions of one or another standard cyclical event (such as the passage of a free-swinging pendulum) constitutes one standard unit such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second (kaca can aya)">second</a>, has a high utility value in the conduct of both advanced experiments and everyday affairs of life. The operational definition léaves aside the question whether there is something called time, apart from the counting activity just mentioned, that flows and that can be méasured. Investigations of a single continuum called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space-time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space-time (kaca can aya)">space-time</a> brings the nature of time into association with related questions into the nature of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space (kaca can aya)">space</a>, questions that have their roots in the works of éarly students of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural philosophy (kaca can aya)">natural philosophy</a>. </p><p>Among prominent philosophers, there are two distinct viewpoints on <i>time</i>. One view is that time is part of the fundamental structure of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universe (kaca can aya)">universe</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimension&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimension (kaca can aya)">dimension</a> in which events occur in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sequence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sequence (kaca can aya)">sequence</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_travel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time travel (kaca can aya)">Time travel</a>, in this view, becomes a possibility as other "times" persist like frames of a film strip, spréad out across the time line. <a href="/wiki/Sir_Isaac_Newton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Isaac Newton">Sir Isaac Newton</a> subscribed to this <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophical_realism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophical realism (kaca can aya)">realist</a> view, and hence it is sometimes referred to as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_time_and_space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absolute time and space (kaca can aya)">Newtonian time</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rynasiewicz_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rynasiewicz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opposing view is that <i>time</i> does not refer to any kind of "container" that events and objects "move through", nor to any entity that "flows", but that it is instéad part of a fundamental intellectual structure (together with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space (kaca can aya)">space</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Number (kaca can aya)">number</a>) within which humans sequence and compare events. This second view, in the tradition of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottfried Leibniz (kaca can aya)">Gottfried Leibniz</a><sup id="cite_ref-Burnham_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burnham-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Mattey_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mattey-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McCormick_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCormick-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> holds that <i>time</i> is neither an event nor a thing, and thus is not itself méasurable nor can it be traveled. </p><p>Temporal méasurement has occupied scientists and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Technologist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technologist (kaca can aya)">technologists</a>, and was a prime motivation in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navigation (kaca can aya)">navigation</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomy (kaca can aya)">astronomy</a>. Periodic events and periodic motion have long served as standards for units of time. Examples include the apparent motion of the sun across the sky, the phases of the moon, the swing of a pendulum, and the béat of a héart. Currently, the international unit of time, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second (kaca can aya)">second</a>, is defined in terms of radiation emitted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caesium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caesium (kaca can aya)">caesium</a> atoms (see below). Time is also of significant social importance, having economic value ("<a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_value_of_money&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time value of money (kaca can aya)">time is money</a>") as well as personal value, due to an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Awareness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awareness (kaca can aya)">awareness</a> of the limited time in éach day and in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_expectancy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Life expectancy (kaca can aya)">human lifespans</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temporal_measurement">Temporal measurement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Édit bab: Temporal measurement" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Temporal measurement"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Temporal méasurement, or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronometry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronometry (kaca can aya)">chronometry</a>, takes two distinct period forms: the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calendar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calendar (kaca can aya)">calendar</a>, a mathematical abstraction for calculating extensive periods of time,<sup id="cite_ref-Richards_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richards-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clock (kaca can aya)">clock</a>, a concrete mechanism that counts the ongoing passage of time. In day-to-day life, the clock is consulted for periods less than a day, the calendar, for periods longer than a day. The number (as on a clock dial or calendar) that marks the occurrence of a specified event as to hour or date is obtained by counting from a fiducial epoch—a central reference point. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_the_calendar">History of the calendar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Édit bab: History of the calendar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: History of the calendar"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/15px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/23px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:103%;"><i>Artikel utama</i>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calendar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calendar (kaca can aya)">Calendar</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Artifacts from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeolithic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeolithic (kaca can aya)">Palaeolithic</a> suggest that the moon was used to calculate time as éarly as 12,000, and possibly even 30,000 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Before_Present&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Before Present (kaca can aya)">BP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rudgley_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rudgley-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumer (kaca can aya)">Sumerian</a> civilization of approximately 2000 BC introduced the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexagesimal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sexagesimal (kaca can aya)">sexagesimal</a> system based on the number 60. 60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour – and possibly a calendar with 360 (60x6) days in a yéar (with a few more days added on). Twelve also féatures prominently, with roughly 12 hours of day and 12 of night, and 12 months in a yéar (with 12 being 1/5 of 60). </p><p>The reforms of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Caesar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Caesar (kaca can aya)">Julius Caesar</a> in 45 BC put the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Empire (kaca can aya)">Roman world</a> on a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_calendar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solar calendar (kaca can aya)">solar calendar</a>. This <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_calendar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian calendar (kaca can aya)">Julian calendar</a> was faulty in that its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercalation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intercalation (kaca can aya)">intercalation</a> still allowed the astronomical <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solstice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solstice (kaca can aya)">solstices</a> and <a href="/wiki/Equinox" class="mw-redirect" title="Equinox">equinoxes</a> to advance against it by about 11 minutes per yéar. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Gregory_XIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pope Gregory XIII (kaca can aya)">Pope Gregory XIII</a> introduced a correction in 1582; the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregorian_calendar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregorian calendar (kaca can aya)">Gregorian calendar</a> was only slowly adopted by different nations over a period of centuries, but is today the one in most common use around the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_time_measurement_devices">History of time measurement devices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Édit bab: History of time measurement devices" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: History of time measurement devices"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Sundial_Taganrog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sundial_Taganrog.jpg/250px-Sundial_Taganrog.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sundial_Taganrog.jpg/330px-Sundial_Taganrog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sundial_Taganrog.jpg/500px-Sundial_Taganrog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption>Horizontal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sundial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sundial (kaca can aya)">sundial</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taganrog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taganrog (kaca can aya)">Taganrog</a> (1833)</figcaption></figure> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/15px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/23px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:103%;"><i>Artikel utama</i>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_timekeeping_devices&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of timekeeping devices (kaca can aya)">History of timekeeping devices</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/45px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/60px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:100%;"><b>Tempo ogé</b>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clock (kaca can aya)">Clock</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>A large variety of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Measuring_instrument&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Measuring instrument (kaca can aya)">devices</a> have been invented to méasure time. The study of these devices is called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horology (kaca can aya)">horology</a>. </p><p>An <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egypt (kaca can aya)">Egyptian</a> device dating to c.1500 BC, similar in shape to a bent <a href="/w/index.php?title=T-square&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-square (kaca can aya)">T-square</a>, méasured the passage of time from the shadow cast by its crossbar on a non-linéar rule. The T was oriented éastward in the mornings. At <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noon (kaca can aya)">noon</a>, the device was turned around so that it could cast its shadow in the evening direction.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sundial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sundial (kaca can aya)">sundial</a> uses a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnomon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnomon (kaca can aya)">gnomon</a> to cast a shadow on a set of markings which were calibrated to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hour (kaca can aya)">hour</a>. The position of the shadow marked the hour in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Local time (kaca can aya)">local time</a>. </p><p>The most accurate timekeeping devices of the ancient world were the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_clock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water clock (kaca can aya)">water clock</a> or <i>clepsydra</i>, one of which was found in the tomb of Egyptian pharaoh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amenhotep I (kaca can aya)">Amenhotep I</a> (1525–1504 BC). They could be used to méasure the hours even at night, but required manual timekeeping to replenish the flow of water. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greeks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greeks (kaca can aya)">Greeks</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaldeans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaldeans (kaca can aya)">Chaldeans</a> regularly maintained timekeeping records as an essential part of their astronomical observations. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inventions_in_the_Islamic_world&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inventions in the Islamic world (kaca can aya)">Arab inventors</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Muslim_scientists_and_engineers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of Muslim scientists and engineers (kaca can aya)">engineers</a> in particular made improvements on the use of water clocks up to the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Arab engineers also invented the first mechanical clocks to be driven by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maintaining_power&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maintaining power (kaca can aya)">weights</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gear (kaca can aya)">gears</a> in the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Salim_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salim-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Where_the_heart_is_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Where_the_heart_is-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hassan_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in the 11th century, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Chinese_inventions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Chinese inventions (kaca can aya)">Chinese inventors</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_science_and_technology_in_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of science and technology in China (kaca can aya)">engineers</a> invented the first mechanical clocks to be driven by an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Escapement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escapement (kaca can aya)">escapement</a> mechanism. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Swatch_Irony_angle_below.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Swatch_Irony_angle_below.jpg/220px-Swatch_Irony_angle_below.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Swatch_Irony_angle_below.jpg/330px-Swatch_Irony_angle_below.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Swatch_Irony_angle_below.jpg/440px-Swatch_Irony_angle_below.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>A contemporary <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quartz_watch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quartz watch (kaca can aya)">quartz watch</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hourglass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hourglass (kaca can aya)">hourglass</a> uses the flow of sand to méasure the flow of time. They were used in navigation. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> used 18 glasses on éach ship for his circumnavigation of the globe (1522).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Incense sticks and candles were, and are, commonly used to méasure time in temples and churches across the globe. Waterclocks, and later, mechanical clocks, were used to mark the events of the abbeys and monasteries of the Middle Ages. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Wallingford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard of Wallingford (kaca can aya)">Richard of Wallingford</a> (1292–1336), abbot of St. Alban's abbey, famously built a mechanical clock as an astronomical <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orrery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orrery (kaca can aya)">orrery</a> about 1330.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English word <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clock (kaca can aya)">clock</a> probably comes from the Middle Dutch word "klocke" which is in turn derived from the mediaeval Latin word "clocca", which is ultimately derived from Celtic, and is cognate with French, Latin, and German words that méan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_(instrument)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bell (instrument) (kaca can aya)">bell</a>. The passage of the hours at séa were marked by bells, and denoted the time (see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ship%27s_bells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ship's bells (kaca can aya)">ship's bells</a>). The hours were marked by bells in the abbeys as well as at séa. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:ChipScaleClock2_HR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/ChipScaleClock2_HR.jpg/250px-ChipScaleClock2_HR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/ChipScaleClock2_HR.jpg/330px-ChipScaleClock2_HR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/ChipScaleClock2_HR.jpg/500px-ChipScaleClock2_HR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1465" data-file-height="1449" /></a><figcaption>A chip-scale atomic clock</figcaption></figure> <p>Clocks can range from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Watch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watch (kaca can aya)">watches</a>, to more exotic varieties such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clock_of_the_Long_Now&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clock of the Long Now (kaca can aya)">Clock of the Long Now</a>. They can be driven by a variety of méans, including gravity, springs, and various forms of electrical power, and regulated by a variety of méans such as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendulum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendulum (kaca can aya)">pendulum</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronometer (kaca can aya)">chronometer</a> is a portable timekeeper that meets certain precision standards. Initially, the term was used to refer to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_chronometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine chronometer (kaca can aya)">marine chronometer</a>, a timepiece used to determine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longitude (kaca can aya)">longitude</a> by méans of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Celestial_navigation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celestial navigation (kaca can aya)">celestial navigation</a>. More recently, the term has also been applied to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronometer_watch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronometer watch (kaca can aya)">chronometer watch</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wristwatch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wristwatch (kaca can aya)">wristwatch</a> that meets precision standards set by the Swiss agency <a href="/w/index.php?title=COSC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="COSC (kaca can aya)">COSC</a>. </p><p>The most accurate timekeeping devices are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_clock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic clock (kaca can aya)">atomic clocks</a>, which are accurate to seconds in many millions of yéars,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are used to calibrate other clocks and timekeeping instruments. Atomic clocks use the spin property of atoms as their basis, and since 1967, the International System of Méasurements bases its unit of time, the second, on the properties of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caesium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caesium (kaca can aya)">caesium</a> atoms. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_System_of_Units&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International System of Units (kaca can aya)">SI</a> defines the second as 9,192,631,770 cycles of that radiation which corresponds to the transition between two electron spin energy levels of the ground state of the <sup>133</sup>Cs atom. </p><p>Today, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Positioning_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global Positioning System (kaca can aya)">Global Positioning System</a> in coordination with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Network_Time_Protocol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Network Time Protocol (kaca can aya)">Network Time Protocol</a> can be used to synchronize timekeeping systems across the globe. </p> <div style="clear:right;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions_and_standards">Definitions and standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Édit bab: Definitions and standards" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Definitions and standards"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right" style="float:right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; font-size:90%"> <caption>Common units of time </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Unit</th> <th>Size</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Picosecond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Picosecond (kaca can aya)">picosecond</a></td> <td>0.000 000 000 001 seconds</td> <td>no way of accurately méasuring </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanosecond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanosecond (kaca can aya)">nanosecond</a></td> <td>0.000 000 001 seconds</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsecond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microsecond (kaca can aya)">microsecond</a></td> <td>0.000 001 seconds</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millisecond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millisecond (kaca can aya)">millisecond</a></td> <td>0.001 seconds</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second (kaca can aya)">second</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a> base unit</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minute (kaca can aya)">minute</a></td> <td>60 seconds</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hour (kaca can aya)">hour</a></td> <td>60 minutes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Day (kaca can aya)">day</a></td> <td>24 hours</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Week&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Week (kaca can aya)">week</a></td> <td>7 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortnight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fortnight (kaca can aya)">fortnight</a></td> <td>14 days</td> <td>2 weeks </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Month (kaca can aya)">month</a></td> <td>28 to 31 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiscal_year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiscal year (kaca can aya)">quarter</a></td> <td>3 months</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Year (kaca can aya)">year</a></td> <td>12 months</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>common <a href="/w/index.php?title=Year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Year (kaca can aya)">year</a></td> <td>365 days</td> <td>52 weeks + 1 day </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leap_year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leap year (kaca can aya)">leap year</a></td> <td>366 days</td> <td>52 weeks + 2 days </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropical_year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropical year (kaca can aya)">tropical year</a></td> <td>365.24219 days</td> <td>average </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregorian_calendar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregorian calendar (kaca can aya)">Gregorian year</a></td> <td>365.2425 days</td> <td>average </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olympiad (kaca can aya)">Olympiad</a></td> <td>4 yéar cycle</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lustrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lustrum (kaca can aya)">lustrum</a></td> <td>5 yéars</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decade (kaca can aya)">decade</a></td> <td>10 yéars</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiction (kaca can aya)">Indiction</a></td> <td>15 yéar cycle</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Score&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Score (kaca can aya)">score</a></td> <td>20 yéars</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Generation (kaca can aya)">generation</a></td> <td>17 – 25 yéars</td> <td>approximate </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Century&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Century (kaca can aya)">century</a></td> <td>100 yéars</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millennium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millennium (kaca can aya)">millennium</a></td> <td>1,000 yéars</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/45px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/60px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:100%;"><b>Tempo ogé</b>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_standard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time standard (kaca can aya)">Time standard</a><span style="font-size:98%"> jeung </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(time)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orders of magnitude (time) (kaca can aya)">Orders of magnitude (time)</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=SI_base_unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SI base unit (kaca can aya)">SI base unit</a> for time is the <a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second (kaca can aya)">second</a>. From the second, larger units such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minute (kaca can aya)">minute</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hour (kaca can aya)">hour</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Day (kaca can aya)">day</a> are defined, though they are "non-SI" units because they do not use the decimal system, and also because of the occasional need for a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leap-second&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leap-second (kaca can aya)">leap-second</a>. They are, however, officially accepted for use <i>with</i> the International System. There are no fixed ratios between seconds and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Month&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Month (kaca can aya)">months</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Year (kaca can aya)">years</a> as months and yéars have significant variations in length.<sup id="cite_ref-si_units_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si_units-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official SI definition of the second is as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-si_units_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si_units-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-second_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-second-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The second is the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caesium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caesium (kaca can aya)">caesium</a> 133 atom. </p></blockquote> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <p>At its 1997 meeting, the CIPM affirmed that this definition refers to a caesium atom in its ground state at a temperature of 0 K.<sup id="cite_ref-si_units_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si_units-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previous to 1967, the second was defined as: </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>the fraction 1/31,556,925.9747 of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropical_year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropical year (kaca can aya)">tropical year</a> for 1900 January 0 at 12 hours <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephemeris_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ephemeris time (kaca can aya)">ephemeris time</a>. </p></blockquote> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <p>The current definition of the second, coupled with the current definition of the <a href="/wiki/Metre" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre">metre</a>, is based on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special_theory_of_relativity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Special theory of relativity (kaca can aya)">special theory of relativity</a>, which affirms our <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space-time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space-time (kaca can aya)">space-time</a> to be a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minkowski_space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minkowski space (kaca can aya)">Minkowski space</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_time">World time</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Édit bab: World time" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: World time"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The méasurement of time is so critical to the functioning of modérn societies that it is coordinated at an international level. The basis for scientific time is a continuous count of seconds based on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_clock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic clock (kaca can aya)">atomic clocks</a> around the world, known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Atomic_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Atomic Time (kaca can aya)">International Atomic Time (TAI)</a>. This is the yardstick for other time scales, including <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinated Universal Time">Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)</a>, which is the basis for civil time. </p><p>éarth is split up into a number of <a href="/wiki/Time_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Time zone">time zones</a>. Most time zones are exactly one hour apart, and by convention compute their local time as an offset from UTC or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwich_Mean_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenwich Mean Time (kaca can aya)">Greenwich Mean Time</a>. In many locations these offsets vary twice yéarly due to <a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Daylight saving time">daylight saving time</a> transitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sidereal_time">Sidereal time</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Édit bab: Sidereal time" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sidereal time"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidereal_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidereal time (kaca can aya)">Sidereal time</a> is the méasurement of time relative to a distant star (instéad of solar time that is relative to the sun). It is used in astronomy to predict when a star will be overhéad. Due to the rotation of the éarth around the sun a sideréal day is slightly less than a solar day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chronology">Chronology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Édit bab: Chronology" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Chronology"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/15px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/23px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:103%;"><i>Artikel utama</i>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronology (kaca can aya)">Chronology</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Another form of time méasurement consists of studying the <a href="/wiki/Past" class="mw-redirect" title="Past">past</a>. Events in the past can be ordered in a sequence (créating a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronology (kaca can aya)">chronology</a>), and be put into chronological groups (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodization (kaca can aya)">periodization</a>). One of the most important systems of periodization is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geologic_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geologic time (kaca can aya)">geologic time</a>, which is a system of periodizing the events that shaped the <a href="/wiki/Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth">Earth</a> and its life. Chronology, periodization, and interpretation of the past are together known as the study of <a href="/w/index.php?title=History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History (kaca can aya)">history</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:John_Bydell_-_Engraving_from_the_Goodly_Primer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/John_Bydell_-_Engraving_from_the_Goodly_Primer.png/250px-John_Bydell_-_Engraving_from_the_Goodly_Primer.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/John_Bydell_-_Engraving_from_the_Goodly_Primer.png/330px-John_Bydell_-_Engraving_from_the_Goodly_Primer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/John_Bydell_-_Engraving_from_the_Goodly_Primer.png/500px-John_Bydell_-_Engraving_from_the_Goodly_Primer.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2660" /></a><figcaption>Allegorical woodcut of Time, who "revealeth all things", guiding his daughter Truth away from the demon of Hypocrisy. John Byddell, 1535.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time_in_religion_and_mythology">Time in religion and mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Édit bab: Time in religion and mythology" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Time in religion and mythology"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Informasi salajengna: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Time_and_fate_deities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Time and fate deities (kaca can aya)">Category:Time and fate deities</a></i></dd></dl> <p>In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Testament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Testament (kaca can aya)">Old Testament</a> book <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecclesiastes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecclesiastes (kaca can aya)">Ecclesiastes</a>, traditionally ascribed to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon (kaca can aya)">Solomon</a> (970–928 BC), time (as the Hebrew word עדן, זמן <i>`iddan(time) zĕman(season)</i> is often translated) was traditionally regarded as a medium for the passage of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Predestination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predestination (kaca can aya)">predestined</a> events. (Another word, זמן <i>zman</i>, was current as meaning <i>time fit for an event</i>, and is used as the modern <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hebrew language (kaca can aya)">Hebrew</a> equivalent to the English word "time".) </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:HinduMeasurements.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/HinduMeasurements.svg/120px-HinduMeasurements.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="471" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/HinduMeasurements.svg/165px-HinduMeasurements.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/HinduMeasurements.svg/220px-HinduMeasurements.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_units_of_measurement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindu units of measurement (kaca can aya)">Hindu units of time</a> shown <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logarithmic_scale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logarithmic scale (kaca can aya)">logarithmically</a> </figcaption></figure> <blockquote> <p>There is an appointed time (<i>zman</i>) for everything. And there is a time (’êth) for every event under heaven–<br /> A time (<i>’êth</i>) to give birth, and a time to die; A time to plant, and a time to uproot what is planted.<br /> A time to kill, and a time to heal; A time to tear down, and a time to build up.<br /> A time to weep, and a time to laugh; A time to mourn, and a time to dance.<br /> A time to throw stones, and a time to gather stones; A time to embrace, and a time to shun embracing.<br /> A time to search, and a time to give up as lost; A time to keep, and a time to throw away.<br /> A time to tear apart, and a time to sew together; A time to be silent, and a time to speak.<br /> A time to love, and a time to hate; A time for war, and a time for peace. </p><p> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citakan:Bibleverse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citakan:Bibleverse (kaca can aya)">Citakan:Bibleverse</a> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linear_and_cyclical_time">Linear and cyclical time</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Édit bab: Linear and cyclical time" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Linear and cyclical time"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/45px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/60px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:100%;"><b>Tempo ogé</b>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_Cycles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time Cycles (kaca can aya)">Time Cycles</a><span style="font-size:98%"> jeung </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wheel_of_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wheel of time (kaca can aya)">Wheel of time</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>In general, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Judaeo-Christian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judaeo-Christian (kaca can aya)">Judaeo-Christian</a> concept, based on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bible&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bible (kaca can aya)">Bible</a>, is that time is linéar, with a beginning, the act of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Creation_myth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Creation myth (kaca can aya)">creation</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=God&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="God (kaca can aya)">God</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian (kaca can aya)">Christian</a> view assumes also an end, the eschaton, expected to happen when <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christ (kaca can aya)">Christ</a> returns to éarth in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Coming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Coming (kaca can aya)">Second Coming</a> to judge the living and the déad. This will be the consummation of the world and time. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustine_of_Hippo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustine of Hippo (kaca can aya)">St Augustine</a>'s <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_of_God&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City of God (kaca can aya)">City of God</a></i> was the first developed application of this concept to world history. The Christian view is that God is uncréated and eternal so that He and the supernatural world are outside time and exist in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eternity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eternity (kaca can aya)">eternity</a>. </p><p>Ancient cultures such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Incan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incan (kaca can aya)">Incan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayan (kaca can aya)">Mayan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hopi (kaca can aya)">Hopi</a>, and other Native American Tribes, plus the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Babylonian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Babylonian (kaca can aya)">Babylonian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Greek (kaca can aya)">Ancient Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist (kaca can aya)">Buddhist</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jainist (kaca can aya)">Jainist</a>, and others have a concept of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wheel_of_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wheel of time (kaca can aya)">wheel of time</a>, that regards time as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_cycle_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social cycle theory (kaca can aya)">cyclical</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantic (kaca can aya)">quantic</a> consisting of repéating ages that happen to every being of the Universe between birth and extinction. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time_in_philosophy">Time in philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Édit bab: Time in philosophy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Time in philosophy"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/15px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/23px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:103%;"><i>Artikel utama</i>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_space_and_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of space and time (kaca can aya)">Philosophy of space and time</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The éarliest recorded <a href="/w/index.php?title=African_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African philosophy (kaca can aya)">African philosophy</a> of time was expounded by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Egypt (kaca can aya)">ancient Egyptian</a> thinker <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptahhotep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ptahhotep (kaca can aya)">Ptahhotep</a> (c. 2650–2600 BC), who said: "Do not lessen the time of following desire, for the wasting of time is an abomination to the spirit."<sup title="Needs citation">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cutat_rujukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cutat rujukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a>]</sup> The <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedas (kaca can aya)">Vedas</a></i>, the éarliest texts on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian philosophy (kaca can aya)">Indian philosophy</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindu philosophy (kaca can aya)">Hindu philosophy</a> dating back to the late <a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_millennium_BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd millennium BC (kaca can aya)">2nd millennium BC</a>, describe ancient <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_cosmology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindu cosmology (kaca can aya)">Hindu cosmology</a>, in which the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universe (kaca can aya)">universe</a> goes through repéated cycles of création, destruction and rebirth, with éach cycle lasting 4,320,000 yéars. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient philosophy (kaca can aya)">Ancient</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek philosophy (kaca can aya)">Greek philosophers</a>, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parmenides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parmenides (kaca can aya)">Parmenides</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heraclitus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heraclitus (kaca can aya)">Heraclitus</a>, wrote essays on the nature of time.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Book 11 of <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Augustine_of_Hippo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Augustine of Hippo (kaca can aya)">St. Augustine's</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confessions (kaca can aya)">Confessions</a></i>, he ruminates on the nature of time, asking, "What then is time? If no one asks me, I know: if I wish to explain it to one that asketh, I know not." He settles on time being defined more by what it is not than what it is.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to ancient Greek philosophers who believed that the universe had an infinite past with no beginning, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medieval_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medieval philosophy (kaca can aya)">medieval philosophers</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theology (kaca can aya)">theologians</a> developed the concept of the universe having a finite past with a beginning. This view was inspired by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Creation_myth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Creation myth (kaca can aya)">creation myth</a> shared by the three <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abrahamic_religions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abrahamic religions (kaca can aya)">Abrahamic religions</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Judaism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judaism (kaca can aya)">Judaism</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity (kaca can aya)">Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian philosophy (kaca can aya)">Christian philosopher</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philoponus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Philoponus (kaca can aya)">John Philoponus</a>, presented the first such argument against the ancient Greek notion of an infinite past. However, the most sophisticated medieval arguments against an infinite past were developed by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Islamic_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early Islamic philosophy (kaca can aya)">early Muslim philosopher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Kindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kindi">Al-Kindi</a> (Alkindus); the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish philosophy (kaca can aya)">Jewish philosopher</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saadia_Gaon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saadia Gaon (kaca can aya)">Saadia Gaon</a> (Saadia ben Joseph); and the <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Muslim theologian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a> (Algazel). They developed two logical arguments against an infinite past, the first being the "argument from the impossibility of the existence of an actual infinite", which states:<sup id="cite_ref-Craig_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Craig-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>"An actual infinite cannot exist."</dd> <dd>"An infinite temporal regress of events is an actual infinite."</dd> <dd>"<span class="Unicode">∴</span> An infinite temporal regress of events cannot exist."</dd></dl> <p>The second argument, the "argument from the impossibility of completing an actual infinite by successive addition", states:<sup id="cite_ref-Craig_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Craig-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>"An actual infinite cannot be completed by successive addition."</dd> <dd>"The temporal series of past events has been completed by successive addition."</dd> <dd>"<span class="Unicode">∴</span> The temporal series of past events cannot be an actual infinite."</dd></dl> <p>Both arguments were adopted by later Christian philosophers and théologians, and the second argument in particular became more famous after it was adopted by <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> in his thesis of the first antimony concerning time.<sup id="cite_ref-Craig_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Craig-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> believed time and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space (kaca can aya)">space</a> form a container for events, which is as réal as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Object (philosophy) (kaca can aya)">objects</a> it contains. </p> <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;"><p> Absolute, true, and mathematical time, in and of itself and of its own nature, without reference to anything external, flows uniformly and by another name is called duration. Relative, apparent, and common time is any sensible and external measure (precise or imprecise) of duration by means of motion; such a measure – for example, an hour, a day, a month, a year – is commonly used instead of true time. </p><p style="text-align: right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;">—<i>Principia</i><sup id="cite_ref-newton_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newton-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </blockquote> <p>In contrast to Newton's belief in absolute space, and a precursor to Kantian time, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottfried Leibniz (kaca can aya)">Leibniz</a> believed that time and space are relational.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The differences between Leibniz's and Newton's interpretations came to a héad in the famous <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Leibniz-Clarke_Correspondence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence (kaca can aya)">Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence</a>. Leibniz thought of time as a fundamental part of an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abstract_structure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abstract structure (kaca can aya)">abstract</a> conceptual framework, together with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space (kaca can aya)">space</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Number (kaca can aya)">number</a>, within which we sequence events, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantity (kaca can aya)">quantify</a> their duration, and compare the motions of objects. In this view, <i>time</i> does not refer to any kind of entity that "flows," that objects "move through," or that is a "container" for events. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, in the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Critique_of_Pure_Reason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Critique of Pure Reason (kaca can aya)">Critique of Pure Reason</a></i>, described time as an <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_and_a_posteriori_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A priori and a posteriori (philosophy) (kaca can aya)">a priori</a></i> intuition that allows us (together with the other <i>a priori</i> intuition, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space (kaca can aya)">space</a>) to comprehend sense experience.<sup id="cite_ref-kant_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kant-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Kant, neither space nor time are conceived as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Substance_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Substance theory (kaca can aya)">substances</a>, but rather both are elements of a systematic mental <a href="/w/index.php?title=Framework&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Framework (kaca can aya)">framework</a> that necessarily structures the experiences of any rational agent, or observing subject. Spatial <a href="/w/index.php?title=Measurement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Measurement (kaca can aya)">measurements</a> are used to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantity (kaca can aya)">quantify</a> how far apart <a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Object (philosophy) (kaca can aya)">objects</a> are, and temporal méasurements are used to quantify how far apart <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phenomenon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phenomenon (kaca can aya)">events</a> occur. </p><p>In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Existentialism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Existentialism (kaca can aya)">Existentialism</a>, time is considered fundamental to the question of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Being&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Being (kaca can aya)">being</a>,<sup title="Needs citation">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cutat_rujukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cutat rujukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a>]</sup> in particular by the philosopher <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Heidegger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Heidegger (kaca can aya)">Martin Heidegger</a>.<sup title="Needs citation">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cutat_rujukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cutat rujukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a>]</sup> (See <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontology (kaca can aya)">Ontology</a>). </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Bergson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Bergson (kaca can aya)">Henri Bergson</a> believed that time was neither a réal homogenéous medium nor a mental construct, but possesses what he referred to as <i>Duration</i>. Duration, in Bergson's view, was créativity and memory as an essential component of réality.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Time_as_"unreal""><span id="Time_as_.22unreal.22"></span>Time as "unreal"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Édit bab: Time as "unreal"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Time as "unreal""><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 5th century BC <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greece (kaca can aya)">Greece</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiphon_(person)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiphon (person) (kaca can aya)">Antiphon</a> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sophist (kaca can aya)">Sophist</a>, in a fragment preserved from his chief work <i>On Truth</i> held that: <i>"Time is not a reality (hypostasis), but a concept (noêma) or a measure (metron)."</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parmenides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parmenides (kaca can aya)">Parmenides</a> went further, maintaining that time, motion, and change were illusions, léading to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno%27s_paradoxes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeno's paradoxes (kaca can aya)">paradoxes</a> of his follower <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_of_Elea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeno of Elea (kaca can aya)">Zeno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Time as illusion is also a common theme in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist (kaca can aya)">Buddhist</a> thought,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some modérn philosophers have carried on with this theme. <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._M._E._McTaggart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. M. E. McTaggart (kaca can aya)">J. M. E. McTaggart</a>'s 1908 <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Unreality_of_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Unreality of Time (kaca can aya)">The Unreality of Time</a></i>, for example, argues that time is unréal (see also <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_space_and_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of space and time (kaca can aya)">The flow of time</a>). </p><p>However, these arguments often center around what it méans for something to be "real". modérn physicists generally consider time to be as "real" as space, though others such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_Barbour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian Barbour (kaca can aya)">Julian Barbour</a> in his <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_End_of_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The End of Time (kaca can aya)">The End of Time</a></i> argue that quantum equations of the universe take their true form when expressed in the timeless <a href="/w/index.php?title=Configuration_space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Configuration space (kaca can aya)">configuration spacerealm</a> containing every possible "Now" or momentary configuration of the universe, which he terms 'platonia'.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See also: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eternalism_(philosophy_of_time)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eternalism (philosophy of time) (kaca can aya)">Eternalism (philosophy of time)</a>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time_in_the_physical_sciences">Time in the physical sciences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Édit bab: Time in the physical sciences" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Time in the physical sciences"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/15px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/23px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:103%;"><i>Artikel utama</i>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_in_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time in physics (kaca can aya)">Time in physics</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>From the age of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a> up until <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein's</a> profound reinterpretation of the physical concepts associated with time and space, time was considered to be "absolute" and to flow "equably" (to use the words of Newton) for all observers.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The science of classical mechanics is based on this Newtonian idéa of time. </p><p>Einstein, in his <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special_relativity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Special relativity (kaca can aya)">special theory of relativity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> postulated the constancy and finiténess of the speed of light for all observers. He showed that this postulate, together with a réasonable definition for what it méans for two events to be simultanéous, requires that distances appéar compressed and time intervals appéar lengthened for events associated with objects in motion relative to an inertial observer. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Einstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein">Einstein</a> showed that if time and space is méasured using electromagnetic phenomena (like light bouncing between mirrors) then due to the constancy of the speed of light, time and space become mathematically entangled together in a certain way (called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minkowski_space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minkowski space (kaca can aya)">Minkowski</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space (kaca can aya)">space</a>) which in turn results in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorentz_transformation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorentz transformation (kaca can aya)">Lorentz transformation</a> and in entanglement of all other important derivative physical quantities (like energy, momentum, mass, force, etc) in a certain 4-vectorial way (see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special_relativity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Special relativity (kaca can aya)">special relativity</a> for more details). </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:210px; float: right; clear: right; text-align:center; margin-top:1em;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:90%; background:#DCF0FF"> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9kanika_klasik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mékanika klasik (kaca can aya)">Mékanika klasik</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}={\frac {\mathrm {d} }{\mathrm {d} t}}(m{\vec {v}})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}={\frac {\mathrm {d} }{\mathrm {d} t}}(m{\vec {v}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1c05da036849f0c0f1a24e144e0aba17558a6a03" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:12.863ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}={\frac {\mathrm {d} }{\mathrm {d} t}}(m{\vec {v}})}" /></span><br /><small><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton%27s_laws_of_motion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newton's laws of motion (kaca can aya)">Hukum gerak Newton kadua</a></small></small> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; background:#DCF0FF"> <td><i>Jejer konci</i> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 80%; line-height: 160%;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_classical_mechanics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of classical mechanics (kaca can aya)">Sajarah ...</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; background:#DCF0FF"> <td><i>Konsép dasar</i> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 80%;line-height: 155%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rohang" title="Rohang">Rohang</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Waktu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">Massa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gaya" title="Gaya">Gaya</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergi" title="Énergi">Énergi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mom%C3%A9ntum" title="Moméntum">Moméntum</a><br /> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;">Formulasi </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hukum_gerak_Newton" title="Hukum gerak Newton">MÉkanika Newtonian</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9kanika_Lagrangian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mékanika Lagrangian (kaca can aya)">Mékanika Lagrangian</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9kanika_Hamiltonian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mékanika Hamiltonian (kaca can aya)">Mékanika Hamiltonian</a> <br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;">Cabang </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9kanika_terapan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mékanika terapan (kaca can aya)">Mékanika terapan</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9kanika_celestial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mékanika celestial (kaca can aya)">Mékanika celestial</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9kanika_kontinum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mékanika kontinum (kaca can aya)">Mékanika kontinum</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika_g%C3%A9ometrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optika géometrik (kaca can aya)">Optika géometrik</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9kanika_statistika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mékanika statistika (kaca can aya)">Mékanika statistika</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;">Élmuwan </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a> · <a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Euler</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert (kaca can aya)">d'Alembert</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_Clairaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexis Clairaut (kaca can aya)">Clairaut</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Louis_Lagrange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Louis Lagrange (kaca can aya)">Lagrange</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Simon_Laplace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Simon Laplace (kaca can aya)">Laplace</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rowan_Hamilton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Rowan Hamilton (kaca can aya)">Hamilton</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Hertz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Hertz (kaca can aya)">Hertz</a><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;">Élmuwan </th></tr> <tr> <td>{{{Scientists}}} · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontributor_keur_M%C3%A9kanika_klasik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontributor keur Mékanika klasik (kaca can aya)"><i>lianna</i></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><center><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" id="Tnavbar" style="background-color: transparent; padding: 0; font-size:xx-small; color:#000000; white-space: nowrap;">Kotak ieu: <a class="external text" href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citakan:M%C3%A9kanika_klasik"><span style="color:#002bb8;" title="Tempo citakan ieu.">tempo</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obrolan_citakan:M%C3%A9kanika_klasik"><span style="color:#002bb8;" title="Sawalakeun citakan ieu.">sawala</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://su.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Citakan:M%C3%A9kanika_klasik&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;" title="Anjeun bisa ngédit citakan ieu. Mangga pigunakeun 'Témbongkeun sawangan' saméméh nyimpen.">édit</span></a></div></center> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Time_in_classical_mechanics">Time in classical mechanics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Édit bab: Time in classical mechanics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Time in classical mechanics"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Classical_mechanics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Classical mechanics (kaca can aya)">classical mechanics</a> Newton's concept of "relative, apparent, and common time" can be used in the formulation of a prescription for the synchronization of clocks. Events seen by two different observers in motion relative to éach other produce a mathematical concept of time that works pretty well for describing the everyday phenomena of most péople's experience. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Time_in_modern_physics">Time in modern physics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Édit bab: Time in modern physics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Time in modern physics"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late nineteenth century, physicists encountered problems with the classical understanding of time, in connection with the behavior of electricity and magnetism. Einstein resolved these problems by invoking a method of synchronizing clocks using the constant, finite speed of light as the maximum signal velocity. This led directly to the result that time appéars to elapse at different rates relative to different observers in motion relative to one another. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:World_line2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/World_line2.svg/250px-World_line2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/World_line2.svg/500px-World_line2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Two-dimensional space depicted in three-dimensional <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spacetime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spacetime (kaca can aya)">spacetime</a>. The past and future <a href="/w/index.php?title=Light_cone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Light cone (kaca can aya)">light cones</a> are absolute, the "present" is a relative concept different for observers in relative motion.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spacetime">Spacetime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Édit bab: Spacetime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Spacetime"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/15px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/23px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:103%;"><i>Artikel utama</i>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spacetime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spacetime (kaca can aya)">Spacetime</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>modérn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physics (kaca can aya)">physics</a> views the curvature of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spacetime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spacetime (kaca can aya)">spacetime</a> around an object as much a féature of that object as are its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mass (kaca can aya)">mass</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volume (kaca can aya)">volume</a>.<sup title="Needs citation">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cutat_rujukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cutat rujukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a>]</sup> </p><p>Time has historically been closely related with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space (kaca can aya)">space</a>, the two together comprising <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spacetime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spacetime (kaca can aya)">spacetime</a> in <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein's</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special_relativity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Special relativity (kaca can aya)">special relativity</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_relativity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General relativity (kaca can aya)">general relativity</a>. According to these théories, the concept of time depends on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inertial_frame_of_reference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inertial frame of reference (kaca can aya)">spatial reference frame of the observer</a>, and the human perception as well as the méasurement by instruments such as clocks are different for observers in relative motion.<sup title="Needs citation">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cutat_rujukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cutat rujukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a>]</sup> Even the temporal order of events can change, but the past and future are defined by the backward and forward <a href="/w/index.php?title=Light_cone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Light cone (kaca can aya)">light cones</a>, which never change.<sup title="Needs citation">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cutat_rujukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cutat rujukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Past" class="mw-redirect" title="Past">past</a> is the set of events that can send light signals to the observer, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Future&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Future (kaca can aya)">future</a> the events to which the observer can send light signals. All else is non-observable and within that set of events the very time-order differs for different observers.<sup title="Needs citation">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cutat_rujukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cutat rujukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Time_dilation">Time dilation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Édit bab: Time dilation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Time dilation"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Relativity_of_simultaneity_(color).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Relativity_of_simultaneity_%28color%29.png/250px-Relativity_of_simultaneity_%28color%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Relativity_of_simultaneity_%28color%29.png/330px-Relativity_of_simultaneity_%28color%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Relativity_of_simultaneity_%28color%29.png/500px-Relativity_of_simultaneity_%28color%29.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relativity_of_simultaneity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relativity of simultaneity (kaca can aya)">Relativity of simultaneity</a>: Event B is simultanéous with A in the green reference frame, but it occurred before in the blue frame, and will occur later in the red frame.</figcaption></figure> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/15px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/23px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:103%;"><i>Artikel utama</i>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_dilation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time dilation (kaca can aya)">Time dilation</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>"Time is nature's way of keeping everything from happening at once". This quote, attributed variously to <a href="/wiki/Einstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein">Einstein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Archibald_Wheeler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Archibald Wheeler (kaca can aya)">John Archibald Wheeler</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Woody_Allen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woody Allen (kaca can aya)">Woody Allen</a>, says that time is what separates <a href="/w/index.php?title=Causality_(physics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Causality (physics) (kaca can aya)">cause and effect</a>. Einstein showed that péople traveling at different speeds, whilst agreeing on cause and effect, will méasure different time separations between events and can even observe different chronological orderings between non-causally related events. Though these effects are minute unless one is traveling at a speed close to that of light, the effect becomes pronounced for objects moving at speeds approaching the speed of light. Many <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subatomic_particle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subatomic particle (kaca can aya)">subatomic particles</a> exist for only a fixed fraction of a second in a lab relatively at rest, but some that travel close to the speed of light can be méasured to travel further and survive much longer than expected (a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muon (kaca can aya)">muon</a> is one example). According to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special_relativity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Special relativity (kaca can aya)">special theory of relativity</a>, in the high-speed particle's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inertial_reference_frame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inertial reference frame (kaca can aya)">frame of reference</a>, it exists, on the average, for a standard amount of time known as its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mean_lifetime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mean lifetime (kaca can aya)">mean lifetime</a>, and the distance it travels in that time is zero, because its velocity is zero. Relative to a frame of reference at rest, time seems to "slow down" for the particle. Relative to the high-speed particle, distances seems to shorten. Even in Newtonian terms time may be considered the fourth dimension of motion; but Einstein showed how both temporal and spatial dimensions can be altered (or "warped") by high-speed motion. </p><p>Einstein (<i>The Meaning of Relativity</i>): "Two <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spacetime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spacetime (kaca can aya)">events</a> taking place at the points A and B of a system K are simultaneous if they appear at the same instant when observed from the middle point, M, of the interval AB. Time is then defined as the ensemble of the indications of similar clocks, at rest relatively to K, which register the same simultaneously." </p><p>Einstein wrote in his book, <i>Relativity</i>, that <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relativity_of_simultaneity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relativity of simultaneity (kaca can aya)">simultaneity is also relative</a>, i.e., two events that appéar simultanéous to an observer in a particular inertial reference frame need not be judged as simultanéous by a second observer in a different inertial frame of reference. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relativistic_time_versus_Newtonian_time">Relativistic time versus Newtonian time</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Édit bab: Relativistic time versus Newtonian time" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Relativistic time versus Newtonian time"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Galilean_transform_of_world_line.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Galilean_transform_of_world_line.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Views of spacetime along the <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World line (kaca can aya)">world line</a> of a rapidly accelerating observer in a Newtonian universe. The events ("dots") that pass the horizontal line are the events current to the observer.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Lorentz_transform_of_world_line.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Lorentz_transform_of_world_line.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Views of spacetime along the <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World line (kaca can aya)">world line</a> of a rapidly accelerating observer in a relativistic universe. The events ("dots") that pass the two diagonal lines in the bottom half of the image (the past <a href="/w/index.php?title=Light_cone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Light cone (kaca can aya)">light cone</a> of the observer in the origin) are the events visible to the observer.</figcaption></figure> <p>The animations on the left and the right visualise the different tréatments of time in the Newtonian and the relativistic descriptions. At héart of these differences are the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galilean_transformation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galilean transformation (kaca can aya)">Galilean</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorentz_transformation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorentz transformation (kaca can aya)">Lorentz transformations</a> applicable in the Newtonian and relativistic théories, respectively. </p><p>In both figures, the vertical direction indicates time. The horizontal direction indicates distance (only one spatial dimension is taken into account), and the thick dashed curve is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spacetime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spacetime (kaca can aya)">spacetime</a> trajectory ("<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World line (kaca can aya)">world line</a>") of the observer. The small dots indicate specific (past and future) events in spacetime. </p><p>The slope of the world line (deviation from being vertical) gives the relative velocity to the observer. Note how in both pictures the view of spacetime changes when the observer accelerates. </p><p>In the Newtonian description these changes are such that <i>time</i> is absolute: the movements of the observer do not influence whether an event occurs in the 'now' (i.e. whether an event passes the horizontal line through the observer). </p><p>However, in the relativistic description the <i>observability of events</i> is absolute: the movements of the observer influences whether an event passes the light cone of the observer. Notice that with the change from a Newtonian to a relativistic description, the concept of <i>absolute time</i> is no longer applicable: events move up-and-down in the figure depending on the acceleration of the observer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrow_of_time">Arrow of time</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Édit bab: Arrow of time" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Arrow of time"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/15px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/23px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:103%;"><i>Artikel utama</i>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrow_of_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrow of time (kaca can aya)">Arrow of time</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Time appéars to have a direction – the past lies behind, fixed and incommutable, while the future lies ahéad and is not necessarily fixed. Yet the majority of the laws of physics don't provide this <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrow_of_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrow of time (kaca can aya)">arrow of time</a>. The exceptions include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_law_of_thermodynamics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second law of thermodynamics (kaca can aya)">Second law of thermodynamics</a>, which states that <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropy (kaca can aya)">entropy</a> must incréase over time (see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropy_(arrow_of_time)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropy (arrow of time) (kaca can aya)">Entropy</a>); the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_cosmology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical cosmology (kaca can aya)">cosmological</a> arrow of time, which points away from the <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>, and the radiative arrow of time, caused by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Light&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Light (kaca can aya)">light</a> only traveling forwards in time. In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Particle_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Particle physics (kaca can aya)">particle physics</a>, there is also the wéak arrow of time, from <a href="/w/index.php?title=CPT_symmetry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CPT symmetry (kaca can aya)">CPT symmetry</a>, and also <a href="/w/index.php?title=Measurement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Measurement (kaca can aya)">measurement</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantum_mechanics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantum mechanics (kaca can aya)">quantum mechanics</a> (see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Measurement in quantum mechanics (kaca can aya)">Measurement in quantum mechanics</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quantised_time">Quantised time</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Édit bab: Quantised time" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Quantised time"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/45px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/60px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:100%;"><b>Tempo ogé</b>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronon (kaca can aya)">Chronon</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Time quantization is a hypothetical concept. In the modérn established physical théories (the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_Model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard Model (kaca can aya)">Standard Model</a> of Particles and Interactions and <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Relativity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Relativity (kaca can aya)">General Relativity</a>) time is not quantized. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planck_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planck time (kaca can aya)">Planck time</a> (~ <a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E-44_s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E-44 s (kaca can aya)">5.4 × 10<sup>−44</sup></a> seconds) is the unit of time in the system of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_units&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural units (kaca can aya)">natural units</a> known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planck_units&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planck units (kaca can aya)">Planck units</a>. Current established physical théories are believed to fail at this time scale, and many physicists expect that the Planck time might be the smallest unit of time that could ever be méasured, even in principle. Tentative physical théories that describe this time scale exist; see for instance <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loop_quantum_gravity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loop quantum gravity (kaca can aya)">loop quantum gravity</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time_and_the_Big_Bang">Time and the Big Bang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Édit bab: Time and the Big Bang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Time and the Big Bang"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Hawking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Hawking (kaca can aya)">Stephen Hawking</a> in particular has addressed a connection between time and the <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>. He has sometimes stated that we may as well assume that time began with the Big Bang because trying to answer any question about what happened <i>before</i> the Big Bang is trying to answer a question that is méaningless <i>as those events would have been part of a different time frame and different universe outside of the scope of the Big Bang theory</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BOT-lecture_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOT-lecture-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristotelian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristotelian (kaca can aya)">Aristotelian</a> philosopher <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mortimer_J._Adler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mortimer J. Adler (kaca can aya)">Mortimer J. Adler</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has criticized some expositions that Hawking has given stating that time didn't exist before the big bang. </p><p>Hawking, in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Brief_History_of_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Brief History of Time (kaca can aya)">A Brief History of Time</a></i> and elsewhere, along with several other modérn physicists, has stated his position more cléarly and less controversially: that even if time did not begin with the Big Bang and there were another time frame before the Big Bang, no information from events then would be accessible to us, and nothing that happened then would have any effect upon the present time-frame.<sup id="cite_ref-BOT-lecture-B_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOT-lecture-B-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scientists have come to some agreement on descriptions of events that happened 10<sup>−35</sup> seconds after the Big Bang, but generally agree that descriptions about what happened before one <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planck_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planck time (kaca can aya)">Planck time</a> (5 × 10<sup>−44</sup> seconds) after the Big Bang will likely remain pure speculation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speculative_physics_beyond_the_Big_Bang">Speculative physics beyond the Big Bang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Édit bab: Speculative physics beyond the Big Bang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Speculative physics beyond the Big Bang"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg/330px-CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg/500px-CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg/960px-CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption>A graphical representation of the expansion of the universe with the inflationary epoch represented as the dramatic expansion of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_tensor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metric tensor (kaca can aya)">metric</a> seen on the left. Image from <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, 2006.</figcaption></figure> <p>While the Big Bang modél is well established in cosmology, it is likely to be refined in the future. Little is known about the éarliest moments of the universe's history. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penrose-Hawking_singularity_theorems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems (kaca can aya)">Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems</a> require the existence of a singularity at the beginning of cosmic time. However, these théorems assume that <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_relativity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General relativity (kaca can aya)">general relativity</a> is correct, but general relativity must bréak down before the universe réaches the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planck_temperature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planck temperature (kaca can aya)">Planck temperature</a>, and a correct tréatment of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantum_gravity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantum gravity (kaca can aya)">quantum gravity</a> may avoid the singularity.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There may also be parts of the universe well beyond what can be observed in principle. If inflation occurred this is likely, for exponential expansion would push large regions of space beyond our observable horizon. </p><p>Some proposals, éach of which entails untested hypotheses, are: </p> <ul><li>modéls including the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartle-Hawking_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hartle-Hawking state (kaca can aya)">Hartle-Hawking boundary condition</a> in which the whole of space-time is finite; the Big Bang does represent the limit of time, but without the need for a singularity.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brane_cosmology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brane cosmology (kaca can aya)">brane cosmology</a> modéls<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which inflation is due to the movement of branes in <a href="/w/index.php?title=String_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="String theory (kaca can aya)">string theory</a>; the pre-big bang modél; the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekpyrotic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekpyrotic (kaca can aya)">ekpyrotic</a> modél, in which the Big Bang is the result of a collision between branes; and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclic_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclic model (kaca can aya)">cyclic model</a>, a variant of the ekpyrotic modél in which collisions occur periodically.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rebirth_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rebirth-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rebirth2_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rebirth2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaotic_inflation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaotic inflation (kaca can aya)">chaotic inflation</a>, in which inflation events start here and there in a random quantum-gravity foam, éach léading to a <i>bubble universe</i> expanding from its own big bang.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Proposals in the last two categories see the Big Bang as an event in a much larger and older universe, or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiverse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multiverse (kaca can aya)">multiverse</a>, and not the literal beginning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time_travel">Time travel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Édit bab: Time travel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Time travel"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/15px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/23px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:103%;"><i>Artikel utama</i>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_travel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time travel (kaca can aya)">Time travel</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/45px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/60px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:100%;"><b>Tempo ogé</b>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_travel_in_fiction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time travel in fiction (kaca can aya)">Time travel in fiction</a><span style="font-size:98%"> jeung </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grandfather_paradox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grandfather paradox (kaca can aya)">Grandfather paradox</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Time travel is the concept of moving backwards and/or forwards to different points in time, in a manner analogous to moving through <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space (kaca can aya)">space</a> and different than the "normal" flow of time to an éarthbound observer. Although time travel has been a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plot_device&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plot device (kaca can aya)">plot device</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiction (kaca can aya)">fiction</a> since the 19th century, and one-way travel into the future is arguably possible given the phenomenon of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_dilation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time dilation (kaca can aya)">time dilation</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theory_of_relativity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theory of relativity (kaca can aya)">theory of relativity</a>, it is currently unknown whether the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laws_of_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laws of physics (kaca can aya)">laws of physics</a> would allow time travel to the past. Any technological device, whether fictional or hypothetical, that is used to achieve time travel is known as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time machine (kaca can aya)">time machine</a>. </p><p>A central problem with time travel to the past is the violation of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Causality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Causality (kaca can aya)">causality</a>; should an effect precede its cause, it would give rise to the possibility of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temporal_paradox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temporal paradox (kaca can aya)">temporal paradox</a>. Some interpretations of time travel resolve this by accepting the possibility of travel between <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiverse_(science)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multiverse (science) (kaca can aya)">parallel realities</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universe (kaca can aya)">universes</a>. </p><p>Théory would point toward there having to be a physical <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimension&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimension (kaca can aya)">dimension</a> in which one could travel to, where the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Present&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Present (kaca can aya)">present</a> (i.e. the point that which you are léaving) would be present at a point fixed in either the past or future. Seeing as this théory would be dependent upon the théory of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiverse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multiverse (kaca can aya)">multiverse</a>, it is uncertain how or if it would be possible to just prove the possibility of time travel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perception_of_time">Perception of time</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Édit bab: Perception of time" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perception of time"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Time_in_psychology">Time in psychology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Édit bab: Time in psychology" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Time in psychology"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/45px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/60px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:100%;"><b>Tempo ogé</b>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_chronometry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mental chronometry (kaca can aya)">Mental chronometry</a><span style="font-size:98%"> jeung </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sense_of_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sense of time (kaca can aya)">Sense of time</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Even in the presence of timepieces, different individuals may judge an identical length of time to be passing at different rates.<sup title="Needs citation">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cutat_rujukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cutat rujukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a>]</sup> Commonly, this is referred to as time seeming to "fly" (a period of time seeming to pass faster than possible) or time seeming to "drag" (a period of time seeming to pass slower than possible). The psychologist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Piaget&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Piaget (kaca can aya)">Jean Piaget</a> called this form of time perception "lived time."<sup title="Needs citation">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cutat_rujukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cutat rujukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a>]</sup> </p><p>This common experience was used to familiarize the general public to the idéas presented by <a href="/wiki/Einstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein">Einstein</a>'s théory of relativity in a 1930 cartoon by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_%22George%22_Strube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidney "George" Strube (kaca can aya)">Sidney "George" Strube</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Priestley_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Priestley-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sunrise_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sunrise-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;"> <p><b>Man:</b> Well, it's like this,—supposing I were to sit next to a pretty girl for half an hour it would seem like half a minute,—<br /><b>Einstein:</b> Braffo! You the idea haf! [<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sic (kaca can aya)">sic</a></i>]<br /><b>Man:</b> But if I were to sit on a hot stove for two seconds then it would seem like two hours. </p><p><br /> </p> </blockquote> <p>A form of temporal illusion verifiable by experiment is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kappa_effect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kappa effect (kaca can aya)">kappa effect</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Wada_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wada-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereby time intervals between visual events are perceived as relatively longer or shorter depending on the relative spatial positions of the events. In other words: the perception of temporal intervals appéars to be directly affected, in these cases, by the perception of spatial intervals. </p><p>Time also appéars to pass more quickly as one gets older.<sup title="Needs citation">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cutat_rujukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cutat rujukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a>]</sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Hawking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Hawking (kaca can aya)">Stephen Hawking</a> suggests that the perception of time is a ratio: <i>Unit of Time : Time Lived</i>.<sup title="Needs citation">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cutat_rujukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cutat rujukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a>]</sup> For example, one hour to a six-month-old person would be approximately "1:4032", while one hour to a 40-yéar-old would be "1:349,440". Therefore an hour appéars much longer to a young child than to an aged adult, even though the méasure of time is the same. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Time_in_altered_states_of_consciousness">Time in altered states of consciousness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Édit bab: Time in altered states of consciousness" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Time in altered states of consciousness"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Altered states of consciousness are sometimes characterized by a different estimation of time. Some psychoactive substances – such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entheogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entheogen (kaca can aya)">entheogens</a> – may also dramatically alter a person's temporal judgement. When viewed under the influence of such substances as <a href="/w/index.php?title=LSD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LSD (kaca can aya)">LSD</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychedelic_mushrooms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychedelic mushrooms (kaca can aya)">psychedelic mushrooms</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peyote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peyote (kaca can aya)">peyote</a>, a clock may appéar to be a strange reference point and a useless tool for méasuring the passage of events as it does not correlate with the user's experience. At higher doses, time may appéar to slow down, stop, speed up, go backwards and even seem out of sequence. A typical thought might be "I can't believe it's only 8 o'clock, but then again, what does 8 o'clock mean?" As the boundaries for experiencing time are removed, so is its relevance. Many users claim this unbounded timelessness feels like a glimpse into spiritual infinity. To imagine that one exists somewhere "outside" of time is one of the hallmark experiences of a psychedelic voyage.<sup title="Needs citation">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cutat_rujukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cutat rujukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a>]</sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabis (drug) (kaca can aya)">Marijuana</a>, a milder psychedelic, may also distort the perception of time to a lesser degree.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The practice of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meditation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meditation (kaca can aya)">meditation</a>, central to all Buddhist traditions, takes as its goal the reflection of the mind back upon itself, thus altering the subjective experience of time; the so called, 'entering the now', or 'the moment'.<sup title="Needs citation">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cutat_rujukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cutat rujukan"><i>rujukan?</i></a>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Édit bab: Culture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=26" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Culture"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Culture is another variable contributing to the perception of time. Anthropologist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Lee_Whorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Lee Whorf (kaca can aya)">Benjamin Lee Whorf</a> reported after studying the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hopi (kaca can aya)">Hopi</a> cultures that: "… the Hopi language is seen to contain no words, grammatical forms, construction or expressions or that refer directly to what we call “time”, or to past, present, or future…"<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whorf's assertion has been challenged and modified. Pinker debunks Whorf's claims about time in the Hopi language, pointing out that the anthropologist Malotki (1983) has found that the Hopi do have a concept of time very similar to that of other cultures; they have units of time, and a sophisticated calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_time">Use of time</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Édit bab: Use of time" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=27" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Use of time"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/45px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/60px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:100%;"><b>Tempo ogé</b>:</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_management&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time management (kaca can aya)">Time management</a><span style="font-size:98%"> jeung </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_discipline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time discipline (kaca can aya)">Time discipline</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociology (kaca can aya)">sociology</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthropology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthropology (kaca can aya)">anthropology</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_discipline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time discipline (kaca can aya)">time discipline</a> is the general name given to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Society (kaca can aya)">social</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economics (kaca can aya)">economic</a> rules, conventions, customs, and expectations governing the méasurement of time, the social currency and awareness of time méasurements, and péople's expectations concerning the observance of these customs by others. </p><p>The use of time is an important issue in understanding <a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_behaviour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human behaviour (kaca can aya)">human behaviour</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education (kaca can aya)">education</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Travel_behaviour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Travel behaviour (kaca can aya)">travel behaviour</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_use_research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time use research (kaca can aya)">Time use research</a> is a developing field of study. The question concerns how time is allocated across a number of activities (such as time spent at home, at work, shopping, etc.). Time use changes with <a href="/wiki/Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology">technology</a>, as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television (kaca can aya)">television</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Internet" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet">Internet</a> créated new opportunities to use time in different ways. However, some aspects of time use are relatively stable over long periods of time, such as the amount of time spent traveling to work, which despite major changes in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport (kaca can aya)">transport</a>, has been observed to be about 20–30 minutes one-way for a large number of cities over a long period of time. This has led to the disputed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_budget_hypothesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time budget hypothesis (kaca can aya)">time budget hypothesis</a>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_management&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time management (kaca can aya)">Time management</a> is the organization of tasks or events by first estimating how much time a task will take to be completed, when it must be completed, and then adjusting events that would interfere with its completion so that completion is réached in the appropriate amount of time. Calendars and day planners are common examples of time management tools. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arlie_Russell_Hochschild&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arlie Russell Hochschild (kaca can aya)">Arlie Russell Hochschild</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Elias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norbert Elias (kaca can aya)">Norbert Elias</a> have written on the use of time from a sociological perspective. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tempo_ogé"><span id="Tempo_og.C3.A9"></span>Tempo ogé</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Édit bab: Tempo ogé" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=28" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tempo ogé"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Le_Temps.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Le_Temps.JPG/250px-Le_Temps.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Le_Temps.JPG/330px-Le_Temps.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Le_Temps.JPG/500px-Le_Temps.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="2931" /></a><figcaption>Time's mortal aspect is personified in this bronze statue by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_van_der_Stappen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles van der Stappen (kaca can aya)">Charles van der Stappen</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:P_blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_blank.svg/40px-P_blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_blank.svg/60px-P_blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_blank.svg/120px-P_blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></td> <td><i><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal_Portal_Portal_Portal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal Portal Portal Portal (kaca can aya)">Portal Portal Portal Portal</a></b></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint tright portal" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0.5em;"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9; font-size:85%; line-height:110%; max-width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/32px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/47px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/63px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: middle"><i><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Time (kaca can aya)">Portal Time </a></b></i> </td></tr> <tr valign="middle"> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/32px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/47px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/63px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: middle"><i><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:MontreGousset001.jpg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:MontreGousset001.jpg (kaca can aya)">Portal MontreGousset001.jpg </a></b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <dl><dd><i>See the Time <a href="#Navigation_templates">navigation templates</a> below for an exhaustive list of related articles.</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Édit bab: Books" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=29" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Books"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Brief_History_of_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Brief History of Time (kaca can aya)">A Brief History of Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=About_Time_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="About Time (book) (kaca can aya)">About Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Experiment_with_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Experiment with Time (kaca can aya)">An Experiment with Time</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizations">Organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Édit bab: Organizations" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=30" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Organizations"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Leading scholarly organizations for researchers on the history and technology of time and timekeeping</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiquarian_Horological_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiquarian Horological Society (kaca can aya)">Antiquarian Horological Society</a> - AHS (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_Fran%C3%A7aise_des_Amateurs_d%27Horlogerie_Ancienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association Française des Amateurs d'Horlogerie Ancienne (kaca can aya)">Association Française des Amateurs d'Horlogerie Ancienne</a> - AFAHA (France)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronometrophilia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronometrophilia (kaca can aya)">Chronometrophilia</a> (Switzerland)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Chronometrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chronometrie (kaca can aya)">Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chronometrie</a> - DGC (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HORA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HORA (kaca can aya)">HORA</a> Associazione Italiana Cultori di Orologeria Antica (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Watch_and_Clock_Collectors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors (kaca can aya)">National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors</a> - NAWCC (United States of America)</li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="multicol" style="background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous_arts_and_sciences">Miscellaneous arts and sciences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Édit bab: Miscellaneous arts and sciences" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=31" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Miscellaneous arts and sciences"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anachronistic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anachronistic (kaca can aya)">Anachronistic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Change&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Change (kaca can aya)">Change</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_and_time_notation_by_country&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Date and time notation by country (kaca can aya)">Date and time notation by country</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_cycles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of cycles (kaca can aya)">List of cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Network_Time_Protocol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Network Time Protocol (kaca can aya)">Network Time Protocol</a> (NTP)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nonlinear_(arts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nonlinear (arts) (kaca can aya)">Nonlinear (arts)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of physics (kaca can aya)">Philosophy of physics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rate_(mathematics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rate (mathematics) (kaca can aya)">Rate (mathematics)</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous_units_of_time">Miscellaneous units of time</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Édit bab: Miscellaneous units of time" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=32" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Miscellaneous units of time"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiscal_year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiscal year (kaca can aya)">Fiscal year</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Half-life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Half-life (kaca can aya)">Half-life</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexadecimal_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexadecimal time (kaca can aya)">Hexadecimal time</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Season (kaca can aya)">Season</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tithi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tithi (kaca can aya)">Tithi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix_epoch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unix epoch (kaca can aya)">Unix epoch</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Édit bab: Notes and references" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=33" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Notes and references"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="" class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content"> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text"><b>Artikel atawa bagian artikel ieu butuh leuwih loba réferénsi sangkan pasti.</b><br /><small>Mangga bantos <a class="external text" href="https://su.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit">ngédit artikel ieu</a> kalawan nambihkeun réferénsi.<i></i></small><i><br /><small>Tag ieu dibéré dina July 2008</small></i></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="reflist references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="column-count: 2; -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-”Rig”-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-”Rig”_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Rigg, Jonathan (1862). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Verhandelingen_van_het_Bataviaasch_genoo.html?hl=id&id=aENaAAAAcAAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of JavaRigg</i></a>. Universitas Harvard: Lange. p. 536.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Rigg%2C+Jonathan&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.aulast=Rigg&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+the+Sunda+Language+of+JavaRigg&rft.date=1862&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=536&rft.place=Universitas+Harvard&rft.pub=Lange&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FVerhandelingen_van_het_Bataviaasch_genoo.html%3Fhl%3Did%26id%3DaENaAAAAcAAJ%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Disungsi 28 Mei 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trialogue-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Trialogue_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duff, Michael J.. "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jhep.sissa.it/archive/papers/jhep032002023/jhep032002023.pdf">Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants</a></i>" (<a href="/w/index.php?title=PDF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDF (kaca can aya)">PDF</a>). Institute of Physics Publishing for SISSA/ISAS.  Diakses pada 2 Pébruari 2008. p. 17. "I only add to this the observation that relativity and quantum mechanics provide, in string theory, units of length and time which look, at present, more fundamental than any other."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TrialogueP3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TrialogueP3_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duff, Okun, Veneziano, <i>ibid.</i> p. 3. "There is no well established terminology for the fundamental constants of Nature. … The absence of accurately defined terms or the uses (i.e. actually misuses) of ill-defined terms lead to confusion and proliferation of wrong statements."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rynasiewicz-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rynasiewicz_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="citation web">Rynasiewicz, Robert : Johns Hopkins University (2004-08-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/newton-stm/">"Newton's Views on Space, Time, and Motion"</a>. <i>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. Stanford University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-10</span></span>. <q>Newton did not regard space and time as genuine substances (as are, paradigmatically, bodies and minds), but rather as real entities with their own manner of existence as necessitated by God's existence... To paraphrase: Absolute, true, and mathematical time, from its own nature, passes equably without relation the [sic~to] anything external, and thus without reference to any change or way of measuring of time (e.g., the hour, day, month, or year).</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.atitle=Newton%27s+Views+on+Space%2C+Time%2C+and+Motion&rft.au=Rynasiewicz%2C+Robert+%3A+Johns+Hopkins+University&rft.aufirst=Robert+%3A+Johns+Hopkins+University&rft.aulast=Rynasiewicz&rft.date=2004-08-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Stanford+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fnewton-stm%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|copyright=</code> ignored (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitulung:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitulung:CS1 errors (kaca can aya)">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">Markosian, Ned "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time/#3">Time</a>". <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2002 Edition)</i>.  Ed. Edward N. Zalta. “The opposing view, normally referred to either as “Platonism with Respect to Time” or as “Absolutism with Respect to Time,” has been defended by Plato, Newton, and others. On this view, time is like an empty container into which events may be placed; but it is a container that exists independently of whether or not anything is placed in it.”</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.aufirst=Ned&rft.aulast=Markosian&rft.contributor=Edward+N.+Zalta&rft.title=Time&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Ftime%2F%233&rft.source=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy+%28Winter+2002+Edition%29"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burnham-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Burnham_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Burnham, Douglas : Staffordshire University (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/l/leib-met.htm#H7">"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) Metaphysics - 7. Space, Time, and Indiscernibles"</a>. <i>The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-10</span></span>. <q>First of all, Leibniz finds the idea that space and time might be substances or substance-like absurd (see, for example, "Correspondence with Clarke," Leibniz's Fourth Paper, §8ff). In short, an empty space would be a substance with no properties; it will be a substance that even God cannot modify or destroy.... That is, space and time are internal or intrinsic features of the complete concepts of things, not extrinsic.... Leibniz's view has two major implications. First, there is no absolute location in either space or time; location is always the situation of an object or event relative to other objects and events. Second, space and time are not in themselves real (that is, not substances). Space and time are, rather, ideal. Space and time are just metaphysically illegitimate ways of perceiving certain virtual relations between substances. They are phenomena or, strictly speaking, illusions (although they are illusions that are well-founded upon the internal properties of substances).... It is sometimes convenient to think of space and time as something "out there," over and above the entities and their relations to each other, but this convenience must not be confused with reality. Space is nothing but the order of co-existent objects; time nothing but the order of successive events. This is usually called a relational theory of space and time.</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.atitle=Gottfried+Wilhelm+Leibniz+%281646-1716%29+Metaphysics+-+7.+Space%2C+Time%2C+and+Indiscernibles&rft.au=Burnham%2C+Douglas+%3A+Staffordshire+University&rft.aufirst=Douglas+%3A+Staffordshire+University&rft.aulast=Burnham&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iep.utm.edu%2Fl%2Fleib-met.htm%23H7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mattey-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mattey_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Mattey, G. J. : UC Davis (1997-01-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-philosophy.ucdavis.edu/mattey/kant/TIMELEC.HTM">"Critique of Pure Reason, Lecture notes: Philosophy 175 UC Davis"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-10</span></span>. <q>What is correct in the Leibnizian view was its anti-metaphysical stance. Space and time do not exist in and of themselves, but in some sense are the product of the way we represent things. The are ideal, though not in the sense in which Leibniz thought they are ideal (figments of the imagination). The ideality of space is its mind-dependence: it is only a condition of sensibility.... Kant concluded "absolute space is not an object of outer sensation; it is rather a fundamental concept which first of all makes possible all such outer sensation."...Much of the argumentation pertaining to space is applicable, mutatis mutandis, to time, so I will not rehearse the arguments. As space is the form of outer intuition, so time is the form of inner intuition.... Kant claimed that time is real, it is "the real form of inner intuition."</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Mattey%2C+G.+J.+%3A+UC+Davis&rft.aufirst=G.+J.+%3A+UC+Davis&rft.aulast=Mattey&rft.btitle=Critique+of+Pure+Reason%2C+Lecture+notes%3A+Philosophy+175+UC+Davis&rft.date=1997-01-22&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-philosophy.ucdavis.edu%2Fmattey%2Fkant%2FTIMELEC.HTM&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050314201600/http://www-philosophy.ucdavis.edu/mattey/kant/TIMELEC.HTM">Archived</a> 2005-03-14 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCormick-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-McCormick_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="citation web">McCormick, Matt : California State University, Sacramento (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/k/kantmeta.htm#H4">"Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Metaphysics : 4. Kant's Transcendental Idealism"</a>. <i>The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-10</span></span>. <q>Time, Kant argues, is also necessary as a form or condition of our intuitions of objects. The idea of time itself cannot be gathered from experience because succession and simultaneity of objects, the phenomena that would indicate the passage of time, would be impossible to represent if we did not already possess the capacity to represent objects in time.... Another way to put the point is to say that the fact that the mind of the knower makes the a priori contribution does not mean that space and time or the categories are mere figments of the imagination. Kant is an empirical realist about the world we experience; we can know objects as they appear to us. He gives a robust defense of science and the study of the natural world from his argument about the mind's role in making nature. All discursive, rational beings must conceive of the physical world as spatially and temporally unified, he argues.</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.atitle=Immanuel+Kant+%281724-1804%29+Metaphysics+%3A+4.+Kant%27s+Transcendental+Idealism&rft.au=McCormick%2C+Matt+%3A+California+State+University%2C+Sacramento&rft.aufirst=Matt+%3A+California+State+University%2C+Sacramento&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iep.utm.edu%2Fk%2Fkantmeta.htm%23H4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richards-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Richards_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Richards, E. G. (1998). <i>Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–5.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Richards%2C+E.+G.&rft.aufirst=E.+G.&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.btitle=Mapping+Time%3A+The+Calendar+and+its+History&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=3-5&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rudgley-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rudgley_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="su" dir="ltr">Salah ngutip: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>Rudgley</code></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnett, Jo Ellen <i>Time's Pendulum: The Quest to Capture Time - from Sundials to Atomic Clocks</i> Plenum, 1998 <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0306457873" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-306-45787-3</a> p.28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnett, <i>ibid</i>, p.37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salim-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Salim_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Professor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salim_Al-Hassani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salim Al-Hassani (kaca can aya)">Salim Al-Hassani</a> (2006), <i>1001 Inventions: Muslim Heritage in Our World</i>, FSTC, <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0955242606" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-9552426-0-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Where_the_heart_is-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Where_the_heart_is_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1001inventions.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.viewSection&intSectionID=240">Where the heart is</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420075810/http://www.1001inventions.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.viewSection&intSectionID=240">Archived</a> 2008-04-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>1001 Inventions: Muslim Heritage in Our World</i>, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassan-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hassan_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Y_Hassan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Y Hassan (kaca can aya)">Ahmad Y Hassan</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-science-technology.com/Articles/articles%2071.htm">Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190425010214/http://www.history-science-technology.com/Articles/articles">Archived</a> 2019-04-25 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>History of Science and Technology in Islam</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurence Bergreen, <i>Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe</i>, HarperCollins Publishers, 2003, hardcover 480 pages, <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0066211735" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-06-621173-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">North, J. (2004) <i>God's Clockmaker: Richard of Wallingford and the Invention of Time</i>. Oxbow Books. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/1852854510" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-85285-451-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, E (1979) "The St Albans Clock of Richard of Wallingford". <i>Antiquarian Horology</i> 372-384.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=e24ccfa7-44eb-40b7-8b67-daf8263569ff">"New atomic clock can keep time for 200 million years: Super-precise instruments vital to deep space navigation"</a>. Vancouver Sun. <span class="bday dtstart updated">2008-02-16</span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=e24ccfa7-44eb-40b7-8b67-daf8263569ff">http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=e24ccfa7-44eb-40b7-8b67-daf8263569ff</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 2008-02-16</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=New+atomic+clock+can+keep+time+for+200+million+years%3A+Super-precise+instruments+vital+to+deep+space+navigation&rft.atitle=&rft.date=%3Cspan+class%3D%22bday+dtstart+updated%22%3E2008-02-16%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pub=Vancouver+Sun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Fvancouversun%2Fnews%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3De24ccfa7-44eb-40b7-8b67-daf8263569ff&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Waktu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-si_units-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-si_units_20-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-si_units_20-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-si_units_20-2"><sup>c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Organisation Intergouvernementale de la Convention du Métre (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.bipm.org/utils/en/pdf/si-brochure.pdf"><i>The International System of Units (SI), 7th Edition</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=PDF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDF (kaca can aya)">PDF</a>)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2006-06-13</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Organisation+Intergouvernementale+de+la+Convention+du+M%C3%A9tre&rft.aulast=Organisation+Intergouvernementale+de+la+Convention+du+M%C3%A9tre&rft.btitle=The+International+System+of+Units+%28SI%29%2C+7th+Edition&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.bipm.org%2Futils%2Fen%2Fpdf%2Fsi-brochure.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-second-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-second_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/second.html">"Base unit definitions: Second"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=NIST&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NIST (kaca can aya)">NIST</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-09</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.btitle=Base+unit+definitions%3A+Second&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=NIST&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcuu%2FUnits%2Fsecond.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dagobert Runes, <i>Dictionary of Philosophy</i>, p. 318</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">St. Augustine, <i>Confessions</i>, Book 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine/Pusey/book11">http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine/Pusey/book11</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090524224750/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine/Pusey/book11">Archived</a> 2009-05-24 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Accessed 5/26/07).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Craig-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Craig_24-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Craig_24-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Craig_24-2"><sup>c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITEREFCraig1979" class="citation">Craig, William Lane (June 1979), "Whitrow and Popper on the Impossibility of an Infinite Past", <i>The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science</i> <b>30</b> (2): 165-170 [165-6]</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.atitle=Whitrow+and+Popper+on+the+Impossibility+of+an+Infinite+Past&rft.au=Craig%2C+William+Lane&rft.aufirst=William+Lane&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.date=June+1979&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+for+the+Philosophy+of+Science&rft.pages=165-170+165-6&rft.volume=30&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newton-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-newton_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton, Isaac</a> (1726). <i>The Principia, 3rd edition</i>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Newton%2C+Isaac&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.btitle=The+Principia%2C+3rd+edition&rft.date=1726&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Translated by I. Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gottfried Martin, <i>Kant's Metaphysics and Theory of Science</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kant-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-kant_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant, Immanuel</a> (1787). <i>The Critique of Pure Reason, 2nd edition</i>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Kant%2C+Immanuel&rft.aufirst=Immanuel&rft.aulast=Kant&rft.btitle=The+Critique+of+Pure+Reason%2C+2nd+edition&rft.date=1787&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> translated by J. M. D. Meiklejohn, eBooks@Adelaide, 2004 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/k16p15.html">http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/k16p15.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007061723/http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/k16p15.html">Archived</a> 2008-10-07 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergson, Henri (1907) <i>Creative Evolution</i>. trans. by Arthur Mitchell. Mineola: Dover, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Harry Foundalis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foundalis.com/phi/WhyTimeFlows.htm">"You are about to disappear"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-04-27</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Harry+Foundalis&rft.aulast=Harry+Foundalis&rft.btitle=You+are+about+to+disappear&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foundalis.com%2Fphi%2FWhyTimeFlows.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Tom Huston. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhistinformation.com/buddhism_and_the_illusion_of_time.htm">"Buddhism and the illusion of time"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-04-27</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Tom+Huston&rft.aulast=Tom+Huston&rft.btitle=Buddhism+and+the+illusion+of+time&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhistinformation.com%2Fbuddhism_and_the_illusion_of_time.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physicsandphysicists.blogspot.com/2007/03/time-is-illusion.html">"Time is an illusion?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-04-27</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.btitle=Time+is+an+illusion%3F&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysicsandphysicists.blogspot.com%2F2007%2F03%2Ftime-is-illusion.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Herman M. Schwartz, <i>Introduction to Special Relativity</i>, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1968, hardcover 442 pages, see <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0882754785" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-88275-478-5</a> (1977 edition), pp. 10-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Einstein, H. A. Lorentz, H. Weyl, H. Minkowski, <i>The Principle of Relativity</i>, Dover Publications, Inc, 2000, softcover 216 pages, <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0486600815" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-486-60081-5</a>, See pp. 37-65 for an English translation of Einstein's original 1905 paper.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOT-lecture-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BOT-lecture_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Hawking, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawking.org.uk/lectures/bot.html">"The Beginning of Time"</a>. University of Cambridge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-10</span></span>. <q>The conclusion of this lecture is that the universe has not existed forever. Rather, the universe, and time itself, had a beginning in the Big Bang, about 15 billion years ago.</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Hawking%2C+Stephen&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Hawking&rft.btitle=The+Beginning+of+Time&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawking.org.uk%2Flectures%2Fbot.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071228050500/http://www.hawking.org.uk/lectures/bot.html">Archived</a> 2007-12-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Hawking, Stephen (2006-02-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/po/news/2005-06/feb/27.shtml">"Professor Stephen Hawking lectures on the origin of the universe"</a>. University of Oxford<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-10</span></span>. <q>Suppose the beginning of the universe was like the South Pole of the earth, with degrees of latitude playing the role of time. The universe would start as a point at the South Pole. As one moves north, the circles of constant latitude, representing the size of the universe, would expand. To ask what happened before the beginning of the universe would become a meaningless question because there is nothing south of the South Pole.'</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Hawking%2C+Stephen&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Hawking&rft.btitle=Professor+Stephen+Hawking+lectures+on+the+origin+of+the+universe&rft.date=2006-02-27&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=University+of+Oxford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.admin.ox.ac.uk%2Fpo%2Fnews%2F2005-06%2Ffeb%2F27.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070514023137/http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/po/news/2005-06/feb/27.shtml">Archived</a> 2007-05-14 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Ghandchi, Sam : Editor/Publisher (2004-01-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghandchi.com/312-SpaceEng.htm">"Space and New Thinking"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-10</span></span>. <q>and as Stephen Hawking puts it, asking what was before Big Bang is like asking what is North of North Pole, a meaningless question.</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Ghandchi%2C+Sam+%3A+Editor%2FPublisher&rft.aufirst=Sam+%3A+Editor%2FPublisher&rft.aulast=Ghandchi&rft.btitle=Space+and+New+Thinking&rft.date=2004-01-16&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghandchi.com%2F312-SpaceEng.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Adler, Mortimer J., Ph.D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radicalacademy.com/adlertheology1.htm">"Natural Theology, Chance, and God"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-10</span></span>. <q>Hawking could have avoided the error of supposing that time had a beginning with the Big Bang if he had distinguished time as it is measured by physicists from time that is not measurable by physicists.... an error shared by many other great physicists in the twentieth century, the error of saying that what cannot be measured by physicists does not exist in reality.</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Adler%2C+Mortimer+J.%2C+Ph.D.&rft.aufirst=Mortimer+J.%2C+Ph.D.&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.btitle=Natural+Theology%2C+Chance%2C+and+God&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradicalacademy.com%2Fadlertheology1.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <cite style="font-style:normal"> "The Great Ideas Today". <i>Encylopaedia Britannica</i>. (1992).</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.title=The+Great+Ideas+Today&rft.source=Encylopaedia+Britannica&rft.date=1992"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="citation web">Adler, Mortimer J., Ph.D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radicalacademy.com/adlertheology2.htm">"Natural Theology, Chance, and God"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-10</span></span>. <q>Where Einstein had said that what is not measurable by physicists is of no interest to them, Hawking flatly asserts that what is not measurable by physicists does not exist -- has no reality whatsoever.<br />With respect to time, that amounts to the denial of psychological time which is not measurable by physicists, and also to everlasting time -- time before the Big Bang -- which physics cannot measure. Hawking does not know that both Aquinas and Kant had shown that we cannot rationally establish that time is either finite or infinite.</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Adler%2C+Mortimer+J.%2C+Ph.D.&rft.aufirst=Mortimer+J.%2C+Ph.D.&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.btitle=Natural+Theology%2C+Chance%2C+and+God&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradicalacademy.com%2Fadlertheology2.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <cite style="font-style:normal"> "The Great Ideas Today". <i>Encylopaedia Britannica</i>. (1992).</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.title=The+Great+Ideas+Today&rft.source=Encylopaedia+Britannica&rft.date=1992"> </span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOT-lecture-B-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BOT-lecture-B_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Hawking, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawking.org.uk/lectures/bot.html">"The Beginning of Time"</a>. University of Cambridge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-10</span></span>. <q>Since events before the Big Bang have no observational consequences, one may as well cut them out of the theory, and say that time began at the Big Bang. Events before the Big Bang, are simply not defined, because there's no way one could measure what happened at them. This kind of beginning to the universe, and of time itself, is very different to the beginnings that had been considered earlier.</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Hawking%2C+Stephen&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Hawking&rft.btitle=The+Beginning+of+Time&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawking.org.uk%2Flectures%2Fbot.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071228050500/http://www.hawking.org.uk/lectures/bot.html">Archived</a> 2007-12-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Hawking, Stephen; and Ellis, G. F. R. (1973). <i>The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0521099064" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-09906-4</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Hawking%2C+Stephen%3B+and+Ellis%2C+G.+F.+R.&rft.aulast=Hawking%2C+Stephen%3B+and+Ellis%2C+G.+F.+R.&rft.btitle=The+Large+Scale+Structure+of+Space-Time&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hartle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Hartle (kaca can aya)">J. Hartle</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Hawking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Hawking (kaca can aya)">S. W. Hawking</a> (1983). "Wave function of the universe". <i>Phys. Rev. D</i> <b>28</b>: 2960. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.28.2960">10.1103/PhysRevD.28.2960</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wave+function+of+the+universe&rft.jtitle=Phys.+Rev.+D&rft.aulast=%5B%5BJames+Hartle%7CJ.+Hartle%5D%5D+and+%5B%5BStephen+Hawking%7CS.+W.+Hawking%5D%5D&rft.au=%5B%5BJames+Hartle%7CJ.+Hartle%5D%5D+and+%5B%5BStephen+Hawking%7CS.+W.+Hawking%5D%5D&rft.date=1983&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=2960&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.28.2960&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Waktu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Langlois, David (2002). <i>Brane cosmology: an introduction</i>. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0209261">hep-th/0209261</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brane+cosmology%3A+an+introduction&rft.aulast=Langlois%2C+David&rft.au=Langlois%2C+David&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Waktu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Linde, Andre (2002). <i>Inflationary Theory versus Ekpyrotic/Cyclic Scenario</i>. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0205259">hep-th/0205259</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inflationary+Theory+versus+Ekpyrotic%2FCyclic+Scenario&rft.aulast=Linde&rft.aufirst=Andre&rft.au=Linde%2C%26%2332%3BAndre&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Waktu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rebirth-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rebirth_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060508_mm_cyclic_universe.html">"Recycled Universe: Theory Could Solve Cosmic Mystery"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space.com (kaca can aya)">Space.com</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citakan:Citation/showdateError&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citakan:Citation/showdateError (kaca can aya)">Citakan:Citation/showdateError</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060508_mm_cyclic_universe.html">http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060508_mm_cyclic_universe.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 2007-07-03</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Recycled+Universe%3A+Theory+Could+Solve+Cosmic+Mystery&rft.atitle=&rft.date=%5B%5B%3ACitakan%3ACitation%2FshowdateError%5D%5D&rft.pub=%5B%5BSpace.com%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fscienceastronomy%2F060508_mm_cyclic_universe.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Waktu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rebirth2-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rebirth2_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.psu.edu/alert/Bojowald6-2007.htm">"What Happened Before the Big Bang?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-07-03</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.btitle=What+Happened+Before+the+Big+Bang%3F&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.psu.edu%2Falert%2FBojowald6-2007.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070704150957/http://www.science.psu.edu/alert/Bojowald6-2007.htm">Archived</a> 2007-07-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">A. Linde (1986). "Eternal chaotic inflation". <i>Mod. Phys. Lett.</i> <b>A1</b>: 81.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Eternal+chaotic+inflation&rft.jtitle=Mod.+Phys.+Lett.&rft.aulast=A.+Linde&rft.au=A.+Linde&rft.date=1986&rft.volume=A1&rft.pages=81&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Waktu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span><br /><span class="citation Journal">A. Linde (1986). "Eternally existing self-reproducing chaotic inflationary universe". <i>Phys. Lett.</i> <b>B175</b>: 395–400.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Eternally+existing+self-reproducing+chaotic+inflationary+universe&rft.jtitle=Phys.+Lett.&rft.aulast=A.+Linde&rft.au=A.+Linde&rft.date=1986&rft.volume=B175&rft.pages=395%E2%80%93400&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Waktu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Priestley-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Priestley_47-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._B._Priestley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. B. Priestley (kaca can aya)">Priestley, J. B.</a> (1964). <i>Man and Time</i>. New York: Crescent Books. p. 96.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Priestley%2C+J.+B.&rft.aufirst=J.+B.&rft.aulast=Priestley&rft.btitle=Man+and+Time&rft.date=1964&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=96&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crescent+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sunrise-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sunrise_48-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Sunrise (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunrisepage.com/uft/history.pdf">"Unified Field Theory: A new interpretation"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Chapter 2 - The Development of the Unified Field Theory, pg. 31</i>. Sunrise Information Services.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.atitle=Unified+Field+Theory%3A+A+new+interpretation&rft.au=Sunrise&rft.aulast=Sunrise&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chapter+2+-+The+Development+of+the+Unified+Field+Theory%2C+pg.+31&rft.pub=Sunrise+Information+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunrisepage.com%2Fuft%2Fhistory.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090913090225/http://www.sunrisepage.com/uft/history.pdf">Archived</a> 2009-09-13 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wada-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wada_49-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wada Y, Masuda T, Noguchi K, 2005, "Temporal illusion called 'kappa effect' in event perception" Perception 34 ECVP Abstract Supplement</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erowid.org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_effects.shtml">"Cannabis Effects"</a>. <i>Erowid</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-02-15</span></span>. <q>Time sense altered: cars seem like they are moving too fast, time dilation and compression are common at higher doses.</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.atitle=Cannabis+Effects&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Erowid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erowid.org%2Fplants%2Fcannabis%2Fcannabis_effects.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carroll, John B. (ed.)(1956). <i>Language Thought and Reality. Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf</i>. MIT Press, Boston, Massachusetts. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0262730065" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-262-73006-5</a> 9780262730068</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITEREFParr-Davies2001" class="citation">Parr-Davies, Neil (April 2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Students/njp0001.html"><i>The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: A Critique</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aberystwyth_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aberystwyth University (kaca can aya)">Aberystwyth University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <a href="/w/index.php?title=2008-02-02&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008-02-02 (kaca can aya)">2008-02-02</a></span></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Parr-Davies%2C+Neil&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.aulast=Parr-Davies&rft.btitle=The+Sapir-Whorf+Hypothesis%3A+A+Critique&rft.date=April+2001&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Aberystwyth+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aber.ac.uk%2Fmedia%2FStudents%2Fnjp0001.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 maint: Date and year (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:CS1_maint:_Date_and_year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: Date and year (kaca can aya)">link</a>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070520182627/http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Students/njp0001.html">Archived</a> 2007-05-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Édit bab: Further reading" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=34" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Further reading"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_Barbour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian Barbour (kaca can aya)">Barbour, Julian</a> (1999). <i>The End of Time: The Next Revolution in Physics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0195145925" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-514592-5</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Barbour%2C+Julian&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.aulast=Barbour&rft.btitle=The+End+of+Time%3A+The+Next+Revolution+in+Physics&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|Publisher=</code> ignored (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|publisher=</code> suggested) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitulung:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitulung:CS1 errors (kaca can aya)">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Das, Tushar Kanti (1990). <i>The Time Dimension: An Interdisciplinary Guide</i>. New York: Praeger. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0275926818" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-275-92681-8</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Das%2C+Tushar+Kanti&rft.aufirst=Tushar+Kanti&rft.aulast=Das&rft.btitle=The+Time+Dimension%3A+An+Interdisciplinary+Guide&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Praeger&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>- Reséarch bibliography</li> <li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Davies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Davies (kaca can aya)">Davies, Paul</a> (1996). <i>About Time: Einstein's Unfinished Revolution</i>. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0684818221" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-684-81822-1</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Davies%2C+Paul&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.btitle=About+Time%3A+Einstein%27s+Unfinished+Revolution&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Feynman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Feynman (kaca can aya)">Feynman, Richard</a> (1994) [1965]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=5277"><i>The Character of Physical Law</i></a>. Cambridge (Mass): The MIT Press. pp. 108–126. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0262560038" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-262-56003-8</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Feynman%2C+Richard&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=Feynman&rft.btitle=The+Character+of+Physical+Law&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=108-126&rft.place=Cambridge+%28Mass%29&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmitpress.mit.edu%2Fcatalog%2Fitem%2Fdefault.asp%3Fttype%3D2%26tid%3D5277&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Galison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Galison (kaca can aya)">Galison, Peter</a> (1992). <i>Einstein's Clocks and Poincaré's Maps: Empires of Time</i>. New York: W. W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0393020010" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-393-02001-0</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Galison%2C+Peter&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Galison&rft.btitle=Einstein%27s+Clocks+and+Poincar%C3%A9%27s+Maps%3A+Empires+of+Time&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Highfield, Roger (1992). <i>Arrow of Time: A Voyage through Science to Solve Time's Greatest Mystery</i>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0449907236" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-449-90723-6</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Highfield%2C+Roger&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.aulast=Highfield&rft.btitle=Arrow+of+Time%3A+A+Voyage+through+Science+to+Solve+Time%27s+Greatest+Mystery&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Random+House&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mermin (kaca can aya)">Mermin, N. David</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8112.html"><i>It's About Time: Understanding Einstein's Relativity</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0691122016" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-691-12201-6</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Mermin%2C+N.+David&rft.aufirst=N.+David&rft.aulast=Mermin&rft.btitle=It%27s+About+Time%3A+Understanding+Einstein%27s+Relativity&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.princeton.edu%2Ftitles%2F8112.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Penrose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Penrose (kaca can aya)">Penrose, Roger</a> (1999) [1989]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oup.com/uk/catalogue/?ci=9780192861986"><i>The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 391–417. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0192861980" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-286198-0</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Penrose%2C+Roger&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.aulast=Penrose&rft.btitle=The+Emperor%27s+New+Mind%3A+Concerning+Computers%2C+Minds%2C+and+the+Laws+of+Physics&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=391-417&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oup.com%2Fuk%2Fcatalogue%2F%3Fci%3D9780192861986&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Price, Huw (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usyd.edu.au/time/price/TAAP.html"><i>Time's Arrow and Archimedes' Point</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0195117980" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-511798-0</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Price%2C+Huw&rft.aufirst=Huw&rft.aulast=Price&rft.btitle=Time%27s+Arrow+and+Archimedes%27+Point&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usyd.edu.au%2Ftime%2Fprice%2FTAAP.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Reichenbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Reichenbach (kaca can aya)">Reichenbach, Hans</a> (1999) [1956]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://store.doverpublications.com/0486409260.html"><i>The Direction of Time</i></a>. New York: Dover. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0486409260" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-486-40926-0</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Reichenbach%2C+Hans&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft.aulast=Reichenbach&rft.btitle=The+Direction+of+Time&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstore.doverpublications.com%2F0486409260.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Stiegler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Stiegler (kaca can aya)">Stiegler, Bernard</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technics_and_Time,_1:_The_Fault_of_Epimetheus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technics and Time, 1: The Fault of Epimetheus (kaca can aya)">Technics and Time, 1: The Fault of Epimetheus</a></i></li> <li><span class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_James_Whitrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald James Whitrow (kaca can aya)">Whitrow, Gerald J.</a> (1973). <i>The Nature of Time</i>. Holt, Rinehart and Wilson (New York).</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Whitrow%2C+Gerald+J.&rft.aufirst=Gerald+J.&rft.aulast=Whitrow&rft.btitle=The+Nature+of+Time&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Wilson+%28New+York%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Whitrow, Gerald J. (1980). <i>The Natural Philosophy of Time</i>. Clarendon Press (Oxford).</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Whitrow%2C+Gerald+J.&rft.aufirst=Gerald+J.&rft.aulast=Whitrow&rft.btitle=The+Natural+Philosophy+of+Time&rft.date=1980&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press+%28Oxford%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Whitrow, Gerald J. (1988). <i>Time in History. The evolution of our general awareness of time and temporal perspective</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/0192852116" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-285211-6</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Whitrow%2C+Gerald+J.&rft.aufirst=Gerald+J.&rft.aulast=Whitrow&rft.btitle=Time+in+History.+The+evolution+of+our+general+awareness+of+time+and+temporal+perspective&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Rovelli, Carlo (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.direnzo.it/main.phtml?Language=en&Doc=0001&ISBN=8883231465"><i>What is time? What is space?</i></a>. Rome: Di Renzo Editore. <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/8883231465" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-8323-146-5</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Rovelli%2C+Carlo&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rft.aulast=Rovelli&rft.btitle=What+is+time%3F+What+is+space%3F&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Di+Renzo+Editore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.direnzo.it%2Fmain.phtml%3FLanguage%3Den%26Doc%3D0001%26ISBN%3D8883231465&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tumbu_ka_luar">Tumbu ka luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Édit bab: Tumbu ka luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=35" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tumbu ka luar"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citakan:External_links&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citakan:External links (kaca can aya)">Citakan:External links</a> </p> <div class="infobox sisterproject"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Wiktionary-logo-su-without-text.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Wiktionary-logo-su-without-text.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-su-without-text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Wiktionary-logo-su-without-text.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-su-without-text.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Tempo <i><b><a href="https://su.wiktionary.org/wiki/time" class="extiw" title="wikt:time">time</a></b></i> dina <a href="/wiki/Wikikamus" title="Wikikamus">Wikikamus</a>, kamus bébas.</div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikiquote logo"><img alt="Wikiquote logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/60px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/120px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Wikiquote logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><i><a href="https://su.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikicutatan</a></i> mibanda cutatan-cutatan nu patali jeung artikel ieu dina kaca <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b>[[:su:q:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]</b></i></div> </div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Wikibooks-logo-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibook logo"><img alt="Wikibook logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Wikibooks-logo-en.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Wikibooks-logo-en.svg/120px-Wikibooks-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Wikibook logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipustaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipustaka (kaca can aya)">Wikipustaka</a></i> mibanda tulisan nu leuwih lengkep ngeunaan ieu dina kaca <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Waktu" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Waktu">Waktu</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons logo"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/120px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Wikimedia Commons logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><i><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></i> mibanda média séjénna ngeunaan <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Waktu" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Waktu">Waktu</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perception_of_time_2">Perception of time</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Édit bab: Perception of time" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=36" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perception of time"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.primitivism.com/time.htm">Time and Its Discontents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050509082928/http://www.primitivism.com/time.htm">Archived</a> 2005-05-09 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mixingmemory.blogspot.com/2004/12/by-request-time-perception-i.html">Time Perception I</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mixingmemory.blogspot.com/2004/12/time-perception-ii-cognitive-factors.html">II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manchestertiming.co.uk/">Time Perception Research at the University of Manchester</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physics">Physics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Édit bab: Physics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=37" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Physics"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.thinkingpal.com/what-is-time/">Do we actually measure time?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/GenInt/Time/world.html">A walk through Time</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0310055">Time and classical and quantum mechanics: Indeterminacy vs. discontinuity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thekeyboard.org.uk/What%20is%20Time.htm">Theories With Problems: What Is Time?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sugartreeridge.com/Docs/Exploring_the_Nature_of_Time.php">Exploring the Nature of Time</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070901172405/http://www.sugartreeridge.com/Docs/Exploring_the_Nature_of_Time.php">Archived</a> 2007-09-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=00042F0D-1A0E-1085-94F483414B7F0000">Myth of the Beginning of Time</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Édit bab: Philosophy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=38" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Philosophy"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><b>éastern Philosophy</b></dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.literati-tradition.com/time.html">The Conceptual Scheme of Chinese Philosophical Thinking - Time</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nariphaltan.virtualave.net/time.pdf">An article on Time and Universal Consciousness</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080809030829/http://nariphaltan.virtualave.net/time.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-08-09 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><b>Western Philosophy</b></dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="citation web">Crouch, Will (2006-2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onphilosophy.co.uk/time_-_a_dialogue.html">"Is there a defensible argument for the non-existence of time?"</a>. <i>On Philosophy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-24</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.atitle=Is+there+a+defensible+argument+for+the+non-existence+of+time%3F&rft.au=Crouch%2C+Will&rft.aufirst=Will&rft.aulast=Crouch&rft.date=2006-2008&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+Philosophy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onphilosophy.co.uk%2Ftime_-_a_dialogue.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Text "Copyright James Nicholson" ignored (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitulung:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitulung:CS1 errors (kaca can aya)">bantuan</a>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071204210348/http://www.onphilosophy.co.uk/time_-_a_dialogue.html">Archived</a> 2007-12-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal">Dowden, Bradley (California State University, Sacramento) (2007). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/t/time.htm">Time</a>". <i>The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>.  Ed. James Fieser, Ph.D., Bradley Dowden, Ph.D.. Retrieved on <a href="/w/index.php?title=2008-01-31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008-01-31 (kaca can aya)">2008-01-31</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.aufirst=Bradley+%28California+State+University%2C+Sacramento%29&rft.aulast=Dowden&rft.contributor=James+Fieser%2C+Ph.D.%2C+Bradley+Dowden%2C+Ph.D.&rft.title=Time&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iep.utm.edu%2Ft%2Ftime.htm&rft.source=The+Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2007"> </span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal">Le Poidevin, Robin (Winter 2004). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2004/entries/time-experience">The Experience and Perception of Time</a>". <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>.  Ed. Edward N. Zalta. Retrieved on <a href="/w/index.php?title=2008-01-17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008-01-17 (kaca can aya)">2008-01-17</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.aulast=Le+Poidevin&rft.contributor=Edward+N.+Zalta&rft.title=The+Experience+and+Perception+of+Time&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fwin2004%2Fentries%2Ftime-experience&rft.source=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=Winter+2004"> </span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal">Mcdonough, Jeff (Harvard University) (Winter 2007). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2007/entries/leibniz-physics/">Leibniz's Philosophy of Physics</a>". <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>.  Ed. Edward N. Zalta. Stanford University. Retrieved on <a href="/w/index.php?title=2008-01-31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008-01-31 (kaca can aya)">2008-01-31</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.aufirst=Jeff+%28Harvard+University%29&rft.aulast=Mcdonough&rft.contributor=Edward+N.+Zalta&rft.title=Leibniz%27s+Philosophy+of+Physics&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fwin2007%2Fentries%2Fleibniz-physics%2F&rft.source=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.publisher=Stanford+University&rft.date=Winter+2007"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Ross, Kelley L., Ph.D. (Los Angeles Valley College). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friesian.com/space.htm#clarke">"The Clarke-Leibniz Debate (1715-1716)"</a>. The Proceedings of the Friesian School, Fourth Series (1996, 1999, 2001)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-17</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Ross%2C+Kelley+L.%2C+Ph.D.+%28Los+Angeles+Valley+College%29&rft.aufirst=Kelley+L.%2C+Ph.D.+%28Los+Angeles+Valley+College%29&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.btitle=The+Clarke-Leibniz+Debate+%281715-1716%29&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=The+Proceedings+of+the+Friesian+School%2C+Fourth+Series+%281996%2C+1999%2C+2001%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friesian.com%2Fspace.htm%23clarke&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Ross, Kelley L., Ph.D. (Los Angeles Valley College). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friesian.com/space.htm#kant">"Three Points in Kant's Theory of Space and Time"</a>. The Proceedings of the Friesian School, Fourth Series (1996, 1999, 2001)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-17</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu&rft.au=Ross%2C+Kelley+L.%2C+Ph.D.+%28Los+Angeles+Valley+College%29&rft.aufirst=Kelley+L.%2C+Ph.D.+%28Los+Angeles+Valley+College%29&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.btitle=Three+Points+in+Kant%27s+Theory+of+Space+and+Time&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=The+Proceedings+of+the+Friesian+School%2C+Fourth+Series+%281996%2C+1999%2C+2001%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friesian.com%2Fspace.htm%23kant&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal">Savitt, Steven, Ph.D. (University of British Columbia) (Fall 2007). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-bebecome/">Being and Becoming in Modern Physics</a>". <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>.  Ed. Edward N. Zalta. Retrieved on <a href="/w/index.php?title=2008-01-17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008-01-17 (kaca can aya)">2008-01-17</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.aufirst=Steven%2C+Ph.D.+%28University+of+British+Columbia%29&rft.aulast=Savitt&rft.contributor=Edward+N.+Zalta&rft.title=Being+and+Becoming+in+Modern+Physics&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fspacetime-bebecome%2F&rft.source=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=Fall+2007"> </span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal">Wilson, Catherine (City University of New York) (Summer 2004). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2004/entries/kant-leibniz/">Kant and Leibniz</a>". <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>.  Ed. Edward N. Zalta. Stanford University. Retrieved on <a href="/w/index.php?title=2008-01-31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008-01-31 (kaca can aya)">2008-01-31</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.aufirst=Catherine+%28City+University+of+New+York%29&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.contributor=Edward+N.+Zalta&rft.title=Kant+and+Leibniz&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fsum2004%2Fentries%2Fkant-leibniz%2F&rft.source=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.publisher=Stanford+University&rft.date=Summer+2004"> </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timekeeping">Timekeeping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Édit bab: Timekeeping" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=39" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Timekeeping"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/systime.html">Different systems of measuring time</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/outside.html">non-SI units</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.bipm.org/en/scientific/tai/time_server.html">UTC/TAI Timeserver</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/leapsec.html">Leapsecond</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961126204059/http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/leapsec.html">Archived</a> 1996-11-26 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intuitor.com/hex/hexclock.html">Hexadecimal Time</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3486160.stm">BBC article on shortest time ever measured</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fhs.ch/en/">Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry FH</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awi-net.org">American Watchmakers-Clockmakers Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock - Time Zones</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldtimeengine.com/">World Time for any place on earth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080811053528/http://worldtimeengine.com/">Archived</a> 2008-08-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Édit bab: Miscellaneous" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=40" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Miscellaneous"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/">GMT and all other timezones...</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeticker.com/">TimeTicker and the time tickers...</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.welt-zeit-uhr.de/worldtime.php">World Time and Zones</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.time.gov">Official US time</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717021237/http://www.time.gov/">Archived</a> 2012-07-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exploringtime.org/?page=segments">Exploring Time</a> from Planck Time to the lifespan of the universe</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time-server.org">Time Server</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080915093607/http://www.time-server.org/">Archived</a> 2008-09-15 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Calling to a different time zone; This site can be used to work out what time you should call. Also has some good "history of time" information and information about computer time servers and gps time.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Navigation_templates">Navigation templates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Édit bab: Navigation templates" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu&action=edit&section=41" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Navigation templates"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citakan:Time_Topics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citakan:Time Topics (kaca can aya)">Citakan:Time Topics</a> </p> <table width="100%" class="collapsible collapsed" style="background:transparent; margin:1em 0 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ee9; border:1px solid 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<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kal%C3%A9nder_Panonpo%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalénder Panonpoé (kaca can aya)">Panonpoé</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kal%C3%A9nder_Bulan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalénder Bulan (kaca can aya)">Bulan</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kal%C3%A9nder_Islam" title="Kalénder Islam">Islam</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siklus_s%C3%A9ksagen%C3%A9r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siklus séksagenér (kaca can aya)">Siklus séksagenér Cina</a><br /> </p> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomical_year_numbering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomical year numbering (kaca can aya)">Astronomical year numbering</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_week_date&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO week date (kaca can aya)">ISO week date</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cc9">Wanci jeung<br />rekayasa astronomis</th><td 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cycles</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cc9"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_wanci_geologis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skala wanci geologis (kaca can aya)">Wanci</a> jeung<br />rekayasa geologis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deep_time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deep time (kaca can aya)">Deep time</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geological_history_of_Earth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geological history of Earth (kaca can aya)">Geological history</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eon_(geology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eon (geology) (kaca can aya)">Eon</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_(geology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Era (geology) (kaca can aya)">Eras</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_(geology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period (geology) (kaca can aya)">Periods</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faunal_stage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faunal stage (kaca can aya)">Faunal stage</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronostratigraphy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronostratigraphy (kaca can aya)">Chronostratigraphy</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geochronology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geochronology (kaca can aya)">Geochronology</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotope_geochemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotope geochemistry (kaca can aya)">Isotope geochemistry</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_superposition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of superposition (kaca can aya)">Law of superposition</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optical_dating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optical dating 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href="/wiki/Radiometric_dating" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiometric dating">Radiometric dating</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tephrochronology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tephrochronology (kaca can aya)">Tephrochronology</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermoluminescence_dating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermoluminescence dating (kaca can aya)">Thermoluminescence dating</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranium-lead_dating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uranium-lead dating (kaca can aya)">Uranium-lead dating</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relative_dating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relative dating (kaca can aya)">Relative dating</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seriation_(archaeology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seriation (archaeology) (kaca can aya)">Seriation</a><b> ·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stratification_(archeology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>187 basa</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Tambah jejer</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-658b85fd8d-ll89j","wgBackendResponseTime":247,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.544","walltime":"0.803","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12653,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":170023,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":17999,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":28,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":62380,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"timingprofile":["100.00% 469.794 1 -total"," 53.70% 252.257 1 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