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Why do you need to prepare NOW for FRMCS? | Sponsored | Railway Gazette International
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} @media screen and (min-width: 1024px) { .wallpaper-applied header#masthead+.ad:before { content: ''; position: absolute; left: -50vw; right: -50vw; z-index: 0; top: -24px; bottom: -24px; width: 1024px; margin: 0 auto; } .wallpaper-applied header#masthead+.ad > div { position: relative; } } </style> <!-- TEMP PATCH: AC - REMOVAL OF RG CHINA LOGO AND RE-WORK OF GRID REPEAT -- START --> <style> .brand-list ul li { margin: 0 auto; } @media screen and (min-width: 1280px){ .brand-list ul { -ms-grid-columns: 1fr 20px 1fr 20px 1fr 20px 1fr 20px 1fr; grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr) !important; grid-gap: 170px; }} @media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1280px) { .brand-list ul { display: -ms-grid; display: grid; -ms-grid-columns: 1fr 20px 1fr 20px 1fr; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr) !important; grid-gap: 75px; margin: auto; text-align: center !important; }} #cookiePolicy div p {text-align: left;} </style> <!-- TEMP PATCH: AC END --> <!-- AC - Ads text colour for global enhanced ads --> <style> .ad-text { background: #f0f2f2; font-size: 0.675rem; padding: 2px; color: #444; text-transform: uppercase; border-top: 4px solid #DCDCDC; } </style> <style> .wallpaper-applied.site-width-1024 .ad-style1, .wallpaper-applied.site-width-1024 header#masthead+.ad { width: 728px; } </style> <!-- START DIRECTORY CSS STYLING --> <style> .directories .contactOption__web a{ overflow-wrap: break-word; } .directories .company-footer .company-footer__content__sleeve .company-footer__content .company-footer__info-logo-request-info, .directories .company-footer .company-footer__content__sleeve .company-footer__content { gap:20px; } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px){ .full-branded-section, .full-container { width: unset; left: unset; right: unset; margin-left: unset; margin-right: unset; } .directories .company-footer .company-footer__content__sleeve .company-footer__content .company-footer__info-logo-request-info .company-footer__info{ margin:0; } } @media screen and (min-width: 1280px){ .directories #content .headerWrapper, .directories .contentWrapper { width: 100%; } .directories .company-header .company-header__content__sleeve .company-header__content .company-header__info { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; } .directories .company-header .company-header__content__sleeve .company-header__content .company-header__logo-request-info .company-header__logo .company-header__logo_inner { margin-right: 20px; } .directories .contactus__header .contactus__header_location { margin-left: 12%; } .directories .company-header .company-header__content__sleeve .company-header__company-tabs, .directories .company-footer .company-footer__content__sleeve .company-footer__content { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; } } </style> <!-- END DIRECTORY CSS STYLING --> <!-- Beginnig hot topics CSS STYLING --> <style> .hot-topics-item {display: none;} .hot-topics-item > span:nth-child(2) > a:nth-child(1) {display: none;} .wallpaper-applied.site-width-1024 .hot-topics-container { position: relative; width: 100% !important; margin: auto; } .wallpaper-applied.site-width-1024 .container.hot-topics-container .inner-sleeve { max-width: 1024px !important; width: 100%; margin: 0 auto; } .directories .contactus__footer { display: none; } div.company-footer__info-logo-request-info > div.company-footer__info > button { display: none !important; } div.company-header__content > div.company-header__info > button { display: none !important; } .cta-button-wrapper { margin: 0 auto !important; display: table;} .cta-button { background: transparent; padding: 10px 20px; border: 2px solid #005092; border-radius: 20px; margin: 0 auto !important; transition: all 0.25s ease; } .cta-button:hover { background: #005092; color: #fff !important; padding: 10px 20px; border: 2px solid #005092; border-radius: 20px; transition: all 0.25s ease; text-decoration: none; } .storytext .inline_gallery.style1-gallery .galleryscroll .text.content {background: #ffffff73; padding: 10px;} </style> <style> .contactOption__email { display: none; } </style> <!-- <style> div#wrapper div#wrapper_sleeve.showMenuPushed div.container.relatedArticles.companyNews {display: none;} </style> --> <!-- END hot topics CSS STYLING --><style type="text/css">.inline_image img[width][height]:not(.zoomable-image) {contain: unset;}</style> <script data-ad-client="ca-pub-7045852503918369" async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ojKNsJR7hnpBNaYvxbPPxNCHSQ0YJnk6BHFQui-VqsQ" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="HCoJsr9OuUiqJS--PJxmsXQRuTF7_scJPa_V9A_g7yA" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="yqc9O3gL22UT2bkYsY2LHSea9TJiT_5aiXGAQd2Grgw" /> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <!-- Begin of setting Premium user --> <script> $(document).ready(function() { var notSignedIn = getDataLayerVal('PartyActiveProductIds') == undefined ? true : false ; if(!notSignedIn){ var splitthis = getDataLayerVal('PartyActiveProductIds').split('|'); var premium = splitthis.filter(function(number) { return number == '2'; }); if(premium.length != 0){ document.querySelector('body').classList.add("premium"); } else{ if(document.querySelector('body').classList.contains("premium")){ document.querySelector('body').classList.remove("premium"); } } } }) </script> <!-- End of setting Premium user --> <style> .mast-sharing-icons { display: none; position: absolute; right: 20px; bottom: -20px; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .mast-sharing-icons:after { display: table; clear: both; content: ''; } .mast-sharing-icons li { float: left; } .mast-sharing-icons li:not(:last-child) { margin-right: 8px; } .mast-sharing-icons li a { display: inline-block; } .mast-sharing-icons li a svg [id$="-circle"] { fill: #005092; transition: fill 200ms linear; } .mast-sharing-icons li a:hover svg [id$="-circle"] { fill: #000; } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px) { .mast-sharing-icons { display: block; } } </style> <script> var showwallpaper; if(document.querySelector('meta[name="showwallpaper"]')) { showwallpaper = document.querySelector('meta[name="showwallpaper"]').content; } </script> <style> @media screen and (min-width: 1220px) { .wallpaper-applied.site-width-1024 .mast.container .inner-sleeve, .wallpaper-applied.site-width-1024 #mainnav.container .inner-sleeve { max-width: 1220px; } } </style> <script type='text/javascript'> function getDataLayerVal(keyVal) { for (var i = 0; i < window.dataLayer.length; i++) { if (dataLayer[i][keyVal] !== undefined) { return dataLayer[i][keyVal]; } } } function updateContentFromDataLayer(selector, value) { return document.querySelector(selector).innerText = getDataLayerVal(value) } </script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { // Define a size mapping object which can be applied to the ad positions. The first // parameter to addSize is a viewport size, while the second is a list of allowed ad sizes. // The sizes included below match those in the examples provided in this support document. //(Used for: AdvertA, AdvertC, AdvertAttach) var mapSmallRight = googletag.sizeMapping(). // 320, 0 (Mobile) addSize([320, 0], [[300,75],[320,50],[300,250]]). // 768, 0 (Tablet - Portrait) addSize([768, 0], [[300, 250]]). // 1024, 0 (Desktop / Tablet Landscape) addSize([1024, 0], [[300,250]]).build(); //(Used for: AdvertB) var mapSmallRightB = googletag.sizeMapping(). // 320, 0 (Mobile) addSize([320, 0], [[300,75],[320,50],[300,250]]). // 768, 0 (Tablet - Portrait) addSize([768, 0], [[300, 250]]). // 1024, 0 (Desktop / Tablet Landscape) addSize([1024, 0], [[300,250], [120,600], [160,600], [300,600]]).build(); //(Used for: AdvertD, AdvertE, AdvertF) var mapLargeRight = googletag.sizeMapping(). // 320, 0 (Mobile) addSize([320, 0], [[300, 50]]). // 768, 0 (Tablet - Portrait) addSize([768, 0], [[300, 250]]). // 1024, 0 (Desktop / Tablet Landscape) addSize([1024, 0], [[300, 600]]).build(); // WV Cloud Documentation | Google DoubleClick Advertising // abacusemedia.com/webvision Page 6 of 12 //(Used for: Masthead Leaderboard;) var mapLB = googletag.sizeMapping(). // 320, 0 (Mobile) addSize([320, 0], [[300,50], [320, 50]]). // 601, 0 (Small Tablet - Portrait) addSize([601, 0], [[468,60]]). // 768, 0 (Tablet - Portrait) addSize([768, 0], [[728,90]]). // 1024, 0 (Desktop / Tablet Landscape) addSize([1024, 0], [[728,90], [970,250]]).build(); var mapWallpaper = googletag.sizeMapping(). addSize([0, 0], []). // 1220, 0 addSize([1220, 0], [1, 1]).build(); // var wallpaperSlot = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/WallpaperV5', 'div-gpt-ad-1602240785818-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); // ADVERT A googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/RGI.COM_MPU_GENERAL_PAGES', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1602084646203-0').defineSizeMapping(mapSmallRight).addService(googletag.pubads()); // ADVERT B googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/RGI_MPU_General2', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1601978937945-0').defineSizeMapping(mapSmallRightB).addService(googletag.pubads()); // ADVERT C googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/RGI_MPU_C', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1666188956933-0').defineSizeMapping(mapSmallRight).addService(googletag.pubads()); // UNDER NAV googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/RGI.COM_LEAD_GENERAL_PAGES', [[300, 50], [320, 50], [970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250], [468, 60]], 'div-gpt-ad-1601973347622-0').defineSizeMapping(mapLB).addService(googletag.pubads()); // Home Leaderboard 2 googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/RGI_Leaderboard_2', [[300, 50], [320, 50], [970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250], [468, 60]], 'div-gpt-ad-1724079785985-0').defineSizeMapping(mapLB).addService(googletag.pubads()); // Home Leaderboard 3 googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/RGI_Leaderboard_3', [[300, 50], [320, 50], [970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250], [468, 60]], 'div-gpt-ad-1724081464759-0').defineSizeMapping(mapLB).addService(googletag.pubads()); // Leaderboard 4 googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/RGI_leaderboard_4', [[970, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1726133201831-0').defineSizeMapping(mapLB).addService(googletag.pubads()); // home video slot //googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/rgivideo', [[640, 480], [300, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1644499013896-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); //RG ADHESION - (WB 10.09/2024) googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/RGI_Adhesion', 'div-gpt-ad-1725960169073-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); // Microsite ad units googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/Metro_MPU_General', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1602154876742-0').defineSizeMapping(mapSmallRight).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/Metro_MPU_B', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1602154919837-0').defineSizeMapping(mapSmallRight).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/Metro_MPU_C', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1602154953662-0').defineSizeMapping(mapSmallRight).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/Metro_Leaderboard_General', [[300, 50], [728, 90], [468, 60]], 'div-gpt-ad-1707835215170-0').defineSizeMapping(mapLB).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/Metro_Skyscraper', [[300, 600], [300, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1602154984749-0').defineSizeMapping(mapSmallRightB).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/RBUK_Masthead_Leader_under_Nav', [[300, 50], [728, 90], [468, 60]], 'div-gpt-ad-1602155029502-0').defineSizeMapping(mapLB).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/RBUK_Advert_A', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1602155062284-0').defineSizeMapping(mapSmallRight).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/RBUK_MPU_B', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1602155092840-0').defineSizeMapping(mapSmallRightB).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/RBUK_Advert_C', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1602155131343-0').defineSizeMapping(mapSmallRightB).addService(googletag.pubads()); //Out of page unit - added 15-9-22 googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/RGI_Interstitial', 'div-gpt-ad-1663232421348-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('UserStateLoggedIn', getDataLayerVal('UserStateLoggedIn')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('StoryCategories', getDataLayerVal('StoryCategories')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('navcode', getDataLayerVal('NavCode')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('articleid', getDataLayerVal('StoryID')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('storylayout', getDataLayerVal('StoryLayout')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('jobtitle', typeof jobtitleVar !== 'undefined' ? jobtitleVar.slice(1,-1) : ''); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('industrysector', typeof industrySectorVar !== 'undefined' ? industrySectorVar.slice(1,-1) : ''); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('MicrositeNavCode', getDataLayerVal('MicrositeNavCode')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('usertype', getDataLayerVal('usertype')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('ProductId',getDataLayerVal('PartyActiveProductIds')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("url",window.location.pathname); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('slug', document.location.pathname.substr(document.location.pathname.lastIndexOf('/'))); if (document.querySelector('#div-gpt-ad-1602240785818-0') && showwallpaper && (window.innerWidth > 1220)) { var wallpaperSlot = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/WallpaperV5', 'div-gpt-ad-1602240785818-0').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting('url', document.location.pathname); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if((event.slot.getSlotElementId() == wallpaperSlot.getSlotElementId()) && !event.isEmpty) { if(document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad[data-site-width-1024]')) { document.body.classList.add('site-width-1024'); } if(showwallpaper === "true") { document.body.classList.add('wallpaper-applied'); $(window).trigger('wallpaper:advert'); } } }); }; googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 5, // Fetch slots within 5 viewports. renderMarginPercent: 5, // Render slots within 2 viewports. mobileScaling: 0 // Double the above values on mobile. }); //googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering(); //googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.enableServices(); }); // check if wallpaper is defined, is set to be shown on this page and screen width is greater than 1220 /* if (document.querySelector('#div-gpt-ad-1578661320890-0') && showwallpaper && (window.innerWidth > 1220)) { var wallpaperSlot = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/210416249/Wallpaper', 'div-gpt-ad-1602240785818-0').defineSizeMapping(mapWallpaper).addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting('url', document.location.pathname); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { debugger; if((event.slot.getSlotElementId() == wallpaperSlot.getSlotElementId()) && !event.isEmpty) { debugger; if(document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad[data-site-width-1024]')) { document.body.className += ' ' + 'site-width-1024'; } if(showwallpaper === "true") { document.body.className += ' ' + 'wallpaper-applied'; $(window).trigger('wallpaper:advert'); } } }); }; */ window.addEventListener('message', receiveMessage, false); function receiveMessage(event) { if(event.data == 'wallpaper-fireplace' || event.data == 'wallpaper-standard') { //if(event.data == 'wallpaper-standard') { document.body.classList.add(event.data); positionWallpaperFromTop(); wallpaperElement = document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad').getElementsByTagName('div')[0]; wallpaperElement.style.top = document.querySelector('#masthead').getBoundingClientRect().bottom + 'px'; } } function positionWallpaperFromTop() { if(!window.IntersectionObserver) return; var observer = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries) { if (entries[0].isIntersecting) { var wallpaperElement = document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad').getElementsByTagName('div')[0]; wallpaperElement.style.top = (document.querySelector('#masthead').getBoundingClientRect().bottom + window.scrollY) + 'px' } else { document.querySelector('#wrapper_sleeve').style.top = '0'; } }); observer.observe(document.querySelector('#masthead')); } </script> <!-- THIS IS COMMENTED OUT AS IT ALREADY EXISTS ON A SEPARATE PAGE TEXT "Google tag manager" --> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KGQPK8B" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <script type="text/javascript"> _linkedin_partner_id = "3203105"; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids = window._linkedin_data_partner_ids || []; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; var b = document.createElement("script"); b.type = "text/javascript"; b.async = true; b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"; s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})(); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=3203105&fmt=gif" /> </noscript> <script> var EnhancedAdvertisingConfig = {}; </script> <!--Global Enhanced Adverts JSON definition from PAGETEXT--> <script> EnhancedAdvertisingConfig = { "Refresh":false, "RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultDesktop":30, "RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultMobile":30, "StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsAll":"Ads,Widgets", "StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsInline":"", "StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsRHC":"", "StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsAll":"", "StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsInline":"", "StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsRHC":"", "StoryDynamicSlotsRepeat":true, "StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMaxInlineSlots":3, "StoryDynamicSlotsMobileMaxInlineSlots":3, "StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMaxRHCSlots":3, "StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopElementSpacingFirst":3, "StoryDynamicSlotsMobileElementSpacingFirst":2, "StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopElementSpacing":4, "StoryDynamicSlotsMobileElementSpacing":3, "GAMAdUnitSizesInlineMobileDefault":[[300,250]], "GAMAdUnitSizesInlineDesktopDefault":[[300,250]], "GAMAdUnitSizesRHCDefault":[[300,250],[300,600]], "RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert":250, "RHCAdContainerDefaultHeight":250, "RHCMinHeightForStickyAd":300, "RHCStickyAdThresholdHeight":300, "RHCAdSmallContainerDefaultHeight":300, "CollapseEmptyDivs":true, "Slots":[ { "Type":"GAMAdvert", "Position":"PreferRight", "Group":"Ads", "AdUnit":"/13644946/RGI.COM_MPU_GENERAL_PAGES", "RefreshDelaySeconds":30, "Sticky":false, "Repeat":false, "Refresh":true, "InsertIfNoRHCSpace":true, "NoBackfill":true, "AdUnitSizesInline":[[300,250]], //not required after hotfix "AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop":[[300,250]], "AdUnitSizesInlineMobile":[[300,600],[300,250]], "AdUnitSizesRHC":[[300,250]], "ExtraHTML":"<div class=\"ad-text\">Advert</div>", "MinHeight":250 }, { "Type":"CustomContent", "Position":"Right", "Sticky":false, "Group":"Widgets", "Repeat":false, "InsertIfNoRHCSpace":true, "HTML":"<div class=\"tab-widget-5\" data-ajax-load-content=\"\" data-cache-bust=\"true\" data-url=\"/ajax/most\"></div>", "CustomEventName":"MostPopularWidgetInit", "Javascript":function(elem,container,slotconfig,adcounter,counter,repeat){ $(window).trigger("abacus:readjusrhcheight",[event, elem]); }, "CSSClass":"wvc-custom-widget-mostpopular", "MinHeight":600 }, { "Type":"GAMAdvert", "Position":"Right", "Group":"Ads", "AdUnit":"/13644946/RGI_MPU_General2", "RefreshDelaySeconds":30, "Sticky":true, "Repeat":false, "Refresh":true, "NoBackfill":true, "InsertIfNoRHCSpace":true, "AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop":[[300,250]], "AdUnitSizesInlineMobile":[[300,250]], "AdUnitSizesRHC":[[300,600],[300,250]], "ExtraHTML":"<div class=\"ad-text\">Advert</div>", "MinHeight":250 }, //repeating slots - 1 and 2 { "Type":"GAMAdvert", "Position":"Right", "Group":"Ads", "AdUnit":"/13644946/RGI.COM_MPU_GENERAL_PAGES", "RefreshDelaySeconds":30, "Sticky":true, "Repeat":true, "Refresh":true, "NoBackfill":true, "InsertIfNoRHCSpace":false, "AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop":[[300,250]], "AdUnitSizesInlineMobile":[[300,250]], "AdUnitSizesRHC":[[300,250]], "ExtraHTML":"<div class=\"ad-text\">Advert</div>", "MinHeight":250 }, { "Type":"GAMAdvert", "Position":"Right", "Group":"Ads", "AdUnit":"/13644946/RGI_MPU_General2", "RefreshDelaySeconds":30, "Sticky":true, "Repeat":true, "Refresh":true, "NoBackfill":true, "InsertIfNoRHCSpace":false, "AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop":[[300,250]], "AdUnitSizesInlineMobile":[[300,250]], "AdUnitSizesRHC":[[300,250]], "ExtraHTML":"<div class=\"ad-text\">Advert</div>", "MinHeight":250 }, //inline repaeting slots { "Type":"GAMAdvert", "Position":"Inline", "Group":"Ads", "AdUnit":"/13644946/RGI.COM_MPU_GENERAL_PAGES", "RefreshDelaySeconds":30, "Repeat":true, "Refresh":true, "NoBackfill":false, "AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop":[[300,250]], "AdUnitSizesInlineMobile":[[300,250]], "ExtraHTML":"<div class=\"ad-text\">Advert</div>", "MinHeight":269 }, { "Type":"GAMAdvert", "Position":"Inline", "Group":"Ads", "AdUnit":"/13644946/RGI_MPU_General2", "RefreshDelaySeconds":30, "Repeat":true, "Refresh":true, "NoBackfill":false, "AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop":[[300,250]], "AdUnitSizesInlineMobile":[[300,250]], "ExtraHTML":"<div class=\"ad-text\">Advert</div>", "MinHeight":269 } ], "Overrides":[ { //If Type='Sponsored' (1018) OR Type='Organisations' (1015) OR Type='Tender' (1030) OR Type='Job' (1031) "Conditions":"StoryType-1015,StoryType-1018,StoryType-1030,StoryType-1031", "Operator":"Or", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsAll":"Ads" } }, { //If Category="Slots (all) - Off" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-99999999", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsAll":"Ads,Widgets" } }, { //If Category="Slots (RHC) - Off" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-99999999", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsRHC":"Ads,Widgets" } }, { //If Category="Slots (inline) - Off" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-99999999", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsInline":"Ads,Widgets" } }, { //If Category="Advert slots (all) - Off" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-99999999", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsAll":"Ads" } }, { //If Category="Advert slots (RHC) - Off" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-99999999", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsRHC":"Ads" } }, { //If Category="Advert slots (inline) - Off" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-99999999", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsInline":"Ads", } } ] };</script> <script> $(window).trigger("wvcfe:globalenhancedadvertsinit", [event, EnhancedAdvertisingConfig]); (function(w, d) { if(window.NodeList && !NodeList.prototype.forEach) { NodeList.prototype.forEach = Array.prototype.forEach; } d.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(event) { if(EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Slots) { var enhAdDebug = false; if( localStorage.getItem('enh-ads-debug') == 'true' ) enhAdDebug = true; var sp = 'story-inlinecontent-placeholder'; var supportedTypes = ['gamadvert', 'customcontent']; var supportedPositions = ['inline', 'preferright', 'right']; var isDesktopResolution = w.matchMedia("screen and (min-width: 1023px)").matches; var isStoryFullLayout = d.body.classList.contains('story-full-layout'); var inlineCounter = 1; var rhcCounter = 1; var inlineAdCounter = 1; var rhcAdCounter = 1; var ticking = false; $('#story.enhanced-advertising .storytext > div.webonly').each( function(){ var t = $(this); t.replaceWith( t.html() ); }); var storyCustomContentPlaceholders = d.querySelectorAll('#story.enhanced-advertising .storytext > *'); var maxRHCSlotsToFitIn = 0; var matches = function(el, selector) { return (el.matches || el.matchesSelector || el.msMatchesSelector || el.mozMatchesSelector || el.webkitMatchesSelector || el.oMatchesSelector).call(el, selector); }; var getClosestParent = function(elem, selector) { for(; elem && elem !== d; elem = elem.parentNode) { if(matches(elem, selector)) { return elem; } } return null; }; var storyType = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryTypeCode && el.StoryTypeCode != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return 'StoryType-' + el.StoryTypeCode; }).join('') : ''; var storyFormat = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryFormatCode && el.StoryFormatCode != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return 'StoryFormat-' + el.StoryFormatCode; }).join('') : ''; var storyLayout = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryLayoutCode && el.StoryLayoutCode != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return 'StoryLayout-' + el.StoryLayoutCode; }).join('') : ''; //PWVD-780 var storyWidth = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryWidth && el.StoryWidth != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return 'StoryWidth-' + el.StoryWidth; }).join('') : ''; var storyFullNavPath = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryFullNavPath && el.StoryFullNavPath != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return el.StoryFullNavPath; }).join('').split('|').filter(function(el) { return el && el != 'null'; }).join('-') : ''; var storyCategoriesCodes = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryCategoriesCodes && el.StoryCategoriesCodes != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return el.StoryCategoriesCodes; }).join('').split('|').filter(function(el) { return el && el != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return 'StoryCategoriesCodes-' + el; }) : []; var storyID = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryID && el.StoryID != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return 'StoryID-' + el.StoryID; }).filter(function(el) { return el && el != 'null' && el != 'StoryID-'; }).join('') : ''; storyFullNavPath = (storyFullNavPath ? 'StoryFullNavPath-' + storyFullNavPath : ''); var allDataLayerFilters = storyCategoriesCodes.concat([storyType, storyFormat, storyLayout, storyWidth, storyFullNavPath, storyID]).map(function(m) { return m.toLowerCase(); }); EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert = (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert || 800); EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd = (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd || 250); if('Overrides' in EnhancedAdvertisingConfig) { if(EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Overrides) { var overrides = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Overrides; var andOperator = function() { return (override.Conditions.toLowerCase().split(',').filter(function(el) { return el && el; }).every(function(el) { return allDataLayerFilters.indexOf(el) != -1; })); }; var orOperator = function(el) { return (override.Conditions.toLowerCase().split(',').filter(function(el) { return el && el; }).some(function(el) { return allDataLayerFilters.indexOf(el) != -1; })); }; for(var i = 0, iL = overrides.length; i < iL; i++) { var override = overrides[i]; var operatorFilter; if(override.Operator && override.Operator.toLowerCase() == 'and') { operatorFilter = andOperator; } else { operatorFilter = orOperator; } if(operatorFilter()) { if('Settings' in override) { if(override.Settings) { var settings = override.Settings; if('AddGroupsAll' in settings && settings.AddGroupsAll && isString(settings.AddGroupsAll)) { if(settings.AddGroupsAll.toLowerCase().toLowerCase().indexOf('[all]') != -1) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsAll = '[all]'; } else { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsAll += ',' + settings.AddGroupsAll.toLowerCase(); } } if('AddGroupsInline' in settings && settings.AddGroupsInline && isString(settings.AddGroupsInline)) { if(settings.AddGroupsInline.toLowerCase().toLowerCase().indexOf('[all]') != -1) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsInline = '[all]'; } else { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsInline += ',' + settings.AddGroupsInline.toLowerCase(); } } if('AddGroupsRHC' in settings && settings.AddGroupsRHC && isString(settings.AddGroupsRHC)) { if(settings.AddGroupsRHC.toLowerCase().toLowerCase().indexOf('[all]') != -1) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsRHC = '[all]'; } else { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsRHC += ',' + settings.AddGroupsRHC.toLowerCase(); } } if('RemoveGroupsAll' in settings && settings.RemoveGroupsAll && isString(settings.RemoveGroupsAll)) { if(settings.RemoveGroupsAll.toLowerCase().toLowerCase().indexOf('[all]') != -1) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsAll = '[all]'; } else { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsAll += ',' + settings.RemoveGroupsAll.toLowerCase(); } } if('RemoveGroupsInline' in settings && settings.RemoveGroupsInline && isString(settings.RemoveGroupsInline)) { if(settings.RemoveGroupsInline.toLowerCase().toLowerCase().indexOf('[all]') != -1) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsInline = '[all]'; } else { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsInline += ',' + settings.RemoveGroupsInline.toLowerCase(); } } if('RemoveGroupsRHC' in settings && settings.RemoveGroupsRHC && isString(settings.RemoveGroupsRHC)) { if(settings.RemoveGroupsRHC.toLowerCase().toLowerCase().indexOf('[all]') != -1) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsRHC = '[all]'; } else { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsRHC += ',' + settings.RemoveGroupsRHC.toLowerCase(); } } if('Repeat' in settings && isBoolean(settings.Repeat)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRepeat = settings.Repeat; } if('DesktopMaxInlineSlots' in settings && isNumberPositiveOrZero(settings.DesktopMaxInlineSlots)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMaxInlineSlots = settings.DesktopMaxInlineSlots; } if('MobileMaxInlineSlots' in settings && isNumberPositiveOrZero(settings.MobileMaxInlineSlots)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileMaxInlineSlots = settings.MobileMaxInlineSlots; } if('DesktopMinRHCSlots' in settings && isNumberPositiveOrZero(settings.DesktopMinRHCSlots)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMinRHCSlots = settings.DesktopMinRHCSlots; } if('MobileMinRHCSlots' in settings && isNumberPositiveOrZero(settings.MobileMinRHCSlots)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileMinRHCSlots = settings.MobileMinRHCSlots; } if('DesktopMaxRHCSlots' in settings && isNumberPositiveOrZero(settings.DesktopMaxRHCSlots)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMaxRHCSlots = settings.DesktopMaxRHCSlots; } if('MobileMaxRHCSlots' in settings && isNumberPositiveOrZero(settings.MobileMaxRHCSlots)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileMaxRHCSlots = settings.MobileMaxRHCSlots; } if('DesktopElementSpacingFirst' in settings && settings.DesktopElementSpacingFirst && isNumberPositive(settings.DesktopElementSpacingFirst)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopElementSpacingFirst = settings.DesktopElementSpacingFirst; } if('MobileElementSpacingFirst' in settings && settings.MobileElementSpacingFirst && isNumberPositive(settings.MobileElementSpacingFirst)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileElementSpacingFirst = settings.MobileElementSpacingFirst; } if('DesktopElementSpacing' in settings && settings.DesktopElementSpacing && isNumberPositive(settings.DesktopElementSpacing)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopElementSpacing = settings.DesktopElementSpacing; } if('MobileElementSpacing' in settings && settings.MobileElementSpacing && isNumberPositive(settings.MobileElementSpacing)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileElementSpacing = settings.MobileElementSpacing; } if('RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert' in settings && settings.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert && isNumberPositive(settings.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert = settings.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert; } if('RHCMinHeightForStickyAd' in settings && settings.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd && isNumberPositive(settings.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd = settings.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd; } if('CollapseEmptyDivs' in settings && isBoolean(settings.CollapseEmptyDivs)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.CollapseEmptyDivs = settings.CollapseEmptyDivs; } } } } } } } var paragraphThreshold = isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopElementSpacing : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileElementSpacing; var paragraphFirstThreshold = isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopElementSpacingFirst : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileElementSpacingFirst; var maxInlineSlots = isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMaxInlineSlots : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileMaxInlineSlots; var minRHCSlots = isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMinRHCSlots : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileMinRHCSlots; var maxRHCSlots = isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMaxRHCSlots : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileMaxRHCSlots; var allAddGroups = (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsAll ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsAll : "").split(',').filter(function(f) { return f; }).filter(function(x, i, a) { return a.indexOf(x) === i; }); var allAddInlineGroups = [].concat(allAddGroups, (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsInline ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsInline : "").split(',')).map(function(m) { return m.toLowerCase(); }).filter(function(f) { return f; }).filter(function(x, i, a) { return a.indexOf(x) === i; }); var allAddRHCGroups = [].concat(allAddGroups, (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsRHC ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsRHC : "").split(',')).map(function(m) { return m.toLowerCase(); }).filter(function(f) { return f; }).filter(function(x, i, a) { return a.indexOf(x) === i; }); var allRemoveGroups = (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsAll ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsAll : "").split(',').filter(function(f) { return f; }).filter(function(x, i, a) { return a.indexOf(x) === i; }); var allRemoveInlineGroups = [].concat(allRemoveGroups, (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsInline ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsInline : "").split(',')).map(function(m) { return m.toLowerCase(); }).filter(function(f) { return f; }).filter(function(x, i, a) { return a.indexOf(x) === i; }); var allRemoveRHCGroups = [].concat(allRemoveGroups, (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsRHC ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsRHC : "").split(',')).map(function(m) { return m.toLowerCase(); }).filter(function(f) { return f; }).filter(function(x, i, a) { return a.indexOf(x) === i; }); EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Slots = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Slots.map(function(x, i) { x.Used = false; x.Index = i; if('Type' in x) { if(supportedTypes.indexOf(x.Type.toString().toLowerCase()) != -1) { x.Type = x.Type.toString().toLowerCase(); } else { x.Type = 'customcontent'; } } else { x.Type = 'customcontent'; } if('Position' in x) { if(supportedPositions.indexOf(x.Position.toString().toLowerCase()) != -1) { x.Position = x.Position.toString().toLowerCase(); } else { x.Position = 'inline'; } } else { x.Position = 'inline'; } if('CSSClass' in x) { x.CSSClass = x.CSSClass.toString().split(' ').join(',').split(',').filter(function(e) { return e && e; }).join(' '); } else { x.CSSClass = ''; } if('Group' in x) { x.Group = x.Group.toString().split(' ').join(',').split(',').filter(function(e) { return e && e; }).join(','); } else { x.Group = ''; } if('Sticky' in x) { if(x.Sticky.toString().toLowerCase() == 'true') { x.Sticky = true; } else { x.Sticky = false; } } else { x.Sticky = false; } if('InsertIfNoRHCSpace' in x) { if(x.InsertIfNoRHCSpace.toString().toLowerCase() == 'true') { x.InsertIfNoRHCSpace = true; } else { x.InsertIfNoRHCSpace = false; } } else { x.InsertIfNoRHCSpace = false; } if('MinHeight' in x) { x.MinHeight = parseInt(x.MinHeight.toString()); } else { x.MinHeight = 0; } if('NoBackfill' in x) { if(x.NoBackfill.toString().toLowerCase() == 'true') { x.NoBackfill = true; } else { x.NoBackfill = false; } } else { x.NoBackfill = false; } if('Refresh' in x) { if(x.Refresh.toString().toLowerCase() == 'true') { x.Refresh = true; } else { x.Refresh = false; } } else { x.Refresh = false; } if('ExtraHTML' in x) { if(x.ExtraHTML.toString()) { x.ExtraHTML = x.ExtraHTML.toString(); } else { x.ExtraHTML = ''; } } else { x.ExtraHTML = ''; } if('CustomEventName' in x) { if(x.CustomEventName.toString()) { x.CustomEventName = x.CustomEventName.toString(); } else { x.CustomEventName = ''; } } else { x.CustomEventName = ''; } if('Javascript' in x) { if(x.Javascript) { if(typeof x.Javascript === 'function') { x.Javascript = x.Javascript; } } else { x.Javascript = ''; } } else { x.Javascript = ''; } if('AdUnit' in x) { if(x.AdUnit.toString()) { x.AdUnit = x.AdUnit.toString(); } else { x.AdUnit = ''; } } else { x.AdUnit = ''; } if('AdUnitSizesInlineMobile' in x) { x.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile = x.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile; } else if('GAMAdUnitSizesInlineMobileDefault' in EnhancedAdvertisingConfig) { x.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.GAMAdUnitSizesInlineMobileDefault } if('AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop' in x) { x.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop = x.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop; } else if('GAMAdUnitSizesInlineDesktopDefault' in EnhancedAdvertisingConfig) { x.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.GAMAdUnitSizesInlineDesktopDefault; } if('AdUnitSizesRHC' in x) { x.AdUnitSizesRHC = x.AdUnitSizesRHC; } else if('GAMAdUnitSizesRHCDefault' in EnhancedAdvertisingConfig) { x.AdUnitSizesRHC = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.GAMAdUnitSizesRHCDefault; } if('RefreshDelaySeconds' in x) { x.RefreshDelaySeconds = parseInt(x.RefreshDelaySeconds.toString(), 10); } else { x.RefreshDelaySeconds = 30; } return x; }); var storyInlineContent = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Slots.filter(function(el) { return el && (el.Position.toLowerCase() == "inline" || ((!isDesktopResolution || isStoryFullLayout) && el.Position.toLowerCase() == "preferright")) && (el.Group || "").split(',').filter(function(subel) { return subel && subel != undefined; }).map(function(subel) { return subel.toLowerCase(); }).some(function(subel) { return allAddInlineGroups.indexOf(subel) != -1 || allAddInlineGroups.indexOf('[all]') != -1; }) && !(el.Group || "").split(',').filter(function(subel) { return subel && subel != undefined; }).map(function(subel) { return subel.toLowerCase(); }).some(function(subel) { return allRemoveInlineGroups.indexOf(subel) != -1 || allRemoveInlineGroups.indexOf('[all]') != -1; }); }); var storyRHCContent = isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Slots.filter(function(el) { return el && (el.Position.toLowerCase() == "right" || (isDesktopResolution && !isStoryFullLayout && el.Position.toLowerCase() == "preferright")) && (el.Group || "").split(',').filter(function(subel) { return subel && subel != undefined; }).map(function(subel) { return subel.toLowerCase(); }).some(function(subel) { return allAddRHCGroups.indexOf(subel) != -1 || allAddRHCGroups.indexOf('[all]') != -1; }) && !(el.Group || "").split(',').filter(function(subel) { return subel && subel != undefined; }).map(function(subel) { return subel.toLowerCase(); }).some(function(subel) { return allRemoveRHCGroups.indexOf(subel) != -1 || allRemoveRHCGroups.indexOf('[all]') != -1; }); }) : []; storyInlineContent.forEach( (c, ix) => c.inlineIndex = ix ); storyRHCContent.forEach( (c, ix) => c.rhcIndex = ix ); var googletag = w.googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; if( isNumberPositive(maxInlineSlots) ){ //PWVD-781 for(var tmpCounter = 0, i = 0, eL = storyCustomContentPlaceholders.length, adThresholdCounter = 1; i < eL; i++) { var currentIsPara = matches(storyCustomContentPlaceholders[i], 'p:not([class])'); var nextIsPara = (i + 1 < eL) && matches(storyCustomContentPlaceholders[i + 1], 'p:not([class])'); if( currentIsPara && !nextIsPara ){ //PWVD-897 - count paragraphs followed by any other element if(adThresholdCounter < (tmpCounter == 0 ? paragraphFirstThreshold : paragraphThreshold)) { adThresholdCounter++; continue; } } else if( currentIsPara && nextIsPara ) { if(adThresholdCounter < (tmpCounter == 0 ? paragraphFirstThreshold : paragraphThreshold)) { adThresholdCounter++; continue; } tmpCounter++; adThresholdCounter = 1; storyCustomContentPlaceholders[i].outerHTML = storyCustomContentPlaceholders[i].outerHTML + "<div class=\"story-inlinecontent-placeholder story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init item-notin-viewport\" data-storyinlinecontainer=\"" + tmpCounter + "\"><div class=\"story-inlinecontent-placeholder-inner\" data-id=\"story-inline-item-" + tmpCounter + "\" data-storyinlineitem=\"" + tmpCounter + "\"></div></div>"; if(tmpCounter >= maxInlineSlots && maxInlineSlots) break; } } } if(d.querySelector('#story.enhanced-advertising:not(.story-full-layout) #rightcolumn_sleeve')) { if(!(d.body.id == "story" || d.body.id == "story_custom") && !d.querySelector('.storytext div.table-full:not(.initialized)')) { w.addEventListener("abacus:storytexttablefull:finished", function(e) { adjustRHCHeightAndInitialAds(); }, true); } else { adjustRHCHeightAndInitialAds(); } } if('IntersectionObserver' in w && 'IntersectionObserverEntry' in w && 'intersectionRatio' in w.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype) { d.querySelectorAll('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init').forEach(function(el) { if(el) { var inlineAdsObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries) { return inlineAdsObserverCallback(entries); }, { root: null, rootMargin: "50px 0px 50px 0px", threshold: [0, 0.01, 0.99, 1] }); inlineAdsObserver.observe(el); } }); var inlineAdsObserverCallback = function(entries) { return entries.forEach(function(entry, i) { if(entry.isIntersecting) { entry.target.classList.remove('item-notin-viewport'); entry.target.classList.add('item-in-viewport'); } else { entry.target.classList.remove('item-in-viewport'); entry.target.classList.add('item-notin-viewport'); } }); }; d.querySelectorAll('.storytext-end, #rhcreflow-extra-end').forEach(function(el) { if(el) { var adsInViewportObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries) { return adsInViewportObserverCallback(entries); }, { root: null, rootMargin: "0px 0px 200px 0px", threshold: [1] }); adsInViewportObserver.observe(el); } }); var adsInViewportObserverCallback = function(entries) { return entries.forEach(function(entry, i) { if(entry.isIntersecting) { if(entry.target.classList.contains('storytext-end') && d.body.classList.contains('enhanced-advertising-inline-init')) { d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-storytext-endreached'); } // RHC is empty at load time so it always fires as in viewport, need to check whether rhc ads slots already init if(entry.target.classList.contains('rhcreflow-extra-end') && d.body.classList.contains('enhanced-advertising-rhc-init')) { d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-rhc-endreached'); } /* if(entry.target.id === 'rhcreflow-extra'){ //Fix for issue when RHC is not in initial viewport if( location.host.indexOf('abasoftaws.co.uk') > 0 ) console.log('New observer callback'); readjusRHCHeight(); } */ } }); }; } var inlineEl = d.querySelector('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-completed):not(.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-processing)'); if(inlineEl) { googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; googletag.cmd.push(function() { d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-inline-init'); insertInlineSlot(inlineEl); console.log('Init inline ad slot load'); }); } function slotRender(event){ var el, slot = event.slot, slotId = slot.getSlotElementId(); if(enhAdDebug) console.log('Slot render: ' + slotId); if(slotId == 'custom-inline'){ el = document.querySelector(`div.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-inner[data-id="story-inline-item-${event.dataId}"]`); //Get inline slot (does not have ID) //if(!el) // el = document.querySelector(`div.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-inner[data-id="story-inline-item-${event.inlineIndex+1}"]`); } else el = d.getElementById(slotId); if(el) { var minHeight = 0; var parentInlineNode = getClosestParent(el, '.story-inlinecontent-placeholder'); var parentRHCNode = getClosestParent(el, '.story-rhccontent-placeholder'); if(parentInlineNode || parentRHCNode) { var classList = el.classList; if(parentInlineNode) { parentInlineNode.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad'); var index = parseInt(parentInlineNode.hasAttribute('data-index') ? parentInlineNode.getAttribute('data-index') : '0', 10); if(!event.isEmpty) { classList.add('ad'); classList.add('mob-ad-50'); classList.add('ad-story-inline'); classList.add('ad-story-inline-notempty'); parentInlineNode.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad-size-' + event.size.join('x')); parentInlineNode.setAttribute('data-slot', slot.getAdUnitPath()); var currentInlineSlot = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Index == index; }); if(currentInlineSlot.length) { minHeight = currentInlineSlot[0].MinHeight; if(currentInlineSlot[0].Repeat == false) { currentInlineSlot[0].Used = true; } } else { console.log('Slot with index [data-index="' + index + '"] was not found'); } parentInlineNode.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-finished'); insertInlineSlot(d.querySelector('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-inlinecontent-processing)')); } else { classList.add('ad-story-inline-isempty'); var currentInlineSlot = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Index == index; }); if(currentInlineSlot.length) { minHeight = currentInlineSlot[0].MinHeight; currentInlineSlot[0].Used = true; } else { console.log('Slot with index [data-index="' + index + '"] was not found'); } if(parentInlineNode && parentInlineNode.hasAttribute('data-nobackfill')) { if(parentInlineNode.getAttribute('data-nobackfill') == '1') { updateInlinePlaceholderClasses(parentInlineNode, event.isEmpty, minHeight); if(!storyInlineContent.some(function(el) { return el.Used == false; })) { finalizeRemainingEmptyInlineSlotContainers(parentInlineNode.classList, true); } else { insertInlineSlot(d.querySelector('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-inlinecontent-processing)')); } initRHCHeightCalc(); return; } } // Move to next from the list if( storyInlineContent.some( function(e){ return e.Used == false; } ) ) { if(enhAdDebug) console.log('slotRender: parentInlineNode: Move to next from the list') var adRetryCssClass = 'ad-story-inline-retry'; var nextInlineSlotList = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Index > index && e.Used == false; }); if(!nextInlineSlotList.length) { // select repeatable ads nextInlineSlotList = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && e.Index > index && e.Repeat == true; }); if(!nextInlineSlotList.length) { // if no repeatable ads by indexed order then start from the beginning or just pick any existing nextInlineSlotList = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && e.Repeat == true; }); if(!nextInlineSlotList.length) { // no more ads to add d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-inline-runoutofslots'); finalizeRemainingEmptyInlineSlotContainers(parentInlineNode.classList, true); updateInlinePlaceholderClasses(parentInlineNode, event.isEmpty, minHeight); initRHCHeightCalc(); return; } } } var mapInlineAdItem = nextInlineSlotList[0]; var refresh = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Refresh; googletag.destroySlots([slot]); if(mapInlineAdItem.Refresh) { refresh = mapInlineAdItem.Refresh; } if(mapInlineAdItem.Repeat) { parentInlineNode.classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-repeat-false'); parentInlineNode.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-repeat-true'); } else { parentInlineNode.classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-repeat-true'); parentInlineNode.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-repeat-false'); } var mapInlineAdItemSlot = googletag.defineSlot(mapInlineAdItem.AdUnit, isDesktopResolution ? mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop : mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile, slotId); if(mapInlineAdItemSlot) { mapInlineAdItemSlot.defineSizeMapping(googletag.sizeMapping().build()).setTargeting('refresh', (refresh ? 'true' : 'false')).setTargeting('refreshdelayseconds', mapInlineAdItem.RefreshDelaySeconds || (isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultDesktop : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultMobile)).setCollapseEmptyDiv(EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.CollapseEmptyDivs, false).addService(googletag.pubads()); } else { console.warn('Something wrong with inline ad slot \'' + slotId + '\', size(s) \'' + (isDesktopResolution ? mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop : mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile).join('x') + '\', path \'' + mapInlineAdItem.AdUnit + '\''); } googletag.display(slotId); el.classList.add(adRetryCssClass); parentInlineNode.setAttribute('data-index', mapInlineAdItem.Index); if(mapInlineAdItem.ExtraHTML) { var extraHTMLEl = parentInlineNode.querySelector('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml'); if(extraHTMLEl) { extraHTMLEl.innerHTML = mapInlineAdItem.ExtraHTML; } } else { var extraHTMLEl = parentInlineNode.querySelector('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml'); if(extraHTMLEl) { extraHTMLEl.innerHTML = ''; } } } else { // no slots to add.. finalizeRemainingEmptyInlineSlotContainers(parentInlineNode.classList, true); } } } else if(parentRHCNode) { parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad'); var index = parseInt(parentRHCNode.hasAttribute('data-index') ? parentRHCNode.getAttribute('data-index') : '0', 10); if(!event.isEmpty) { classList.add('ad-rhc'); classList.add('ad-story-rhc'); classList.add('ad-story-rhc-notempty'); parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-size-' + event.size.join('x')); parentRHCNode.setAttribute('data-slot', slot.getAdUnitPath()); var currentRHCSlot = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Index == index; }); if(currentRHCSlot.length) { minHeight = currentRHCSlot[0].MinHeight; if(currentRHCSlot[0].Repeat == false) { currentRHCSlot[0].Used = true; } if(currentRHCSlot[0].InsertIfNoRHCSpace) { currentRHCSlot[0].InsertIfNoRHCSpace = false; } } else { console.log('Slot with index [data-index="' + index + '"] was not found'); } parentRHCNode.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty'); parentRHCNode.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-notempty'); parentRHCNode.classList.add((event.isEmpty ? 'story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty' : 'story-rhccontent-placeholder-notempty')); parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-completed'); parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-finished'); var canAddRHC = isStoryTextTallerThanRHC(); if( ( index > 0 && !d.body.classList.contains('enhanced-advertising-inline-completed') && parentRHCNode.classList.contains('story-rhccontent-placeholder-canbesticky') ) || ( canAddRHC.canAdd && parentRHCNode.classList.contains('story-rhccontent-placeholder-canbesticky') && canAddRHC.delta > EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd ) ){ parentRHCNode.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-canbesticky'); parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-sticky'); } } else { classList.add('ad-story-rhc-isempty'); var currentRHCSlot = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Index == index; }); if(currentRHCSlot.length) { currentRHCSlot[0].Used = true; } else { console.log('Slot with index [data-index="' + index + '"] was not found'); } if(parentRHCNode && parentRHCNode.hasAttribute('data-nobackfill')) { if(parentRHCNode.getAttribute('data-nobackfill') == '1') { updateRHCPlaceholderClasses(parentRHCNode, event.isEmpty); if(!storyRHCContent.some(function(el) { return el.Used == false; })) { d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-rhc-runoutofslots'); finalizeRemainingEmptyRHCSlotContainers(parentRHCNode.classList, true); } initRHCHeightCalc(); return; } } // Move to next from the list if(enhAdDebug){ console.log('slotRender: parentRHCNode: storyRHCContent: index: ' + index); console.log(storyRHCContent); } if(storyRHCContent.some(function(e) { return e.Used == false; })) { var adRetryCssClass = 'ad-story-rhc-retry'; var nextRHCSlotList = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { if(enhAdDebug) console.log('%c Current index: ' + e.Index + ', slot data index: ' + index, 'color: #0C6') return e.Index > index && e.Used == false; }); if(enhAdDebug){ console.log('%c slotRender: parentRHCNode: Moved to next from the list', 'color: #06C'); console.log(nextRHCSlotList); } if(!nextRHCSlotList.length) { // select repeatable ads nextRHCSlotList = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && e.Index > index && e.Repeat == true; }); if(!nextRHCSlotList.length) { // if no repeatable ads by indexed order then start from the beginning or just pick any existing nextRHCSlotList = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && e.Repeat == true; }); if(!nextRHCSlotList.length) { // no more ads to add finalizeRemainingEmptyRHCSlotContainers(parentRHCNode.classList, false); //updateRHCPlaceholderClasses(parentRHCNode, event.isEmpty, minHeight); updateRHCPlaceholderClasses(parentRHCNode, event.isEmpty); initRHCHeightCalc(); return; } } } var mapRHCAdItem = nextRHCSlotList[0]; var refresh = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Refresh; googletag.destroySlots([slot]); if(mapRHCAdItem.Refresh) { refresh = mapRHCAdItem.Refresh; } if(mapRHCAdItem.Repeat) { parentRHCNode.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-repeat-false'); parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-repeat-true'); } else { parentRHCNode.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-repeat-true'); parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-repeat-false'); } if(mapRHCAdItem.Type == 'customcontent'){ //Custom content (RSCCS-540) if(enhAdDebug) console.log('Next RHC config item is custom content'); adjustRHCHeightAndInitialAds(); } else if(mapRHCAdItem.AdUnit){ //Google ad var mapInlineAdItemSlot = googletag.defineSlot(mapRHCAdItem.AdUnit, isDesktopResolution ? mapRHCAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop : mapRHCAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile, slotId); if(mapInlineAdItemSlot) { mapInlineAdItemSlot.defineSizeMapping( googletag.sizeMapping().build() ).setTargeting( 'refresh', (refresh ? 'true' : 'false') ).setTargeting( 'refreshdelayseconds', mapRHCAdItem.RefreshDelaySeconds || (isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultDesktop : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultMobile) ).setCollapseEmptyDiv( EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.CollapseEmptyDivs, false ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); } else { console.warn('SlotRender: Something wrong with RHC ad slot \'' + slotId + '\', size(s) \'' + (isDesktopResolution ? mapRHCAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop : mapRHCAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile).join('x') + '\', path \'' + mapRHCAdItem.AdUnit + '\''); } googletag.display(slotId); } el.classList.add(adRetryCssClass); parentRHCNode.setAttribute('data-index', mapRHCAdItem.Index); if(mapRHCAdItem.ExtraHTML) { var extraHTMLEl = parentRHCNode.querySelector('.story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml'); if(extraHTMLEl) { extraHTMLEl.innerHTML = mapRHCAdItem.ExtraHTML; } } else { var extraHTMLEl = parentRHCNode.querySelector('.story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml'); if(extraHTMLEl) { extraHTMLEl.innerHTML = ''; } } } else { // no slots to add.. finalizeRemainingEmptyRHCSlotContainers(parentRHCNode.classList, false); } } } if(parentInlineNode) { updateInlinePlaceholderClasses(parentInlineNode, event.isEmpty, minHeight); } else { //updateRHCPlaceholderClasses(parentRHCNode, event.isEmpty, minHeight); updateRHCPlaceholderClasses(parentRHCNode, event.isEmpty); } } } initRHCHeightCalc(); } googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRequested', function(event) { var slot = event.slot; var el = d.getElementById(slot.getSlotElementId()); if(el) { var parentInlineNode = getClosestParent(el, '.story-inlinecontent-placeholder'); var parentRHCNode = getClosestParent(el, '.story-rhccontent-placeholder'); if(parentInlineNode || parentRHCNode) { if(parentInlineNode) { parentInlineNode.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad-init'); } else { parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-init'); } } } }); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { var sId = event.slot.getSlotElementId(); if( enhAdDebug && sId.includes('story-rhcad') || sId.includes('story-inlinead') ){ console.log(`%c Slot RENDER END (${sId})`, 'color: #FE2ACA'); console.log(event); //loadOrRender(sId, 'render', event); } slotRender(event); }); if(enhAdDebug){ //Track slot load events googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotOnload', (evLoad) => { var sId = evLoad.slot.getSlotElementId(); if( sId.includes('story-rhcad') || sId.includes('story-inlinead') ){ console.log(`%c Slot LOAD (${ evLoad.slot.getSlotElementId() })`, 'color: #C00;'); console.log(event); //loadOrRender(sId, 'load'); } }); } googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotVisibilityChanged', function(event) { var slot = event.slot; if(slot.getTargeting('refresh').indexOf('true') > -1 && event.inViewPercentage > 0) { var el = d.getElementById(slot.getSlotElementId()); var parentStoryInlineNode = getClosestParent(el, '.ad-story-inline'); var parentStoryRHCNode = getClosestParent(el, '.ad-story-rhc'); if(parentStoryInlineNode || parentStoryRHCNode) { if(parentStoryInlineNode) { var inlineEl = getClosestParent(el, '.story-inlinecontent-placeholder'); if(inlineEl) { if(inlineEl.hasAttribute('data-shouldrefresh')) { var shouldRefresh = inlineEl.getAttribute('data-shouldrefresh'); if(shouldRefresh && shouldRefresh == '1') { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().refresh([slot], { changeCorrelator: false }); }); var classList = parentStoryInlineNode.classList; var cssClassName = 'ad-story-inline-refreshed-'; var cssClassCounter = 1; for(var i = 0, c = parentStoryInlineNode.className.split(' '), iL = c.length; i < iL; i++) { var v = c[i]; if(v.indexOf(cssClassName) != -1) { cssClassCounter = parseInt(v.split(cssClassName).join(''), 10) + 1; classList.remove(v); break; } } classList.add(cssClassName + cssClassCounter); classList.add('ad-story-inline-refreshed'); inlineEl.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '0'); } } } } else { var rhcEl = getClosestParent(el, '.story-rhccontent-placeholder'); if(rhcEl) { if(rhcEl.hasAttribute('data-shouldrefresh')) { var shouldRefresh = rhcEl.getAttribute('data-shouldrefresh'); if(shouldRefresh && shouldRefresh == '1') { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().refresh([slot], { changeCorrelator: false }); }); var classList = parentStoryRHCNode.classList; var cssClassName = 'ad-story-rhc-refreshed-'; var cssClassCounter = 1; for(var i = 0, c = parentStoryRHCNode.className.split(' '), iL = c.length; i < iL; i++) { var v = c[i]; if(v.indexOf(cssClassName) != -1) { cssClassCounter = parseInt(v.split(cssClassName).join(''), 10) + 1; classList.remove(v); break; } } classList.add(cssClassName + cssClassCounter); classList.add('ad-story-rhc-refreshed'); rhcEl.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '0'); } } } } } } }); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('impressionViewable', function(event) { var slot = event.slot; if(slot.getTargeting('refresh').indexOf('true') > -1) { var refreshdelayseconds = slot.getTargeting('refreshdelayseconds').length ? parseInt(slot.getTargeting('refreshdelayseconds')[0], 10) : 0; if(refreshdelayseconds) { setTimeout(function() { var el = d.getElementById(slot.getSlotElementId()); var parentStoryInlineNode = getClosestParent(el, '.ad-story-inline'); var parentStoryRHCNode = getClosestParent(el, '.ad-story-rhc'); if(parentStoryInlineNode) { var inlineEl = getClosestParent(el, '.story-inlinecontent-placeholder'); if(inlineEl) { if(inlineEl.classList.contains('item-in-viewport')) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().refresh([slot], { changeCorrelator: false }); }); var classList = parentStoryInlineNode.classList; var cssClassName = 'ad-story-inline-refreshed-'; var cssClassCounter = 1; for(var i = 0, c = parentStoryInlineNode.className.split(' '), iL = c.length; i < iL; i++) { var v = c[i]; if(v.indexOf(cssClassName) != -1) { cssClassCounter = parseInt(v.split(cssClassName).join(''), 10) + 1; classList.remove(v); break; } } classList.add(cssClassName + cssClassCounter); inlineEl.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '0'); } else { inlineEl.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '1'); } } } else if(parentStoryRHCNode) { var rhcEl = getClosestParent(el, '.story-rhccontent-placeholder'); if(rhcEl) { if(rhcEl.classList.contains('item-in-viewport')) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().refresh([slot], { changeCorrelator: false }); }); var classList = parentStoryRHCNode.classList; var cssClassName = 'ad-story-rhc-refreshed-'; var cssClassCounter = 1; for(var i = 0, c = parentStoryRHCNode.className.split(' '), iL = c.length; i < iL; i++) { var v = c[i]; if(v.indexOf(cssClassName) != -1) { cssClassCounter = parseInt(v.split(cssClassName).join(''), 10) + 1; classList.remove(v); break; } } classList.add(cssClassName + cssClassCounter); rhcEl.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '0'); } else { rhcEl.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '1'); } } } }, refreshdelayseconds * 1000); } else { console.log('Ad refresh delay in seconds is incorrect (slot: ' + slot.getSlotElementId() + '): ', refreshdelayseconds); } } }); }); function isBoolean(n) { return !!n === n; } function isNumber(n) { return +n === n; } function isString(n) { return '' + n === n; } function isNumberPositive(n) { return +n === n && n > 0; } function isNumberPositiveOrZero(n) { return +n === n && n >= 0; } function isArrayOfArrays(a) { return a.every(function(x) { return Array.isArray(x); }); } function getAbsoluteHeight(element) { if(!element) return 0; var styles = w.getComputedStyle(element); var margin = parseFloat(styles['margin-top']) + parseFloat(styles['margin-bottom']); var minHeight = element.clientHeight; return Math.ceil(minHeight ? minHeight + margin : element.offsetHeight + margin); } function updateRHCContainerState() { var classList = d.body.classList; if(!d.querySelectorAll('#rhcreflow-extra .story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed').length) { d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-rhc-empty'); } else { d.body.classList.remove('enhanced-advertising-rhc-empty'); } } function insertRHCSlot(el) { if(el) { el.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing'); } if(el && storyRHCContent.some(function(e) { return e.Used == false; })) { var classList = el.classList; var placeholder = el.querySelector('[data-id]'); var tempFilteredRHCAds = storyRHCContent; if(placeholder) { var elemsIndexes = d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed[data-index]'); var slotIndex = elemsIndexes.length ? parseInt(elemsIndexes[elemsIndexes.length - 1].getAttribute('data-index'), 10) : -1; tempFilteredRHCAds = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return slotIndex < e.Index && e.Used == false; }); if(!tempFilteredRHCAds.length) { tempFilteredRHCAds = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && slotIndex < e.Index && e.Repeat == true; }); } if(!tempFilteredRHCAds.length) { tempFilteredRHCAds = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && e.Repeat == true; }); } if(!tempFilteredRHCAds.length) { finalizeRemainingEmptyRHCSlotContainers(classList, false); return; } var mapRHCAdItem = tempFilteredRHCAds[0]; classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-init'); classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed'); if(mapRHCAdItem.CSSClass) { mapRHCAdItem.CSSClass.split(' ').forEach(function(elem) { if(elem) { classList.add(elem); } }); } if(mapRHCAdItem.Type == 'gamadvert') { if(placeholder) { var refresh = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Refresh; el.setAttribute('data-storycustomcontent', '0'); if(mapRHCAdItem.Sticky) { classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-canbesticky'); placeholder.classList.add('sticky'); } if(mapRHCAdItem.NoBackfill) { el.setAttribute('data-nobackfill', '1'); } else { el.setAttribute('data-nobackfill', '0'); } if(mapRHCAdItem.Refresh) { refresh = mapRHCAdItem.Refresh; } var mapRHCAdItemSlot = googletag.defineSlot(mapRHCAdItem.AdUnit, mapRHCAdItem.AdUnitSizesRHC, 'story-rhcad-' + rhcAdCounter); if(mapRHCAdItemSlot) { mapRHCAdItemSlot.defineSizeMapping(googletag.sizeMapping().build()).setTargeting('refresh', (refresh ? 'true' : 'false')).setTargeting('refreshdelayseconds', mapRHCAdItem.RefreshDelaySeconds || (isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultDesktop : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultMobile)).setCollapseEmptyDiv(EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.CollapseEmptyDivs, false).addService(googletag.pubads()); } else { console.warn('Something wrong with rhc ad slot \'' + 'story-rhcad-' + rhcAdCounter + '\', size(s) \'' + mapRHCAdItem.AdUnitSizesRHC.join('x') + '\', path \'' + mapRHCAdItem.AdUnit + '\''); } if(refresh) { el.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '0'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-refresh-true'); } else { classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-refresh-false'); } classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad'); placeholder.id = 'story-rhcad-' + rhcAdCounter; placeholder.outerHTML = '<div class="story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml">' + mapRHCAdItem.ExtraHTML + '</div>' + placeholder.outerHTML; el.setAttribute('data-slot', mapRHCAdItem.AdUnit); googletag.display('story-rhcad-' + rhcAdCounter); $(w).trigger("wvcfe:storyrhcaditeminit", [$(el), $(placeholder), mapRHCAdItem, rhcAdCounter, rhcCounter, false, 'rhc', mapRHCAdItem.Type]); if(mapRHCAdItem.CustomEventName) { $(w).trigger(mapRHCAdItem.CustomEventName, [el, placeholder, mapRHCAdItem, rhcAdCounter, rhcCounter, false, 'rhc', mapRHCAdItem.Type]); } if(mapRHCAdItem.Javascript) { if(typeof mapRHCAdItem.Javascript === 'function') { mapRHCAdItem.Javascript.call(this, el, placeholder, mapRHCAdItem, rhcAdCounter, rhcCounter, false, 'rhc', mapRHCAdItem.Type); } } rhcAdCounter++; } } else if(mapRHCAdItem.Type == 'customcontent') { el.setAttribute('data-storycustomcontent', '1'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-customcontent'); if(placeholder) { placeholder.innerHTML = mapRHCAdItem.HTML; classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-notempty'); $(w).trigger("wvcfe:storyrhcitemajaxinit", [$(el), $(placeholder), mapRHCAdItem, rhcCounter, false, 'rhc', mapRHCAdItem.Type]); if(mapRHCAdItem.CustomEventName) { $(w).trigger(mapRHCAdItem.CustomEventName, [$(el), $(placeholder), mapRHCAdItem, rhcCounter, false, 'rhc', mapRHCAdItem.Type]); } if(mapRHCAdItem.Javascript) { if(typeof mapRHCAdItem.Javascript === 'function') { mapRHCAdItem.Javascript.call(this, el, placeholder, mapRHCAdItem, rhcCounter, false, 'rhc', mapRHCAdItem.Type); } } el.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-finished'); } } el.setAttribute('data-index', mapRHCAdItem.Index); rhcCounter++; } else { console.log('Missing placeholder: [data-id="story-rhc-item-' + rhcCounter + '"]'); } } else if(el) { // All slots are used, mark current slot placeholder and the rest ones as completed and used var classList = el.classList; finalizeRemainingEmptyRHCSlotContainers(classList, false); } else { console.log('Missing RHC element'); } } function insertInlineSlot(el) { if(el) { el.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-processing'); } if(el && storyInlineContent.some(function(e) { return e.Used == false; })) { var classList = el.classList; var placeholder = el.querySelector('[data-id]'); var tempFilteredInlineAds = storyInlineContent; if(placeholder) { var elemsIndexes = d.querySelectorAll('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-completed[data-index]'); var slotIndex = elemsIndexes.length ? parseInt(elemsIndexes[elemsIndexes.length - 1].getAttribute('data-index'), 10) : -1; tempFilteredInlineAds = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e){ return slotIndex < e.Index && e.Used == false; }); if(!tempFilteredInlineAds.length) { tempFilteredInlineAds = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && slotIndex < e.Index && e.Repeat == true; }); if(!tempFilteredInlineAds.length) { // start from the first repeatable ad index tempFilteredInlineAds = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && e.Repeat == true; }); if(!tempFilteredInlineAds.length) { finalizeRemainingEmptyInlineSlotContainers(classList, true); return; } } } var mapInlineAdItem = tempFilteredInlineAds[0]; classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init'); classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-processing'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-completed'); if(mapInlineAdItem.CSSClass) { mapInlineAdItem.CSSClass.split(' ').forEach(function(elem) { if(elem) { classList.add(elem); } }); } if(mapInlineAdItem.Type == 'gamadvert') { var refresh = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Refresh; el.setAttribute('data-storycustomcontent', '0'); el.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad'); if(mapInlineAdItem.Sticky) { classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-sticky'); placeholder.classList.add('sticky'); } if(mapInlineAdItem.NoBackfill) { el.setAttribute('data-nobackfill', '1'); } else { el.setAttribute('data-nobackfill', '0'); } if(mapInlineAdItem.Repeat) { classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-repeat-true'); } else { classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-repeat-false'); } if(mapInlineAdItem.Refresh) { refresh = mapInlineAdItem.Refresh; } var mapInlineAdItemSlot = googletag.defineSlot(mapInlineAdItem.AdUnit, isDesktopResolution ? mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop : mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile, 'story-inlinead-' + inlineAdCounter); if(mapInlineAdItemSlot) { mapInlineAdItemSlot.defineSizeMapping(googletag.sizeMapping().build()).setTargeting('refresh', (refresh ? 'true' : 'false')).setTargeting('refreshdelayseconds', mapInlineAdItem.RefreshDelaySeconds || (isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultDesktop : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultMobile)).setCollapseEmptyDiv(EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.CollapseEmptyDivs, false).addService(googletag.pubads()); } else { console.warn('Something wrong with inline ad slot \'' + 'story-inlinead-' + inlineAdCounter + '\', size(s) \'' + (isDesktopResolution ? mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop : mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile).join('x') + '\', path \'' + mapInlineAdItem.AdUnit + '\''); } if(refresh) { el.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '0'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-refresh-true'); } else { classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-refresh-false'); } placeholder.id = 'story-inlinead-' + inlineAdCounter; placeholder.outerHTML = '<div class="story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml">' + mapInlineAdItem.ExtraHTML + '</div>' + placeholder.outerHTML; el.setAttribute('data-slot', mapInlineAdItem.AdUnit); googletag.display('story-inlinead-' + inlineAdCounter); $(w).trigger("wvcfe:storyinlineaditeminit", [$(el), $(placeholder), mapInlineAdItem, inlineAdCounter, inlineCounter, false, 'inline', mapInlineAdItem.Type]); if(mapInlineAdItem.CustomEventName) { $(w).trigger(mapInlineAdItem.CustomEventName, [el, placeholder, mapInlineAdItem, inlineAdCounter, inlineCounter, false, 'inline', mapInlineAdItem.Type]); } if(mapInlineAdItem.Javascript) { if(typeof mapInlineAdItem.Javascript === 'function') { mapInlineAdItem.Javascript.call(this, el, placeholder, mapInlineAdItem, inlineAdCounter, inlineCounter, false, 'inline', mapInlineAdItem.Type); } } inlineAdCounter++; } else if(mapInlineAdItem.Type == 'customcontent') { el.setAttribute('data-storycustomcontent', '1'); el.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-customcontent'); placeholder.innerHTML = mapInlineAdItem.HTML; $(w).trigger("wvcfe:storyinlineitemajaxinit", [$(el), $(placeholder), mapInlineAdItem, inlineCounter, false, 'inline', mapInlineAdItem.Type]); if(mapInlineAdItem.CustomEventName) { $(w).trigger(mapInlineAdItem.CustomEventName, [$(el), $(placeholder), mapInlineAdItem, inlineCounter, false, 'inline', mapInlineAdItem.Type]); } if(mapInlineAdItem.Javascript) { if(typeof mapInlineAdItem.Javascript === 'function') { mapInlineAdItem.Javascript.call(this, el, placeholder, mapInlineAdItem, inlineCounter, false, 'inline', mapInlineAdItem.Type.toLowerCase()); } } el.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-finished'); var inlineCustomEvent = { dataId: (mapInlineAdItem.Index+1), slot: { getSlotElementId: function(){ return 'custom-inline'; }, getAdUnitPath: function(){return 'custom-inline'} }, isEmpty: false, size:[0,0] }; el.setAttribute('data-index', mapInlineAdItem.Index); slotRender(inlineCustomEvent); //$(w).trigger('abacus:inlinecontentrender', inlineCustomEvent); } el.setAttribute('data-index', mapInlineAdItem.Index); //el.setAttribute('data-index', inlineCounter); inlineCounter++; } else { console.log('Missing placeholder: [data-id="story-inline-item-' + inlineCounter + '"]'); } } else if(el) { // All slots are used, mark current slot placeholder and the rest ones as completed and used var classList = el.classList; finalizeRemainingEmptyInlineSlotContainers(classList, true); } else { console.log('Missing inline element'); } } function finalizeRemainingEmptyRHCSlotContainers(classList, processremaining) { classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-init'); classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-runoutofslots'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-finished'); if(processremaining) { for(var i = 0, elems = d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing)'), iL = elems.length; i < iL; i++) { var e = elems[i]; if(e) { var c = e.classList; c.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-init'); c.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed'); c.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty'); c.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-runoutofslots'); c.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-finished'); } } } } function finalizeRemainingEmptyInlineSlotContainers(classList, processremaining) { classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init'); classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-processing'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-completed'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isempty'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-runoutofslots'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-finished'); if(processremaining) { for(var i = 0, elems = d.querySelectorAll('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-processing)'), iL = elems.length; i < iL; i++) { var e = elems[i]; if(e) { var c = e.classList; c.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init'); c.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-completed'); c.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isempty'); c.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-runoutofslots'); c.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-finished'); } } } } function updateInlinePlaceholderClasses(node, status, minHeight) { node.classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isempty'); node.classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-notempty'); node.classList.add((status ? 'story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isempty' : 'story-inlinecontent-placeholder-notempty')); node.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad-completed'); if(!status) { var computedMinHeightValue = w.getComputedStyle(node).minHeight || 0; var computedMinHeight = parseInt(computedMinHeightValue, 10); if(minHeight > computedMinHeight) { node.style.minHeight = minHeight + 'px'; } } } function updateRHCPlaceholderClasses(node, status) { node.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-init'); node.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty'); node.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-notempty'); node.classList.add((status ? 'story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty' : 'story-rhccontent-placeholder-notempty')); node.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-completed'); } function initRHCHeightCalc() { updateRHCFirstandLastItemStyles(); // readjust height if no in progress/loading ads as the height might change on storytext or RHC if(!d.querySelectorAll('#rhcreflow-extra .story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed.story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-init').length) { readjusRHCHeight(); } else { setTimeout(function() { initRHCHeightCalc(); }, 0); } } function isInViewport(element) { var rect = element.getBoundingClientRect(); var height = w.innerHeight || d.documentElement.clientHeight; var width = w.innerWidth || d.documentElement.clientWidth; return ( rect.right >= 0 && rect.bottom >= 0 && rect.left <= width && rect.top <= height ); } function processElementsInViewport() { var adsInlinePlaceholders = d.querySelectorAll('.storytext .story-inlinecontent-placeholder'); //PWVD-893 : change from rhccontent var adsRHCPlaceholders = d.querySelectorAll('#rhcreflow-extra .story-rhccontent-placeholder'); if(adsInlinePlaceholders || adsRHCPlaceholders) { if(adsInlinePlaceholders) { adsInlinePlaceholders.forEach(function(el) { var classList = el.classList; if(!isInViewport(el)) { classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isinviewport'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isnotinviewport'); } else { classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isnotinviewport'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isinviewport'); } }); } else { adsRHCPlaceholders.forEach(function(el) { var classList = el.classList; if(!isInViewport(el)) { classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isinviewport'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isnotinviewport'); } else { classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isnotinviewport'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isinviewport'); } }); } } } function adjustRHCHeightAndInitialAds() { var output = []; var googletag = w.googletag || {}; var rhcreflowExtra = d.querySelector('#rhcreflow-extra'); if(rhcreflowExtra) { rhcreflowExtra.innerHTML = ''; minRHCSlotsToFitIn = (minRHCSlots > 0 ? minRHCSlots : 2); maxRHCSlotsToFitIn = (maxRHCSlots > 0 ? maxRHCSlots : 0); for(var i = 0, iL = Math.max(storyRHCContent.length, maxRHCSlotsToFitIn); i < iL; i++) { rhcCounter = i + 1; output.push("<div class=\"story-rhccontent-placeholder story-rhccontent-placeholder-init item-notin-viewport\" data-storyrhccontainer=\"" + rhcCounter + "\"><div class=\"story-rhccontent-placeholder-inner\" data-id=\"story-rhc-item-" + rhcCounter + "\" data-storyrhcitem=\"" + rhcCounter + "\"></div></div>"); if(rhcCounter >= maxRHCSlotsToFitIn) break; } d.querySelector('#rhcreflow-extra').innerHTML = output.join(''); if('IntersectionObserver' in w && 'IntersectionObserverEntry' in w && 'intersectionRatio' in w.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype) { d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-init').forEach(function(el) { if(el) { observer = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries) { return observerCallback(entries); }, { root: null, rootMargin: "50px 0px 50px 0px", threshold: [0, 0.01, 0.99, 1] }); observer.observe(el); } }); var observerCallback = function(entries) { return entries.forEach(function(entry, i) { if(entry.isIntersecting) { entry.target.classList.remove('item-notin-viewport'); entry.target.classList.add('item-in-viewport'); } else { entry.target.classList.remove('item-in-viewport'); entry.target.classList.add('item-notin-viewport'); } }); } } googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; googletag.cmd.push(function() { var rhcEl = d.querySelector('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing)'); var hasAnyRHCLoadedBefore = d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed'); if(rhcEl && !hasAnyRHCLoadedBefore.length) { insertRHCSlot(rhcEl); d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-rhc-init'); } }); updateRHCContainerState(); } } function isStoryTextTallerThanRHC() { var calcHeight = 0; if(w.matchMedia("screen and (min-width: 1023px)").matches && !d.body.classList.contains('story-full-layout')) { var h = 0, colmain = d.getElementById('colmain').clientHeight; d.querySelectorAll('#rightcolumn_sleeve > *:not(#rhcreflow-extra)').forEach(function(item) { h = getAbsoluteHeight(item); item.setAttribute('data-height', h); calcHeight += h; }); d.querySelectorAll('#rhcreflow-extra > *').forEach(function(item) { h = getAbsoluteHeight(item); item.setAttribute('data-height', h); calcHeight += h; }); return { "canAdd": colmain > calcHeight, "delta": colmain - calcHeight }; } else { return { "canAdd": false, "delta": 0 }; } } function canAddRHCItem() { // check whether inline and RHC ads finished loading, otherwise ignore var storyRHCSlotHeight = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert; var calcHeight = 0; if(w.matchMedia("screen and (min-width: 1023px)").matches && !d.body.classList.contains('story-full-layout')) { var h = 0, innerChild = 0; d.querySelectorAll('#rightcolumn_sleeve > *:not(#rhcreflow-extra)').forEach(function(item) { h = getAbsoluteHeight(item); item.setAttribute('data-height', h); calcHeight += h; }); d.querySelectorAll('#rhcreflow-extra > *').forEach(function(item) { //innerChild = (item || item.querySelector('.story-rhccontent-placeholder-inner') || item.firstChild); //h = getAbsoluteHeight(innerChild); //if (h == 0) { // h = getAbsoluteHeight(item); //} h = getAbsoluteHeight(item); item.setAttribute('data-height', h); calcHeight += h; }); var result = { "canAddRHCItem": d.getElementById('colmain').clientHeight > calcHeight + storyRHCSlotHeight, "colmainTaller": d.getElementById('colmain').clientHeight > calcHeight }; return result; } else { return { "canAddRHCItem": false, "colmainTaller": false }; } } function readjusRHCHeight() { if(w.matchMedia("screen and (min-width: 1023px)").matches && !d.body.classList.contains('story-full-layout')) { d.getElementById('rightcolumn_sleeve').style.minHeight = d.getElementById('colmain').clientHeight + 'px'; } var elemsIndexes = d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed[data-index]'); var slotIndex = elemsIndexes.length ? parseInt(elemsIndexes[elemsIndexes.length - 1].getAttribute('data-index'), 10) : -1; var rhcEl = d.querySelector('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing)'); var canAdd = canAddRHCItem(); var hasInsertIfNoRHCSpace = storyRHCContent.some(function(e) { return e.InsertIfNoRHCSpace == true && e.Used == false && e.Index > slotIndex; }); if(!rhcEl || (!canAdd.canAddRHCItem && !hasInsertIfNoRHCSpace && !d.querySelectorAll('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-inlinecontent-processing)').length)) { d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-rhc-completed'); } else { d.body.classList.remove('enhanced-advertising-rhc-completed'); } //var rhcElementsInitialised = d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed:not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-init):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-finished)'); var rhcElementsInitialised = d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed:not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-init):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-finished):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty)'); 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class="storyPrimaryNav"><a href="https://www.railwaygazette.com/sponsored-content">Sponsored content</a></div> <div class="story_title"><h1>Why do you need to prepare NOW for FRMCS?</h1></div><p class="byline meta">Sponsored by <span class="author"><a href="https://www.railwaygazette.com/nokia/1037.bio" rel="author">Nokia</a></span><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{"publishdate": "2024-06-24T08:29:00","format": "D MMMM YYYY"}">2024-06-24T08:29:00+01:00</span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="columns" class="container"> <div id="colwrapper" class="inner-sleeve"> <div id="colmain" role="main" class="restrictedcontent"> <div id="content"> <div id="content_sleeve"> <div class="contentWrapper"> <div class="storyContentWrapper"> <div class="pageOptions"> <ul><!-- <li> <a data-facebook-share="true" data-share-url='https://www.railwaygazette.com/sponsored-content/why-do-you-need-to-prepare-now-for-frmcs/66763.article' data-share-title="Why do you need to prepare NOW for FRMCS?" 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<li><a href="mailto:?subject=Why do you need to prepare NOW for FRMCS?&body=https://www.railwaygazette.com/sponsored-content/why-do-you-need-to-prepare-now-for-frmcs/66763.article" class="email" title="Email this article"></a></li> </ul> <ul class="pageOptions_right"> <li class=" last" aria-live="polite" data-cache-bust="true" data-ajax-load-content="" data-url="/66763/bookmark"> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="articleWrapper"> <div class="articleContent"> <div class="standfirst"><p>Railways face a series of increasingly urgent challenges in migrating away from GSM-R telecoms technology. As <strong>Benoît Leridon</strong> of Nokia explains, a critical aspect of this shift will be understanding the investment required to develop a telecoms backbone that is future ready for the 5G era.</p></div><div class="storytext"><p>‘The railways are going through a huge transition, from 2G to 5G technology. We all know this’, says Benoît Leridon, Head of the Transportation Business for Network Infrastructure at Nokia. This transition is largely represented by the shift from GSM-R technology as a bearer network to 5G under the emerging FRMCS standards.</p> <div class="inline_image fullsize image_size_small inline_image_left" data-attachment="65788" data-sequence="2"><button class="show-fullscreen" data-url="/attachment?attype=P&atcode=65788&storycode=66763">Show Fullscreen</button> <p class="picture"><img alt="benoit-leridon-2024" src="https://d1c4d7gnm6as1q.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280xAny/7/8/8/65788_benoitleridon2024_188076.jpg" srcset="https://d1c4d7gnm6as1q.cloudfront.net/Pictures/280xAny/7/8/8/65788_benoitleridon2024_188076.jpg 280w" loading="eager" class="lazyloaded" width="400" height="400"></p> <div class="inline_meta"><p class="inline_caption">Benoît Leridon, Head of the Transportation Business for Network Infrastructure at Nokia</p></div></div> <p>Yet Leridon argues that simply viewing the market in terms of the migration to FRMCS and the management of GSM-R transition masks a myriad of complexity in terms of this journey. For example, even within the GSM-R question, there are significant implications for railways and infrastructure managers relating to how they invest and modernise their telecoms network fixed backbone before they consider a longer term migration to 4G or 5G protocols.</p> <p>‘GSM-R over MPLS has been around for 10 years or more’, Leridon explains, ‘but only a few railways we see have migrated across to it.’ Many of Nokia’s customers, he reports, have stuck with SDH technology in their backbone networks, which is starting to pose a problem in access to spare parts and finding engineers qualified to maintain it.</p> <p>Meanwhile, Leridon says that even those network managers which have integrated GSM-R will still need to think about enhancing their backbone networks to incorporate ‘more density, more cell sites, which means probably a broader backbone to moving from, for example, 600 radio sites to perhaps 1 000’.</p> <p>Significant change is also coming to data centre architecture, he predicts. While 2G standards could be maintained using a core hosted on physical servers, the future FRMCS capability will need to be fully functional in a cloud environment.</p> <p>Leridon says these trends are not new, since they have emerged in the rest of the telecoms market over the past few years, but they are issues that rail customers will have to address over the next decade or so if the FRMCS migration is to succeed.</p> <p>‘The 5G core in FRMCS will be provided as a full cloudified application, which means a lot of changes in the data centre in conjunction with provision of end-to-end dynamic communication with the backbone’, he explains. ‘This means a tighter integration between the data centre and the backbone. Today, this applies to communications service providers, and it will need to apply to rail customers too.’</p> <p><strong>Deploy your own network</strong></p> <p>Leridon believes that many of the larger railways around the world will need to deploy their own IP networks if they are to achieve the performance and reliability goals required for using 5G for rail applications such as train control, SCADA and CCTV.</p> <p>There will be some functionality aspects to understand here, he adds, especially if the IP network has an optical layer. Under 5G, networks will need synchronisation to ensure hand over at fast speed, ‘and this is coming at the IP and optical layers’, Leridon says. ‘So if you’ve got an optical layer that will be the underlay of your IP network, it needs to be also providing this clocking function.’</p> <p><strong>Cybersecurity in focus</strong></p> <p>Future evolution of the telecoms backbone will place a greater focus than ever on cybersecurity, Leridon believes. This is understandable, given the aspiration of many rail operators to move to digital signalling such as ETCS, and some are keen to deploy Automatic Train Operation on top of this.</p> <p>‘We can provide all the necessary security for these applications today already’, he says, but the industry expects to see a further regulatory push in this field in the years to come. ‘The network infrastructure will need to be a greater area of focus, not just the application layer. There is standardised 5G encryption to protect the core of the radio network under an FRMCS scenario, but the issue for railways is that 5G will also bring a host of other networked services which will not necessarily use the same 5G networks. These other services will need their own equivalent layer of encryption — even two years ago this was not being specified at the tendering stage, but now it is a non-negotiable.’</p> <p><strong>No slicing yet</strong></p> <p>Looking further ahead, Leridon is sceptical about how quickly rail customers will be able to exploit emerging data transfer approaches such as Dynamic Transport Slicing. In theory, this enables network capacity to be ‘sliced’ and allocated to specific data transfer applications, but this brings ‘a lot of complexity and a very high bandwidth requirement’. As a result, he says, even communications service providers are only tentatively starting to test the approach.</p> <p>‘We generally see customers waiting five years after technology is being used in the service provider network before they use it on the railway’, he adds. A further complication arises from the spectrum allocation issue facing railways — ‘FRMCS will not provide a huge amount more bandwidth for railways, at least in Europe, with the currently allocated bandwidth. Therefore, this spectrum will be limited to the critical comms applications and will not benefit from slicing, because it will use the same spectrum as GSM-R.’</p> <p>However, Leridon explains that rail customers already know how to manage the service level agreements for the different needs of their applications under legacy technology like GSM-R. ‘On the physical asset side, they have to essentially manage a set of routers, and you know what kind of latency value you can accept for an ATO application compared to, for example, a CCTV one.’</p> <p>With 5G, there is more complexity, not least because far more vendors of the subsystems will be involved in the market. ‘The dynamic orchestration of all these applications to permit advances like slicing will be sufficiently complex, involving multiple suppliers, that it could take years to come to fruition in rail’, Leridon says.</p> <p><strong>Game over for GSM-R</strong></p> <p>Leridon believes that GSM-R will have to remain in use until at least 2035. ‘The issue now is that the telecoms backbone for railways in many major markets is still using SDH. This is a major problem’, he says, given that spares are increasingly only available on the ‘grey market’, and in any case telecoms engineers today ‘would rather work for Google than train on SDH equipment’.</p> <p>As a result, railways will be faced with a number of choices about how to manage this difficult transition. ‘It’s a really hot topic for railways now’, he emphasises. Two clear strategies could be available to overcome the crunch: the first is for railways to develop a new telecoms backbone and embed GSM-R into it, creating what would in essence be a ‘pre-FRMCS’ backhaul network. The other is to adopt an interim networking architecture like OTN, which would serve as a temporary ‘bridge’. However, Leridon says that the latter option could be a risk ‘if you end up buying 1 000 OTN nodes and a few years later, you’re throwing them in the bin’.</p> <p>He emphasises that the situation is becoming critical. ‘Even a couple of years ago, I think railways thought they could survive with GSM-R for another few years. Now that is no longer the case — the situation is urgent. They have to do something, because we are approaching game over for GSM-R — even if it will remain in use for perhaps another 10 years.’</p> <p><em>Benoît Leridon is Head of the Transportation Business, Network Infrastructure, at Nokia. He was talking to Nick Kingsley, Executive Editor at Railway Gazette Group.</em></p></div><div id="storytext-end" class="storytext-end"></div> </div> </div> <div class="htmlContent"> </div> </div> <div class="topics"><div class="sleeve"><span class="topicsLabel"></span><h2>Topics</h2><ul class="topicsList"><li><a href="/sponsored-content/283.subject">Sponsored content</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="pageOptions"> <ul><!-- <li> <a data-facebook-share="true" data-share-url='https://www.railwaygazette.com/sponsored-content/why-do-you-need-to-prepare-now-for-frmcs/66763.article' data-share-title="Why do you need to prepare NOW for FRMCS?" href="javascript:void(0)" class="facebook" title="Share this on Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> </li> <li> <a data-twitter-share="true" data-share-url='https://www.railwaygazette.com/sponsored-content/why-do-you-need-to-prepare-now-for-frmcs/66763.article' data-share-title="Why do you need to prepare NOW for FRMCS?" href="javascript:void(0)" class="twitter" title="Share this on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> </li> <li> <a data-linkedin-share="true" data-share-url='https://www.railwaygazette.com/sponsored-content/why-do-you-need-to-prepare-now-for-frmcs/66763.article' data-share-title="Why do you need to prepare NOW for FRMCS?" href="javascript:void(0)" class="linkedin" title="Share this on Linked in" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> </li> <li> <a data-whatsapp-share="true" data-share-url='https://www.railwaygazette.com/sponsored-content/why-do-you-need-to-prepare-now-for-frmcs/66763.article' data-share-title="Why do you need to prepare NOW for FRMCS?" href="javascript:void(0)" class="whatsapp" title="Share this on Whatsapp" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> </li> --> <!--facebook--> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3a%2f%2fwww.railwaygazette.com%2fsponsored-content%2fwhy-do-you-need-to-prepare-now-for-frmcs%2f66763.article&e=Why+do+you+need+to+prepare+NOW+for+FRMCS%3f" class="facebook" title="Share this on Facebook" target="_blank"></a> </li> <!-- twitter--> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Why+do+you+need+to+prepare+NOW+for+FRMCS%3f&url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.railwaygazette.com%2fsponsored-content%2fwhy-do-you-need-to-prepare-now-for-frmcs%2f66763.article" class="twitter" title="Share this on Twitter" target="_blank"></a> </li> <!--linked in--> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/cws/share?url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.railwaygazette.com%2fsponsored-content%2fwhy-do-you-need-to-prepare-now-for-frmcs%2f66763.article" class="linkedin" title="Share this on Linked in" target="_blank"></a> </li> <li><a href="mailto:?subject=Why do you need to prepare NOW for FRMCS?&body=https://www.railwaygazette.com/sponsored-content/why-do-you-need-to-prepare-now-for-frmcs/66763.article" class="email" title="Email this article"></a></li> </ul> <ul class="pageOptions_right"> <li class=" last" aria-live="polite" data-cache-bust="true" data-ajax-load-content="" data-url="/66763/bookmark"> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="rightcolumn" class="fixedrightcolumn rightcolumn restrictedcontent"> <div id="rightcolumn_sleeve"> <!-- BELOW NOT SUPPORT Instructions for implementation depending on right or bottom. 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