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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikibooks.org/wiki/Vikikitab:Biziml%C9%99_%C9%99laq%C9%99" title="Vikikitab:Bizimlə əlaqə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vikikitab:Bizimlə əlaqə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87:%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97" title="উইকিবই:যোগাযোগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিবই:যোগাযোগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/Viquillibres:Contacte" title="Viquillibres:Contacte – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viquillibres:Contacte" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Kontakt_os" title="Wikibooks:Kontakt os – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wikibooks:Kontakt os" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Chat" title="Wikibooks:Chat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wikibooks:Chat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8:%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ویکیکتاب:تماس با ما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکیکتاب:تماس با ما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95:%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82" title="विकिपुस्तक:हमसे संपर्क करें – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपुस्तक:हमसे संपर्क करें" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikik%C3%B6nyvek/Levelez%C5%91list%C3%A1k" title="Wikikönyvek/Levelezőlisták – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikikönyvek/Levelezőlisták" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Canale_IRC" title="Wikibooks:Canale IRC – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wikibooks:Canale IRC" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Lista_dyskusyjna" title="Wikibooks:Lista dyskusyjna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikibooks:Lista dyskusyjna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Contatos" title="Wikibooks:Contatos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikibooks:Contatos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="วิกิตำรา:ติดต่อเรา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิกิตำรา:ติดต่อเรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="Wikibooks:联络我们 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikibooks:联络我们" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4654783#sitelinks-wikibooks" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Contact_us" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Answers" hreflang="en"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:Contact_us" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" hreflang="en"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wikiquote:Contact_us" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Contact" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage:Contact_us" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wiktionary mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Contact_us" hreflang="en"><span>Wiktionary</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4654783" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div 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If you are new to Wikibooks please visit <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Welcome" title="Wikibooks:Welcome">our welcome page</a> for a quick introduction to the project.</i></dd></dl> <p>Most general discussion takes place on-wiki in the reading rooms. See <b><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room" title="Wikibooks:Reading room">Wikibooks:Reading room</a></b> for an overview of these. </p><p>If your question or comment is about a particular page, then use the <i><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Talk page">Discussion</a></i> link that is displayed when you are viewing that page (it is by default in one of the tabs near the top-left of the page). </p><p>If you are the <i>owner of content</i> that is being used on Wikibooks without your permission, please read our <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Copyrights#Copyright_infringements" title="Wikibooks:Copyrights">copyrights policy</a> for information about how to have the issue resolved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="IRC" data-mw-thread-id="h-IRC"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-IRC"></span>IRC<span data-mw-comment-end="h-IRC"></span></h2><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-IRC","replies":[]}}--></div> <p>Real-time conversation takes place on several <a href="/wiki/Internet_Technologies/IRC" title="Internet Technologies/IRC">IRC</a> channels at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libera_Chat" class="extiw" title="w:Libera Chat">Libera</a>. This is often the fastest way to contact other contributors. Keep in mind that IRC conversations aren't archived. Consider discussing things that need consensus on-wiki so that others can read up on and understand the rationale for decisions made. </p><p>Connect to <tt>irc.libera.net</tt> with your IRC client and <tt>/join</tt> one or more of the channels listed below. If you don't already have one, consider <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irc.libera.net/faq.shtml#nicksetup">registering a nickname</a>. Firefox users can try <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/rt-messaging/chatzilla/">ChatZilla</a>. Wikipedia has a large <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/comparison_of_IRC_clients" class="extiw" title="w:comparison of IRC clients">comparison of IRC clients</a>. If you're behind a proxy or want to connect within any browser, you can use libera's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irc.libera.net/">web chat</a> page. </p><p>Learn more by reading the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Technologies/IRC" title="Internet Technologies/IRC">IRC</a> chapter in our very own <a href="/wiki/Internet_Technologies" title="Internet Technologies">Internet Technologies</a> book. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/wikibooks" class="extiw" title="irc:wikibooks">#wikibooks</a></b> is the main channel.</li> <li><a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/cvn-wb-en" class="extiw" title="irc:cvn-wb-en">#cvn-wb-en</a> reports possible vandalisms in recent changes. If there is no bot in the channel, ask for one at <a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/countervandalism" class="extiw" title="irc:countervandalism">#countervandalism</a>. <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CVN/Bots" class="extiw" title="m:CVN/Bots">CVN/Bots</a> provides help on using counter-vandalism bots.</li> <li><a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/en.wikibooks" class="extiw" title="irc:en.wikibooks">#en.wikibooks on irc.wikimedia.org</a> tracks recent changes.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Related project channels</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/wikimedia" class="extiw" title="irc:wikimedia">#wikimedia</a> is for discussions concerning the Wikimedia Foundation</li> <li><a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/wikimedia-admin" class="extiw" title="irc:wikimedia-admin">#wikimedia-admin</a> is for cross-wiki admin cooperation (private; ask <a href="/wiki/User:Az1568" title="User:Az1568">Az1568</a> for access)</li> <li><a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/wikimedia-tech" class="extiw" title="irc:wikimedia-tech">#wikimedia-tech</a> is for discussing issues with the Wikimedia servers</li> <li><a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/wikimedia-labs" class="extiw" title="irc:wikimedia-labs">#wikimedia-labs</a> is for discussions concerning the <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Labs" class="extiw" title="mw:Wikimedia Labs">Wikimedia Labs</a>.</li> <li><a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/mediawiki" class="extiw" title="irc:mediawiki">#mediawiki</a> is for <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mw:">MediaWiki</a> software development and support.</li> <li><a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/mediawiki-es" class="extiw" title="irc:mediawiki-es">#mediawiki-es</a> is for <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mw:">MediaWiki</a> support in Spanish.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Mailing_Lists" data-mw-thread-id="h-Mailing_Lists"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Mailing_Lists"></span>Mailing Lists<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Mailing_Lists"></span></h2><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Mailing_Lists","replies":[]}}--></div> <p>The Wikimedia Foundation maintains several mailing lists that can be used to discuss the Wikibooks projects and other issues. </p><p>Reporters and others who wish to get in touch with the project are encouraged to send an email to our mailing list. Many people subscribe to the mailing lists who do not check messages on Wikibooks regularly. You must be subscribed to the mailing list if you wish to send emails to it. </p><p>Wikibooks has two mailing lists for general users and administrators. Mailing lists are available in a number of formats: via a web archive, by email, or by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NNTP" class="extiw" title="w:NNTP">NNTP</a> using the mail-to-news gateway <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMANE" class="extiw" title="w:GMANE">GMANE</a>. Mailing list posts are indexed by search engines such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google" class="extiw" title="w:Google">Google</a>. </p><p>Offsite archives of Wikibooks's mailing lists can be found at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmane.org/">GMANE</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marc.theaimsgroup.com">MARC</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/textbook-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:textbook-l">textbook-l</a> (<a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/textbook-l" class="extiw" title="mailarchive:textbook-l">archive</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news://news.gmane.org/gmane.org.wikimedia.textbook">via NNTP</a>) - for discussing Wikibooks in general</li> <li><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikimedia-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:wikimedia-l">wikimedia-l</a> (<a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l" class="extiw" title="mailarchive:wikimedia-l">archive</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news://news.gmane.org.wikimedia.foundation">via NNTP</a>) - for high-traffic discussions concerning the Wikimedia Foundation and all the projects.</li></ul> <p><br/> </p> <dl><dt>Technical mailing lists</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikitech-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:wikitech-l">wikitech-l</a> (<a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l" class="extiw" title="mailarchive:wikitech-l">archive</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news://news.gmane.org/gmane.science.linguistics.wikipedia.technical">via NNTP</a>) - for software development and Wikimedia maintenance</li> <li><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:mediawiki-announce">mediawiki-announce</a> (<a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/mediawiki-announce" class="extiw" title="mailarchive:mediawiki-announce">archive</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news://news.gmane.org.wikimedia.mediawiki.announce">via NNTP</a>) - for low-traffic announcements of new MediaWiki releases and security updates. (read-only)</li> <li><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:mediawiki-l">mediawiki-l</a> (<a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/mediawiki-l" class="extiw" title="mailarchive:mediawiki-l">archive</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news://news.gmane.org.wikimedia.mediawiki">via NNTP</a>) - for announcement and help for people using the software to run other wikis</li></ul> <p><br/> The Wikimedia Foundation operates a number of other mailing lists as well: <a class="external free" href="https://mail.wikipedia.org">http://mail.wikipedia.org</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Email" data-mw-thread-id="h-Email"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Email"></span>Email<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Email"></span></h2><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Email","replies":[]}}--></div> <p>You can send questions, notifications of copyright problems, and other issues to the Textbook-1 mailing list above. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Bug_Reports_and_Feature_Requests" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bug_Reports_and_Feature_Requests"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Bug_Reports_and_Feature_Requests"></span>Bug Reports and Feature Requests<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Bug_Reports_and_Feature_Requests"></span></h2><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Bug_Reports_and_Feature_Requests","replies":[]}}--></div> <p>You should first <a href="https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/query.cgi" class="extiw" title="mediazilla:query.cgi">search existing entries</a> to get started. 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wikibooks editor navigation</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Card_Catalog_Office" title="Wikibooks:Card Catalog Office">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks_Stacks" title="Wikibooks Stacks">Stacks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikibooks_Stacks/Departments" title="Wikibooks Stacks/Departments">Departments</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks_Stacks/Adding_books" title="Wikibooks Stacks/Adding books">Adding books</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Alphabetical_classification" title="Wikibooks:Alphabetical classification">Alphabetical classification</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Featured_books" title="Wikibooks:Featured books">Featured books</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Good_books" title="Wikibooks:Good books">Criteria</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Table_of_Contents" title="Cookbook:Table of Contents">Cookbook</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Cookbook/Help_pages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Cookbook/Help pages (does not exist)">Help pages</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Cookbook/Special_pages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Cookbook/Special pages (does not exist)">Special pages</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikijunior" title="Wikijunior">Wikijunior</a> (<a href="/wiki/Department:Wikijunior" title="Department:Wikijunior">Department</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Computing" title="Department:Computing">Computing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Engineering" title="Department:Engineering">Engineering</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Humanities" title="Department:Humanities">Humanities</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Languages" title="Department:Languages">Languages</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Mathematics" title="Department:Mathematics">Mathematics</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Science" title="Department:Science">Science</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Social_sciences" title="Department:Social sciences">Social sciences</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Standard_curricula" title="Department:Standard curricula">Standard curricula</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Shelf:Help" title="Shelf:Help">Wikibooks and MediaWiki help</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:PDF_versions" title="Wikibooks:PDF versions">PDF versions</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requested_books" title="Wikibooks:Requested books">Requested books</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ" title="Help:FAQ">FAQs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Overview" title="Help:FAQ/Overview">Wikibooks overview</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Readers" title="Help:FAQ/Readers">Readers</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Contributing" title="Help:FAQ/Contributing">Contributing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Editing" title="Help:FAQ/Editing">Editing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Administration" title="Help:FAQ/Administration">Administration</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Problems" title="Help:FAQ/Problems">Problems</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Help:Contents">Help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:Glossary" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Navigating" title="Help:Navigating">Navigating</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pages" title="Help:Pages">Pages (Creating, Namespaces, Discussing, Archiving, Moving, Merging, Deleting)</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Tracking_changes" title="Help:Tracking changes">Tracking changes</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Account_management" title="Help:Account management">Account management</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Contributing" title="Help:Contributing">Contributing (Why and why not contribute? Starting a book)</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Categories" title="Help:Categories">Categories</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Tables" title="Help:Tables">Tables</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Variables" title="Help:Variables">Variables</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Formulas" title="Help:Formulas">Formulas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Quizzes" title="Help:Quizzes">Quizzes</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Local_manuals_of_style" title="Help:Local manuals of style">Local manuals of style</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikijunior:Style_guide" title="Wikijunior:Style guide">Wikijunior</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Collections" title="Help:Collections">Collections</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Importing" title="Help:Importing">Importing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Editnotices" title="Help:Editnotices">Editnotices</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Database_download" title="Help:Database download">Database download</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="Help:Development stages">Development stages</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Dialog" title="Help:Dialog">Dialog</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Assistant" title="Wikibooks:Assistant">Assistant</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Export" title="Help:Export">Export</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Print_versions" title="Help:Print versions">Print versions</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> Help books (<a href="/wiki/Using_Wikibooks" title="Using Wikibooks">Using Wikibooks</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Editing_Wikitext" title="Editing Wikitext">Editing Wikitext</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:Templates" title="Help:Templates">Template help</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates" title="Wikibooks:Templates">Template index</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Book_information" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Book information">Book information</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/General" title="Wikibooks:Templates/General">General</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Sources" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Sources">Sources</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Links" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Links">Links</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Navigation" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Navigation">Navigation</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Files" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Files">Files</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Media" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Media">Media</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Maintenance" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Maintenance">Maintenance</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Licensing_issues_notices" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Licensing issues notices">Licensing issues notices</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Deletion" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Deletion">Deletion</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Stubs" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Stubs">Stubs</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/User_messages" title="Wikibooks:Templates/User messages">User messages</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices" title="Wikibooks:Templates/User notices">User notices</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/User_pages" title="Wikibooks:Templates/User pages">User pages</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Discussion" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Discussion">Discussion</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Featured_books" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Featured books">Featured books</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Templates" title="Category:Templates">Template categories</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Editing_Wikitext/Making_Templates_A101" title="Editing Wikitext/Making Templates A101">Making Templates A101</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Editing_Wikitext/Templates_Ready_to_Use" title="Editing Wikitext/Templates Ready to Use">Templates Ready to Use</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room" title="Wikibooks:Reading room">Reading room</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/General" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/General">General</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Proposals" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals">Proposals</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Projects" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Projects">Projects</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Featured_books/Nominations" title="Wikibooks:Featured books/Nominations">Featured books</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Assistance" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance">General</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Technical_Assistance" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Technical Assistance">Technical</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance">Administrative</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_deletion#Deletion" title="Wikibooks:Requests for deletion">Deletion</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_deletion#Undeletion" title="Wikibooks:Requests for deletion">Undeletion</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import" title="Wikibooks:Requests for import">Import</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions" title="Wikibooks:Requests for permissions">Permissions</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Bulletin_Board" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Bulletin Board">Bulletin Board</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Useful_Wikibooks_pages" title="Category:Useful Wikibooks pages">Useful pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Accuracy_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks:Accuracy dispute">Accuracy dispute</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Authorship" title="Wikibooks:Authorship">Authorship</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Autoblock" title="Wikibooks:Autoblock">Autoblock</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Book_donations" title="Wikibooks:Book donations">Book donations</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Categories" title="Wikibooks:Categories">Categories</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Dealing_with_vandalism" title="Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism">Dealing with vandalism</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Dewikify" title="Wikibooks:Dewikify">Dewikify</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:How_to_obtain_public_domain_books" title="Wikibooks:How to obtain public domain books">How to obtain public domain books</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Language_Learning_Difficulty_for_English_Speakers" title="Wikibooks:Language Learning Difficulty for English Speakers">Language Learning Difficulty</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Licensing_guidelines" title="Wikibooks:Licensing guidelines">Licensing guidelines</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikibooks:NPOV dispute">NPOV dispute</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_Levels" title="Wikibooks:Reading Levels">Reading Levels</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Render_as_PNG" title="Wikibooks:Render as PNG">Render as PNG</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Subject_pages" title="Wikibooks:Subject pages">Subject pages</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Textbook_standards" title="Wikibooks:Textbook standards">Textbook standards</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:User_rights" title="Wikibooks:User rights">User rights</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Wikibooks_for_course_instructors" title="Wikibooks:Wikibooks for course instructors">Wikibooks for course instructors</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Wikibooks_for_Wikimedians" title="Wikibooks:Wikibooks for Wikimedians">Wikibooks for Wikimedians</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Wikimedia" title="Wikibooks:Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikibooks" title="Category:Wikibooks">Other<br/>project pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Welcome" title="Wikibooks:Welcome">Welcome</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Sandbox" title="Wikibooks:Sandbox">Sandbox</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Contact us</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikibooks_disclaimers" title="Category:Wikibooks disclaimers">Disclaimers category</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:CCO_Resources" title="Wikibooks:CCO Resources">CCO Resources</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Shortcuts" title="Wikibooks:Shortcuts">Shortcuts</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Community_Portal" title="Wikibooks:Community Portal">Community Portal</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Maintenance" title="Wikibooks:Maintenance">Maintenance</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:WikiProject" title="Wikibooks:WikiProject">WikiProject</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Essays" title="Wikibooks:Essays">Wikibooks essays</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Wikibooks_essays" title="Category:Wikibooks essays">Essays category</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Book_sources" title="Wikibooks:Book sources">Book sources</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Wikibooks_as_an_aid_to_teaching" title="Wikibooks:Wikibooks as an aid to teaching">Wikibooks for teaching</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Guidelines_for_class_projects" title="Wikibooks:Guidelines for class projects">Guidelines for class projects</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:List_of_class_projects" title="Wikibooks:List of class projects">List of class projects</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:WikiNode" title="Wikibooks:WikiNode">WikiNode</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Edit_filter" title="Wikibooks:Edit filter">Edit filter</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="Wikibooks:Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">CC-BY-SA License</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikibooks:GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL License</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Wikibooks_policies_and_guidelines" title="Category:Wikibooks 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