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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Typhoid vaccine</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Ty21a">Ty21a</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vivotif-typhoid-live-oral-vaccine.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Vivotif-typhoid-live-oral-vaccine.JPG/220px-Vivotif-typhoid-live-oral-vaccine.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Vivotif-typhoid-live-oral-vaccine.JPG/330px-Vivotif-typhoid-live-oral-vaccine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Vivotif-typhoid-live-oral-vaccine.JPG/440px-Vivotif-typhoid-live-oral-vaccine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2566" data-file-height="2302" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">Vaccine description</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">Typhoid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vaccine#Types" title="Vaccine">Vaccine type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">Attenuated</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Vivotif</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oral</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J07" title="ATC code J07">J07AP01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J07AP01">WHO</a></span>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr></small>: Unscheduled</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">POM</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">℞-only</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1704529-13-4">1704529-13-4</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">  <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=449938078&page2=Ty21a">(verify)</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ty21a</b> is a live <a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">attenuated bacterial vaccine</a> that protects against <a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">typhoid</a>. First licensed in Europe in 1983 and in the United States in 1989, it is an orally administered, live-attenuated Ty2 strain of S. Typhi in which multiple genes, including the genes responsible for the production of Vi, have been <a href="/wiki/Deletion_(genetics)" title="Deletion (genetics)">deleted</a> so as to render it harmless but nevertheless <a href="/wiki/Immunogenicity" title="Immunogenicity">immunogenic</a>. It is one of the three <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_vaccine" title="Typhoid vaccine">typhoid vaccines</a> currently recommended by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (the other two being the Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV) and <a href="/wiki/Vi_capsular_polysaccharide_vaccine" title="Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine">Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vaccine is given by mouth. The vaccine is presented either as <a href="/wiki/Enteric_coating" title="Enteric coating">enteric coated</a> capsules or as a liquid suspension. The vaccine must be stored at 2 to 8 °C, but will retain its potency for 14 days at 25 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2007_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2007-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ty21a&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vaccine offers a statistically significant protection for the first seven years.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vaccine is most commonly used to protect travelers to endemic countries, but some agencies claim that the vaccine could be used in large scale public prevention programs.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2007_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2007-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vi_capsular_polysaccharide_vaccine" title="Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine">Vi polysaccharide vaccine</a> is also effective at preventing typhoid fever.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dosing">Dosing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ty21a&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dosing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The recommended dose varies according to country and preparation. At least three doses are required for protection.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the US and Canada, an initial course of 4 doses on alternate days is recommended. Full protection is achieved 7 days after the last dose. In the US, a booster dose is recommended after 5 years. In Canada, a booster dose is recommended after 7 years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Australia and Europe, an initial course of 3 doses on alternate days is recommended. Protection is achieved 7 days after the last dose. A booster dose is recommended every 3 years for people living in endemic areas, but every year for people traveling from non-endemic to endemic areas.<sup id="cite_ref-GreenBook_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreenBook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_effects">Side effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ty21a&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Side effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Side effects of this vaccine are mild and rare.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trade_names">Trade names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ty21a&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Trade names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Vivotif (manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Emergent_BioSolutions" title="Emergent BioSolutions">Emergent BioSolutions</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ty21a&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ty21a may also provide some degree of protection against <a href="/wiki/Paratyphoid_fever" title="Paratyphoid fever">paratyphoid fever</a> A and B.<sup id="cite_ref-Levine2007_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levine2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This cross-protection by a typhoid vaccine is most likely due to <a href="/wiki/O_antigen" class="mw-redirect" title="O antigen">O antigens</a> shared between different <i>S. enterica</i> serotypes.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitaker2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitaker2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A newer <a href="/wiki/Vi_capsular_polysaccharide_vaccine" title="Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine">Vi-rEPA vaccine</a> is being tested for preventing typhoid fever. It has a similar level of protection, but the protection may last longer with this newer vaccine.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ty21a&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/immunization/policy/position_papers/PP_typhoid_2018_summary.pdf">"WHO position paper on typhoid Vaccines, March 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>World Health Organization</i>. March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=WHO+position+paper+on+typhoid+Vaccines%2C+March+2018&rft.date=2018-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fimmunization%2Fpolicy%2Fposition_papers%2FPP_typhoid_2018_summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATy21a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO2007-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2007_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2007_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2008" class="citation journal cs1">World Health Organization (February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/wer/2008/wer8306.pdf">"Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire</i>. <b>83</b> (6): 49–59. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18260212">18260212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Relev%C3%A9+%C3%89pid%C3%A9miologique+Hebdomadaire&rft.atitle=Typhoid+vaccines%3A+WHO+position+paper&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=49-59&rft.date=2008-02&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18260212&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fwer%2F2008%2Fwer8306.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATy21a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilliganPaulRichardsonNeuberger2018" class="citation journal cs1">Milligan R, Paul M, Richardson M, Neuberger A (May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6494485">"Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever"</a>. <i>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>. <b>2018</b> (5): CD001261. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD001261.pub4">10.1002/14651858.CD001261.pub4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6494485">6494485</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29851031">29851031</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Vaccines+for+preventing+typhoid+fever&rft.volume=2018&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=CD001261&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6494485%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29851031&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD001261.pub4&rft.aulast=Milligan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Paul%2C+M&rft.au=Richardson%2C+M&rft.au=Neuberger%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6494485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATy21a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/initiative/tools/Typhoid_vaccine_rates_information_sheet.pdf">"World Health Organization Information sheet: Observed rate of vaccine reactions- Typhoid Vaccine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>WHO</i>. April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WHO&rft.atitle=World+Health+Organization+Information+sheet%3A+Observed+rate+of+vaccine+reactions-+Typhoid+Vaccine&rft.date=2014-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fvaccine_safety%2Finitiative%2Ftools%2FTyphoid_vaccine_rates_information_sheet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATy21a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreenBook-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GreenBook_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalisburyRamsayNoakes2006" class="citation book cs1">Salisbury D, Ramsay M, Noakes K (2006-12-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_125348.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Chapter 33: Typhoid"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Immunisation against infectious disease</i>. Department of Health. p. 418. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-11-322528-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-11-322528-8"><bdi>0-11-322528-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%22Chapter+33%3A+Typhoid%22&rft.btitle=Immunisation+against+infectious+disease&rft.pages=418&rft.pub=Department+of+Health&rft.date=2006-12-11&rft.isbn=0-11-322528-8&rft.aulast=Salisbury&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Ramsay%2C+M&rft.au=Noakes%2C+K&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dh.gov.uk%2Fprod_consum_dh%2Fgroups%2Fdh_digitalassets%2F%40dh%2F%40en%2Fdocuments%2Fdigitalasset%2Fdh_125348.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATy21a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emergentbiosolutions.com/products-services/our-products/">"Our Products"</a>. <i>Emergent BioSolutions</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Emergent+BioSolutions&rft.atitle=Our+Products&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emergentbiosolutions.com%2Fproducts-services%2Four-products%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATy21a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levine2007-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Levine2007_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevineFerreccioBlackLagos2007" class="citation journal cs1">Levine MM, Ferreccio C, Black RE, Lagos R, San Martin O, Blackwelder WC (July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F518141">"Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine and prevention of paratyphoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B"</a>. <i>Clinical Infectious Diseases</i>. <b>45</b> (Suppl 1): S24–S28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F518141">10.1086/518141</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17582564">17582564</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Ty21a+live+oral+typhoid+vaccine+and+prevention+of+paratyphoid+fever+caused+by+Salmonella+enterica+Serovar+Paratyphi+B&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.pages=S24-S28&rft.date=2007-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F518141&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17582564&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=MM&rft.au=Ferreccio%2C+C&rft.au=Black%2C+RE&rft.au=Lagos%2C+R&rft.au=San+Martin%2C+O&rft.au=Blackwelder%2C+WC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F518141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATy21a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitaker2009-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitaker2009_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitakerFranco-Paredesdel_RioEdupuganti2009" class="citation journal cs1">Whitaker JA, Franco-Paredes C, del Rio C, Edupuganti S (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1708-8305.2008.00273.x">"Rethinking typhoid fever vaccines: implications for travelers and people living in highly endemic areas"</a>. <i>Journal of Travel Medicine</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 46–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1708-8305.2008.00273.x">10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00273.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19192128">19192128</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Travel+Medicine&rft.atitle=Rethinking+typhoid+fever+vaccines%3A+implications+for+travelers+and+people+living+in+highly+endemic+areas&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=46-52&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1708-8305.2008.00273.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19192128&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=Franco-Paredes%2C+C&rft.au=del+Rio%2C+C&rft.au=Edupuganti%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1708-8305.2008.00273.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATy21a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ty21a&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paxvax.com/typhoid-vivotif">Manufacturer's Product Page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170612003031/http://www.paxvax.com/typhoid-vivotif">Archived</a> 2017-06-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant" title="Immunologic adjuvant">Adjuvants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_ingredients" title="Vaccine ingredients">Vaccine ingredients</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vaccine_excipients" title="List of vaccine excipients">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_modelling_of_infectious_diseases" title="Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases">Mathematical modelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_storage" title="Vaccine storage">Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_vaccines" title="Timeline of human vaccines">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_trial" title="Vaccine trial">Trials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conjugate_vaccine" title="Conjugate vaccine">Conjugate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine" title="Inactivated vaccine">Inactivated</a></li> <li>Live <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">Attenuated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterologous_vaccine" title="Heterologous vaccine">Heterologous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subunit_vaccine" title="Subunit vaccine">Subunit/component</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peptide_vaccine" title="Peptide vaccine">Peptide</a> / <a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_vaccine" title="Synthetic vaccine">Synthetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_vaccine" title="DNA vaccine">DNA</a> / <a href="/wiki/MRNA_vaccine" title="MRNA vaccine">mRNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_vaccines" title="Therapeutic vaccines">Therapeutic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxoid" title="Toxoid">Toxoid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Global: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GAVI" title="GAVI">GAVI Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immunization_Technical_Advisory_Group" title="National Immunization Technical Advisory Group">NITAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Advisory_Group_of_Experts" title="Strategic Advisory Group of Experts">SAGE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_wastage" title="Vaccine wastage">Vaccine wastage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccination_policy" title="Vaccination policy">Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccination_schedule" title="Vaccination schedule">Schedule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_adverse_event" title="Vaccine adverse event">Vaccine injury</a></li></ul></li> <li>US: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Immunization_Practices" title="Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices">ACIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vaccine_Injury_Compensation_Program" title="National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program">Vaccine court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccines_for_Children_Program" title="Vaccines for Children Program">Vaccines for Children Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Adverse_Event_Reporting_System" title="Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System">VAERS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Safety_Datalink" title="Vaccine Safety Datalink">VSD</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vaccines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bacterial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthrax_vaccine" title="Anthrax vaccine">Anthrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brucellosis_vaccine" title="Brucellosis vaccine">Brucellosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholera_vaccine" title="Cholera vaccine">Cholera</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphtheria_vaccine" title="Diphtheria vaccine">Diphtheria</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hib_vaccine" title="Hib vaccine">Hib</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptospirosis#Prevention" title="Leptospirosis">Leptospirosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyme_disease#Vaccination" title="Lyme disease">Lyme disease</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meningococcal_vaccine" title="Meningococcal vaccine">Meningococcus</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MeNZB" title="MeNZB">MeNZB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135" title="NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135">NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertussis_vaccine" title="Pertussis vaccine">Pertussis</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plague_vaccine" title="Plague vaccine">Plague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumococcal_vaccine" title="Pneumococcal vaccine">Pneumococcal</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine" title="Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine">PCV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumococcal_polysaccharide_vaccine" title="Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine">PPSV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_fever#Prevention" title="Q fever">Q fever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetanus_vaccine" title="Tetanus vaccine">Tetanus</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis_vaccines" title="Tuberculosis vaccines">Tuberculosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BCG_vaccine" title="BCG vaccine">BCG</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoid_vaccine" title="Typhoid vaccine">Typhoid</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ty21a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi_capsular_polysaccharide_vaccine" title="Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine">ViCPS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhus_vaccine" title="Typhus vaccine">Typhus</a></li> <li>combination: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DPT_vaccine" title="DPT vaccine">DPT/DTwP/DTaP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetanus_vaccine" title="Tetanus vaccine">Td/Tdap</a></li></ul></li> <li>research: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_infection#Research" title="Clostridioides difficile infection">Clostridioides difficile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_B_streptococcal_infection#Vaccine" title="Group B streptococcal infection">Group B streptococcal disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigellosis#Vaccine" title="Shigellosis">Shigellosis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenovirus_vaccine" title="Adenovirus vaccine">Adenovirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikungunya_vaccine" title="Chikungunya vaccine">Chikungunya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_vaccine" title="Ebola vaccine">Ebola</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RVSV-ZEBOV_vaccine" title="RVSV-ZEBOV vaccine">rVSV-ZEBOV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influenza_vaccine" title="Influenza vaccine">Flu</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_vaccine" title="2009 swine flu pandemic vaccine">H1N1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pandemrix" title="Pandemrix">Pandemrix</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H5N1_vaccine" title="H5N1 vaccine">H5N1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H5N8_vaccine" title="H5N8 vaccine">H5N8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_attenuated_influenza_vaccine" title="Live attenuated influenza vaccine">LAIV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantavirus_vaccine" title="Hantavirus vaccine">Hantavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_A_vaccine" title="Hepatitis A vaccine">Hepatitis A</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B_vaccine" title="Hepatitis B vaccine">Hepatitis B</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_E#Vaccines" title="Hepatitis E">Hepatitis E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HPV_vaccine" title="HPV vaccine">HPV</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervarix" title="Cervarix">Cervarix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardasil" title="Gardasil">Gardasil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_encephalitis_vaccine" title="Japanese encephalitis vaccine">Japanese encephalitis</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Measles_vaccine" title="Measles vaccine">Measles</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpox_vaccine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpox vaccine">Mpox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumps_vaccine" title="Mumps vaccine">Mumps</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polio_vaccine" title="Polio vaccine">Polio</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polio_vaccine#Attenuated" title="Polio vaccine">Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polio_vaccine#Inactivated" title="Polio vaccine">Salk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabies_vaccine" title="Rabies vaccine">Rabies</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotavirus_vaccine" title="Rotavirus vaccine">Rotavirus</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubella_vaccine" title="Rubella vaccine">Rubella</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">SARS-CoV-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corbevax" title="Corbevax">Corbevax</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Bharat Biotech</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">CanSino</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">CoronaVac</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EpiVacCorona" title="EpiVacCorona">EpiVacCorona</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">Novavax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–GSK</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm BIBP</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skycovione" title="Skycovione">Skycovione</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Valneva COVID-19 vaccine">Valneva</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virus_vaccine" title="Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine">Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallpox_vaccine" title="Smallpox vaccine">Smallpox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tick-borne_encephalitis_vaccine" title="Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine">Tick-borne encephalitis</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li>Varicella zoster <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varicella_vaccine" title="Varicella vaccine">Chicken pox</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoster_vaccine" title="Zoster vaccine">Shingles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever_vaccine" title="Yellow fever vaccine">Yellow fever</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li>combination: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_A_and_B_vaccine" title="Hepatitis A and B vaccine">Hepatitis A and B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine" title="MMR vaccine">MMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMRV_vaccine" title="MMRV vaccine">MMRV</a></li></ul></li> <li>research: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytomegalovirus_vaccine" title="Cytomegalovirus vaccine">Cytomegalovirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengue_vaccine" title="Dengue vaccine">Dengue</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epstein%E2%80%93Barr_virus_vaccine" title="Epstein–Barr virus vaccine">Epstein–Barr virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C_vaccine" title="Hepatitis C vaccine">Hepatitis C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpes_simplex_research" title="Herpes simplex research">Herpes simplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV_vaccine_development" title="HIV vaccine development">HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zika_virus_vaccine" title="Zika virus vaccine">Zika</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protozoan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaria_vaccine" title="Malaria vaccine">Malaria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RTS,S" title="RTS,S">RTS,S</a></li></ul></li> <li>research: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trypanosomiasis_vaccine" title="Trypanosomiasis vaccine">Trypanosomiasis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Helminthiasis" title="Helminthiasis">Helminthiasis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>research: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hookworm_vaccine" title="Hookworm vaccine">Hookworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schistosomiasis_vaccine" title="Schistosomiasis vaccine">Schistosomiasis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androvax" title="Androvax">Androvax (androstenedione albumin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_vaccine" title="Cancer vaccine">Cancer vaccines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALVAC-CEA_vaccine" title="ALVAC-CEA vaccine">ALVAC-CEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCG_vaccine" title="BCG vaccine">BCG</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B_vaccine" title="Hepatitis B vaccine">Hepatitis B</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HPV_vaccine" title="HPV vaccine">HPV</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervarix" title="Cervarix">Cervarix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardasil" title="Gardasil">Gardasil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostvac" title="Prostvac">Prostvac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NicVAX" title="NicVAX">NicVAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovandrotone_albumin" title="Ovandrotone albumin">Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TA-CD" title="TA-CD">TA-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TA-NIC" title="TA-NIC">TA-NIC</a></li> <li>combination: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DTaP-IPV/Hib_vaccine" title="DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine">DTaP-IPV/Hib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTaP-IPV-HepB_vaccine" title="DTaP-IPV-HepB vaccine">DTaP-IPV-HepB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTwP-HepB-Hib_vaccine" title="DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccine">DTwP-HepB-Hib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexavalent_vaccine" title="Hexavalent vaccine">Hexavalent vaccine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inventors/<br />researchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Jenner" title="Edward Jenner">Edward Jenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Koprowski" title="Hilary Koprowski">Hilary Koprowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Jonas Salk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Franklin Enders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hilleman" title="Maurice Hilleman">Maurice Hilleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Plotkin" title="Stanley Plotkin">Stanley Plotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Fred_Clark" title="H. Fred Clark">H. Fred Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Offit" title="Paul Offit">Paul Offit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy" title="Vaccine hesitancy">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism" title="MMR vaccine and autism">MMR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lancet_MMR_autism_fraud" title="Lancet MMR autism fraud"><i>Lancet</i> MMR autism fraud</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Childhood_Vaccine_Injury_Act" title="National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act">NCVIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pox_party" title="Pox party">Pox party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiomersal_and_vaccines" title="Thiomersal and vaccines">Thiomersal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccines_and_SIDS" title="Vaccines and SIDS">Vaccines and SIDS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cedillo_v._Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services">Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_vaccination_schedule" title="Alternative vaccination schedule">Alternative vaccination schedule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_infectious_diseases" title="Eradication of infectious diseases">Eradication of infectious diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccinate_Your_Family" title="Vaccinate Your Family">Vaccinate Your Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vaccine_topics" title="List of vaccine topics">List of vaccine topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syringe_with_Green_Fluid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Syringe_with_Green_Fluid.jpg/35px-Syringe_with_Green_Fluid.jpg" decoding="async" width="35" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Syringe_with_Green_Fluid.jpg/53px-Syringe_with_Green_Fluid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Syringe_with_Green_Fluid.jpg/70px-Syringe_with_Green_Fluid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccines</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vaccination" title="Vaccination">vaccination</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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