Ultra-low bitrate video conferencing using deep image animation

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class="col-md-3"> <div class="paper-impl-cell"> <span class=" icon-wrapper icon-ion" data-name="star"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="512" height="512" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M394 480a16 16 0 0 1-9.39-3L256 383.76 127.39 477a16 16 0 0 1-24.55-18.08L153 310.35 23 221.2a16 16 0 0 1 9-29.2h160.38l48.4-148.95a16 16 0 0 1 30.44 0l48.4 149H480a16 16 0 0 1 9.05 29.2L359 310.35l50.13 148.53A16 16 0 0 1 394 480z"/></svg></span> 6 </div> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <div class="paper-impl-cell"> <img class="" src="https://production-assets.paperswithcode.com/perf/images/frameworks/pytorch-2fbf2cb9.png" /> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-2 text-center"> <input type="radio" name="official-pgr-radio" class="official-pgr-input official-pgr-radio radios-version-element" value="2427306" > <input type="checkbox" class="official-pgr-input official-pgr-checkbox checkboxes-version-element" value="2427306" > </div> </div> <div class="radios-version-element"> <hr/> <div class="row align-items-center justify-content-between"> <div class="col-md-5"> <div class="paper-impl-cell"> There is no official implementation </div> </div> <div class="col-md-2 text-center"> <input type="radio" name="official-pgr-radio" value="" class="official-pgr-input official-pgr-radio" checked > </div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="row align-items-center justify-content-between"> <div class="col-md-5"> <div class="paper-impl-cell"> Multiple official implementations </div> </div> <div class="col-md-2 text-center"> <div class="custom-control custom-switch"> <input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="official-pgr-multiple-switch"> <label class="custom-control-label" for="official-pgr-multiple-switch" id="official-pgr-multiple-switch-label"></label> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal fade" id="addRow" role="dialog" 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in the list? <a href="#addTask" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Add a task.</a> </div> <div id="div_id_dataset" class="form-group"> <label for="id_dataset" class=" requiredField"> Dataset:<span class="asteriskField">*</span> </label> <div class=""> <select name="dataset" class="modelselect2 form-control" required id="id_dataset" data-autocomplete-light-language="en" data-autocomplete-light-url="/dataset-autocomplete/" data-autocomplete-light-function="select2"> <option value="" selected>---------</option> </select> </div> </div> <div id="div_id_model_name" class="form-group"> <label for="id_model_name" class=" requiredField"> Model name:<span class="asteriskField">*</span> </label> <div class=""> <input type="text" name="model_name" class="textinput textInput form-control" required id="id_model_name"> </div> </div> <div id="div_id_metric" class="form-group"> <label for="id_metric" class=" requiredField"> Metric name:<span class="asteriskField">*</span> </label> <div 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</div> <div class="form-group"> <div id="div_id_uses_additional_data" class="form-check"> <input type="checkbox" name="uses_additional_data" class="checkboxinput form-check-input" id="id_uses_additional_data"> <label for="id_uses_additional_data" class="form-check-label"> Uses extra training data </label> </div> </div> <div id="div_id_evaluated_on" class="form-group"> <label for="id_evaluated_on" class=""> Data evaluated on </label> <div class=""> <input type="text" name="evaluated_on" value="2020-12-01" autocomplete="off" class="dateinput form-control" id="id_evaluated_on"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary"> Submit </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal fade" id="removeRow" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="removeRowLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="removeRowLabel">Add a new 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href="/task/decoder"> <span class="badge badge-primary">DECODER</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="/task/image-animation"> <span class="badge badge-primary">IMAGE ANIMATION</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="/task/video-compression"> <span class="badge badge-primary">VIDEO COMPRESSION</span> </a> </li> </ul> <form action="" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="KGiqxBgZoHvLEWBHMHUK5nRaRxFV31RUwxzZU1fQIiE50j2gZjJpIt0Q56vQaEIL"> <div id="div_id_task" class="form-group"> <label for="id_task" class=""> Add: </label> <div class=""> <select name="task" class="modelselect2 form-control" id="id_task" data-autocomplete-light-language="en" data-autocomplete-light-url="/task-autocomplete/" data-autocomplete-light-function="select2"> <option value="" selected>---------</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="modal-help-text"> Not in the list?<br/> <a href="#" id="new-task-form-toggle"> <span class=" 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value="3">Computer Vision</option> <option value="9">Graphs</option> <option value="15">Knowledge Base</option> <option value="7">Medical</option> <option value="6">Methodology</option> <option value="5">Miscellaneous</option> <option value="12">Music</option> <option value="4">Natural Language Processing</option> <option value="13">Playing Games</option> <option value="14">Reasoning</option> <option value="16">Robots</option> <option value="10">Speech</option> <option value="8">Time Series</option> </select> </div> </div> <div id="div_id_new_task_parent" class="form-group"> <label for="id_new_task_parent" class=""> Parent task (if any): </label> <div class=""> <select name="new_task_parent" class="modelselect2 form-control" id="id_new_task_parent" data-autocomplete-light-language="en" data-autocomplete-light-url="/task-and-tag-autocomplete/" data-autocomplete-light-function="select2"> <option value="" selected>---------</option> </select> </div> </div> <div id="div_id_new_task_desc" class="form-group"> <label for="id_new_task_desc" class=""> Description: </label> <div class=""> <textarea name="new_task_desc" cols="40" rows="3" class="textarea form-control" id="id_new_task_desc"> </textarea> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary"> Submit </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal fade" id="removeTask" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="removeTaskLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="removeTaskLabel">Remove a task</h5> <button type="button" class="close btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <form action="" method="post"> <div class="modal-body"> <ul class="list-unstyled paper-tasks"> <form action="" method="post"> <li> <a href="/task/decoder"> <span class="badge badge-primary"> <img src="https://production-media.paperswithcode.com/tasks/default.gif"> <span>Decoder</span> </span> </a> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="KGiqxBgZoHvLEWBHMHUK5nRaRxFV31RUwxzZU1fQIiE50j2gZjJpIt0Q56vQaEIL"> <input type="hidden" name="remove_task_pk" value="5579"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger" style="width:2.5em">- </button> </li> </form> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled paper-tasks"> <form action="" method="post"> <li> <a href="/task/image-animation"> <span class="badge badge-primary"> <img src="https://production-media.paperswithcode.com/tasks/default.gif"> <span>Image Animation</span> </span> </a> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="KGiqxBgZoHvLEWBHMHUK5nRaRxFV31RUwxzZU1fQIiE50j2gZjJpIt0Q56vQaEIL"> <input type="hidden" name="remove_task_pk" value="707"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger" style="width:2.5em">- </button> </li> </form> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled paper-tasks"> <form action="" method="post"> <li> <a href="/task/video-compression"> <span class="badge badge-primary"> <img src="https://production-media.paperswithcode.com/thumbnails/task/task-0000000733-7b89a5de.jpg"> <span>Video Compression</span> </span> </a> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="KGiqxBgZoHvLEWBHMHUK5nRaRxFV31RUwxzZU1fQIiE50j2gZjJpIt0Q56vQaEIL"> <input type="hidden" name="remove_task_pk" value="733"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger" style="width:2.5em">- </button> </li> </form> </ul> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal fade" id="addMethod" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="addMethodLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="addMethodLabel">Add a method</h5> <button type="button" class="close btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <form action="" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="KGiqxBgZoHvLEWBHMHUK5nRaRxFV31RUwxzZU1fQIiE50j2gZjJpIt0Q56vQaEIL"> <div id="div_id_method" class="form-group"> <label for="id_method" class=""> Add: </label> <div class=""> <select name="method" class="modelselect2 form-control" id="id_method" data-autocomplete-light-language="en" data-autocomplete-light-url="/method-autocomplete/" data-autocomplete-light-function="select2"> <option value="" selected>---------</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="modal-help-text"> Not in the list?<br/> <a href="#" id="new-method-form-toggle"> <span class=" icon-wrapper icon-ion" data-name="add"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="512" height="512" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="32" d="M256 112v288m144-144H112"/></svg></span> Create a new method</a>. </div> <div id="new-method-form" style="display: none"> <div id="div_id_new_method_name" class="form-group"> <label for="id_new_method_name" class=""> <b>New method name</b> (e.g. ReLU): </label> <div class=""> <input type="text" name="new_method_name" maxlength="200" minlength="2" class="textinput textInput form-control" id="id_new_method_name"> </div> </div> <div id="div_id_new_method_full_name" class="form-group"> <label for="id_new_method_full_name" class=""> <b>New method full name</b> (e.g. Rectified Linear Unit): </label> <div class=""> <input type="text" name="new_method_full_name" maxlength="200" minlength="2" class="textinput textInput form-control" id="id_new_method_full_name"> </div> </div> <div id="div_id_new_method_paper" class="form-group"> <label for="id_new_method_paper" class=""> <b>Paper where method was first introduced</b>: </label> <div class=""> <select name="new_method_paper" class="modelselect2 form-control" id="id_new_method_paper" data-autocomplete-light-language="en" data-autocomplete-light-url="/paper-autocomplete/" data-autocomplete-light-function="select2"> <option value="" selected>---------</option> </select> </div> </div> <div id="div_id_new_method_collection" class="form-group"> <label for="id_new_method_collection" class=""> <b>Method category</b> (e.g. Activation Functions): <i>If no match, add something for now then you can add a new category afterwards.</i> </label> <div class=""> <select name="new_method_collection" class="modelselect2 form-control" id="id_new_method_collection" data-autocomplete-light-language="en" data-autocomplete-light-url="/method-collection-autocomplete/" data-autocomplete-light-function="select2"> <option value="" selected>---------</option> </select> </div> </div> <div id="div_id_new_method_desc" class="form-group"> <label for="id_new_method_desc" class=""> <b>Markdown description</b> (optional; $\LaTeX$ enabled): <i>You can edit this later, so feel free to start with something succinct.</i> </label> <div class=""> <textarea name="new_method_desc" cols="40" rows="10" class="textarea form-control" id="id_new_method_desc"> </textarea> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary"> Submit </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal fade" id="removeMethod" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="removeMethodLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="removeMethodLabel">Remove a method</h5> <button type="button" class="close btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <form action="" method="post"> <div class="modal-body"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal fade" id="badgeModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="badgeModalLabel" aria-hidden="true" > <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg" role="document"> <div class="modal-content modal-badge"> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal fade" id="editDatasets" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="editDatasetsLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="editDatasetsLabel">Edit Datasets</h5> <button type="button" class="close btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <form action="" method="post"> <div class="modal-body paper-page-edit-dataset-modal"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="KGiqxBgZoHvLEWBHMHUK5nRaRxFV31RUwxzZU1fQIiE50j2gZjJpIt0Q56vQaEIL"> <div id="div_id_introduced" class="form-group"> <label for="id_introduced" class=""> Add or remove datasets <b>introduced</b> in this paper: </label> <div class=""> <select name="introduced" data-container-css-class="" data-allow-clear="false" style="width: 100%" class="modelselect2multiple form-control" id="id_introduced" data-autocomplete-light-language="en" data-autocomplete-light-url="/dataset-autocomplete/" data-autocomplete-light-function="select2" multiple> </select><div style="display:none" class="dal-forward-conf" id="dal-forward-conf-for_id_introduced"><script type="text/dal-forward-conf">[{"type": "const", "val": true, "dst": "canonical_only"}, {"type": "const", "val": true, "dst": "disable_create_option"}]</script></div> </div> </div> <div id="div_id_used" class="form-group"> <label for="id_used" class=""> Add or remove other datasets <b>used</b> in this paper: </label> <div class=""> <select name="used" data-container-css-class="" data-allow-clear="false" style="width: 100%" class="modelselect2multiple form-control" id="id_used" data-autocomplete-light-language="en" data-autocomplete-light-url="/dataset-autocomplete/" data-autocomplete-light-function="select2" multiple> <option value="979" selected>VoxCeleb1</option> </select><div style="display:none" class="dal-forward-conf" id="dal-forward-conf-for_id_used"><script type="text/dal-forward-conf">[{"type": "const", "val": true, "dst": "canonical_only"}, {"type": "const", "val": true, "dst": "disable_create_option"}]</script></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: inline-block; padding-bottom: 15px;font-size:14px;"> Paper introduces a new dataset? <div style="padding-top:4px"> <a href="/contribute/dataset/new"> <span class=" icon-wrapper icon-fa icon-fa-solid" data-name="plus-circle"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 514.999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M256 9.998c137 0 248 111 248 248s-111 248-248 248-248-111-248-248 111-248 248-248zm144 276v-56c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-92v-92c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-56c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v92h-92c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v56c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h92v92c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h56c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12v-92h92c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12z"/></svg></span> Add a new dataset here </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" name="edit-datasets"> Save </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </template> <div class="container content content-buffer "> <main> <div class="paper-title"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h1> Ultra-low bitrate video conferencing using deep image animation </h1> <div class="authors"> <p> <span class="author-span">1 Dec 2020</span>  路  <span class="author-span"> <a href="/author/goluck-konuko">Goluck Konuko</a></span>, <span class="author-span"> <a href="/author/giuseppe-valenzise">Giuseppe Valenzise</a></span>, <span class="author-span"> <a href="/author/stephane-lathuiliere-1">St茅phane Lathuili猫re</a></span> <span class="hidden-element">路 </span><button type="button" class="badge-edit" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#loginModal"> <span class=" icon-wrapper icon-fa icon-fa-solid" data-name="edit"><svg viewBox="0 0 576 514.999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M402.6 85.198l90.2 90.2c3.8 3.8 3.8 10 0 13.8l-218.399 218.4-92.8 10.3c-12.4 1.4-22.9-9.1-21.5-21.5l10.3-92.8 218.4-218.4c3.799-3.8 10-3.8 13.799 0zm162-22.9c15.2 15.2 15.2 39.9 0 55.2l-35.4 35.4c-3.8 3.8-10 3.8-13.8 0l-90.2-90.2c-3.8-3.8-3.8-10 0-13.8l35.4-35.4c15.3-15.2 40-15.2 55.2 0zM384 348.198c0-3.2 1.3-6.2 3.5-8.5l40-40c7.6-7.5 20.5-2.2 20.5 8.5v157.8c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48v-352c0-26.5 21.5-48 48-48h285.8c10.7 0 16.1 12.9 8.5 20.5l-40 40c-2.3 2.2-5.3 3.5-8.5 3.5H64v320h320v-101.8z"/></svg></span> <span>Edit social preview</span> </button> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paper-abstract"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <p> In this work we propose a novel deep learning approach for ultra-low bitrate video compression for video conferencing applications. To address the shortcomings of current video compression paradigms when the available bandwidth is extremely limited, we adopt a model-based approach that employs deep neural networks to encode motion information as keypoint displacement and reconstruct the video signal at the decoder side. The overall system is trained in an end-to-end fashion minimizing a reconstruction error on the encoder output. Objective and subjective quality evaluation experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach provides an average bitrate reduction for the same visual quality of more than 80% compared to HEVC. </p> <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.00346v1.pdf" onclick="captureOutboundLink('https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.00346v1.pdf'); return true;" class="badge badge-light "> <span class=" icon-wrapper icon-fa icon-fa-regular" data-name="file-pdf"><svg viewBox="0 0 384 513.795" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M369.9 98.88c9 9 14.1 21.3 14.1 34v332.1c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48v-416c0-26.5 21.5-48 48-48.1h204.1c12.7 0 24.9 5.1 33.9 14.1zm-37.8 30.1L256 52.88v76.1h76.1zM48 464.98h288v-288H232c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24v-104H48v416zm250.2-143.7c10.5 10.5 8 38.7-17.5 38.7-14.8 0-36.9-6.8-55.8-17-21.6 3.6-46 12.7-68.4 20.1-50.1 86.4-79.4 47-76.1 31.2 4-20 31-35.9 51-46.2 10.5-18.4 25.4-50.5 35.4-74.4-7.4-28.6-11.4-51-7-67.1 4.8-17.7 38.4-20.3 42.6 5.9 4.7 15.4-1.5 39.9-5.4 56 8.1 21.3 19.6 35.8 36.8 46.3 17.4-2.2 52.2-5.5 64.4 6.5zm-198.1 77.8c0 .7 11.4-4.7 30.4-35-5.9 5.5-25.299 21.3-30.4 35zm81.6-190.6c-2.5 0-2.6 26.9 1.8 40.8 4.9-8.7 5.6-40.8-1.8-40.8zm-24.4 136.6c15.9-6.1 34-14.9 54.8-19.2-11.199-8.3-21.8-20.4-30.1-35.5-6.7 17.7-15 37.8-24.7 54.7zm131.6-5c3.6-2.4-2.2-10.4-37.3-7.8 32.3 13.8 37.3 7.8 37.3 7.8z"/></svg></span> <span>PDF</span> </a> <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.00346v1" onclick="captureOutboundLink('https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.00346v1'); return true;" class="badge badge-light "> <span class=" icon-wrapper icon-fa icon-fa-regular" data-name="file"><svg viewBox="0 0 384 513.795" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M369.9 98.88c9 9 14.1 21.3 14.1 34v332.1c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48v-416c0-26.5 21.5-48 48-48.1h204.1c12.7 0 24.9 5.1 33.9 14.1zm-37.8 30.1L256 52.88v76.1h76.1zM48 464.98h288v-288H232c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24v-104H48v416z"/></svg></span> <span>Abstract</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> 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