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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sustainable forest management criteria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sustainable_forest_management_criteria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_forest_certification_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_forest_certification_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>National forest certification systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-National_forest_certification_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle National forest certification systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-National_forest_certification_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Endorsements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endorsements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Endorsements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endorsements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_and_alternative_certification_schemes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_and_alternative_certification_schemes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Criticism and alternative certification schemes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_and_alternative_certification_schemes-sublist" 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification_Schemes" title="Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metsade_Sertifitseerimise_Kinnitamise_Programm" title="Metsade Sertifitseerimise Kinnitamise Programm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metsade Sertifitseerimise Kinnitamise Programm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8D%CF%81%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Πρόγραμμα για την επικύρωση της δασικής πιστοποίησης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόγραμμα για την επικύρωση της δασικής πιστοποίησης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEFC" title="PEFC – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="PEFC" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_de_reconnaissance_des_certifications_foresti%C3%A8res" title="Programme de reconnaissance des certifications forestières – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Programme de reconnaissance des certifications forestières" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmemme_maka_nkwado_nke_asambodo_%E1%BB%8Dh%E1%BB%8Ba" title="Mmemme maka nkwado nke asambodo ọhịa – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mmemme maka nkwado nke asambodo ọhịa" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification_schemes" title="Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%A1ko_pa%C5%BEym%C5%B3_patvirtinimo_programa" title="Miško pažymų patvirtinimo programa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Miško pažymų patvirtinimo programa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_for_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification_Schemes" title="Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEFC%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%AA%8D%E8%A8%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0" title="PEFC森林認証プログラム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="PEFC森林認証プログラム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEFC" title="PEFC – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="PEFC" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEFC" title="PEFC – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="PEFC" 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5e/Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification_logo.png" decoding="async" width="166" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="188" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable forestry">Sustainable forestry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Origins</th><td class="infobox-data">Europe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Global</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Method</th><td class="infobox-data">Certification</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Michael Berger</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pefc.org/">http://www.pefc.org/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/PEFC_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="PEFC (disambiguation)">PEFC</a>.</div> <p>The <b>Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification</b> (<b>PEFC</b>) is an international, non-profit, <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organization</a> which promotes <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_forest_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable forest management">sustainable forest management</a> through independent third-party <a href="/wiki/Certified_wood" title="Certified wood">certification</a>. As of 2006, it was considered the certification system of choice for small forest owners in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-timber.unece.org_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timber.unece.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its 48 endorsed national forest certification systems<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> represent more than 280 million hectares (690<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> acres) of certified forests.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This makes it the largest forest certification system in the world, covering about two-thirds of the globally certified <a href="/wiki/Forest_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest area">forest area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is based in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification" title="Special:EditPage/Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification was created in 1999 by a group of European forest owners and managers, led by the Confederation of European Forest Owners (CEPF), to meet the growing demand for certification, particularly in developing countries where the costs of certification could be prohibitive. The main goal of the <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">organization</a>, initially called the Pan-European Forest Certification Council, was to develop a certification system that was flexible and could be adapted to different forest types and management practices, while still meeting rigorous environmental, social, and economic standards. </p><p>In 2000, PEFC made its first endorsements of the national standards used by <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>. In 2004 it endorsed its first non-European national standards, used by <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. As a consequence PEFC changed its name from <i>Pan European Forest Certification</i> to <i>Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes</i>. </p><p>In 2005 the forest surface certified against PEFC standards reached 100 million hectares after joining of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. In 2007 the forest surface certified against PEFC standards reached 200 million hectares. </p><p>In 2009 the first tropical countries became members of PEFC: <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and as of 2015 40 national organizations were members of PEFC. In 2017 the forest surface certified against PEFC standards reached 300 million hectares and as of 2022 there were 55 national organizations members of PEFC. </p><p>PEFC's certification standards are based on the principles of sustainable forest management, which include protecting biodiversity, ensuring the rights and welfare of forest workers and local communities, and promoting responsible forest management practices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sustainable_forest_management_criteria">Sustainable forest management criteria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sustainable forest management criteria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification_Scheme_(Marburg-Schr%C3%B6ck).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification_Scheme_%28Marburg-Schr%C3%B6ck%29.JPG/220px-Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification_Scheme_%28Marburg-Schr%C3%B6ck%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification_Scheme_%28Marburg-Schr%C3%B6ck%29.JPG/330px-Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification_Scheme_%28Marburg-Schr%C3%B6ck%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification_Scheme_%28Marburg-Schr%C3%B6ck%29.JPG/440px-Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification_Scheme_%28Marburg-Schr%C3%B6ck%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Shield of the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes (PEFC) at Marburg-Schröck, Germany.</figcaption></figure> <p>PEFC International is the only international forest certification scheme that bases its criteria on internationally accepted intergovernmental conventions and guidelines,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thereby linking its sustainability benchmark criteria with existing governmental processes. This includes:<sup id="cite_ref-pefc.org_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pefc.org-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Pan-European Criteria, Indicators and Operational Level Guidelines for Sustainable Forest Management (<a href="/wiki/Ministerial_Conference_on_the_Protection_of_Forests_in_Europe" title="Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe">Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Timber_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African Timber Organization (page does not exist)">ATO</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Tropical_Timber_Organization" title="International Tropical Timber Organization">ITTO</a> Principles, criteria and indicators for the sustainable forest management of African natural tropical forests (ATO/ITTO)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ITTO guidelines on sustainable forest management (ITTO)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>PEFC requires adherence to all eight core <a href="/wiki/ILO" class="mw-redirect" title="ILO">ILO</a> conventions, even in countries which have not ratified them.<sup id="cite_ref-pefc.org_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pefc.org-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These conventions are </p> <ul><li>No 29: <a href="/wiki/Forced_Labour_Convention" title="Forced Labour Convention">Forced Labour</a> (1930)</li> <li>No 87: <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Association_and_Protection_of_the_Right_to_Organise_Convention" title="Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention">Freedom of Associations and Protection of the Right to Organise</a> (1948)</li> <li>No 98: <a href="/wiki/Right_to_Organise_and_Collective_Bargaining_Convention,_1949" title="Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949">Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining</a> (1949)</li> <li>No 100: <a href="/wiki/Equal_Remuneration_Convention" title="Equal Remuneration Convention">Equal Remuneration</a> (1951)</li> <li>No 105: <a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_Forced_Labour_Convention" title="Abolition of Forced Labour Convention">Abolition of Forced Labour</a> (1957)</li> <li>No 111: <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_(Employment_and_Occupation)_Convention" title="Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention">Discrimination (Employment and Occupation)</a> (1958)</li> <li>No 138: <a href="/wiki/Minimum_Age_Convention,_1973" title="Minimum Age Convention, 1973">Minimum Age for Admission to Employment</a> (1973)</li> <li>No. 182: <a href="/wiki/Worst_Forms_of_Child_Labour_Convention" title="Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention">Worst Forms of Child Labour</a> (1999)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_forest_certification_systems">National forest certification systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: National forest certification systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PEFC only recognizes forests certified to standards that have been reviewed and endorsed by PEFC.<sup id="cite_ref-Rotherham_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rotherham-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>National forest certification systems that wish to be recognized by are required to set standards keeping with the requirements of ISO/IEC Guide 59:1994 Code of good practice<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for standardization. National standards must be developed by so-called <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Governing_Bodies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Governing Bodies (page does not exist)">National Governing Bodies</a>, and meet requirements for <a href="/wiki/Transparency_(behavior)" title="Transparency (behavior)">transparency</a>, consultation and decision-making by <a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">consensus</a>. These guidelines also outline processes for revising and amending standards, and provide those who utilise the standard with the security of future certainty.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endorsements">Endorsements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Endorsements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All PEFC-endorsed standards have been subjected to public review during their development. National forest certification systems wanting to obtain PEFC endorsement are subject to an independent assessment to ensure that it meets the PEFC requirements for the standards development process, public review and forest management requirements. The consultant's report is reviewed by an independent Panel of Experts and the PEFC Board, and if satisfactory, the new standard is approved by the PEFC members as a PEFC-endorsed standard.<sup id="cite_ref-Rotherham_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rotherham-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To ensure the independence of the certification bodies, they are not accredited by PEFC itself, but by a national accreditation agency. </p><p>In line with its commitment to transparency, PEFC makes its entire documentation of national forest certification system, including the independent assessments, publicly available. Information about all issued certificates, including information about suspended, withdrawn and expired certificates, is publicly available on the PEFC website.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Countries">Countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Countries with PEFC endorsed national certification systems include: <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak Republic">Slovak Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viet_Nam" class="mw-redirect" title="Viet Nam">Viet Nam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_and_alternative_certification_schemes">Criticism and alternative certification schemes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Criticism and alternative certification schemes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Forest_Stewardship_Council" title="Forest Stewardship Council">Forest Stewardship Council</a> is the main alternative forest certification system. Mutual recognition of FSC and PEFC certified material in the chain of custody has not yet happened. However, FSC and PEFC use the same forest management standard in countries such as the United Kingdom, Switzerland and Norway; Malaysia has submitted its timber certification scheme for PEFC endorsement that is largely based on FSC principles and criteria.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several environmental non-governmental organizations, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Wilderness_Society_(Australia)" title="The Wilderness Society (Australia)">The Wilderness Society</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/FERN" title="FERN">FERN</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have criticized the PEFC. Greenpeace does not believe alternatives to the FSC, including PEFC, can ensure responsible forest management. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_by_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Deforestation by region">Deforestation by region</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-timber.unece.org-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-timber.unece.org_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/timber/publications/Final_FPAMR2009.pdf">Forest Products Annual Market Review, 2008-2009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://cdn.pefc.org/pefc.org/media/2022-08/7946f8ab-2f16-48c6-9b73-e5cd5e56d47d/89737fba-0954-5022-bdcd-029270ae5c4c.pdf">https://cdn.pefc.org/pefc.org/media/2022-08/7946f8ab-2f16-48c6-9b73-e5cd5e56d47d/89737fba-0954-5022-bdcd-029270ae5c4c.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170811011647/http://pefc.org/resources/webinar/747-pefc-global-certification-forest-management-chain-of-custody">"PEFC Global Certification: Forest Management & Chain of Custody - Presentations & Speeches"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pefc.org/resources/webinar/747-pefc-global-certification-forest-management-chain-of-custody">the original</a> on 2017-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PEFC+Global+Certification%3A+Forest+Management+%26+Chain+of+Custody+-+Presentations+%26+Speeches&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpefc.org%2Fresources%2Fwebinar%2F747-pefc-global-certification-forest-management-chain-of-custody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgramme+for+the+Endorsement+of+Forest+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/timber/publications/FPAMR_2012.pdf">UNECE/FAO Forest Annual Market Review 2011-2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itto.int/direct/topics/topics_pdf_download/topics_id=40920000&no=1&disp=inline">ITTO Technical Series 29: Developing Forest Certification (May 2008)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pefc.org-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pefc.org_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pefc.org_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pefc.org/resources/technical-documentation/pefc-international-standards-2010/item/download/292">Sustainable Forest Management (PEFC ST 1003:2010)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326164132/http://pefc.org/resources/technical-documentation/pefc-international-standards-2010/item/download/292">Archived</a> 2012-03-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181030133651/http://www.mcpfe.org/files/u1/lisbon_resolution_l2.pdf">Pan-European Criteria, Indicators and Operational Level Guidelines for Sustainable Forest Management</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itto.or.jp/live/Live_Server/155/ps14e.pdf">ATO/ITTO Principles, criteria and indicators for the sustainable forest management of African natural tropical forests (ATO/ITTO)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071112185258/http://www.itto.or.jp/live/Live_Server/155/ps14e.pdf">Archived</a> 2007-11-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itto.or.jp/live/Live_Server/963/ps15e.pdf">ITTO guidelines on sustainable forest management</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217063432/http://www.itto.or.jp/live/Live_Server/963/ps15e.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-12-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rotherham-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rotherham_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rotherham_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRotherham2011" class="citation journal cs1">Rotherham, Tony (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140605121905/http://www.twosides.us/Content/rsPDF_206.pdf">"Forest management certification around the world – Progress and problems"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Forestry Chronicle</i>. <b>87</b> (5): 603–611. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5558%2Ftfc2011-067">10.5558/tfc2011-067</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twosides.us/Content/rsPDF_206.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Forestry+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Forest+management+certification+around+the+world+%E2%80%93+Progress+and+problems&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=603-611&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5558%2Ftfc2011-067&rft.aulast=Rotherham&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twosides.us%2FContent%2FrsPDF_206.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgramme+for+the+Endorsement+of+Forest+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/23390.html">ISO - ISO/IEC Guide 59:1994 - Code of good practice for standardization</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itsglobal.net/sites/default/files/itsglobal/Forestry%20Certification-Sustainability%20Governance%20and%20Risk%20%282011%29.pdf">Forestry Certification-Sustainability Governance and Risk. ITS Global (2011)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130619224011/http://www.itsglobal.net/sites/default/files/itsglobal/Forestry%20Certification-Sustainability%20Governance%20and%20Risk%20%282011%29.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-06-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170811010853/http://www.pefc.org/resources/technical-documentation/national-standards">"Documentation of PEFC-endorsed national forest certification systems"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pefc.org/resources/technical-documentation/national-standards">the original</a> on 2017-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Documentation+of+PEFC-endorsed+national+forest+certification+systems&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pefc.org%2Fresources%2Ftechnical-documentation%2Fnational-standards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgramme+for+the+Endorsement+of+Forest+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170811011746/http://pefc.org/resources/brochures/organizational-documents/422-pefc-endorsed-national-forest-certification-systems">"List of PEFC-endorsed national forest certification systems"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pefc.org/resources/brochures/organizational-documents/422-pefc-endorsed-national-forest-certification-systems">the original</a> on 2017-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+PEFC-endorsed+national+forest+certification+systems&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpefc.org%2Fresources%2Fbrochures%2Forganizational-documents%2F422-pefc-endorsed-national-forest-certification-systems&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgramme+for+the+Endorsement+of+Forest+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtcc.com.my/documents_downloads/Malaysian%20Criteria%20and%20Indicators%20for%20Forest%20Management%20Certification%20%5BMC&I(2002)%5D.pdf">Malaysian Criteria and Indicators for Forest Management Certification - MC&I(2002)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327043053/http://www.mtcc.com.my/documents_downloads/Malaysian%20Criteria%20and%20Indicators%20for%20Forest%20Management%20Certification%20%5BMC%26I%282002%29%5D.pdf">Archived</a> 2010-03-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wilderness.org.au/campaigns/forests/pefc-approved/?searchterm=%20pefc">'PEFC-approved' - the unsustainable stamp of approval</a> May 21, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.wilderness.org.au/archive/pdf/your-guide-to-ethical-copy-paper.pdf">"Your guide to ethical copy paper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <q>Avoid the following brandings: FSC Mixed Sources ...PEFC (including AFS) – Poor governance, includes wood from badly managed forests, linked to world's worst forestry practices ... in Australia</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Your+guide+to+ethical+copy+paper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.wilderness.org.au%2Farchive%2Fpdf%2Fyour-guide-to-ethical-copy-paper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgramme+for+the+Endorsement+of+Forest+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/forests/solutions/alternatives-to-forest-destruc/Weaker-Certification-Schemes/">"Weaker Certification Schemes"</a>. <i>Greenpeace</i>. Greenpeace. 3 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2016</span>. <q>Greenpeace International does not believe that other forest certification systems, such as PEFC have the ability to ensure responsible forest management. These systems lack robust requirements to protect social and ecological values.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greenpeace&rft.atitle=Weaker+Certification+Schemes&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Finternational%2Fen%2Fcampaigns%2Fforests%2Fsolutions%2Falternatives-to-forest-destruc%2FWeaker-Certification-Schemes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgramme+for+the+Endorsement+of+Forest+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenpeace_Southeast_Asia" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenpeace.org/southeastasia/press/591/greenpeace-ran-warn-of-forest-certification-greenwash">"Greenpeace, RAN warn of forest certification greenwash"</a>. <i>Greenpeace Southeast Asia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greenpeace+Southeast+Asia&rft.atitle=Greenpeace%2C+RAN+warn+of+forest+certification+greenwash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Fsoutheastasia%2Fpress%2F591%2Fgreenpeace-ran-warn-of-forest-certification-greenwash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgramme+for+the+Endorsement+of+Forest+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pefcwatch.org/">www.pefcwatch.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070504054650/http://www.pefcwatch.org/">Archived</a> 2007-05-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> is a collaboration between the Finnish Nature League and Greenpeace</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenpeace.org/international/publication/46812/destruction-certified/">"Destruction: Certified"</a>. <i>greenpeace.org</i>. Greenpeace International. 10 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=greenpeace.org&rft.atitle=Destruction%3A+Certified&rft.date=2021-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Finternational%2Fpublication%2F46812%2Fdestruction-certified%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgramme+for+the+Endorsement+of+Forest+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924011930/http://www.fern.org/search/apachesolr_search/pefc">Fern articles about PEFC</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pefc.org/">Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Forestry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Index_of_forestry_articles" title="Index of forestry articles">Index</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_forest_area" title="List of countries by forest area">Forest areas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_forestry_ministries" title="List of forestry ministries">Ministries</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_forest_research_institutes" title="List of forest research institutes">Research institutes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_forestry_universities_and_colleges" title="List of forestry universities and colleges">Colleges</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_forestry_journals" title="List of forestry journals">Journals</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arbor_Day" title="Arbor Day">Arbor Day</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agroforestry" title="Agroforestry">Agroforestry</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dehesa" title="Dehesa">dehesa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog forestry">Analog forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_cultivation" title="Bamboo cultivation">Bamboo forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_to_nature_forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Close to nature forestry">Close to nature forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_forestry" title="Community forestry">Community forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoforestry" title="Ecoforestry">Ecoforestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_forestry" title="Energy forestry">Energy forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycoforestry" title="Mycoforestry">Mycoforestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permaforestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Permaforestry">Permaforestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_plantation" title="Tree plantation">Plantation forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_forestry_in_India" title="Social forestry in India">Social forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable forestry">Sustainable forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forest" title="Urban forest">Urban forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forestry" title="Urban forestry">Urban forestry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forest_ecology" title="Forest ecology">Ecology</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Forest_management" title="Forest management">management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arboriculture" title="Arboriculture">Arboriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled_burn" title="Controlled burn">Controlled burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debris" title="Debris">Debris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coarse_woody_debris" title="Coarse woody debris">coarse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driftwood" title="Driftwood">driftwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_woody_debris" title="Large woody debris">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_jam" title="Log jam">log jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash_(logging)" title="Slash (logging)">slash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrology" title="Dendrology">Dendrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_thinning" title="Ecological thinning">Ecological thinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even_aged_timber_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Even aged timber management">Even-aged management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_ecology" title="Fire ecology">Fire ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">Forest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forest_dynamics" title="Forest dynamics">dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_informatics" title="Forest informatics">informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_integrated_pest_management" title="Forest integrated pest management">IPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_inventory" title="Forest inventory">inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_governance" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest governance">governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_law" title="Forestry law">law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Forest_Information_Service" title="Global Forest Information Service">Global Forest Information Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old-growth_forest" title="Old-growth forest">old-growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_pathology" title="Forest pathology">pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_protection" title="Forest protection">protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_restoration" title="Forest restoration">restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_forest" title="Secondary forest">secondary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_stand" title="Forest stand">stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_transition" title="Forest transition">transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trillion_Tree_Campaign" title="Trillion Tree Campaign">Trillion Tree Campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certified_wood" title="Certified wood">Forest certification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tree_farm#American_Tree_Farm_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree farm">ATFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CarbonFix_Standard" title="CarbonFix Standard">CFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Stewardship_Council#Standards,_certification_and_accreditation" title="Forest Stewardship Council">FSC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PEFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Forestry_Initiative" title="Sustainable Forestry Initiative">SFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainforest_Alliance#Sustainable_forestry_certification" title="Rainforest Alliance">SmartWood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Carbon_Code" title="Woodland Carbon Code">Woodland Carbon Code</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestation" class="mw-redirect" title="Forestation">Forestation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afforestation" title="Afforestation">afforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reforestation" title="Reforestation">reforestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_formally_designated_forests" title="List of types of formally designated forests">Formally designated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_and_yield_modelling" title="Growth and yield modelling">Growth and yield modelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">Horticulture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_tree" title="Genetically modified tree">GM trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Tree" title="I-Tree">i-Tree</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_reforestation" title="Urban reforestation">urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silviculture" title="Silviculture">Silviculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_forest_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable forest management">Sustainable management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">Tree</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tree_allometry" title="Tree allometry">allometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_breeding" title="Tree breeding">breeding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_measurement" title="Tree measurement">Tree measurement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tree_crown_measurement" title="Tree crown measurement">crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_girth_measurement" title="Tree girth measurement">girth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_height_measurement" title="Tree height measurement">height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_volume_measurement" title="Tree volume measurement">volume</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environmental<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_rain#Forests_and_other_vegetation" title="Acid rain">Acid rain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_sequestration" title="Carbon sequestration">Carbon sequestration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearcutting" title="Clearcutting">Clearcutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecosystem_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecosystem services">Ecosystem services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_degradation" title="Forest degradation">Forest degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_dieback" title="Forest dieback">Forest dieback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_fragmentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest fragmentation">Forest fragmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_forest" title="Ghost forest">Ghost forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Green_Wall_(Africa)" title="Great Green Wall (Africa)">Great Green Wall (Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Green_Wall_(China)" title="Great Green Wall (China)">Great Green Wall (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_grading" title="High grading">High grading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">Illegal logging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timber_mafia" title="Timber mafia">timber mafia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasive_species#Forestry" title="Invasive species">Invasive species</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilding_conifer" title="Wilding conifer">wilding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Tree_Initiative" title="Million Tree Initiative">Million Tree Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reducing_emissions_from_deforestation_and_forest_degradation" class="mw-redirect" title="Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation">REDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifting_cultivation" title="Shifting cultivation">Shifting cultivation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chitemene" title="Chitemene">chitemene</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash-and-burn" title="Slash-and-burn">slash-and-burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash-and-char" title="Slash-and-char">slash-and-char</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svedjebruk" class="mw-redirect" title="Svedjebruk">svedjebruk</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_recycling" title="Timber recycling">Timber recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipko_movement" title="Chipko movement">Tree hugging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forest_inequity" title="Urban forest inequity">Urban forest inequity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">Wildfire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wood_industry" title="Wood industry">Industries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coppicing" title="Coppicing">Coppicing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest farming">Forest farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest gardening">Forest gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">Logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">lumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plywood" title="Plywood">plywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">pulp and paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">sawmilling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_product" title="Forest product">Products</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biochar" title="Biochar">biochar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">charcoal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-timber_forest_product" title="Non-timber forest product">non-timber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">rayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber">rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanbark" title="Tanbark">tanbark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_railway" title="Forest railway">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree farm">Tree farm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree_cultivation" title="Christmas tree cultivation">Christmas trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engineered_wood" title="Engineered wood">engineered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_fuel" title="Wood fuel">fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">mahogany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce-pine-fir" title="Spruce-pine-fir">spruce-pine-fir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodworking" title="Woodworking">Woodworking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_woodworking" title="Green woodworking">green woodworking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forester" title="Forester">Forester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arborist" title="Arborist">Arborist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_bucking" title="Log bucking">Bucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choker_setter" title="Choker setter">Choker setter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_ecology" title="Forest ecology">Ecologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felling" title="Felling">Feller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildland_firefighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildland firefighter">Firefighter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handcrew" title="Handcrew">handcrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interagency_hotshot_crew" class="mw-redirect" title="Interagency hotshot crew">hotshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lookout" title="Fire lookout">lookout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokejumper" title="Smokejumper">smokejumper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_driving" title="Log driving">River driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logging_truck" title="Logging truck">Truck driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_scaler" title="Log scaler">Log scaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumberjack" title="Lumberjack">Lumberjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_ranger" title="Park ranger">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resin_extraction" title="Resin extraction">Resin tapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_tapping" title="Rubber tapping">Rubber tapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingle_weaver" title="Shingle weaver">Shingle weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_inventory" title="Forest inventory">Timber cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_planting" title="Tree planting">Tree planter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_processing" title="Wood processing">Wood process engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Forestry" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Forestry">WikiProject</a></b></li> <li><b><span 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