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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airfield" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airfield"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Airfield</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airfield-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LORAN_Station_Baker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LORAN_Station_Baker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>LORAN Station Baker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LORAN_Station_Baker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Wildlife_Refuge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Wildlife_Refuge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>National Wildlife Refuge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Wildlife_Refuge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_debris_and_remnants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_debris_and_remnants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Human debris and remnants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_debris_and_remnants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Baker Island</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker-eiland" title="Baker-eiland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Baker-eiland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1" title="جزيرة بيكر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزيرة بيكر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyker_adas%C4%B1" title="Beyker adası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Beyker adası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بیکر آداسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیکر آداسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA" title="বেকার দ্বীপ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেকার দ্বীপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker-t%C3%B3" title="Baker-tó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Baker-tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бэйкер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бэйкер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бэйкер – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэйкер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Бейкър (остров) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бейкър (остров)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakerinsl" title="Bakerinsl – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bakerinsl" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrvo_Baker" title="Ostrvo Baker – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ostrvo Baker" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_Baker" title="Illa Baker – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illa Baker" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Island_(administratibo_nga_pulo)" title="Baker Island (administratibo nga pulo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Baker Island (administratibo nga pulo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker%C5%AFv_ostrov" title="Bakerův ostrov – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bakerův ostrov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Baker Island" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beass%C3%A1%C5%A1suolu" title="Beassášsuolu – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Beassášsuolu" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakerinsel" title="Bakerinsel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bakerinsel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakeri_saar" title="Bakeri saar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bakeri saar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B7%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Μπαίηκερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπαίηκερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_Baker" title="Isla Baker – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla Baker" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakerinsulo" title="Bakerinsulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bakerinsulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_uhartea" title="Baker uhartea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baker uhartea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="جزیره بیکر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزیره بیکر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Baker" title="Île Baker – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Île Baker" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_Baker" title="Illa Baker – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illa Baker" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%BB%A4%EC%84%AC" title="베이커섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베이커섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB" title="Բեյքերի կղզի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բեյքերի կղզի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otok_Baker" title="Otok Baker – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Otok Baker" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulo_Baker" title="Insulo Baker – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Insulo Baker" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Baker" title="Pulau Baker – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pulau Baker" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_de_Baker" title="Insula de Baker – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Insula de Baker" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakereyja" title="Bakereyja – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bakereyja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isola_Baker" title="Isola Baker – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isola Baker" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8_(%D7%90%D7%99)" title="בייקר (אי) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בייקר (אי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_Baker" title="Pulo Baker – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pulo Baker" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="ბეიკერი (კუნძული) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბეიკერი (კუნძული)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Бейкер аралы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бейкер аралы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enys_Baker" title="Enys Baker – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Enys Baker" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_Baker" title="Insula Baker – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Insula Baker" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beikera_sala" title="Beikera sala – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Beikera sala" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker-Insel" title="Baker-Insel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Baker-Insel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beikerio_sala" title="Beikerio sala – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Beikerio sala" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoa_Baker" title="Isoa Baker – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Isoa Baker" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Baker Island" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker-sziget" title="Baker-sziget – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Baker-sziget" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Бејкеров Остров – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бејкеров Остров" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ബേക്കർ ദ്വീപ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബേക്കർ ദ്വീപ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="बेकर आयलंड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बेकर आयलंड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98)" title="ბეიკერი (კოკი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბეიკერი (კოკი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1" title="جزيره بيكر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جزيره بيكر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Baker" title="Pulau Baker – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pulau Baker" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_(eiland)" title="Baker (eiland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Baker (eiland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="ベーカー島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベーカー島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5)" title="Бейкер (гӀайре) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бейкер (гӀайре)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker%C3%B8ya" title="Bakerøya – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bakerøya" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="جزیرہ بیکر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جزیرہ بیکر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_(terytorium)" title="Baker (terytorium) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Baker (terytorium)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha_Baker" title="Ilha Baker – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilha Baker" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_Baker" title="Insula Baker – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insula Baker" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Бейкер (остров) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бейкер (остров)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Csula_Baker" title="Ìsula Baker – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ìsula Baker" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Csula_Baker" title="Ìsula Baker – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ìsula Baker" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Baker Island" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakerov_ostrov" title="Bakerov ostrov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bakerov ostrov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakerjev_otok" title="Bakerjev otok – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bakerjev otok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Бејкер (острво) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бејкер (острво)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_(otok)" title="Baker (otok) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Baker (otok)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_Baker" title="Pulo Baker – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pulo Baker" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakerinsaari" title="Bakerinsaari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bakerinsaari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker%C3%B6n" title="Bakerön – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bakerön" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="பேக்கர் தீவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேக்கர் தீவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เกาะเบเกอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกาะเบเกอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Adas%C4%B1" title="Baker Adası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baker Adası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2)" title="Бейкер (острів) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бейкер (острів)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="جزیرہ بیکر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جزیرہ بیکر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3o_Baker" title="Đảo Baker – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảo Baker" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pur%C3%B4_Baker" title="Purô Baker – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Purô Baker" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B%E5%B2%9B" title="贝克岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="贝克岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C3%A9k%C3%B9%E1%B9%A3%C3%B9_Baker" title="Erékùṣù Baker – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Erékùṣù Baker" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%A1%E5%B3%B6" title="比卡島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="比卡島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B%E5%B3%B6" title="貝克島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="貝克島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q46879#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Baker_Island&params=0_11_45_N_176_28_45_W_type:isle_scale:10000_region:UM-81_source:gnis-1392997"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°11′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">176°28′45″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.19583°N 176.47917°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0.19583; -176.47917</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Baker_Island&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Baker Island">History of Baker Island</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pacific atoll of the United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Baker_Island_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Baker Island (disambiguation)">Baker Island (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Baker Island</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="ib-islands-nick">Nickname: New Nantucket</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nwrbakerisle_a320.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Nwrbakerisle_a320.gif/260px-Nwrbakerisle_a320.gif" decoding="async" width="260" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Nwrbakerisle_a320.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="192" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service aerial view of Baker Island</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oceania_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baker Island is located in Oceania"><img alt="Baker Island is located in Oceania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Oceania_laea_location_map.svg/260px-Oceania_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Oceania_laea_location_map.svg/390px-Oceania_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Oceania_laea_location_map.svg/520px-Oceania_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1013" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.177%;left:61.988%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Baker Island"><img alt="Baker Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Baker Island</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Baker Island in the Pacific Ocean</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Baker_Island&params=0_11_45_N_176_28_45_W_type:isle_scale:10000_region:UM-81_source:gnis-1392997"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°11′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">176°28′45″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.19583°N 176.47917°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0.19583; -176.47917</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">2.1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.81 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">1.81 km (1.125 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">1.13 km (0.702 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coastline</th><td class="infobox-data">4.8 km (2.98 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">8 m (26 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Unincorporated</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">0 (2000)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Additional information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>International Date Line West (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9212:00" title="UTC−12:00">UTC−12:00</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;"><b>Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="background-color: #E7AF97;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories" title="IUCN protected area categories">IUCN category</a> Ia (<a href="/wiki/Strict_nature_reserve" title="Strict nature reserve">strict nature reserve</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_b04019a91f65f4ab105f8579333cae5e8b2505ec"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Baker_Island&groups=_b04019a91f65f4ab105f8579333cae5e8b2505ec" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Baker_Island&groups=_b04019a91f65f4ab105f8579333cae5e8b2505ec 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1974</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/refuge/baker-island">www<wbr />.fws<wbr />.gov<wbr />/refuge<wbr />/baker-island</a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Baker Island</b>, once known as <b>New Nantucket</b> in the early 19th century,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a small, uninhabited <a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">atoll</a> located just north of the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">Equator</a> in the central <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, approximately 1,920 miles (3,090 kilometres) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>. Positioned almost halfway between <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> and Australia, its closest neighbor is <a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a>, situated 42 mi (68 km) to the <a href="/wiki/Points_of_the_compass" title="Points of the compass">north-northwest</a>. Both Baker and Howland Islands have been claimed as <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territories of the United States</a> since 1857, though the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> regarded them as part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> between 1897 and 1936 but did not actually annex them.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were not being used when a U.S. Colonization attempt was started in 1935, and the next year formal reassertion of U.S. sovereignty was issued. During WWII the Japanese Empire attacked the island, and it was evacuated and a small military base was established. The island was an important navigation beacon in the remote Pacific waters during and after WWII. In the 1970s it was made into a nature preserve and has remained so into the 21st century. </p><p>Covering an area of 0.81 sq mi (2.1 km<sup>2</sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWF_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 3.0 mi (4.8 km) of coastline,<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWF_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baker Island experiences an <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Equatorial climate">equatorial</a> <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a>, characterized by average temperatures around 80 °F (27 °C), minimal rainfall, persistent winds, and strong sunlight. The <a href="/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain">terrain</a> is flat and sandy, surrounded by a narrow <a href="/wiki/Fringing_reef" title="Fringing reef">fringing reef</a>. Unlike many atolls, Baker Island lacks a central <a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoon</a>, with its highest point being 26 ft (7.9 m) above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWF_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, Baker Island is part of the Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge, an <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated</a> and unorganized territory of the U.S. The island is managed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> and is visited annually for <a href="/wiki/Conservation_biology" title="Conservation biology">conservation</a> purposes. Statistically, Baker Island is grouped with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands</a> and, along with Howland Island, is among the last places on Earth to experience the <a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a>, operating in the <a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9212:00" title="UTC−12:00">UTC−12:00 time zone</a>. It is one of the most remote U.S. possessions in the equatorial Pacific.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Howland and Baker are the last places on Earth to enter the new year, as they are just east of the International Date Line.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soldierfish,_Baker_Island_NWR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Soldierfish%2C_Baker_Island_NWR.jpg/220px-Soldierfish%2C_Baker_Island_NWR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Soldierfish%2C_Baker_Island_NWR.jpg/330px-Soldierfish%2C_Baker_Island_NWR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Soldierfish%2C_Baker_Island_NWR.jpg/440px-Soldierfish%2C_Baker_Island_NWR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1107" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Myripristis" title="Myripristis">Soldierfish</a> among Baker Island corals</figcaption></figure> <p>A cemetery and remnants from previous settlements are located near the middle of Baker Island's west coast, where the boat landing area is situated. There are no <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">ports</a> or <a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">harbors</a> on the island, and offshore anchorage is prohibited. The narrow, fringing reef surrounding Baker Island presents a significant maritime hazard, making access to the shore difficult. To aid in navigation, a <a href="/wiki/Day_beacon" title="Day beacon">day beacon</a> is positioned near the site of the former village.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baker Island's abandoned <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">runway</a>, which measures 5,463 ft (1,665 m) in length, is now completely overgrown with vegetation and is unserviceable.<sup id="cite_ref-FWShistory_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FWShistory-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States asserts an <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a> (EEZ) extending 200 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (370 km) and a <a href="/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial sea</a> of 12 nmi (22 km) around the Island. </p><p>During a <a href="/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization">colonization</a> attempt from 1935 to 1942, Baker Island was likely operating on Hawaii time, which was then 10.5 hours behind <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the island remains uninhabited, and its time zone is unspecified, though it falls within a <a href="/wiki/Nautical_time_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Nautical time zone">nautical time zone</a> 12 hours behind UTC (UTC−12:00). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orthographic_projection_over_Baker_Island.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Orthographic_projection_over_Baker_Island.png/220px-Orthographic_projection_over_Baker_Island.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Orthographic_projection_over_Baker_Island.png/330px-Orthographic_projection_over_Baker_Island.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Orthographic_projection_over_Baker_Island.png/440px-Orthographic_projection_over_Baker_Island.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption>Orthographic projection over Baker Island</figcaption></figure> <p>Baker Island was first discovered in 1818 by Captain Elisha Folger of the <a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a> <a href="/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler">whaling ship</a> <i>Equator</i>, who named the island "New Nantucket". In August 1825, it was sighted again by Captain <a href="/wiki/Starbuck_(whaling_family)#Obed_Starbuck" title="Starbuck (whaling family)">Obed Starbuck</a> aboard the <i>Loper</i>, another Nantucket whaler. The island later took its name from <a href="/wiki/Captain" title="Captain">Captain</a> Michael Baker, who visited it in 1834.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some accounts suggest that Baker visited the island earlier, in 1832, and returned on August 14, 1839, aboard the whaler <i>Gideon Howland</i>, where he reportedly buried an American seaman.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Captain Baker formerly claimed the island in 1855 and subsequently sold his interest to a group that later established the American Guano Company.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States officially took possession of Baker Island in 1857 under the <a href="/wiki/Guano_Islands_Act" title="Guano Islands Act">Guano Islands Act</a> of 1856.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island's <a href="/wiki/Guano" title="Guano">guano</a> deposits were mined by the American Guano Company from 1859 until 1878. Workers from various parts of the Pacific, including Hawaiʻi, were brought in for the mining operations. The Hawaiian laborers referred to Baker Island as "<span title="Hawaiian-language text"><i lang="haw">Puaka‘ilima</i></span>", named after the <a href="/wiki/Sida_fallax" title="Sida fallax">ilima flower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scale of guano extraction can be illustrated by ship movements in late 1868, where several ships, including the British vessel <i>Montebello</i> and the American ship <i>Eldorado</i>, transported tons of guano to <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1869, the British ship <i>Shaftsbury,</i> captained by John Davies, was <a href="/wiki/Shipwreck" title="Shipwreck">wrecked</a> on Baker's Island reef after a sudden wind shift and <a href="/wiki/Squall" title="Squall">squall</a> caused the ship to drag its <a href="/wiki/Mooring" title="Mooring">moorings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, the American ship <i>Robin Hood</i> was destroyed by fire while loading guano.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Camp_on_Baker_Island_(80-CF-79868-49).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Camp_on_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-49%29.jpg/220px-Camp_on_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-49%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Camp_on_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-49%29.jpg/330px-Camp_on_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-49%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Camp_on_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-49%29.jpg/440px-Camp_on_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-49%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2864" data-file-height="2256" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_House_on_Baker_Island_(80-CF-79868-39).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Government_House_on_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-39%29.jpg/220px-Government_House_on_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-39%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Government_House_on_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-39%29.jpg/330px-Government_House_on_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-39%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Government_House_on_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-39%29.jpg/440px-Government_House_on_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-39%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2851" data-file-height="2221" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_View_of_Baker_Island_(80-CF-79868-45).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/General_View_of_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-45%29.jpg/220px-General_View_of_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-45%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/General_View_of_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-45%29.jpg/330px-General_View_of_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-45%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/General_View_of_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-45%29.jpg/440px-General_View_of_Baker_Island_%2880-CF-79868-45%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2847" data-file-height="2234" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Settlers erected makeshift campsites on Baker Island during the <a href="/wiki/American_Equatorial_Islands_Colonization_Project" title="American Equatorial Islands Colonization Project">American Equatorial Islands Colonization Project</a>.</div></div></div></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/American_Equatorial_Islands_Colonization_Project" title="American Equatorial Islands Colonization Project">American Equatorial Islands Colonization Project</a>, <a href="/wiki/Settler" title="Settler">settlers</a> set up temporary camps on Baker Island. On December 7, 1886, the American Guano Company sold its rights to the British firm John T. Arundel and Company. The company then used Baker Island as its headquarters for guano operations in the Pacific from 1886 to 1891. Believing that the U.S. had abandoned its claim, Arundel applied to the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">British Colonial Office</a> in 1897 for a license to work the island. While the United Kingdom considered Baker Island a British territory, they never formally <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexed</a> it. The U.S. reasserted its claim in the early 1920s, and after diplomatic discussions, they initiated the American Equatorial Islands Colonization Project in 1935. In May 1936, <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a> 7358 was issued to reaffirm U.S. <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of the colonization effort, American settlers arrived on Baker Island aboard the <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Itasca_(1929)" title="USCGC Itasca (1929)">USCGC <i>Itasca</i></a>, which also brought colonists to neighboring Howland Island, on April 3, 1935, establishing a settlement named <a href="/wiki/Meyerton,_Baker_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Meyerton, Baker Island">Meyerton</a> to mine the guano deposits. The settlers built a lighthouse and dwellings and attempted to cultivate plants. However, most of these efforts were unsuccessful due to the island's harsh conditions, including its dry climate and the impact of seabirds.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meyerton's population was recorded as three American civilians in the 1940 U.S. <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">Census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The settlement was eventually evacuated in 1942 following Japanese attacks during World War II, and the U.S. military forces subsequently occupied the island.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town was named for Captain H. A. Meyer, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>, who assisted in establishing living quarters and <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rainwater</a> cisterns for the colonists. It was located on the west side of the island, at an elevation of 13 feet (4.0 m) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Airfield">Airfield</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Airfield"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lighthouse</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Baker Island Day Beacon<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span class="qs" style="display: none;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://quickstatements.toolforge.org/#/v1=Q28829550%7CP31%7CQ39715"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg/20px-Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg/30px-Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg/40px-Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Baker_Day_Beacon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Baker_Day_Beacon.jpg/220px-Baker_Day_Beacon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Baker_Day_Beacon.jpg/330px-Baker_Day_Beacon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Baker_Day_Beacon.jpg/440px-Baker_Day_Beacon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Baker Island Light</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="5" data-overlays="["_bd53b4a4dec9a1dc48bfa990ce5a73bffb25a2ae"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Baker_Island&groups=_bd53b4a4dec9a1dc48bfa990ce5a73bffb25a2ae" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Baker_Island&groups=_bd53b4a4dec9a1dc48bfa990ce5a73bffb25a2ae 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baker Island</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baker Island</a>, United States <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28829550#P17" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Baker_Island&params=0.19578_N_176.48428_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°11′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">176°29′03″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.19578°N 176.48428°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0.19578; -176.48428</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="background:#b9deed;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Tower</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constructed</th><td class="infobox-data">1935 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28829550?uselang=en#P571" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction</th><td class="infobox-data">brick <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28829550?uselang=en#P186" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">5 m (16 ft) <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28829550?uselang=en#P2048" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shape</th><td class="infobox-data">cylindrical tower, no lantern<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Markings</th><td class="infobox-data note">white <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28829550?uselang=en#P462" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="background:#FAF884;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Light</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deactivated</th><td class="infobox-data">1942 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28829550?uselang=en#P730" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On August 11, 1943, a U.S. Army defense force arrived on Baker Island as part of the broader <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kwajalein#Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Battle of Kwajalein">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a> during World War II. By September 1943, the Army had constructed a 5,463-foot (1,665 m) airfield on the island. This airfield served as a crucial staging base for the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh Air Force</a>, allowing <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator">B-24 Liberator</a> bombers to launch attacks on Japanese positions, including <a href="/wiki/Mili_Atoll" title="Mili Atoll">Mili Atoll</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/45th_Fighter_Squadron" title="45th Fighter Squadron">45th Fighter Squadron</a> operated <a href="/wiki/Curtis_P-40_Warhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtis P-40 Warhawk">P-40</a> fighters from Baker Island's airfield from September 1 to November 27, 1943. However, the strategic importance of the airfield diminished quickly, and by January 1, 1944, it was abandoned as military operations shifted further west.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="LORAN_Station_Baker">LORAN Station Baker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: LORAN Station Baker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/LORAN" title="LORAN">LORAN</a> (Long Range Navigation) radio station on Baker operated from September 1944 until July 1946. This station, designated as Unit 91 with the <a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">radio call sign</a> NRN-1, was a critical navigation aid for U.S. military operations in the Pacific during and immediately after World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LORAN stations like the one on Baker Island were part of a network used to assist ships and aircraft in determining their positions accurately, particularly in the vast and often featureless expanse of the Pacific Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baker Island is devoid of natural <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">fresh water</a> sources and receives minimal rainfall, making it an <a href="/wiki/Aridity" title="Aridity">arid</a> and inhospitable environment. The island, over 3700 feet wide, is remote and uninhabited despite its historical significance. It is designated as a <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">wildlife refuge</a> and is characterized by sparse vegetation, including four types of grass,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">prostrate vines</a>, and low-growing <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubs</a>. The treeless landscape provides a crucial habitat for various <a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">seabirds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wader" title="Wader">waders</a>, and marine wildlife. </p><p>Baker Island has been recognized as an <a href="/wiki/Important_Bird_Area" title="Important Bird Area">Important Bird Area</a> (IBA) by <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a> due to its support for large breeding <a href="/wiki/Bird_colony" title="Bird colony">colonies</a> of seabirds, such as <a href="/wiki/Lesser_frigatebird" title="Lesser frigatebird">lesser frigatebirds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masked_booby" title="Masked booby">masked boobies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sooty_tern" title="Sooty tern">sooty terns</a>. The island is home to over one million seabirds, including significant populations of albatrosses.<sup id="cite_ref-bli_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bli-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">Migratory</a> waders, including <a href="/wiki/Ruddy_turnstone" title="Ruddy turnstone">ruddy turnstones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bar-tailed_godwit" title="Bar-tailed godwit">bar-tailed godwits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanderling" title="Sanderling">sanderlings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_golden_plover" title="Pacific golden plover">Pacific golden plovers</a>, visit the island seasonally. Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered</a> species like <a href="/wiki/Green_sea_turtle" title="Green sea turtle">green turtles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">hawksbill turtles</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Grey_reef_shark" title="Grey reef shark">gray reef sharks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinner_dolphin" title="Spinner dolphin">spinner dolphins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monk_seal" title="Monk seal">monk seals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hermit_crab" title="Hermit crab">hermit crabs</a>, can be found along the surrounding reef.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_Wildlife_Refuge">National Wildlife Refuge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: National Wildlife Refuge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 27, 1974, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Morton" title="Rogers Morton">Rogers Morton</a> established the Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge. In 2009, the refuge was expanded to include submerged lands extending 12 nautical miles (22 km) from the island's shoreline. The refuge now encompasses 531 acres (215 hectares) of land and 410,184 acres (165,996 hectares) of surrounding marine waters.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baker Island, along with six other islands, is managed by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> as part of the Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex. In January 2009, this entity was redesignated as the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Remote_Islands_Marine_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument">Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument</a> by President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was renamed <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Heritage_Marine_National_Monument" title="Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument">Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument</a> in 2025. </p><p>Environmental challenges facing the refuge include remnants of abandoned military debris from World War II and the threat of <a href="/wiki/Illegal_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal fishing">illegal fishing</a> in offshore waters.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a> introduced by human activity, such as <a href="/wiki/Cockroach" title="Cockroach">cockroaches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut palms</a>, have displaced native wildlife. <a href="/wiki/Feral_cats" class="mw-redirect" title="Feral cats">Feral cats</a>, which were first introduced to the island in 1937, were eradicated by 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public access to Baker Island is highly restricted and requires a special use permit issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Permits are typically granted only to scientists and educators. Although limited tour packages are available from early June to mid-August, unauthorized visits and activities such as swimming, fishing, and lighting fires are strictly prohibited. The atoll is only visited during daylight hours, and <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba diving</a> is restricted to scientists affiliated with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Agency representatives visit the island approximately once every two years, often coordinating transportation with a <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a> vessel.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_debris_and_remnants">Human debris and remnants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Human debris and remnants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Debris from past human activity, particularly from the U.S. military's occupation of Baker Island during World War II, is scattered across the island and in the surrounding offshore waters. The most prominent remnant is the 5,400-by-150-foot (1,646-by-46-metre) <a href="/wiki/Aerodrome" title="Aerodrome">airstrip</a>, which is now completely overgrown with vegetation and is unusable.<sup id="cite_ref-FWShistory_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FWShistory-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the western coast of the island, a day beacon remains from the wartime era, although it has not been maintained since World War II. This beacon is now primarily used by albatross birds and hermit crabs for breeding, and it also serves as a <a href="/wiki/Landmark" title="Landmark">landmark</a> for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service during their infrequent visits to the atoll. </p><p>In the northeast section of the island, which appears to have been the main camp area during the military occupation, the remains of several buildings and heavy equipment are still visible. Five wooden antenna poles, each approximately 40 feet (12 metres) tall, continue to stand. Additionally, debris from several crashed aircraft, along with large equipment such as <a href="/wiki/Bulldozer" title="Bulldozer">bulldozers</a>, can be found both on the island and underwater. </p><p>Numerous bulldozer excavations containing remnants of metal, fuel, and <a href="/wiki/Water_drum" title="Water drum">water drums</a> are scattered throughout the north-central portion and along the island's northern edge. The U.S. Navy reported the loss of 11 landing craft in the surf during the wartime operations, contributing to the debris found in the waters surrounding the island.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines" style="max-width: 1016px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baker_Island_Coastline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baker Island coastline with red-footed booby"><img alt="Baker Island coastline with red-footed booby" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Baker_Island_Coastline.jpg/160px-Baker_Island_Coastline.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Baker_Island_Coastline.jpg/240px-Baker_Island_Coastline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Baker_Island_Coastline.jpg/320px-Baker_Island_Coastline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Baker Island coastline with red-footed booby</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_and_Wildlife_sign_on_Baker_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish and Wildlife sign"><img alt="Fish and Wildlife sign" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Fish_and_Wildlife_sign_on_Baker_Island.jpg/160px-Fish_and_Wildlife_sign_on_Baker_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Fish_and_Wildlife_sign_on_Baker_Island.jpg/240px-Fish_and_Wildlife_sign_on_Baker_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Fish_and_Wildlife_sign_on_Baker_Island.jpg/320px-Fish_and_Wildlife_sign_on_Baker_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish and Wildlife sign</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baker_Island_Day_Beacon_content.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hermit crabs taking shade in day beacon"><img alt="Hermit crabs taking shade in day beacon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Baker_Island_Day_Beacon_content.jpg/90px-Baker_Island_Day_Beacon_content.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Baker_Island_Day_Beacon_content.jpg/135px-Baker_Island_Day_Beacon_content.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Baker_Island_Day_Beacon_content.jpg/180px-Baker_Island_Day_Beacon_content.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hermit crabs taking shade in day beacon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baker_settlement_remains.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Settlement remains, radio mast in the background"><img alt="Settlement remains, radio mast in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Baker_settlement_remains.jpg/160px-Baker_settlement_remains.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Baker_settlement_remains.jpg/240px-Baker_settlement_remains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Baker_settlement_remains.jpg/320px-Baker_settlement_remains.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Settlement remains, radio mast in the background</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baker_Island_Gravesite.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Masked booby on gravestone"><img alt="Masked booby on gravestone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Baker_Island_Gravesite.JPG/167px-Baker_Island_Gravesite.JPG" decoding="async" width="167" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Baker_Island_Gravesite.JPG/250px-Baker_Island_Gravesite.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Baker_Island_Gravesite.JPG/333px-Baker_Island_Gravesite.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1562" data-file-height="1126" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Masked booby on gravestone</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baker_Radio_Towers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brown noddies with radio masts in the background"><img alt="Brown noddies with radio masts in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Baker_Radio_Towers.jpg/160px-Baker_Radio_Towers.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Baker_Radio_Towers.jpg/240px-Baker_Radio_Towers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Baker_Radio_Towers.jpg/320px-Baker_Radio_Towers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brown noddies with radio masts in the background</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baker_Island_wreck.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Landing craft wreckage on Baker Island coast"><img alt="Landing craft wreckage on Baker Island coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Baker_Island_wreck.JPG/160px-Baker_Island_wreck.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Baker_Island_wreck.JPG/240px-Baker_Island_wreck.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Baker_Island_wreck.JPG/320px-Baker_Island_wreck.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Landing craft wreckage on Baker Island coast</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 245px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BakerIsland_ISS010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baker Island satellite image"><img alt="Baker Island satellite image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/BakerIsland_ISS010.jpg/170px-BakerIsland_ISS010.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/BakerIsland_ISS010.jpg/254px-BakerIsland_ISS010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/BakerIsland_ISS010.jpg/339px-BakerIsland_ISS010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="708" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Baker Island satellite image</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See 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portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Engineering" title="Portal:Engineering">Engineering portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/32px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/48px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/64px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="617" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Oceania portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/64th_Coast_Artillery_(United_States)" title="64th Coast Artillery (United States)">64th Coast Artillery (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pacific_Islands" title="History of the Pacific Islands">History of the Pacific Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_and_Baker_Islands" title="Howland and Baker Islands">Howland and Baker Islands</a>, includes coverage of the Howland-Baker EEZ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Guano_Island_claims" title="List of Guano Island claims">List of Guano Island claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States" title="List of islands of the United States">List of islands of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_the_United_States#United_States_territories" title="List of lighthouses in the United States">List of lighthouses in the United States Minor Outlying Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_and_Enderbury_Islands" title="Canton and Enderbury Islands">Canton and Enderbury Islands</a> (U.S.- U.K condominium)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rauzon, Mark J. (2016). <i>Isles of Amnesia: The History, Geography, and Restoration of America's Forgotten Pacific Islands</i>. University of Hawai'i Press, Latitude 20. Page 110. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824846794" title="Special:BookSources/9780824846794">9780824846794</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoplease.com/countries/baker">"Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands | Facts & Information | Infoplease"</a>. <i>www.infoplease.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.infoplease.com&rft.atitle=Baker%2C+Howland%2C+and+Jarvis+Islands+%7C+Facts+%26+Information+%7C+Infoplease&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fcountries%2Fbaker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAWF-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWF_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWF_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWF_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states-pacific-island-wildlife-refuges">"United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> (2025 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=United+States+Pacific+Island+Wildlife+Refuges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Funited-states-pacific-island-wildlife-refuges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2014.zip">(Archived 2014 edition.)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Howland-Island">"Howland Island | Wildlife, Coral Reefs & Lagoons | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Howland+Island+%7C+Wildlife%2C+Coral+Reefs+%26+Lagoons+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FHowland-Island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rauzon, Mark J. (2016). <i>Isles of Amnesia: The History, Geography, and Restoration of America's Forgotten Pacific Islands</i>. University of Hawai'i Press, Latitude 20. Pages 38 and 104. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824846794" title="Special:BookSources/9780824846794">9780824846794</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichmondKotowicz2015" class="citation journal cs1">Richmond, Laurie; Kotowicz, Dawn (May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.007">"Equity and access in marine protected areas: The history and future of 'traditional indigenous fishing' in the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument"</a>. <i>Applied Geography</i>. <b>59</b>: <span class="nowrap">117–</span>124. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AppGe..59..117R">2015AppGe..59..117R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apgeog.2014.11.007">10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-6228">0143-6228</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geography&rft.atitle=Equity+and+access+in+marine+protected+areas%3A+The+history+and+future+of+%27traditional+indigenous+fishing%27+in+the+Marianas+Trench+Marine+National+Monument&rft.volume=59&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E124&rft.date=2015-05&rft.issn=0143-6228&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.apgeog.2014.11.007&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015AppGe..59..117R&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rft.au=Kotowicz%2C+Dawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.apgeog.2014.11.007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://user.iiasa.ac.at/~marek/fbook/05/print/fq.html">"CIA - The World Factbook -- Baker Island"</a>. <i>user.iiasa.ac.at</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=user.iiasa.ac.at&rft.atitle=CIA+-+The+World+Factbook+--+Baker+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuser.iiasa.ac.at%2F~marek%2Ffbook%2F05%2Fprint%2Ffq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FWShistory-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FWShistory_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FWShistory_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/History.cfm?ID=12511">"Baker Island : History"</a>. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baker+Island+%3A+History&rft.pub=U.S.+Fish+%26+Wildlife+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Frefuges%2Fprofiles%2FHistory.cfm%3FID%3D12511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongLong2000" class="citation book cs1">Long, Elgen M.; Long, Marie K. (2000). <i>Amelia Earhart: the mystery solved</i>. Simon & Schuster. p. 206. <q>Thursday, July 1, [1937] ... 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May 3, 1865. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510145955/http://www.nytimes.com/1865/05/03/news/guano-companies-litigation-case-interest-stockholders-supreme-court-general-term.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Guano+Companies+in+Litigation--A+Case+of+Interest+to+Stockholders&rft.date=1865-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1865%2F05%2F03%2Fnews%2Fguano-companies-litigation-case-interest-stockholders-supreme-court-general-term.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwin_Horace_Bryan1941" class="citation book cs1">Edwin Horace Bryan (1941). <i>American Polynesia: coral islands of the Central Pacific</i>. 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Johnson, Pacific Commercial Advertiser, 19 Dec 1868</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The loss of the British ship Shaftsbury, Pacific Commercial Advertiser, 12 Jun 1869</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Report from the guano islands, Pacific Commercial Advertiser, 25 Dec 1869</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHullRoosevelt1936" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull, Cordell</a>; <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. 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Greenwood Publishing. p. 332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313313950" title="Special:BookSources/9780313313950"><bdi>9780313313950</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+Two+Pacific+Island+Guide&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780313313950&rft.aulast=Rottman&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorison2001" class="citation book cs1">Morison, Samuel (2001). <i>History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: Aleutians, Gilberts and Marshalls, June 1942-April 1944</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fws.gov&rft.atitle=Redirect+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Fbakerisland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2011" class="citation web cs1">White, Susan (August 26, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/bakerisland/">"Welcome to Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge"</a>. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120327151719/http://www.fws.gov/bakerisland/">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Baker+Island+National+Wildlife+Refuge&rft.pub=U.S.+Fish+and+Wildlife+Service&rft.date=2011-08-26&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Fbakerisland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBush2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush, George W.</a> (January 6, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2009/01/20090106-6.html">"Establishment of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument: A Proclamation by the President of the United States of America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110223202959/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2009/01/20090106-6.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Establishment+of+the+Pacific+Remote+Islands+Marine+National+Monument%3A+A+Proclamation+by+the+President+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.pub=White+House&rft.date=2009-01-06&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=George+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2009%2F01%2F20090106-6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/History.cfm?ID=12511">"Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge History"</a>. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528013354/http://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/History.cfm?ID=12511">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baker+Island+National+Wildlife+Refuge+History&rft.pub=U.S.+Fish+and+Wildlife+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Frefuges%2Fprofiles%2FHistory.cfm%3FID%3D12511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalawski2007" class="citation web cs1">Palawski, Donald (August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/pacific/planning/main/docs/HI-PI/HBJ/Baker%20Draft%20CCP.pdf">"Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge: Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment §3.12"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120719174940/http://www.fws.gov/pacific/planning/main/docs/HI-PI/HBJ/Baker%20Draft%20CCP.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baker+Island+National+Wildlife+Refuge%3A+Draft+Comprehensive+Conservation+Plan+and+Environmental+Assessment+%C2%A73.12&rft.pub=U.S.+Fish+and+Wildlife+Service&rft.date=2007-08&rft.aulast=Palawski&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Fpacific%2Fplanning%2Fmain%2Fdocs%2FHI-PI%2FHBJ%2FBaker%2520Draft%2520CCP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=12511">"Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge"</a>. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130516183112/http://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=12511">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baker+Island+National+Wildlife+Refuge&rft.pub=U.S.+Fish+and+Wildlife+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Frefuges%2Fprofiles%2Findex.cfm%3Fid%3D12511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/pacific/planning/main/docs/HI-PI/HBJ/Baker%20Draft%20CCP.pdf">"Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge: Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex</i>. August 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090511083037/http://www.fws.gov/pacific/planning/main/docs/HI-PI/HBJ/Baker%20Draft%20CCP.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 11, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Remote+Islands+National+Wildlife+Refuge+Complex&rft.atitle=Baker+Island+National+Wildlife+Refuge%3A+Draft+Comprehensive+Conservation+Plan+and+Environmental+Assessment&rft.date=2007-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Fpacific%2Fplanning%2Fmain%2Fdocs%2FHI-PI%2FHBJ%2FBaker%2520Draft%2520CCP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaker+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Baker_Island#Q46879" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Baker Island">Baker Island</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Baker_Island" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Baker Island">Baker Island</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/refuge/baker_island/">Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states-pacific-island-wildlife-refuges/">Baker Island</a>. 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of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#owa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Montana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#South_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Wyoming</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#U.S._Minor_Outlying_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">U.S. Minor Outlying Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges_of_the_United_States#Virgin_Islands_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_the_United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands327" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;;background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_the_United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="Template:Protected areas of the United States Minor Outlying Islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_the_United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="Template talk:Protected areas of the United States Minor Outlying Islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_the_United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of the United States Minor Outlying Islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_the_United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands327" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Protected areas of the United States">Protected areas</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">Marine national monuments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Heritage_Marine_National_Monument" title="Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument">Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papah%C4%81naumoku%C4%81kea_Marine_National_Monument" title="Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument">Papahānaumokuākea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_memorials_of_the_United_States" title="List of national memorials of the United States">National Memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway#Remembrances" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#National_Wildlife_Refuge">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Islands_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Complex" title="Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex">Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island_National_Wildlife_Refuge" class="mw-redirect" title="Navassa Island National Wildlife Refuge">Navassa Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island#National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island#National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll#National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef#National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll#National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll#National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island#Protected_statuses" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_Conservancy" title="The Nature Conservancy">The Nature Conservancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll#History" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Preserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Insular_Affairs" title="Office of Insular Affairs">Office of Insular Affairs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States359" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States359" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">International concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territories_of_the_United_States310" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Territories of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Territories of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Territories of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Territories_of_the_United_States310" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_act" title="Organic act">Organic act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_regions_of_the_United_States#Former_organized_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic regions of the United States">Organized incorporated territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">U.S. territorial sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:1px #ccc solid"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest</a> (1787–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Territory" title="Southwest Territory">Southwest</a> (1790–1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi</a> (1798–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Indiana</a> (1800–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Orleans" title="Territory of Orleans">Orleans</a> (1804–1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Territory" title="Louisiana Territory">Louisiana</a>/<a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri</a> (1805–1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan</a> (1805–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois</a> (1809–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Territory" title="Alabama Territory">Alabama</a> (1817–1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Territory" title="Arkansas Territory">Arkansas</a> (1819–1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Territory" title="Florida Territory">Florida</a> (1822–1845)</li> <li>Oklahoma <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> 1834–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Panhandle">Panhandle</a> 1850–1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Territory</a> 1890–1907</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Territory" title="Wisconsin Territory">Wisconsin</a> (1836–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Territory" title="Iowa Territory">Iowa</a> (1838–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon</a> (1848–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Territory" title="Minnesota Territory">Minnesota</a> (1849–1858)</li> <li>New Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._provisional_government_of_New_Mexico" title="U.S. provisional government of New Mexico">Provisional</a> 1846–1850</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">Territory</a> 1850–1912</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah</a> (1850–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Territory" title="Washington Territory">Washington</a> (1853–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Territory" title="Kansas Territory">Kansas</a> (1854–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Territory" title="Nebraska Territory">Nebraska</a> (1854–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Territory" title="Nevada Territory">Nevada</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Territory" title="Colorado Territory">Colorado</a> (1861–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota</a> (1861–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho</a> (1863–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Territory" title="Arizona Territory">Arizona</a> (1863–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana</a> (1864–1889)</li> <li>Alaska <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Alaska" title="Department of Alaska">Department</a> 1867–1884</li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Alaska" title="District of Alaska">District</a> 1884–1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Alaska" title="Territory of Alaska">Territory</a> 1912–1959</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Territory" title="Wyoming Territory">Wyoming</a> (1868–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Hawaii</a> (1900–1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#Incorporated_vs._unincorporated_territories" title="Territories of the United States">Unincorporated territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a> (1898–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naval_Government_of_Guam" title="Naval Government of Guam">Naval Government</a> 1899–1950)</li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" title="Military Government of the Philippine Islands">Military Government</a> 1899–1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" title="Insular Government of the Philippine Islands">Insular Government</a> 1902–1935</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth</a> 1935–1946</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Government_of_Porto_Rico" title="Military Government of Porto Rico">Military Government</a> 1899–1900</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_Porto_Rico" title="Insular Government of Porto Rico">Insular Government</a> 1900–1952</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> (1900–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a> (1917–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> (1986–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_trust_territories" title="United Nations trust territories">United Nations trust territories</a> and other inhabited territories governed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Concession_(Shanghai)" title="American Concession (Shanghai)">American concession of Shanghai</a> (1848–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_concession_of_Tianjin" title="American concession of Tianjin">American concession of Tianjin</a> (1860–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Government_of_Cuba" title="Military Government of Cuba">Cuba</a> (1899–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Zone" title="Panama Canal Zone">Zone</a>) (1903–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Islands" title="Corn Islands">Corn Islands</a> (1914–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_and_Enderbury_Islands" title="Canton and Enderbury Islands">Canton and Enderbury Islands</a> (1939–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Territory_of_the_Pacific_Islands" title="Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands">Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands</a> (1947–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Civil_Administration_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands" title="United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a> (1950–1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guano_Islands_Act" title="Guano Islands Act">Guano Islands Act</a> claims and other <a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">uninhabited islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a> (1856–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roncador_Bank" title="Roncador Bank">Roncador Bank</a> (1856–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrana_Bank" title="Serrana Bank">Serrana Bank</a> (1856–1981)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baker Island</a> (1857–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a> (1858–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a> (1858–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a> (1858–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a> (1860–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Islands,_Honduras" title="Swan Islands, Honduras">Swan Islands</a> (1863–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a> (1867–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a> (1867–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quita_Sue%C3%B1o_Bank" title="Quita Sueño Bank">Quita Sueño Bank</a> (1869–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a> (1898–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> (1899–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10037030">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baker Island Day Beacon <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20933404#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wlol.arlhs.com/lighthouse/BAK001.html">ARLHS</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&oldid=1277346846#History">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baker_Island&oldid=1277346846#History</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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