CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Rifle - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"72110b01-ecb7-435b-92ed-bb24e07e447a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Rifle","wgTitle":"Rifle","wgCurRevisionId":1258317486,"wgRevisionId":1258317486,"wgArticleId":25456,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Articles needing additional references from May 2024","All articles needing additional references","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from October 2020","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015", "Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Hunting equipment","Infantry","Rifles","Personal weapons"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Rifle","wgRelevantArticleId":25456,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000, "wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q124072","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript": "ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Rifles_at_the_National_Firearms_Museum.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rifles_at_the_National_Firearms_Museum.jpg/800px-Rifles_at_the_National_Firearms_Museum.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rifles_at_the_National_Firearms_Museum.jpg/640px-Rifles_at_the_National_Firearms_Museum.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="854"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Rifle - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifle"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifle"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Rifle rootpage-Rifle skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rifle" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rifle" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rifle" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rifle" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historical overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 19th century subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Muzzle-loading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muzzle-loading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Muzzle-loading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muzzle-loading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minié_system_–_the_"rifled_musket"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minié_system_–_the_"rifled_musket""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Minié system – the "rifled musket"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minié_system_–_the_"rifled_musket"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breech_loading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breech_loading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Breech loading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breech_loading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolving_rifle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolving_rifle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Revolving rifle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolving_rifle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repeating_rifle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repeating_rifle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Repeating rifle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repeating_rifle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cartridge_storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cartridge_storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Cartridge storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cartridge_storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3D_printed_rifle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3D_printed_rifle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>3D printed rifle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3D_printed_rifle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Youth_rifle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youth_rifle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Youth rifle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Youth_rifle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Technical aspects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technical_aspects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technical aspects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technical_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rifling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rifling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Rifling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rifling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barrel_wear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barrel_wear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Barrel wear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barrel_wear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rate_of_fire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rate_of_fire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Rate of fire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rate_of_fire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Range" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Range"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Range</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Range-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bullet_rotational_speed_(RPM)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bullet_rotational_speed_(RPM)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Bullet rotational speed (RPM)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bullet_rotational_speed_(RPM)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caliber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caliber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Caliber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caliber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_rifle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_rifle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Types of rifle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_rifle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_mechanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_mechanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7.1</span> <span>By mechanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_mechanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7.2</span> <span>By usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rifle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geweer" title="Geweer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geweer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD)" title="بندقية (سلاح) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بندقية (سلاح)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusil" title="Fusil – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fusil" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiripin" title="Kiripin – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Kiripin" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbokap%C4%A9" title="Mbokapĩ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbokapĩ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCf%C9%99ng" title="Tüfəng – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tüfəng" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86%DA%AF" title="توفنگ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توفنگ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedil" title="Bedil – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bedil" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="রাইফেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাইফেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вінтоўка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вінтоўка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вінтоўка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вінтоўка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Винтовка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Винтовка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%A1ka" title="Puška – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Puška" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzuilh" title="Fuzuilh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fuzuilh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusell_(arma)" title="Fusell (arma) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fusell (arma)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%A1ka" title="Puška – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Puška" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiffl" title="Reiffl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Reiffl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riffel" title="Riffel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Riffel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewehr" title="Gewehr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gewehr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vintp%C3%BCss" title="Vintpüss – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vintpüss" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%86%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Τουφέκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουφέκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%27ci%C3%B2p" title="S'ciòp – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="S'ciòp" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusil" title="Fusil – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fusil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusilo" title="Fusilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fusilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusil" title="Fusil – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fusil" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D9%86%DB%8C" title="تفنگ گلوله‌زنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تفنگ گلوله‌زنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusil_(arme)" title="Fusil (arme) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fusil (arme)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewear" title="Gewear – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gewear" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raidhfil" title="Raidhfil – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Raidhfil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunna" title="Gunna – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gunna" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusil" title="Fusil – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fusil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BE%86%E7%A6%8F%E6%A7%8D" title="來福槍 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="來福槍" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EC%B4%9D" title="소총 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소총" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B2" title="राईफ़ल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राईफ़ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%A1ka" title="Puška – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Puška" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusilo" title="Fusilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fusilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senapan" title="Senapan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Senapan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%92%AA%E1%92%83%E1%90%B1%E1%96%85%E1%91%95%E1%90%85%E1%91%A6" title="ᒪᒃᐱᖅᑕᐅᑦ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᒪᒃᐱᖅᑕᐅᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riffill" title="Riffill – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Riffill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fucile" title="Fucile – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fucile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94" title="רובה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רובה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Винтовка – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Винтовка" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Мылтык – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мылтык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclopetum_striatum" title="Sclopetum striatum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sclopetum striatum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0autene" title="Šautene – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šautene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grai%C5%BEtvinis_%C5%A1autuvas" title="Graižtvinis šautuvas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Graižtvinis šautuvas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusil" title="Fusil – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fusil" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puska" title="Puska – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Puska" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пушка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пушка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basy" title="Basy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Basy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raifal" title="Raifal – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Raifal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ရိုင်ဖယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရိုင်ဖယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geweer" title="Geweer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geweer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2" title="राइफल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="राइफल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%8A%83" title="小銃 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="小銃" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuppetta" title="Scuppetta – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Scuppetta" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruder" title="Ruder – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruder" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rifle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rifle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusiu" title="Fusiu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fusiu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B2" title="ਰਾਈਫਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਈਫਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%86%DA%AF" title="تفنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تفنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ရုဲန်ဖယ် တနတ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရုဲန်ဖယ် တနတ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raifl" title="Raifl – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Raifl" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusil" title="Fusil – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fusil" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabin" title="Karabin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karabin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzil" title="Fuzil – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fuzil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C8%99c%C4%83" title="Pușcă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pușcă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illapa" title="Illapa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Illapa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Винтовка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Винтовка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Бинтиэпкэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Бинтиэпкэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusile" title="Fusile – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Fusile" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushka" title="Pushka – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pushka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scupetta" title="Scupetta – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Scupetta" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rifle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%A1ka" title="Puška – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Puška" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%A1ka" title="Puška – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Puška" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gywera" title="Gywera – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gywera" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пушка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пушка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%A1ka" title="Puška – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Puška" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiv%C3%A4%C3%A4ri" title="Kivääri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kivääri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gev%C3%A4r" title="Gevär – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gevär" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="மரைகுழல் துப்பாக்கி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரைகுழல் துப்பாக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="ปืนเล็กยาว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปืนเล็กยาว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCfek" title="Tüfek – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tüfek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%8B" title="Ланчыы – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ланчыы" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гвинтівка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гвинтівка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82" title="بندوق – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بندوق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-ciopo" title="S-ciopo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="S-ciopo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAng_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Súng trường – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Súng trường" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%8D%E6%9E%AA" title="来复枪 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="来复枪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="ביקס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ביקס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A5%E6%A7%8D" title="步槍 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="步槍" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A5%E6%9E%AA" title="步枪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="步枪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q124072#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Rifle" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rifle"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rifle"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Rifle" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Rifle" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&oldid=1258317486" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Rifle&id=1258317486&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRifle"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRifle"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rifle&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rifle" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q124072" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rifle" title="Special:EditPage/Rifle">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rifle%22">"Rifle"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rifle%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rifle%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rifle%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rifle%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rifle%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Common long range firearm</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the long gun. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rifle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rifle (disambiguation)">Rifle (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rifles_at_the_National_Firearms_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rifles_at_the_National_Firearms_Museum.jpg/220px-Rifles_at_the_National_Firearms_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rifles_at_the_National_Firearms_Museum.jpg/330px-Rifles_at_the_National_Firearms_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rifles_at_the_National_Firearms_Museum.jpg/440px-Rifles_at_the_National_Firearms_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="1359" /></a><figcaption>Common rifles from the mid-to-late 20th century of various types and configurations, displayed at the <a href="/wiki/National_Firearms_Museum" title="National Firearms Museum">National Firearms Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, United States. From top to bottom: <a href="/wiki/FAMAS" title="FAMAS">FAMAS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vz._52_rifle" title="Vz. 52 rifle">vz. 52 rifle</a>, <a href="/wiki/CAR-15" title="CAR-15">CAR-15</a>, <a href="/wiki/M40_rifle" title="M40 rifle">M40</a>, <a href="/wiki/SVD_(rifle)" title="SVD (rifle)">SVD rifle</a>, <a href="/wiki/RK_62" title="RK 62">RK 62</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Type_56" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 56">Type 56</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>rifle</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Long_gun" title="Long gun">long-barreled</a> <a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">firearm</a> designed for accurate <a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">shooting</a> and higher <a href="/wiki/Stopping_power" title="Stopping power">stopping power</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">barrel</a> that has a helical or spiralling pattern of grooves (<a href="/wiki/Rifling" title="Rifling">rifling</a>) cut into the bore wall.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In keeping with their focus on accuracy,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rifles are typically designed to be held with both hands and braced firmly against the shooter's shoulder via a <a href="/wiki/Buttstock" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttstock">buttstock</a> for stability during shooting. Rifles have been used in <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">warfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">target shooting sports</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The term was originally <i><b>rifled gun</b></i>, with the <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a> <i>rifle</i> referring to the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern">early modern</a> <a href="/wiki/Machining" title="Machining">machining</a> process of creating grooves with cutting tools. By the 20th century, the weapon had become so common that the modern noun <i>rifle</i> is now often used for any log-shaped handheld <a href="/wiki/Ranged_weapon" title="Ranged weapon">ranged weapon</a> designed for well-aimed discharge activated by a <a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)" title="Trigger (firearms)">trigger</a>. </p><p>Like all typical firearms, a rifle's <a href="/wiki/Projectile" title="Projectile">projectile</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bullet" title="Bullet">bullet</a>) is propelled by the contained <a href="/wiki/Deflagration" title="Deflagration">deflagration</a> of a combustible <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a> compound (originally <a href="/wiki/Black_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Black powder">black powder</a> and now <a href="/wiki/Nitrocellulose" title="Nitrocellulose">nitrocellulose</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder" title="Smokeless powder">smokeless powders</a>), although other propulsive means are used, such as <a href="/wiki/Compressed_air" title="Compressed air">compressed air</a> in <a href="/wiki/Air_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Air rifle">air rifles</a>, which are popular for <a href="/wiki/Pest_control" title="Pest control">vermin control</a>, <a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">small game</a> hunting, <a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the Summer Olympics">competitive target shooting</a> and casual <a href="/wiki/Shooting_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting sport">sport shooting</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Plinking" title="Plinking">plinking</a></i>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The distinct feature that separates a rifle from the earlier <a href="/wiki/Smoothbore" title="Smoothbore">smoothbore</a> <a href="/wiki/Long_gun" title="Long gun">long guns</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebuses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">muskets</a>) is the rifling within its <a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">barrel</a>. The raised areas of a barrel's rifling are called <i>lands</i>; they make contact with and exert <a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a> on the projectile as it moves down the bore, imparting a spin. When the projectile leaves the barrel, this spin persists and lends <a href="/wiki/Gyroscopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyroscopic">gyroscopic</a> stability to the projectile due to <a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_angular_momentum" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation of angular momentum">conservation of angular momentum</a>, increasing accuracy and hence effective range.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garandparts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Garandparts.jpg/330px-Garandparts.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Garandparts.jpg/495px-Garandparts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Garandparts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="205" /></a><figcaption>Names of parts of the <a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a> rifle, World War II era, from US Army field manual</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, rifles only fired a single projectile with each squeeze of the trigger. Modern rifles are commonly classified as single-shot, bolt-action, semi-automatic, or automatic. Single-shot, bolt-action, and semi-automatic rifles are limited by their designs to fire a single shot for each trigger pull. Only automatic rifles are capable of firing more than one round per trigger squeeze; however, some automatic rifles are limited to fixed bursts of two, three, or more rounds per squeeze.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Modern <a href="/wiki/Automatic_rifle" title="Automatic rifle">automatic rifles</a> overlap to some extent in design and function with <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a>. In fact, many light machine guns are adaptations of existing automatic rifle designs, such as the <a href="/wiki/RPK" title="RPK">RPK</a> and <a href="/wiki/M27_Infantry_Automatic_Rifle" title="M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle">M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle</a>. A military's light machine guns are typically chambered for the same caliber ammunition as its service rifles. Generally, the difference between an automatic rifle and a machine gun comes down to weight, cooling system, and ammunition feed system. Rifles, with their relatively lighter components (which overheat quickly) and smaller capacity <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">magazines</a>, are incapable of sustained automatic fire in the way that machine guns are; they trade this capability in favor of increased mobility. Modern military rifles are fed by magazines, while machine guns are generally <a href="/wiki/Belt_(firearms)" title="Belt (firearms)">belt-fed</a>. Many machine guns allow the operator to quickly exchange barrels in order to prevent overheating, whereas rifles generally do not. Most machine guns fire from an <a href="/wiki/Open_bolt" title="Open bolt">open bolt</a> in order to reduce the danger of "<a href="/wiki/Cooking_off" title="Cooking off">cook-off</a>", while almost all rifles fire from a <a href="/wiki/Closed_bolt" title="Closed bolt">closed bolt</a> for accuracy. Machine guns are often crewed by more than one soldier; the rifle is an individual weapon.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The term "rifle" is sometimes used to describe larger rifled <a href="/wiki/Crew-served_weapon" title="Crew-served weapon">crew-served weapons</a> firing explosive shells, for example, <a href="/wiki/Recoilless_rifle" title="Recoilless rifle">recoilless rifles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naval_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval rifle">naval rifles</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In many works of fiction "rifle" refers to any weapon that has a <a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stock (firearm)">stock</a> and is shouldered before firing, even if the weapon is not rifled or does not fire solid projectiles (e.g. "laser rifle").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_overview">Historical overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marlin_35_rem_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Marlin_35_rem_2.jpg/175px-Marlin_35_rem_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Marlin_35_rem_2.jpg/263px-Marlin_35_rem_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Marlin_35_rem_2.jpg/350px-Marlin_35_rem_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Rifling in a <a href="/wiki/.35_Remington" title=".35 Remington">.35 Remington</a> microgroove rifled barrel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Girdled_bullet_and_twin_rifle_groove.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Girdled_bullet_and_twin_rifle_groove.jpg/175px-Girdled_bullet_and_twin_rifle_groove.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Girdled_bullet_and_twin_rifle_groove.jpg/263px-Girdled_bullet_and_twin_rifle_groove.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Girdled_bullet_and_twin_rifle_groove.jpg 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>Girdled bullet and twin rifle groove of the <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_rifle" title="Brunswick rifle">Brunswick rifle</a>, mid-19th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The origins of rifling are difficult to trace, but some of the earliest European experiments seem to have been carried out during the 15th century. <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archers</a> had long realized that a twist added to the tail feathers of their arrows gave them greater accuracy.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early <a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">muskets</a> produced large quantities of smoke and soot, which had to be cleaned from the action and bore of the musket frequently, either through the action of repeated bore scrubbing, or a deliberate attempt to create "soot grooves" that would allow for more shots to be fired from the firearm. </p><p>While many people contributed to the development of the concept of rifling and rifles, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> claimed it as a German invention in his extensive writings about the history of the rifle, and the evolution and use of the technology.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the earliest examples of European grooved gun barrels were reportedly manufactured during 1440, and further developed by <a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Kollner" title="Gaspard Kollner">Gaspard Kollner</a> of Vienna <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1498</span>, although other scholars allege they were a joint effort between Kollner and Augustus Kotter of <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1520</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Military commanders preferred smoothbore weapons for <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> use because rifles were much more prone to problems due to powder fouling the barrel and because they took longer to reload and fire than muskets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Rifles were created as an improvement in the accuracy of smoothbore muskets. In the early 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robins" title="Benjamin Robins">Benjamin Robins</a>, an English mathematician, realized that an elongated bullet would retain the momentum and kinetic energy of a musket ball, but would slice through the air with greater ease.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The black powder used in early muzzle-loading rifles quickly fouled the barrel, making loading slower and more difficult. The greater range of the rifle was considered to be of little practical use since the smoke from black powder quickly obscured the battlefield and made it almost impossible to aim the weapon from a distance. Since musketeers could not afford to take the time to stop and clean their barrels in the middle of a battle, rifles were limited to use by <a href="/wiki/Marksman" title="Marksman">sharpshooters</a> and non-military uses like hunting.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">Muskets</a> were smoothbore, large caliber weapons using spherical ammunition fired at relatively low velocity. Due to the high cost and great difficulty of precision manufacturing, and the need to load readily from the muzzle, the musket ball was a loose fit in the barrel. Consequently, on firing the ball bounced off the sides of the barrel when fired and the final direction on leaving the muzzle was unpredictable.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The performance of early muskets defined the style of warfare at the time. Due to the lack of accuracy, soldiers were deployed in long lines (thus <a href="/wiki/Line_infantry" title="Line infantry">line infantry</a>) to fire at the opposing forces. Precise aim was thus not necessary to hit an opponent. Muskets were used for comparatively rapid, imprecisely aimed volley fire, and the average soldier could be easily trained to use them.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Province of Pennsylvania</a> USA, one of the most successful early rifles, the <a href="/wiki/Long_rifle" title="Long rifle">long rifle</a>, was developed over the course of the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to the more common <a href="/wiki/Brown_Bess" title="Brown Bess">Brown Bess</a>, these Pennsylvania and Kentucky rifles had a tighter bore with no space between bullet and barrel, and still used balls instead of conical bullets. The balls the long rifle used were smaller, allowing the production of more rounds for a given amount of lead. These rifles also had longer barrels, allowing more accuracy, which were rifled with a <a href="/wiki/Helix" title="Helix">helical</a> groove. These first started appearing sometime before 1740, one early example being made by Jacob Dickert, a German immigrant. By 1750 there were a number of such manufacturers in the area. The longer barrel was a departure by local gunsmiths from their German roots, allowing bullets to achieve a higher speed (as the burning gunpowder was contained longer) before emerging from the barrel.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1700s (18th century), colonial settlers, particularly those immigrating from Germany and Switzerland, adapted and improved upon their European rifles.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The improved long rifles were used for precise shooting, aiming, and firing at individual targets, instead of the musket's use for imprecise fire.<sup id="cite_ref-npr.org_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the American Revolution, the colonist troops favoured these more accurate rifles while their use was resisted by the British and Hessian troops.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Rifle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Henry_Rifle.jpg/330px-Henry_Rifle.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Henry_Rifle.jpg/495px-Henry_Rifle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Henry_Rifle.jpg/660px-Henry_Rifle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Henry_rifle" title="Henry rifle">Henry rifle</a>, the first successful <a href="/wiki/Lever_action" title="Lever action">lever action</a> <a href="/wiki/Repeating_rifle" title="Repeating rifle">repeating rifle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By the time of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, these rifles were commonly used by frontiersmen, and Congress authorized the establishment of ten companies of riflemen. One of the most critical units was <a href="/wiki/Morgan%27s_Riflemen" title="Morgan's Riflemen">Morgan's Riflemen</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Morgan" title="Daniel Morgan">Daniel Morgan</a>. This sharpshooting unit eventually proved itself integral to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saratoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Saratoga">Battle of Saratoga</a>, and in the southern states where General Morgan commanded as well. Taking advantage of the rifle's improved accuracy, Morgan's sharpshooters picked off cannoneers and officers, reducing the impact of enemy artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This kind of advantage was considered pivotal in many battles, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Cowpens" class="mw-redirect" title="The Battle of Cowpens">the battles of Cowpens</a>, Saratoga, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_King%27s_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of King's Mountain">King's Mountain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, the British <a href="/wiki/Rifle_Brigade_(Prince_Consort%27s_Own)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own)">95th Regiment (Green Jackets)</a> and <a href="/wiki/60th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="60th Regiment of Foot">60th Regiment, (Royal American)</a>, as well as sharpshooters and riflemen during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, used the rifle to great effect during skirmishing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Because of a slower loading time than a musket, they were not adopted by the whole army. Since rifles were used by sharpshooters who did not routinely fire over other men's shoulders, long length was not required to avoid the forward line. A shorter length made a handier weapon in which tight-fitting balls did not have to be rammed so far down the barrel.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The invention of the <a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié ball</a> in the 1840s solved the slow loading problem, and in the 1850s and 1860s rifles quickly replaced muskets on the battlefield. Many rifles, often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Rifled_musket" title="Rifled musket">rifled muskets</a>, were very similar to the muskets they replaced, but the military also experimented with other designs. <a href="/wiki/Breech-loading_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Breech-loading weapon">Breech-loading weapons</a> proved to have a much faster rate of fire than muzzleloaders, causing military forces to abandon muzzle loaders in favor of breech-loading designs in the late 1860s. In the later part of the 19th century, rifles were generally single-shot, breech-loading guns, designed for aimed, discretionary fire by individual soldiers. Then, as now, rifles had a stock, either fixed or folding, to be braced against the shoulder when firing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The adoption of <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridges</a> and breech-loading in the 19th century was concurrent with the general adoption of rifles. In the early part of the 20th century, soldiers were trained to shoot accurately over long ranges with high-powered cartridges. World War I <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield</a> rifles (among others) were equipped with long-range 'volley sights' for massed firing at ranges of up to 1.6 km (1 mi). Individual shots were unlikely to hit, but a platoon firing repeatedly could produce a 'beaten ground' effect similar to light artillery or machine guns.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Currently, rifles are the most common firearm in general use for <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> (with the exception of bird hunting, where <a href="/wiki/Shotguns" class="mw-redirect" title="Shotguns">shotguns</a> are favored). Rifles derived from military designs have long been popular with civilian shooters.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="19th_century">19th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:427px;max-width:427px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lepage_silex_gun_dite_du_Premier_Consul_circa_1800.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lepage_silex_gun_dite_du_Premier_Consul_circa_1800.jpg/350px-Lepage_silex_gun_dite_du_Premier_Consul_circa_1800.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lepage_silex_gun_dite_du_Premier_Consul_circa_1800.jpg/525px-Lepage_silex_gun_dite_du_Premier_Consul_circa_1800.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lepage_silex_gun_dite_du_Premier_Consul_circa_1800.jpg/700px-Lepage_silex_gun_dite_du_Premier_Consul_circa_1800.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2127" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:71px;max-width:71px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rifling_of_Lepage_carbine_circa_1800.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Rifling_of_Lepage_carbine_circa_1800.jpg/69px-Rifling_of_Lepage_carbine_circa_1800.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Rifling_of_Lepage_carbine_circa_1800.jpg/104px-Rifling_of_Lepage_carbine_circa_1800.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Rifling_of_Lepage_carbine_circa_1800.jpg/138px-Rifling_of_Lepage_carbine_circa_1800.jpg 2x" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="1029" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left">(left) "Premier Consul" model <a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">flintlock</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">carbine</a> made by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lepage" title="Jean Lepage">Jean Lepage</a> and named for the <a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">First Consul</a> <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon Bonaparte">Napoléon Bonaparte</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1800</span>; (right) rifling of the Lepage carbine.</div></div></div></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> the British army created several experimental units known as "Rifles", armed with the <a href="/wiki/Baker_rifle" title="Baker rifle">Baker rifle</a>. These Rifle Regiments were deployed as skirmishers during the Peninsular war in Spain and Portugal, and were more effective than skirmishers armed with muskets due to their accuracy and long range.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muzzle-loading">Muzzle-loading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Muzzle-loading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">Muzzleloader</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzzle-loading_rifle" title="Muzzle-loading rifle">Muzzle-loading rifle</a></div> <p>Gradually, rifles appeared with cylindrical barrels cut with helical grooves, the surfaces between the grooves being "lands". The innovation was shortly followed by the mass adoption of <a href="/wiki/Breech-loading_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Breech-loading weapon">breech-loading weapons</a>, as it was not practical to push an overbore bullet down through a rifled barrel. The dirt and grime from prior shots were pushed down ahead of a tight bullet or ball (which may have been a looser fit in the clean barrel before the first shot), and loading was far more difficult, as the lead had to be deformed to go down in the first place, reducing the accuracy due to deformation. Several systems were tried to deal with the problem, usually by resorting to an under-bore bullet that expanded upon firing.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delvigne_system.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Delvigne_system.jpg/220px-Delvigne_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Delvigne_system.jpg/330px-Delvigne_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Delvigne_system.jpg/440px-Delvigne_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption>The method developed by <a href="/wiki/Henri-Gustave_Delvigne" title="Henri-Gustave Delvigne">Delvigne</a> for his rifles, with the lead bullet being supported by a wooden sabot at its base.</figcaption></figure> <p>The original muzzle-loading rifle, with a closely fitting ball to take the rifling grooves, was loaded with difficulty, particularly when foul, and for this reason was not generally used for military purposes. With the advent of rifling, the bullet itself did not initially change but was wrapped in a greased, cloth patch to grip the rifling grooves.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first half of the 19th century saw a distinct change in the shape and function of the bullet. In 1826 <a href="/wiki/Henri-Gustave_Delvigne" title="Henri-Gustave Delvigne">Delvigne</a>, a French <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> officer, invented a breech with abrupt shoulders on which a spherical bullet was rammed down until it caught the rifling grooves. Delvigne's method, however, deformed the bullet and was inaccurate.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon after, the <a href="/wiki/Carabine_%C3%A0_tige" title="Carabine à tige">Carabine à tige</a> was invented by <a href="/wiki/Louis-Etienne_de_Thouvenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Etienne de Thouvenin">Louis-Etienne de Thouvenin</a>, which had a stem at the bottom of the barrel that would deform and expand the base of the bullet when rammed, therefore enabling accurate contact with the rifling. However, the area around the stem clogged and got dirty easily.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minié_system_–_the_"rifled_musket""><span id="Mini.C3.A9_system_.E2.80.93_the_.22rifled_musket.22"></span>Minié system – the "rifled musket"</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Minié system – the "rifled musket""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié ball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_rifle" title="Minié rifle">Minié rifle</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Minie_rifle(Mirror).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Japanese_Minie_rifle%28Mirror%29.jpg/300px-Japanese_Minie_rifle%28Mirror%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Japanese_Minie_rifle%28Mirror%29.jpg/450px-Japanese_Minie_rifle%28Mirror%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Japanese_Minie_rifle%28Mirror%29.jpg/600px-Japanese_Minie_rifle%28Mirror%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2925" data-file-height="773" /></a><figcaption>British-made <a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_rifle" title="Minié rifle">Minié rifle</a> used in Japan during the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Boshin war">Boshin war</a> (1868–1869).</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the most famous was the Minié system, invented by French Army Captain <a href="/wiki/Claude-%C3%89tienne_Mini%C3%A9" title="Claude-Étienne Minié">Claude-Étienne Minié</a>, which relied on a conical bullet (known as a Minié ball) with a hollow skirt at the base of the bullet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> When fired, the skirt would expand from the pressure of the exploding charge and grip the rifling as the round was fired. The better seal gave more power, as less gas escaped past the bullet. Also, for the same <a href="/wiki/Gauge_(bore_diameter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauge (bore diameter)">bore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">caliber</a>) diameter a long bullet was heavier than a round ball. The extra grip also spun the bullet more consistently, which increased the range from about 50 yards for a smoothbore musket to about 300 yards for a rifle using the Minié system. The expanding skirt of the Minié ball also solved the problem that earlier tight-fitting bullets were difficult to load as black powder residue fouled the inside of the barrel. The Minié system allowed conical bullets to be loaded into rifles just as quickly as round balls in smooth bores, which allowed <a href="/wiki/Rifled_musket" title="Rifled musket">rifle muskets</a> to replace muskets on the battlefield. </p><p>Minié system rifles, notably the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Model_1861" title="Springfield Model 1861">U.S. Springfield</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pattern_1853_Enfield" title="Pattern 1853 Enfield">British Enfield</a> of the early 1860s featured prominently in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Civil War">U.S. Civil War</a>, due to their enhanced power and accuracy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> (1853-1856) the Minié rifle was considered the "best in military use".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the 19th century, bullet design also evolved, the bullets becoming gradually smaller and lighter. By 1910 the standard blunt-nosed bullet had been replaced by the pointed, <a href="/wiki/Spitzer_(bullet)" title="Spitzer (bullet)">'spitzer' bullet</a>, an innovation that increased range and penetration. <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(weaponry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartridge (weaponry)">Cartridge</a> design evolved from simple paper tubes containing <a href="/wiki/Black_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Black powder">black powder</a> and shot, to sealed brass cases with integral <a href="/wiki/Primer_(firearm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Primer (firearm)">primers</a> for ignition, and black powder was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Cordite" title="Cordite">cordite</a>, and then other nitro-cellulose-based <a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder" title="Smokeless powder">smokeless powder</a> mixtures, propelling bullets to higher velocities than before.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The increased velocity meant that new problems arrived, and so bullets went from being soft lead to harder lead, then to <a href="/wiki/Full_metal_jacket_bullet" class="mw-redirect" title="Full metal jacket bullet">copper-jacketed</a>, in order to better engage the spiral grooves without "stripping" them in the same way that a screw or bolt thread would be stripped if subjected to extreme forces.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breech_loading">Breech loading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Breech loading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">Breechloader</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chassepot-p1000739.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Chassepot-p1000739.jpg/220px-Chassepot-p1000739.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Chassepot-p1000739.jpg/330px-Chassepot-p1000739.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Chassepot-p1000739.jpg/440px-Chassepot-p1000739.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="1124" /></a><figcaption>Loading mechanism of the <a href="/wiki/Chassepot" title="Chassepot">Chassepot</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From 1836, breech-loading rifles were introduced with the German Dreyse <a href="/wiki/Needle_gun" title="Needle gun">Needle gun</a>, followed by the French <a href="/wiki/Tabati%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabatière">Tabatière</a> in 1857, and the British Calisher and Terry carbine made in Birmingham and later in 1864 and the better known British <a href="/wiki/Snider%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Snider–Enfield">Snider–Enfield</a>. Primitive chamber-locking mechanisms were soon replaced by <a href="/wiki/Bolt-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt-action">bolt-action</a> mechanisms, exemplified by the French <a href="/wiki/Chassepot" title="Chassepot">Chassepot</a> in 1866. Breech-loading was to have a major impact on warfare, as breech-loading rifles can be fired at a rate many times faster than muzzle-loaded rifles and significantly can be loaded from a prone rather than standing position. Firing prone (i.e., lying down) is more accurate than firing from a standing position, and a prone rifleman presents a much smaller target than a standing soldier. The higher accuracy and range, combined with reduced vulnerability generally benefited the defense while making the traditional battle between lines of standing and volleying infantrymen obsolete.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolving_rifle">Revolving rifle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Revolving rifle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Revolver#History" title="Revolver">Revolver § History</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colt_Roots_British_Carbine.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Colt_Roots_British_Carbine.JPG/300px-Colt_Roots_British_Carbine.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Colt_Roots_British_Carbine.JPG/450px-Colt_Roots_British_Carbine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Colt_Roots_British_Carbine.JPG/600px-Colt_Roots_British_Carbine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Colt Model 1855 Carbine</figcaption></figure> <p>Revolving rifles were an attempt to increase the rate of fire of rifles by combining them with the revolving firing mechanism that had been developed earlier for revolving pistols. Colt began experimenting with revolving rifles in the early 19th century, and other manufacturers like Remington later experimented with them as well. The <a href="/wiki/Colt_revolving_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Colt revolving rifle">Colt Revolving Rifle Model 1855</a> was an early repeating rifle and the first one to be used by the U.S. Government and saw some limited action during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. Revolvers, both rifles and pistols, tend to spray fragments of metal from the front of the cylinder.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repeating_rifle">Repeating rifle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Repeating rifle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Winchester_rifle" title="Winchester rifle">Winchester repeating rifle</a> was invented in 1866. The firer pulled on a lever to reload the rifle with a stored cartridge.<sup id="cite_ref-npr.org_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cartridge_storage">Cartridge storage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cartridge storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An important area of development was the way that cartridges were stored and used in the weapon. The <a href="/wiki/Spencer_repeating_rifle" title="Spencer repeating rifle">Spencer repeating rifle</a> was a breech-loading manually operated <a href="/wiki/Lever-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Lever-action">lever-action</a> rifle that was adopted by the United States. Over 20,000 were used during the American Civil War. It was the first adoption of a removable <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">magazine</a>-fed infantry rifle. The design was completed by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Miner_Spencer" title="Christopher Miner Spencer">Christopher Spencer</a> in 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It used copper <a href="/wiki/Rimfire_ammunition" title="Rimfire ammunition">rimfire cartridges</a> stored in a removable seven-round tube magazine, enabling the rounds to be fired one after another. When the magazine was empty, it could be exchanged for another.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern">Modern</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vz24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vz24.jpg/350px-Vz24.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vz24.jpg/525px-Vz24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vz24.jpg/700px-Vz24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="155" /></a><figcaption>Czechoslovak rifle vz. 24</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> of 1904–1905, military observers from Europe and the United States witnessed a major conflict fought with high velocity <a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">bolt-action rifles</a> firing <a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder" title="Smokeless powder">smokeless powder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Keegan1999_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keegan1999-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 179, 229, 230">: 179, 229, 230 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Menning1992_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menning1992-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 104, 105">: 104, 105 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mukden" title="Battle of Mukden">Battle of Mukden</a> fought in 1905 consisted of nearly 343,000 Russian troops against over 281,000 Japanese troops. The Russian <a href="/wiki/Mosin%E2%80%93Nagant" title="Mosin–Nagant">Mosin–Nagant</a> Model 1891 in 7.62 mm was pitted against the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Type_30_rifle" title="Type 30 rifle">Arisaka Type 30</a> bolt-action rifle in 6.5 mm;<sup id="cite_ref-Menning1992_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menning1992-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 104, 105, 155">: 104, 105, 155 </span></sup> both had velocities well over 2,000 feet per second (610 m/s).<sup id="cite_ref-Menning1992_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menning1992-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 187">: 187 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MRJapan2006_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MRJapan2006-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 28, 29">: 28, 29 </span></sup> </p><p>Until the late 19th century rifles tended to be very long, some <a href="/wiki/Long_rifle" title="Long rifle">long rifles</a> reaching approximately 2 m (7 ft) in length to maximize accuracy, making early rifles impractical for use by cavalry. However, following the advent of more powerful smokeless powder, a shorter barrel did not impair accuracy as much. As a result, cavalry saw limited, but noteworthy, usage in 20th-century conflicts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The advent of the massed, rapid firepower of the <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">submachine gun</a> and rifled <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> was so quick as to outstrip the development of any way to attack a <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench</a> defended by riflemen and machine gunners. The carnage of World War I was perhaps the greatest vindication and vilification of the rifle as a military weapon.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a> was a semi-automatic rapid-fire rifle developed for modern warfare use in World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-npr.org_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hunting_rifle_02.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hunting_rifle_02.png/310px-Hunting_rifle_02.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hunting_rifle_02.png/465px-Hunting_rifle_02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hunting_rifle_02.png/620px-Hunting_rifle_02.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_700" title="Remington Model 700">Remington Model 700</a> in <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06 Springfield</a> with mounted <a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">telescopic sight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suppressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppressor">suppressor</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During and after World War II it became accepted that most infantry engagements occurred at ranges of less than 300 m; the range and power of the large full-powered rifle cartridges were "overkill", requiring weapons heavier than otherwise necessary. This led to Germany's development of the <a href="/wiki/7.92%C3%9733mm" class="mw-redirect" title="7.92×33mm">7.92×33mm <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kurz</i></span></a> (short) round, the <a href="/wiki/Sturmgewehr_44" class="mw-redirect" title="Sturmgewehr 44">MKb-42</a>, and ultimately, the <a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">assault rifle</a>. Today, an infantryman's rifle is optimized for ranges of 300 m or less, and soldiers are trained to deliver individual rounds or bursts of fire within these distances. Typically, the application of accurate, long-range fire is the domain of the <a href="/wiki/Designated_marksman" title="Designated marksman">marksman</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sniper" title="Sniper">sniper</a> in warfare, and of enthusiastic target shooters in peacetime. The modern <a href="/wiki/Marksman_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Marksman rifle">marksman rifle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">sniper rifle</a> are usually capable of accuracy better than 0.3 <a href="/wiki/Radian#SI_multiples" title="Radian">mrad</a> at 100 yards (1 <a href="/wiki/Minute_of_arc" class="mw-redirect" title="Minute of arc">arcminute</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="3D_printed_rifle">3D printed rifle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 3D printed rifle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Grizzly_(.22-caliber_rifle)" title="Grizzly (.22-caliber rifle)">Grizzly (.22-caliber rifle)</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Grizzly_(.22-caliber_rifle)" title="Grizzly (.22-caliber rifle)">Grizzly</a> is a 3D printed .22-caliber rifle created around August 2013. It was created using a <a href="/wiki/Stratasys" title="Stratasys">Stratasys</a> Dimension 1200es printer.<sup id="cite_ref-nbcnews.com_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was created by a Canadian only known by the pseudonym "Matthew" who told The Verge that he was in his late 20s, and his main job was making tools for the construction industry.<sup id="cite_ref-nbcnews.com_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-theverge.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theverge.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original Grizzly fired a single shot before breaking.<sup id="cite_ref-nbcnews.com_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grizzly 2.0 fired fourteen bullets before getting damaged due to the strain.<sup id="cite_ref-theverge.com_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theverge.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2020, another 3D-printed 9mm rifle known as the "FGC-9mm" was created. It is reported that it can be made in 2 weeks with $500 of tools. A second model was later made in April 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Youth_rifle">Youth rifle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Youth rifle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A youth rifle is a rifle designed or modified for fitting children or other small-framed shooters. A youth rifle is often a single-shot <a href="/wiki/.22_caliber" title=".22 caliber">.22 caliber</a> rifle, or a <a href="/wiki/Bolt-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt-action">bolt-action</a> rifle, although some youth rifles are semi-automatic. They are usually very light, with a greatly shortened length of pull, which is necessary to accommodate children. Youth stocks are available for many popular rifles, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ruger_10/22" title="Ruger 10/22">Ruger 10/22</a>, a semi-automatic .22 LR rifle, allowing a youth rifle to be made from a standard rifle by simply changing the stock. The typical ages of shooters for such rifles vary from about age 5+.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_aspects">Technical aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Technical aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rifling">Rifling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Rifling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rifling" title="Rifling">Rifling</a></div> <p>The usual form of rifling was helical grooves in a round bore.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some early rifled firearms had barrels with a twisted polygonal bore. The <a href="/wiki/Whitworth_rifle" title="Whitworth rifle">Whitworth rifle</a> was the first such type designed to spin the round for accuracy. Bullets for these guns were made to match the shape of the bore so the bullet would grip the rifle bore and take a spin that way. These were generally large caliber weapons, and the ammunition still did not fit tightly in the barrel. Many different shapes and degrees of spiraling were used in experimental designs. One widely produced example was the Metford rifling in the Pattern 1888 <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Metford" title="Lee–Metford">Lee–Metford</a> service rifle. Although uncommon, <a href="/wiki/Polygonal_rifling" title="Polygonal rifling">polygonal rifling</a> is still used in some weapons today, one example being the <a href="/wiki/Glock" title="Glock">Glock</a> line of pistols (which fire standard bullets). Many of the early designs were prone to dangerous backfiring, which could lead to the destruction of the weapon and serious injury to the person firing it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barrel_wear">Barrel wear</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Barrel wear"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benchrest_mauser_rifle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Benchrest_mauser_rifle.jpg/300px-Benchrest_mauser_rifle.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Benchrest_mauser_rifle.jpg/450px-Benchrest_mauser_rifle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Benchrest_mauser_rifle.jpg/600px-Benchrest_mauser_rifle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1748" data-file-height="1240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Benchrest_shooting" title="Benchrest shooting">Benchrest shooting</a> with a Mauser rifle</figcaption></figure> <p>As the bullet enters the barrel, it inserts itself into the rifling, a process that gradually wears down the barrel, and also causes the barrel to heat up more rapidly. Therefore, some <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a> are equipped with quick-change barrels that can be swapped every few thousand rounds, or in earlier designs, were water-cooled. Unlike older carbon <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> barrels, which were limited to around 1,000 shots before the extreme heat caused accuracy to fade, modern <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> barrels for target rifles are much more resistant to wear, allowing many thousands of rounds to be fired before accuracy drops. (Many shotguns and small arms have <a href="/wiki/Chrome_plating" title="Chrome plating">chrome</a>-lined barrels to reduce wear and enhance corrosion resistance. This is rare on rifles designed for extreme accuracy, as the plating process is difficult and liable to reduce the effect of the rifling.) Modern ammunition has a hardened lead core with a softer outer cladding or jacket, typically of an alloy of copper and nickel – <a href="/wiki/Cupro-nickel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupro-nickel">cupro-nickel</a>. Some ammunition is coated with <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum_disulfide" title="Molybdenum disulfide">molybdenum disulfide</a> to further reduce internal friction – the so-called 'moly-coated' bullet.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rate_of_fire">Rate of fire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rate of fire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">Rate of fire</a></div> <p>Rifles were initially single-shot, muzzle-loading weapons. During the 18th century, breech-loading weapons were designed, which allowed the rifleman to reload while under cover, but defects in manufacturing and the difficulty in forming a reliable gas-tight seal prevented widespread adoption. During the 19th century, multi-shot <a href="/wiki/Repeating_rifle" title="Repeating rifle">repeating rifles</a> using <a href="/wiki/Lever-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Lever-action">lever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pump-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Pump-action">pump</a> or linear <a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">bolt actions</a> became standard, further increasing the rate of fire and minimizing the fuss involved in loading a firearm. The problem of proper seal creation had been solved with the use of brass cartridge cases, which expanded in an <a href="/wiki/Elastic_(solid_mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elastic (solid mechanics)">elastic</a> fashion at the point of firing and effectively sealed the breech while the pressure remained high, then relaxed back enough to allow for easy removal. By the end of the 19th century, the leading bolt-action design was that of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Mauser" title="Paul Mauser">Paul Mauser</a>, whose action—wedded to a reliable design possessing a five-shot magazine<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—became a world standard through two world wars and beyond. The <a href="/wiki/Mauser_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauser rifle">Mauser rifle</a> was paralleled by Britain's ten-shot <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield</a><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and America's 1903 <a href="/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="M1903 Springfield rifle">Springfield Rifle</a> models. The American M1903 closely copied Mauser's original design. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Range">Range</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Barrel <a href="/wiki/Rifling" title="Rifling">rifling</a> dramatically increased the range and accuracy of the musket. Indeed, throughout its development, the rifle's history has been marked by increases in range and accuracy. From the <a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_rifle" title="Minié rifle">Minié rifle</a> and beyond, the rifle has become ever more potent at long-range strikes. </p><p>In recent decades, large-caliber anti-materiel rifles, typically firing between 12.7 mm and 20 mm caliber cartridges, have been developed. The US <a href="/wiki/M82_Barrett_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="M82 Barrett rifle">Barrett M82A1</a> is probably the best-known such rifle. A second example is the <a href="/wiki/Accuracy_International_AX50" title="Accuracy International AX50">AX50</a> by <a href="/wiki/Accuracy_International" title="Accuracy International">Accuracy International</a>. These weapons are typically used to strike critical, vulnerable targets such as computerized command and control vehicles, radio trucks, radar antennae, vehicle engine blocks and the jet engines of enemy aircraft. Anti-materiel rifles can be used against human targets, but the much higher weight of rifle and ammunition, and the massive recoil and muzzle blast, usually make them less than practical for such use. The Barrett M82 is designed with a maximum effective range of 1,800 m (1.1 mi), although it has a confirmed kill distance of 2,430 m (1.51 mi) in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anaconda" title="Operation Anaconda">Operation Anaconda</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Longest_recorded_sniper_kills" title="Longest recorded sniper kills">record for the longest confirmed kill shot</a> stands at 3,540 m (11,610 ft), set by an unnamed soldier with Canada's elite special operations unit <a href="/wiki/Joint_Task_Force_2" title="Joint Task Force 2">Joint Task Force 2</a> using a <a href="/wiki/McMillan_TAC-50" title="McMillan TAC-50">McMillan TAC-50</a> sniper rifle.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bullet_rotational_speed_(RPM)"><span id="Bullet_rotational_speed_.28RPM.29"></span>Bullet rotational speed (RPM)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bullet rotational speed (RPM)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bullets leaving a rifled barrel can spin at a <a href="/wiki/Rotational_speed" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotational speed">rotational speed</a> of over 100,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) (or over about 1.67 kilohertz, since 1 RPM = 1/60 Hz). The rotational speed depends both on the <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">muzzle velocity</a> of the bullet and the <a href="/wiki/Twist_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Twist rate">pitch</a> of the rifling. Excessive rotational speed can exceed the bullet's designed limits and the inadequate centripetal force will fail to keep the bullet from disintegrating in a radial fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rotational speed of the bullet can be calculated by using the formula below. </p> <ul><li>MV/ twist rate = rotational speed</li></ul> <p>Using metric units, the formula divides the number of millimeters in a meter (1000) by the barrel twist in millimeters (the length of travel along the barrel per full rotation). This number is then multiplied by the muzzle velocity in meters per second (m/s) and the number of seconds in a minute (60). </p> <ul><li>MV (in m/s) × (1000 mm /twist) × 60 s/min = Bullet RPM</li></ul> <p>For example, using a barrel that has a twist rate of 190 mm with a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s: </p> <ul><li>900 m/s × (1000 mm /(190 mm)) × 60 s/min = 284 210 RPM</li></ul> <p>Using imperial units, the formula divides the number of inches in a foot (12) by the rate of twist that the barrel has. This number is multiplied by the muzzle velocity (MV) and the number of seconds in a minute (60). For example, a bullet with a muzzle velocity of 3,000 feet per second (910 m/s) leaving a barrel that twists once per foot (1/12") would rotate at 180,000rpm.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>MV (in fps) × (12 in. /twist rate) × 60 s/min. = Bullet RPM</li></ul> <p>For example, using a barrel that has a twist rate of 1 turn in 8" with a muzzle velocity of 3000 ft/s: </p> <ul><li>3000 fps × (12"/(8"/rotation)) × 60 s/min. = 270,000 RPM</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caliber">Caliber</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Caliber"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rifles may be chambered in a variety of <a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">calibers</a> (bullet or barrel diameters), from as low as 4.4 mm (<a href="/wiki/.17_HMR" title=".17 HMR">.17</a> inch) <a href="/wiki/Varmint_rifle" title="Varmint rifle">varmint</a> calibers to as high as <a href="/wiki/20_mm_caliber" title="20 mm caliber">20 mm</a> (.80 caliber) in the case of the largest anti-tank rifles. The term <a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">caliber</a> essentially refers to the width of the bullet fired through a rifle's barrel. Armies have consistently attempted to find and procure the most lethal and accurate caliber for their firearms. </p><p>The standard calibers used by the world's militaries tend to follow worldwide trends. These trends have significantly changed during the centuries of firearm design and re-design. Muskets were normally chambered for large calibers, such as .50 or .59 (12.7 mm or 15 mm), with the theory that these large bullets caused the most damage. </p><p>During World War I and II, most rifles were chambered in .30 caliber (7.62 mm), a combination of power and speed. Examples would be the <a href="/wiki/.303_British" title=".303 British">.303 British</a> <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield</a>, the American <a href="/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield">M1903</a> <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06</a>, and the German <a href="/wiki/Karabiner_98k" title="Karabiner 98k">8mm Mauser K98</a>. </p><p>An exception was the Italian <a href="/wiki/Carcano" title="Carcano">Modello 91</a> rifle, which used the <a href="/wiki/6.5%C3%9752mm_Mannlicher%E2%80%93Carcano" class="mw-redirect" title="6.5×52mm Mannlicher–Carcano">6.5×52mm Mannlicher–Carcano</a> cartridge. </p><p>Detailed study of infantry combat during and after World War II revealed that most small-arms engagements occurred within 100 meters, meaning that the power and range of the traditional .30-caliber weapons (designed for engagements at 500 meters and beyond) were essentially wasted. The single greatest predictor of an individual soldier's combat effectiveness was the number of rounds he fired. Weapons designers and strategists realized that service rifles firing smaller-caliber projectiles would allow troops to carry far more ammunition for the same weight. The lower recoil and more generous magazine capacities of small-caliber weapons also allow troops a much greater volume of fire, compared to historical <a href="/wiki/Battle_rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle rifles">battle rifles</a>. Smaller, faster traveling, less stable projectiles have also demonstrated greater terminal ballistics and therein, a greater lethality than traditional .30-caliber rounds. Most modern service rifles fire a projectile of approximately 5.56 mm. Examples of firearms in this range are the American <a href="/wiki/5.56%C3%9745mm_NATO" title="5.56×45mm NATO">5.56 mm</a> <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16</a> and the Russian <a href="/wiki/5.45%C3%9739mm" title="5.45×39mm">5.45×39mm</a> <a href="/wiki/AK-74" title="AK-74">AK-74</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_rifle">Types of rifle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Types of rifle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_mechanism">By mechanism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: By mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_gun" title="Air gun">Air gun</a> <ul><li>Spring-piston <ul><li>Break barrel</li> <li>Fixed barrel <ul><li>Underlever</li> <li>Sidelever</li> <li>Overlever</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Pneumatic (internal pressure reservoir) <ul><li>Pump pneumatic, either single-stroke or multi-stroke</li> <li>Pre-charged pneumatic (PCP)</li></ul></li> <li>Compressed gas (external pressure reservoir) <ul><li>CO<sub>2</sub></li> <li>High pressure air (HPA)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">Firearm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">Single-shot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle-loading_rifle" title="Muzzle-loading rifle">Muzzle-loading rifle</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">flintlock</a> and mostly <a href="/wiki/Caplock" class="mw-redirect" title="Caplock">caplock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breech-loading_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Breech-loading weapon">Breech-loading rifle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breechblock" title="Breechblock">Breechblock</a> rifle, either <a href="/wiki/Trapdoor_mechanism" title="Trapdoor mechanism">trapdoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_block" title="Rolling block">rolling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falling_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Falling block">dropping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilting_block_actions" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilting block actions">tilting</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_rifle" title="Ferguson rifle">screwed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_action" title="Break action">Break-action</a> rifle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_rifle" title="Double rifle">Double rifle</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_multiple_barrel_firearms#Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of multiple barrel firearms">list</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeating_rifle" title="Repeating rifle">Repeating</a> <ul><li>Manual <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colt_revolving_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Colt revolving rifle">Revolving rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lever-action_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lever-action rifle">Lever-action rifle</a>, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Winchester_rifle" title="Winchester rifle">Winchester rifle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spencer_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Spencer rifle">Spencer rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_action" title="Pump action">Pump-action</a> rifle, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Colt_Lightning_Carbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Colt Lightning Carbine">Colt Lightning Carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">Bolt-action rifle</a> <ul><li>Turn-pull, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Gewehr_98" title="Gewehr 98">Mauser G98</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosin-Nagant" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosin-Nagant">Mosin-Nagant</a></li> <li>Straight-pull, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ross_rifle" title="Ross rifle">Ross rifle</a>, <a href="/wiki/K31" title="K31">K31</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mannlicher_M1895" title="Mannlicher M1895">Mannlicher M1895</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blaser_R93" title="Blaser R93">Blaser R93</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blaser_R8" title="Blaser R8">R8</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bolt-release rifle, also known as lever-release rifle, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Verney-Carron" title="Verney-Carron">Verney-Carron</a> SpeedLine</li></ul></li> <li>Self-loading <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_rifle" title="Semi-automatic rifle">Semi-automatic rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_rifle" title="Automatic rifle">Automatic rifle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selective-fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective-fire">Selective-fire</a> rifle</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_usage">By usage</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: By usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-materiel_rifle" title="Anti-materiel rifle">Anti-materiel rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_rifle" title="Anti-tank rifle">Anti-tank rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_rifle" title="Long rifle">Long rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_defense_weapon" title="Personal defense weapon">Personal defense weapon</a></li> <li>Precision rifle <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Designated_marksman_rifle" title="Designated marksman rifle">Designated marksman rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">Sniper rifle</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sniper_rifles" title="List of sniper rifles">list</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_rifle" title="Scout rifle">Scout rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">Service rifle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">Assault rifle</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_assault_rifles" title="List of assault rifles">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_rifle" title="Battle rifle">Battle rifle</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_battle_rifles" title="List of battle rifles">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">Carbine</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_carbines" title="List of carbines">list</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian" title="Civilian">Civilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_weapon#Rifles" title="Hunting weapon">Hunting rifle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_rifle" title="Buffalo rifle">Buffalo rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephant rifle">Elephant rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Express rifle">Express rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_gun" title="Punt gun">Punt gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varmint_rifle" title="Varmint rifle">Varmint rifle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting sport">Match/target</a> rifle <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benchrest_rifle" title="Benchrest rifle">Benchrest rifle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_sporting_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern sporting rifle">Modern sporting rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-barreled_rifle" title="Short-barreled rifle">Short-barreled rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varmint_rifle" title="Varmint rifle">Varmint rifle</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Combat_Rifle" title="Advanced Combat Rifle">Advanced Combat Rifle</a>/<a href="/wiki/Project_Abakan" title="Project Abakan">Project Abakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antique_firearms" title="Antique firearms">Antique firearms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_military_rifles" title="British military rifles">British military rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">Gun safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">Handgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assault_rifles" title="List of assault rifles">List of assault rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battle_rifles" title="List of battle rifles">List of battle rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multiple-barrel_firearms#Rifles" title="List of multiple-barrel firearms">List of multiple barrel rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rifle_cartridges" title="List of rifle cartridges">List of rifle cartridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sniper_rifles" title="List of sniper rifles">List of sniper rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objective_Individual_Combat_Weapon" title="Objective Individual Combat Weapon">Objective Individual Combat Weapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle_grenade" title="Rifle grenade">Rifle grenade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifling" title="Rifling">Rifling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifled_musket" title="Rifled musket">Rifled musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">Service rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the Summer Olympics">Shooting at the Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_range" title="Shooting range">Shooting range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting sport">Shooting sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">Shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silencer_(firearms)" title="Silencer (firearms)">Silencer (firearms)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">Telescopic sight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision-guided_firearm" title="Precision-guided firearm">Precision-guided firearm</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783050076119-127">"Friedrich Engels. The History of the Rifle. Ende Oktober 1860 bis 18. Januar 1861"</a>, <i>Karl Marx / Friedrich Engels: Werke, Artikel, Entwürfe, Oktober 1859 bis Dezember 1860</i>, De Gruyter, pp. 1008–1010, 31 December 1984, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783050076119-127">10.1515/9783050076119-127</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-05-007611-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-05-007611-9"><bdi>978-3-05-007611-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Karl+Marx+%2F+Friedrich+Engels%3A+Werke%2C+Artikel%2C+Entw%C3%BCrfe%2C+Oktober+1859+bis+Dezember+1860&rft.atitle=Friedrich+Engels.+The+History+of+the+Rifle.+Ende+Oktober+1860+bis+18.+Januar+1861&rft.pages=1008-1010&rft.date=1984-12-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783050076119-127&rft.isbn=978-3-05-007611-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1515%2F9783050076119-127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783050076119-093">"Friedrich Engels. On Rifled Cannon. 1. Hälfte März 1860"</a>, <i>Karl Marx / Friedrich Engels: Werke, Artikel, Entwürfe, Oktober 1859 bis Dezember 1860</i>, De Gruyter, pp. 898–901, 31 December 1984, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783050076119-093">10.1515/9783050076119-093</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-05-007611-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-05-007611-9"><bdi>978-3-05-007611-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Karl+Marx+%2F+Friedrich+Engels%3A+Werke%2C+Artikel%2C+Entw%C3%BCrfe%2C+Oktober+1859+bis+Dezember+1860&rft.atitle=Friedrich+Engels.+On+Rifled+Cannon.+1.+H%C3%A4lfte+M%C3%A4rz+1860&rft.pages=898-901&rft.date=1984-12-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783050076119-093&rft.isbn=978-3-05-007611-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1515%2F9783050076119-093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShafer2023" class="citation journal cs1">Shafer, Matt (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00905917231155277">"Rifle Theory: Engels and the History of Technology"</a>. <i>Political Theory</i>. <b>51</b> (4): 597–617. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00905917231155277">10.1177/00905917231155277</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0090-5917">0090-5917</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Theory&rft.atitle=Rifle+Theory%3A+Engels+and+the+History+of+Technology&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=597-617&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F00905917231155277&rft.issn=0090-5917&rft.aulast=Shafer&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F00905917231155277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardcastle1912" class="citation journal cs1">Hardcastle, J. H. (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03071841209420035">"The Rifle: A Weapon of Precision"</a>. <i>Royal United Services Institution. Journal</i>. <b>56</b> (413): 973–984. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03071841209420035">10.1080/03071841209420035</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-9289">0035-9289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Royal+United+Services+Institution.+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Rifle%3A+A+Weapon+of+Precision&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=413&rft.pages=973-984&rft.date=1912&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03071841209420035&rft.issn=0035-9289&rft.aulast=Hardcastle&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F03071841209420035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finedictionary.com/rifle.html">"Rifle Definition, Meaning & Usage"</a>. FineDictionary.com. 9 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rifle+Definition%2C+Meaning+%26+Usage&rft.pub=FineDictionary.com&rft.date=2012-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.finedictionary.com%2Frifle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greener, William Wellington (1885). <i>The Gun and Its Development: With Notes on Shooting</i>, pp. 50 and 620. Cassell Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101104021518/http://www.researchpress.co.uk/longrange/longshots.htm">"The How and Why of Long Shots and Straight Shots"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cornhill_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornhill Magazine">Cornhill Magazine</a></i>. <b>1</b> (4). United Kingdom: Smith, Elder and Co.: 505–512 April 1860. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/68317/pg68317-images.html#The_How_and_Why_of_Long_Shots_and_Straight_Shots">the original</a> on 4 November 2010 – via Updated URL provided for Project Gutenberg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cornhill+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+How+and+Why+of+Long+Shots+and+Straight+Shots&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=505-512&rft.date=1860-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fcache%2Fepub%2F68317%2Fpg68317-images.html%23The_How_and_Why_of_Long_Shots_and_Straight_Shots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanage2000" class="citation journal cs1">Stanage, Justin (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/iusburj/article/view/19841">"The Rifle-Musket vs. The Smoothbore Musket, a Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Two Types of Weapons Primarily at Short Ranges"</a>. <i>IU South Bend Undergraduate Research Journal</i>. <b>3</b>: 84–89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IU+South+Bend+Undergraduate+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Rifle-Musket+vs.+The+Smoothbore+Musket%2C+a+Comparison+of+the+Effectiveness+of+the+Two+Types+of+Weapons+Primarily+at+Short+Ranges.&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=84-89&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Stanage&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.iu.edu%2Fjournals%2Findex.php%2Fiusburj%2Farticle%2Fview%2F19841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReichmann1945" class="citation journal cs1">Reichmann, Felix (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20087726">"The Pennsylvania Rifle: A Social Interpretation of Changing Military Techniques"</a>. <i>The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography</i>. <b>69</b> (1): 3–14. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-4587">0031-4587</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20087726">20087726</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pennsylvania+Magazine+of+History+and+Biography&rft.atitle=The+Pennsylvania+Rifle%3A+A+Social+Interpretation+of+Changing+Military+Techniques&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-14&rft.date=1945&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20087726%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0031-4587&rft.aulast=Reichmann&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20087726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2011" class="citation thesis cs1">Clark, Brandon Louis (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/honors_et/8"><i>Effect of Barrel Length on the Muzzle Velocity and Report from a </i>Mosin-Nagant<i> 7.62x54R Rifle</i></a> (Undergraduate honors thesis). University of South Florida<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Effect+of+Barrel+Length+on+the+Muzzle+Velocity+and+Report+from+a+Mosin-Nagant+7.62x54R+Rifle&rft.inst=University+of+South+Florida&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Brandon+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.usf.edu%2Fhonors_et%2F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr.org-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-npr.org_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr.org_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr.org_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=98578531">"Book Explores History of the American Rifle"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Book+Explores+History+of+the+American+Rifle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D98578531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReichmann1945" class="citation journal cs1">Reichmann, Felix (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5215/pennmaghistbio.141.1.0069">"The Pennsylvania Rifle: A Social Interpretation of Changing Military Techniques"</a>. <i>The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography</i>. <b>69</b> (1): 3–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5215%2Fpennmaghistbio.141.1.0069">10.5215/pennmaghistbio.141.1.0069</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-4587">0031-4587</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20087726">20087726</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20087726">the original</a> on 25 May 2024 – via Newly Available and Processed Collections at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pennsylvania+Magazine+of+History+and+Biography&rft.atitle=The+Pennsylvania+Rifle%3A+A+Social+Interpretation+of+Changing+Military+Techniques.&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-14&rft.date=1945&rft.issn=0031-4587&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20087726%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5215%2Fpennmaghistbio.141.1.0069&rft.aulast=Reichmann&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20087726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/longrifle.html">"Those Tall American Patriots and Their Long Rifles"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Those+Tall+American+Patriots+and+Their+Long+Rifles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revolutionarywararchives.org%2Flongrifle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breathittcounty.com/01-08023.html">"A Short History Of The Kentucky Long Rifle"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+Of+The+Kentucky+Long+Rifle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.breathittcounty.com%2F01-08023.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whitemuzzleloading.com/article.php?id=27&title=Round+Balls+In+Fast+Twist+Rifles">"Round Balls In Fast Twist Rifles | White Muzzleloading"</a>. <i>whitemuzzleloading.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitemuzzleloading.com&rft.atitle=Round+Balls+In+Fast+Twist+Rifles+%7C+White+Muzzleloading&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhitemuzzleloading.com%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D27%26title%3DRound%2BBalls%2BIn%2BFast%2BTwist%2BRifles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadowski2015" class="citation book cs1">Sadowski, Robert A. (2015). <i>Shooter's Bible Guide to Tactical Firearms: A Comprehensive Guide to Precision Rifles and Long-Range Shooting Gear</i>. Skyhorse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781632209351" title="Special:BookSources/9781632209351"><bdi>9781632209351</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shooter%27s+Bible+Guide+to+Tactical+Firearms%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide+to+Precision+Rifles+and+Long-Range+Shooting+Gear&rft.pub=Skyhorse&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781632209351&rft.aulast=Sadowski&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/bullet">"Bullet"</a>. Britannica. 9 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bullet&rft.pub=Britannica&rft.date=2020-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftechnology%2Fbullet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://firearmshistory.blogspot.com/2010/05/rifling-expanding-bullets-and-minie.html">"Rifling: Expanding Bullets and the Minie Rifle"</a>. Firearms History, Technology & Development. 16 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2021</span>. <q>The solution for hundreds of years was to wrap the bullet in a greased cloth patch and ram it down the barrel</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rifling%3A+Expanding+Bullets+and+the+Minie+Rifle&rft.pub=Firearms+History%2C+Technology+%26+Development&rft.date=2010-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffirearmshistory.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F05%2Frifling-expanding-bullets-and-minie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcHale2017" class="citation web cs1">McHale, Tom (3 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gunsamerica.com/digest/reloading-bullet-materials-shapes/">"Reloading: Bullet Materials and Shapes"</a>. <i>GunsAmerica Digest</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GunsAmerica+Digest&rft.atitle=Reloading%3A+Bullet+Materials+and+Shapes&rft.date=2017-02-03&rft.aulast=McHale&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunsamerica.com%2Fdigest%2Freloading-bullet-materials-shapes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buffaloarms.com/reloading-supplies-accessories/jacketed-44-lead-copper-coated-bullets.html">"Soft Cast Bullets, Jacketed Bullets & Copper Coated Bullets | Shop Black Powder Cast Bullets at Buffalo Arms"</a>. <i>www.buffaloarms.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.buffaloarms.com&rft.atitle=Soft+Cast+Bullets%2C+Jacketed+Bullets+%26+Copper+Coated+Bullets+%7C+Shop+Black+Powder+Cast+Bullets+at+Buffalo+Arms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buffaloarms.com%2Freloading-supplies-accessories%2Fjacketed-44-lead-copper-coated-bullets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/rifles/revolving-rifle/">"Revolving Rifles"</a>. <i>Forgotten Weapons</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forgotten+Weapons&rft.atitle=Revolving+Rifles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forgottenweapons.com%2Fcategory%2Frifles%2Frevolving-rifle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer_Tucker2013" class="citation book cs1">Spencer Tucker (2013). <i>Almanac of American Military History</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 1028. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1598845303" title="Special:BookSources/978-1598845303"><bdi>978-1598845303</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Almanac+of+American+Military+History&rft.pages=1028&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1598845303&rft.au=Spencer+Tucker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2017/11/1/back-to-basics-center-fire-cartridge-cases/">"Back to Basics: Center-fire Cartridge Cases"</a>. <i>www.americanrifleman.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.americanrifleman.org&rft.atitle=Back+to+Basics%3A+Center-fire+Cartridge+Cases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanrifleman.org%2Farticles%2F2017%2F11%2F1%2Fback-to-basics-center-fire-cartridge-cases%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keegan1999-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keegan1999_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeegan1999" class="citation book cs1">Keegan, John (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstworldwar00keeg_0"><i>The First World War</i></a></span>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40052-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40052-4"><bdi>0-375-40052-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+World+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-375-40052-4&rft.aulast=Keegan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstworldwar00keeg_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Menning1992-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Menning1992_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Menning1992_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Menning1992_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenning1992" class="citation book cs1">Menning, Bruce W. (1992). <i>Bayonets Before Bullets; The Imperial Russian Army, 1861–1914</i>. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-33745-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-33745-3"><bdi>0-253-33745-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bayonets+Before+Bullets%3B+The+Imperial+Russian+Army%2C+1861%E2%80%931914&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-253-33745-3&rft.aulast=Menning&rft.aufirst=Bruce+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MRJapan2006-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MRJapan2006_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoneycuttAnthony2006" class="citation book cs1">Honeycutt, Fred L.; Anthony, F. Patt (2006). <i>Military Rifles of Japan</i> (Fifth ed.). Monticello, Iowa: Julin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9623208-7-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9623208-7-0"><bdi>0-9623208-7-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Rifles+of+Japan&rft.place=Monticello%2C+Iowa&rft.edition=Fifth&rft.pub=Julin&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-9623208-7-0&rft.aulast=Honeycutt&rft.aufirst=Fred+L.&rft.au=Anthony%2C+F.+Patt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbcnews.com-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbcnews.com_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbcnews.com_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbcnews.com_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/innovation/first-3-d-printed-rifle-fires-bullet-then-breaks-f8C10752930">First 3-D printed rifle fires bullet, then breaks</a>, NBC News, 26 July 2013. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140910200002/http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/innovation/first-3-d-printed-rifle-fires-bullet-then-breaks-f8C10752930">Archived</a> 10 September 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theverge.com-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theverge.com_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theverge.com_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2013/8/4/4588162/worlds-first-3d-printed-rifle-the-grizzly-updated">World's first 3D-printed rifle gets update, fires 14 shots</a>, The Verge, 4 August 2013.(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006110005/http://www.theverge.com/2013/8/4/4588162/worlds-first-3d-printed-rifle-the-grizzly-updated">Archived</a> 6 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reason.com/2021/05/14/atfs-proposed-rules-threaten-a-legal-mess-but-no-end-to-ghost-guns/">"ATF's Proposed Rules Threaten a Legal Mess but No End to Ghost Guns"</a>. <i>Reason.com</i>. 14 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reason.com&rft.atitle=ATF%27s+Proposed+Rules+Threaten+a+Legal+Mess+but+No+End+to+Ghost+Guns&rft.date=2021-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freason.com%2F2021%2F05%2F14%2Fatfs-proposed-rules-threaten-a-legal-mess-but-no-end-to-ghost-guns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.6mmbr.com/bulletcoating.html">"GUIDE to Bullet Coating"</a>. <i>www.6mmbr.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.6mmbr.com&rft.atitle=GUIDE+to+Bullet+Coating&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.6mmbr.com%2Fbulletcoating.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeton-KarrAtkinson1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Seton-Karr, Henry; Atkinson, Charles (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rifle"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Rifle">"Rifle" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 329.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rifle&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=329&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Seton-Karr&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Atkinson%2C+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriscolanti2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Friscolanti" title="Michael Friscolanti">Friscolanti, Michael</a> (15 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/canada/national/article.jsp?content=20060515_126689_126689">"We were abandoned"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Communications" title="Rogers Communications">Rogers Publishing</a>: 18–25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=We+were+abandoned&rft.pages=18-25&rft.date=2006-05-15&rft.aulast=Friscolanti&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fcanada%2Fnational%2Farticle.jsp%3Fcontent%3D20060515_126689_126689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFife2017" class="citation news cs1">Fife, Robert (21 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/canadian-elite-special-forces-sniper-sets-record-breaking-kill-shot-in-iraq/article35415651/">"Canadian elite special forces sniper makes record-breaking kill shot in Iraq"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Canadian+elite+special+forces+sniper+makes+record-breaking+kill+shot+in+Iraq&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft.aulast=Fife&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanadian-elite-special-forces-sniper-sets-record-breaking-kill-shot-in-iraq%2Farticle35415651%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512015023/http://www.loadammo.com/Topics/July01.htm">"Topic of the Month: July 2001 – Twist Rate"</a>. <i>Load From A Disk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loadammo.com/Topics/July01.htm">the original</a> on 12 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Load+From+A+Disk&rft.atitle=Topic+of+the+Month%3A+July+2001+%E2%80%93+Twist+Rate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loadammo.com%2FTopics%2FJuly01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://accurateshooter.wordpress.com/2008/06/03/calculating-bullet-rpm-spin-rates-and-stability/">"Calculating Bullet RPM – Spin Rates and Stability"</a>. <i>AccurateShooter.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AccurateShooter.com&rft.atitle=Calculating+Bullet+RPM+%E2%80%93+Spin+Rates+and+Stability&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faccurateshooter.wordpress.com%2F2008%2F06%2F03%2Fcalculating-bullet-rpm-spin-rates-and-stability%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rifles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rifles">Rifles</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Mick Bennett, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyoftherifle">The Story of the Rifle</a></i>, a booklet from 1945 in <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> format</li> <li>Friedrich Engels, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100713065737/http://www.ringmar.net/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=814:engels-qof-rifled-cannonq-1860&catid=98:wonders-of-technology&Itemid=142">"On Rifled Cannon"</a>, articles from the New York <i>Tribune</i>, April, May and June, 1860, reprinted in <i>Military Affairs</i> 21, no. 4 (Winter 1957) ed. Morton Borden, 193–198.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Firearms_(list,_glossary,_and_topics)" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Firearms" title="Template:Firearms"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Firearms" title="Template talk:Firearms"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Firearms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Firearms"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Firearms_(list,_glossary,_and_topics)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">Firearms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_firearms" title="List of firearms">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firearms_terms" title="Glossary of firearms terms">glossary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Firearms" title="Category:Firearms">topics</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">Firearm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_firearms" title="Category:Lists of firearms">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_firearm" title="History of the firearm">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types_of_firearms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Firearm#Types" title="Firearm">Types of firearms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">Breechloader</a> versus <a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">muzzleloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Combination guns">Combination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_gun" title="Elephant gun">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flare_gun" title="Flare gun">Flare gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_thrower" title="Line thrower">Line thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_gun" title="Long gun">Long gun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">Carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">Musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takedown_gun" title="Takedown gun">Takedown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-barrel_firearm" title="Multiple-barrel firearm">Multiple-barrel</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_multiple-barrel_firearms" title="List of multiple-barrel firearms">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlegun" title="Needlegun">Needler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_gun" title="Net gun">Net gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_gun" title="Pen gun">Pen gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_gun" title="Riot gun">Riot gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_cannon" title="Rotary cannon">Rotary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">Single-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeve_gun" title="Sleeve gun">Sleeve gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoothbore" title="Smoothbore">Smoothbore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring-gun" title="Spring-gun">Spring-gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_firearm" title="Underwater firearm">Underwater firearm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">Handguns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cane_gun" title="Cane gun">Cane gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derringer" title="Derringer">Derringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duelling_pistol" title="Duelling pistol">Duelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">Pistol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pistols" title="List of pistols">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_pistol" title="Machine pistol">Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper-box" title="Pepper-box">Pepper-box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_pistol" title="Pocket pistol">Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">Revolver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_revolvers" title="List of revolvers">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_pistol" title="Semi-automatic pistol">Semi-automatic pistol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_semi-automatic_pistols" title="List of semi-automatic pistols">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_caliber_carbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistol caliber carbine">Pistol caliber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_defence_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal defence weapon">Personal defence weapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">Submachine gun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starting_pistol" title="Starting pistol">Starting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallet_gun" title="Wallet gun">Wallet gun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rifles</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rifles" title="List of rifles">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-materiel_rifle" title="Anti-materiel rifle">Anti-materiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_rifle" title="Anti-tank rifle">Anti-tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">Assault</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assault_rifles" title="List of assault rifles">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_rifle" title="Automatic rifle">Automatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_rifle" title="Battle rifle">Battle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battle_rifles" title="List of battle rifles">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbine_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbine rifle">Carbine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_carbines" title="List of carbines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_rifle" title="Double rifle">Double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunting rifle">Hunting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_rifle" title="Buffalo rifle">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephant rifle">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Express rifle">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_gun" title="Punt gun">Punt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varmint_rifle" title="Varmint rifle">Varmint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_marksman_rifle" title="Designated marksman rifle">Marksman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifling" title="Rifling">Rifling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_rifling" title="Polygonal rifling">Polygonal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeating_rifle" title="Repeating rifle">Repeating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">Sniper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sniper_rifles" title="List of sniper rifles">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_purpose_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="General purpose machine gun">General purpose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_machine_gun" title="Light machine gun">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_machine_gun" title="Medium machine gun">Medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_machine_gun" title="Heavy machine gun">Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squad_automatic_weapon" title="Squad automatic weapon">SAW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">Shotguns</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_shotguns" title="List of shotguns">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_shotgun" title="Automatic shotgun">Automatic shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coach_gun" title="Coach gun">Coach gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_shotgun" title="Combat shotgun">Combat shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barreled_shotgun" title="Double-barreled shotgun">Double-barreled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_action" title="Pump action">Pump action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_shotgun" title="Riot shotgun">Riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawed-off_shotgun" title="Sawed-off shotgun">Sawed-off</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Ammunition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20-gauge_shotgun" title="20-gauge shotgun">20-gauge shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaching_round" title="Breaching round">Breaching round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_breath_(ammunition)" title="Dragon's breath (ammunition)">Dragon's breath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Shotgun shell">Shotgun shell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.410_bore" title=".410 bore">.410 bore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_(pellet)" title="Shot (pellet)">Shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_slug" title="Shotgun slug">Slug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_firearm" title="History of the firearm">Historic</a> or famous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AK-47" title="AK-47">AK-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AR-15_style_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="AR-15 style rifle">AR-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M16" class="mw-redirect" title="M16">M16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antique_firearms" title="Antique firearms">Antique firearms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Gatling gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_rifle" title="Winchester rifle">Winchester rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauser_rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauser rifles">Mauser rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">Tommy Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP_40" title="MP 40">MP 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzi" title="Uzi">Uzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Single_Action_Army" title="Colt Single Action Army">Colt Peacemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1911" class="mw-redirect" title="M1911">M1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glock" title="Glock">Glock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mechanics_and_components" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mechanics and <a href="/wiki/Category:Firearm_components" title="Category:Firearm components">components</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Firearm_components" title="Category:Firearm components">Components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">Barrel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feed_ramp" title="Feed ramp">Feed ramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slug_barrel" title="Slug barrel">Slug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_threads" title="Barrel threads">Threads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunnion" title="Trunnion">Trunnion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">Bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_(firearms)" title="Belt (firearms)">Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blank-firing_adapter" title="Blank-firing adapter">Blank-firing adapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breechblock" title="Breechblock">Breechblock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breechface" title="Breechface">Breechface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(firearms)" title="Bolt (firearms)">Bolt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rotating_bolt" title="Rotating bolt">Rotating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescoping_bolt" title="Telescoping bolt">Telescoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flapper_locking" title="Flapper locking">Flapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_locked" title="Roller locked">Roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilting_bolt" title="Tilting bolt">Tilting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bump_stock" title="Bump stock">Bump stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_(firearms)" title="Chamber (firearms)">Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocking_handle" title="Cocking handle">Cocking handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(firearms)" title="Cylinder (firearms)">Cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extractor_(firearms)" title="Extractor (firearms)">Extractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firing_pin" title="Firing pin">Firing pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_suppressor" title="Flash suppressor">Flash suppressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluting_(firearms)" title="Fluting (firearms)">Fluting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_assist" title="Forward assist">Forward assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freebore" title="Freebore">Freebore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forearm_(firearm_component)" title="Forearm (firearm component)">Forearm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_forward_grip" title="Vertical forward grip">Foregrip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_(firearms)" title="Hammer (firearms)">Hammer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-cock" title="Half-cock">Half-cock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_(firearms)#Linear_hammer" title="Hammer (firearms)">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_(firearms)#Striker" title="Hammer (firearms)">Striker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_(firearm)" title="Lock (firearm)">Lock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">Flintlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheellock" title="Wheellock">Wheellock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">Magazine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_metal" title="Bottom metal">Bottom metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clip_(firearms)" title="Clip (firearms)">Clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_magazine" title="Drum magazine">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-capacity_magazine" title="High-capacity magazine">High-capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedloader" title="Speedloader">Speedloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripper_clip" title="Stripper clip">Stripper clip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_brake" title="Muzzle brake">Muzzle brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_shroud" title="Muzzle shroud">Muzzle shroud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_grip" title="Pistol grip">Pistol grip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_slide" title="Pistol slide">Pistol slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_system_(firearms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail system (firearms)">Rail system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receiver_(firearms)" title="Receiver (firearms)">Receiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recoil_pad" title="Recoil pad">Recoil pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rim_(firearms)" title="Rim (firearms)">Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_(firearms)" title="Safety (firearms)">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sear_(firearm)" title="Sear (firearm)">Sear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_sear" title="Auto sear">Auto sear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_shroud" title="Barrel shroud">Shroud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silencer_(firearms)" title="Silencer (firearms)">Silencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_bore" title="Squeeze bore">Squeeze bore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choke_(firearms)" title="Choke (firearms)">Choke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearms)" title="Stock (firearms)">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronization_gear" title="Synchronization gear">Synchronization gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapering_(firearms)" title="Tapering (firearms)">Tapering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)" title="Trigger (firearms)">Trigger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_guard" title="Trigger guard">guard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sight_(device)" title="Sight (device)">Sights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diopter_sight" title="Diopter sight">Diopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finderscope" title="Finderscope">Finderscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_sight" title="Globe sight">Globe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holographic_weapon_sight" title="Holographic weapon sight">Holographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_sights" title="Iron sights">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_sight_(firearms)" title="Laser sight (firearms)">Laser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticle" title="Reticle">Reticle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflex_sight" class="mw-redirect" title="Reflex sight">Reflex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_dot_sight" title="Red dot sight">Red dot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sight_magnifier" title="Sight magnifier">Magnifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scope_mount" title="Scope mount">Scope mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_sight" title="Tang sight">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">Telescopic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-vision_device" title="Night-vision device">Night vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_weapon_sight" title="Thermal weapon sight">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sighting_in" title="Sighting in">Zeroing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)" title="Action (firearms)">Actions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowback_(firearms)" title="Blowback (firearms)">Blowback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow-forward" class="mw-redirect" title="Blow-forward">Blow-forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxlock_action" title="Boxlock action">Boxlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">Breechloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_action" title="Break action">Break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_bolt" title="Open bolt">Open bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_bolt" title="Closed bolt">Closed bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_firing" title="Electronic firing">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas-operated_reloading" title="Gas-operated reloading">Gas-operated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lever_action" title="Lever action">Lever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">Muzzleloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-battery" title="Out-of-battery">Out-of-battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_action" title="Pump action">Pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_feed_and_controlled_feed" title="Push feed and controlled feed">Push/Controlled feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recoil_operation" title="Recoil operation">Recoil-operated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeating_firearm" title="Repeating firearm">Repeating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">Revolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-loading_rifle" title="Self-loading rifle">Self-loading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">Single-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamfire" title="Slamfire">Slamfire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physics_of_firearms" title="Physics of firearms">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">Ballistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_coefficient" title="Ballistic coefficient">Ballistic coefficient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_ballistics" title="External ballistics">External</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_ballistics" title="Terminal ballistics">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_ballistics" title="Transitional ballistics">Transitional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_of_firearms" title="Physics of firearms">Physics of firearms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangefinder" title="Rangefinder">Rangefinding/keeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_discussion_of_rangekeeping" title="Mathematical discussion of rangekeeping">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadiametric_rangefinding" title="Stadiametric rangefinding">Stadiametric</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metrics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accurizing" title="Accurizing">Accurizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bore_axis" title="Bore axis">Bore axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">Caliber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_error_probable" title="Circular error probable">Circular error probable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_range#Weapons" title="Effective range">Effective range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_(firearms)" title="Gauge (firearms)">Gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_chronograph" title="Gun chronograph">Gun chronograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_harmonisation" title="Gun harmonisation">Gun harmonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headspace_(firearms)" title="Headspace (firearms)">Headspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Length_of_pull" title="Length of pull">Length of pull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_time" title="Lock time">Lock time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_grade" title="Match grade">Match grade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_time_between_failures" title="Mean time between failures">Mean time between failures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute_and_second_of_arc#Firearms" title="Minute and second of arc">Minute of Angle (MOA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_(firearms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzzle (firearms)">Muzzle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_energy" title="Muzzle energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_rise" title="Muzzle rise">Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">Velocity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetration_(weaponry)" title="Penetration (weaponry)">Penetration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_factor_(shooting_sports)" title="Power factor (shooting sports)">Power factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision-guided_firearm" title="Precision-guided firearm">Precision-guided</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">Rate of fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recoil" title="Recoil">Recoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_grouping" title="Shot grouping">Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearms)#Stock_measurements" title="Stock (firearms)">Stock measurements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopping_power" title="Stopping power">Stopping power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handgun_effectiveness" title="Handgun effectiveness">Handgun effectiveness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifling#Twist_rate" title="Rifling">Twist rate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Shooting_and_ammunition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">Shooting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gunshot" title="Gunshot">Gunshot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_fire" title="Dry fire">Dry fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">Firing (Shooting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunshot" title="Gunshot">Gunshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shootout" title="Shootout">Firefight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearm_maintenance" title="Firearm maintenance">Maintenance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_strip" title="Field strip">Field strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouling" title="Fouling">Fouling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearm_malfunction" title="Firearm malfunction">Malfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooking_off" title="Cooking off">Cooking off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_fire" title="Hang fire">Hang fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squib_load" title="Squib load">Squib load</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricochet" title="Ricochet">Ricochet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Ignition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_forming" title="Fire forming">Fire forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obturation" title="Obturation">Obturation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primer_(firearms)" title="Primer (firearms)">Primer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">Gunpowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_cap" title="Percussion cap">Percussion cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimfire_ammunition" title="Rimfire ammunition">Rimfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubes_and_primers_for_ammunition" title="Tubes and primers for ammunition">Tubes and Primers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearm_propellant" title="Firearm propellant">Propellant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_propellant" title="Ball propellant">Ball propellant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordite" title="Cordite">Cordite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improved_military_rifle_powder" title="Improved military rifle powder">Improved Military Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramrod" title="Ramrod">Ramrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder" title="Smokeless powder">Smokeless powder</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">Ammunition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannelure" title="Cannelure">Cannelure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dummy_round" title="Dummy round">Dummy round</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snap_cap" title="Snap cap">Snap cap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flechette" title="Flechette">Flechette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_check" title="Gas check">Gas check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpressure_ammunition" title="Overpressure ammunition">Overpressure ammunition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymer-cased_ammunition" title="Polymer-cased ammunition">PCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabot_(firearms)" title="Sabot (firearms)">Sabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadding" title="Wadding">Wadding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bullet" title="Bullet">Bullets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armor-piercing_bullet" title="Armor-piercing bullet">Armour piercing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast_bullet" title="Cast bullet">Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expanding_bullet" title="Expanding bullet">Expanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_metal_jacket_(ammunition)" title="Full metal jacket (ammunition)">Full metal jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frangible_bullet" title="Frangible bullet">Frangible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_bullet" title="Green bullet">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incendiary_ammunition" title="Incendiary ammunition">Incendiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-explosive_incendiary" title="High-explosive incendiary">High explosive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-explosive_incendiary/armor-piercing_ammunition" title="High-explosive incendiary/armor-piercing ammunition">HEIAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projectile" title="Projectile">Projectile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raufoss_Mk_211" title="Raufoss Mk 211">Raufoss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_shot" title="Round shot">Round shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saboted_light_armor_penetrator" title="Saboted light armor penetrator">SLAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft-point_bullet" title="Soft-point bullet">Soft point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercavitating_ammunition" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercavitating ammunition">Supercavitating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_metal_jacket" title="Total metal jacket">Total metal jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracer_ammunition" title="Tracer ammunition">Tracer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow-base_bullet" title="Hollow-base bullet">Hollow base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow-point_bullet" title="Hollow-point bullet">Hollow point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meplat" title="Meplat">Meplat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-tipped_bullet" title="Plastic-tipped bullet">Plastic tipped</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armour-piercing,_capped,_ballistic_capped_shell" title="Armour-piercing, capped, ballistic capped shell">ABCBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_shot" title="Snake shot">Snake shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_(bullet)" title="Spitzer (bullet)">Spitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very-low-drag_bullet" title="Very-low-drag bullet">VLD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blank_(cartridge)" title="Blank (cartridge)">Blank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caseless_ammunition" title="Caseless ammunition">Caseless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centerfire_cartridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Centerfire cartridge">Centrefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handloading" title="Handloading">Handloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle_cartridge" title="Rifle cartridge">Rifle cartridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fully_powered_cartridge" title="Fully powered cartridge">Fully powered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_cartridge" title="Intermediate cartridge">Intermediate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rifle_cartridges" title="List of rifle cartridges">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_cartridge" title="Paper cartridge">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinfire_cartridge" title="Pinfire cartridge">Pinfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_cartridge" title="Wildcat cartridge">Wildcat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society,_safety,_industry,_and_laws" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gun_cultures" title="Gun cultures">Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">safety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firearm_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearm industry">industry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Overview_of_gun_laws_by_nation" title="Overview of gun laws by nation">laws</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gun_cultures" title="Gun cultures">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebratory_gunfire" title="Celebratory gunfire">Celebratory gunfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_ownership" title="Gun ownership">Civilian gun ownership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Percent_of_households_with_guns_by_country" title="Percent of households with guns by country">Household ownership rates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibition_shooting" title="Exhibition shooting">Exhibition shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_cultures" title="Gun cultures">Gun cultures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_culture_in_the_United_States" title="Gun culture in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_shows_in_the_United_States" title="Gun shows in the United States">Gun shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_firearms" title="List of U.S. state firearms">State firearms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_style_(firearm_magazines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungle style (firearm magazines)"><i>Jungle style</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_duelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistol duelling">Pistol duelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_gun_politics_articles" title="Index of gun politics articles">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">Shooting sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_Marksmanship_Program" title="Civilian Marksmanship Program">Civilian Marksmanship Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gun_violence" title="Gun violence">Gun violence</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">safety</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_violence_in_the_United_States" title="Gun violence in the United States">in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_by_firearm" title="List of assassinations by firearm">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_firearm-related_death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by firearm-related death rate">Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_firearm_examination" title="Forensic firearm examination">Forensics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunfighter" title="Gunfighter">Gunfighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">Gun safety</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firearm_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearm industry">Firearm industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_printed_firearm" title="3D printed firearm">3D printed firearm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_3D_printed_weapons_and_parts" title="List of 3D printed weapons and parts">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_firearm_brands" title="List of firearm brands">Firearm brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Firearms_by_country" title="Category:Firearms by country">Firearms by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_shop" title="Gun shop">Gun shops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Firearm_commerce" title="Category:Firearm commerce">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunsmith" title="Gunsmith">Gunsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improvised_firearm" title="Improvised firearm">Improvised firearm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-produced_firearms" title="List of most-produced firearms">Most-produced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privately_made_firearm" class="mw-redirect" title="Privately made firearm">Privately made</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_arms_trade" title="Small arms trade">Small arms trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">Arms control</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">Arms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">Gun control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disarmament" title="Disarmament">Disarmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Arms_Trade" title="Campaign Against Arms Trade">Campaign Against Arms Trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featureless_rifles" title="Featureless rifles">Featureless rifles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overview_of_gun_laws_by_nation" title="Overview of gun laws by nation">Gun laws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_travel_with_firearms_and_ammunition" title="Air travel with firearms and ammunition">Air travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Assault weapons">Assault weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concealed_carry" title="Concealed carry">Concealed carry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concealed_carry_in_the_United_States" title="Concealed carry in the United States">in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_license" title="Firearms license">License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-capacity_magazine_ban" title="High-capacity magazine ban">High-capacity magazine ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms" title="Right to keep and bear arms">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_and_Light_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Arms and Light Weapons">Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">United States Gun</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_the_United_States" title="Gun law in the United States">Laws</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Gun laws in the United States by state">by U.S. state</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_weapons_legislation_in_the_United_States" title="Assault weapons legislation in the United States">Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban" title="Federal Assault Weapons Ban">Federal Assault Weapons Ban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hunting_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hunting_topics" title="Template:Hunting topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hunting_topics" title="Template talk:Hunting topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hunting_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hunting topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hunting_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting,_fishing_and_animals_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Hunting, fishing and animals in ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">Hunter-gatherer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_hunting" title="Medieval hunting">Medieval hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_hunt_of_the_Qing_dynasty" title="Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty">Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_hunting_technologies" title="North American hunting technologies">North American hunting technologies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-fowling" title="Bat-fowling">Bat-fowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagling" title="Beagling">Beagling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowhunting" title="Bowhunting">Bowhunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big%E2%80%93game_hunting" title="Big–game hunting">Big–game hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coursing" title="Coursing">Coursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_stalker" title="Game stalker">Game stalkering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigging" title="Gigging">Gigging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_hunting" title="Green hunting">Green hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">Falconry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_with_eagles" title="Hunting with eagles">Eagles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_sports" title="Field sports">Field sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fowling" title="Fowling">Fowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handgun_hunting" title="Handgun hunting">Handgun hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_hunting" title="Internet hunting">Internet hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layout_hunting" title="Layout hunting">Layout hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monter%C3%ADa_(hunt)" title="Montería (hunt)">Montería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttonbirding" title="Muttonbirding">Muttonbirding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistence_hunting" title="Persistence hunting">Persistence hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pest_control" title="Pest control">Pest control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plume_hunting" title="Plume hunting">Plume hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlighting" title="Spotlighting">Spotlighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_hunting" title="Trophy hunting">Trophy hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapping" title="Trapping">Trapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_hunting" title="Trail hunting">Trail hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treeing" title="Treeing">Treeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upland_hunting" title="Upland hunting">Upland hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varmint_hunting" title="Varmint hunting">Varmint hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venatio" title="Venatio">Venatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfowl_hunting" title="Waterfowl hunting">Waterfowl hunting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">Camouflage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_call" title="Game call">Game call</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duck_call" title="Duck call">Duck call</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghillie_suit" title="Ghillie suit">Ghillie suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_bag" title="Hunting bag">Hunting bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_weapon" title="Hunting weapon">Hunting weapon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_gun" title="Air gun">Air gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assegai" title="Assegai">Assegai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_spear" title="Bear spear">Bear spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar_spear" title="Boar spear">Boar spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blowgun" title="Blowgun">Blowgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">Pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_gun" title="Punt gun">Punt gun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">Spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">Shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_sword" title="Hunting sword">Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">Throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silencer_(firearms)" title="Silencer (firearms)">Silencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_brake" title="Shooting brake">Shooting brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sticks_(weapon_mount)" title="Shooting sticks (weapon mount)">Shooting sticks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_hunting" title="Alligator hunting">Alligator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_five_game" title="Big five game">Big five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bison_hunting" title="Bison hunting">Bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar_hunting" title="Boar hunting">Boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coon_hunting" title="Coon hunting">Raccoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_hunting" title="Deer hunting">Deer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deer_stalking" title="Deer stalking">Stalking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_hunting" title="Fox hunting">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_coursing" title="Hare coursing">Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_hunting" title="Human hunting">Human</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headhunting" title="Headhunting">Headhunting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackal_coursing" title="Jackal coursing">Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mink_hunting" title="Mink hunting">Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_game" title="Plains game">Plains game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbiting" title="Rabbiting">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_shooting" title="Rook shooting">Rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_hunting" title="Tiger hunting">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_hunting" title="Turkey hunting">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtling_(hunting)" title="Turtling (hunting)">Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_hunting" title="Lion hunting">Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_hunting" title="Quail hunting">Quail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting" title="Wolf hunting">Wolf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting_with_dogs" title="Wolf hunting with dogs">With dogs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">Seal</a></li> <li>Squirrel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squirrel_poaching" title="Squirrel poaching">Poaching</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_whaling" title="Aboriginal whaling">Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_drive_hunting" title="Dolphin drive hunting">Dolphin drive hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsistence_hunting_of_the_bowhead_whale" title="Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale">Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_pound" title="Buffalo pound">Buffalo pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_(land)" title="Chase (land)">Chase (land)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_park_(England)" title="Deer park (England)">Deer park (England)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_forest" title="Deer forest">Deer forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_kite" title="Desert kite">Desert kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_larder" title="Game larder">Game larder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_reserve" title="Game reserve">Game reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_farm" title="Game farm">Game farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_ranch" title="Guest ranch">Guest ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_blind" title="Hunting blind">Hunting blind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_hide" title="Bird hide">Bird hide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salter_(trap)" title="Salter (trap)">Salter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_lodge" title="Sporting lodge">Sporting lodge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagdschloss" title="Jagdschloss">Jagdschloss</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_trap" title="Wolf trap">Wolf trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Australia" title="Hunting in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dugong_hunting_in_Australia" title="Dugong hunting in Australia">Dugong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_industry" title="Kangaroo industry">Kangaroo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Azerbaijan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_tiger_hunts_in_Azerbaijan" title="Historical tiger hunts in Azerbaijan">Tiger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Cambodia" title="Hunting in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li>Chad <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_hunting_in_Chad" title="Elephant hunting in Chad">Elephant</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greenland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reindeer_hunting_in_Greenland" title="Reindeer hunting in Greenland">Reindeer</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_poaching_in_India" title="Tiger poaching in India">Tiger poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_poaching_in_Assam" title="Rhino poaching in Assam">Rhino poaching in Assam</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kenya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_hunting_in_Kenya" title="Elephant hunting in Kenya">Elephant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_New_Zealand" title="Hunting in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter-based_hunting_in_Fiordland" title="Helicopter-based hunting in Fiordland">Helicopter-based hunting in Fiordland</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_Hunting_in_Pakistan" title="Trophy Hunting in Pakistan">Trophy Hunting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Russia" title="Hunting in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Romania" title="Hunting in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Spain" title="Hunting in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_hunting_reserves_in_Switzerland" title="List of federal hunting reserves in Switzerland">Federal hunting reserves</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tonga <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_snaring" title="Pigeon snaring">Pigeon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_the_United_States" title="Hunting in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_fishing_in_Alaska" title="Hunting and fishing in Alaska">Alaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Driven_grouse_shooting" title="Driven grouse shooting">Driven grouse shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation and conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bag_(fishing_and_hunting)" title="Bag (fishing and hunting)">Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag_limits" title="Bag limits">Bag limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_officer" title="Conservation officer">Conservation officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_management" title="Deer management">Deer management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Act_1831" title="Game Act 1831">Game Act 1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_law" title="Game law">Game law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_preservation" title="Game preservation">Game preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_license" title="Hunting license">Hunting license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_Act_2004" title="Hunting Act 2004">Hunting Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_season" title="Hunting season">Hunting season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">Poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_hunting" title="Sustainable hunting">Sustainable hunting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambi_effect" title="Bambi effect">Bambi effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blooding_(hunting)" title="Blooding (hunting)">Blooding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canned_hunt" title="Canned hunt">Canned hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_hawking" title="Car hawking">Car hawking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_ague" title="Duck ague">Duck ague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry_training_and_technique" title="Falconry training and technique">Falconry training and technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_chase" title="Fair chase">Fair chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_dressing_(hunting)" title="Field dressing (hunting)">Field dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamekeepers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom">Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillie" title="Gillie">Gillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_dog" title="Hunting dog">Hunting dog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_dog" title="Gun dog">Gun dog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_magic" title="Hunting magic">Hunting magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hunting_deities" title="List of hunting deities">List of hunting deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_big-game_hunters" title="List of big-game hunters">List of big-game hunters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_hunting" title="Opposition to hunting">Opposition to hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parahawking" title="Parahawking">Parahawking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_hunter" title="Professional hunter">Professional hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Cecil_the_lion" title="Killing of Cecil the lion">Killing of Cecil the lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raptor_persecution" title="Raptor persecution">Raptor persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_orange" title="Safety orange">Safety orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_(hunting)" title="Take (hunting)">Take</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_(hunting)" title="Tracking (hunting)">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt" title="Wild Hunt">Wild Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_hunter" title="White hunter">White hunter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boone_and_Crockett_Club" title="Boone and Crockett Club">Boone and Crockett Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countryside_Alliance" title="Countryside Alliance">Countryside Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducks_Unlimited" title="Ducks Unlimited">Ducks Unlimited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Associations_for_Hunting_and_Conservation_of_the_EU" title="Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU">Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Hunters%27_Association" title="Finnish Hunters' Association">Finnish Hunters' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Saboteurs_Association" title="Hunt Saboteurs Association">Hunt Saboteurs Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Society_of_the_United_States" title="Humane Society of the United States">Humane Society of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Against_Cruel_Sports" title="League Against Cruel Sports">League Against Cruel Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Falconers_Association" title="North American Falconers Association">North American Falconers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club_International" title="Safari Club International">Safari Club International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowfishing" title="Bowfishing">Bowfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounty_hunter" title="Bounty hunter">Bounty hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_sport" title="Blood sport">Blood sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_hunting" title="Drag hunting">Drag hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_trial" title="Field trial">Field trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">Fur trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_hunting" title="Ghost hunting">Ghost hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_strategy" title="Hunting strategy">Hunting strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_hunting" title="Honey hunting">Honey hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insect_collecting" title="Insect collecting">Insect collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hunting" title="Mushroom hunting">Mushroom hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchid_hunting" title="Orchid hunting">Orchid hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overview_of_gun_laws_by_nation" title="Overview of gun laws by nation">Overview of gun laws by nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_hunting" title="Pearl hunting">Pearl hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_farming" title="Wildlife farming">Wildlife farming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124072#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124072#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124072#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4020851-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85114059">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fusils"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11974044w">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fusils"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11974044w">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="pušky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115961&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007538874205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10642800">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifle&oldid=1258317486">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifle&oldid=1258317486</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hunting_equipment" title="Category:Hunting equipment">Hunting equipment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infantry" title="Category:Infantry">Infantry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rifles" title="Category:Rifles">Rifles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Personal_weapons" title="Category:Personal weapons">Personal weapons</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2024">Articles needing additional references from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2020">Use dmy dates from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 November 2024, at 01:54<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifle&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-zvhrd","wgBackendResponseTime":153,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.304","walltime":"1.616","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9902,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":287024,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":16611,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":147007,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1324.085 1 -total"," 24.66% 326.498 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.28% 215.503 25 Template:Citation_needed"," 13.06% 172.900 25 Template:Fix"," 9.45% 125.082 10 Template:Military_navigation"," 9.28% 122.919 1 Template:Lang"," 9.02% 119.433 1 Template:Firearms"," 7.03% 93.058 2 Template:Citation"," 6.50% 86.019 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 6.46% 85.518 1 Template:Commons_category"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.760","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23231723,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-wkmgf","timestamp":"20241122140351","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Rifle","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rifle","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q124072","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q124072","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-04T20:32:39Z","dateModified":"2024-11-19T01:54:14Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/cf\/Rifles_at_the_National_Firearms_Museum.jpg","headline":"firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder, and with a rifled barrel"}</script> </body> </html>