Irregular migration, return and immigration detention | European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights

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"vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--1" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fundamental-rights" class="menu__link">What are fundamental rights ?</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fundamental-rights" class="menu__link">What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/0-preamble" class="menu__link">Preamble</a> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-i-dignity" class="menu__link">Title I: Dignity</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/1-human-dignity" class="menu__link">1 - Human dignity</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/2-right-life" class="menu__link">2 - Right to life</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/3-right-integrity-person" class="menu__link">3 - Right to integrity of the person</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/4-prohibition-torture-and-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment" class="menu__link">4 - Prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/5-prohibition-slavery-and-forced-labour" class="menu__link">5 - Slavery / Forced Labour</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-ii-freedoms" class="menu__link">Title II: Freedoms</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/6-right-liberty-and-security" class="menu__link">6 - Right to liberty and security</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/7-respect-private-and-family-life" class="menu__link">7 - Respect for private and family life</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a 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href="/en/eu-charter/article/14-right-education" class="menu__link">14 - Right to education</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/15-freedom-choose-occupation-and-right-engage-work" class="menu__link">15 - Freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/16-freedom-conduct-business" class="menu__link">16 - Freedom to conduct a business</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/17-right-property" class="menu__link">17 - Right to property</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/18-right-asylum" class="menu__link">18 - Right to asylum</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/19-protection-event-removal-expulsion-or-extradition" class="menu__link">19 - Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a 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class="menu__link">25 - The rights of the elderly</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/26-integration-persons-disabilities" class="menu__link">26 - Integration of persons with disabilities</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-iv-solidarity" class="menu__link">Title IV: Solidarity</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/27-workers-right-information-and-consultation-within-undertaking" class="menu__link">27 - Workers' right to information and consultation within the undertaking</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/28-right-collective-bargaining-and-action" class="menu__link">28 - Right of collective bargaining and action</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/29-right-access-placement-services" class="menu__link">29 - Right of access to placement services</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/30-protection-event-unjustified-dismissal" class="menu__link">30 - Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/31-fair-and-just-working-conditions" class="menu__link">31 - Fair and just working conditions</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/32-prohibition-child-labour-and-protection-young-people-work" class="menu__link">32 - Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/33-family-and-professional-life" class="menu__link">33 - Family and professional life</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/34-social-security-and-social-assistance" class="menu__link">34 - Social security and social assistance</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/35-health-care" class="menu__link">35 - Health care</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/36-access-services-general-economic-interest" class="menu__link">36 - Access to services of general economic interest</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/37-environmental-protection" class="menu__link">37 - Environmental protection</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/38-consumer-protection" class="menu__link">38 - Consumer protection</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-v-citizens-rights" class="menu__link">Title V: Citizens' rights</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/39-right-vote-and-stand-candidate-elections-european-parliament" class="menu__link">39 - Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/40-right-vote-and-stand-candidate-municipal-elections" class="menu__link">40 - Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/41-right-good-administration" class="menu__link">41 - Right to good administration</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/42-right-access-documents" class="menu__link">42 - Right of access to documents</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/43-european-ombudsman" class="menu__link">43 - European Ombudsman</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/44-right-petition" class="menu__link">44 - Right to petition</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/45-freedom-movement-and-residence" class="menu__link">45 - Freedom of movement and of residence</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/46-diplomatic-and-consular-protection" class="menu__link">46 - Diplomatic and consular protection</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-vi-justice" class="menu__link">Title VI: Justice</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/47-right-effective-remedy-and-fair-trial" class="menu__link">47 - Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/48-presumption-innocence-and-right-defence" class="menu__link">48 - Presumption of innocence and right of defence</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/49-principles-legality-and-proportionality-criminal-offences-and-penalties" class="menu__link">49 - Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/50-right-not-be-tried-or-punished-twice-criminal-proceedings-same-criminal" class="menu__link">50 - Right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings for the same criminal offence</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-vii-general-provisions" class="menu__link">Title VII: General provisions</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/51-field-application" class="menu__link">51 - Field of application</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/52-scope-and-interpretation-rights-and-principles" class="menu__link">52 - Scope and interpretation</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/53-level-protection" class="menu__link">53 - Level of protection</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/54-prohibition-abuse-rights" class="menu__link">54 - Abuse of rights</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/tools" class="menu__link">Tools</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--1" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/databases/efris/" class="menu__link">EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/databases/criminal-detention" class="menu__link">Criminal detention database</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/databases/anti-muslim-hatred/" class="menu__link">Anti-Muslim hatred database</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/case-law-database" class="menu__link">Case-law database</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/charterpedia" class="menu__link">Charterpedia</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="https://e-learning.fra.europa.eu/" class="menu__link">FRA e-learning platform</a> </li> 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href="/en/eu-charter/article/6-right-liberty-and-security" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13081"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 6 - </span>Right to liberty and security</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/7-respect-private-and-family-life" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13104"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 7 - </span>Respect for private and family life</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/8-protection-personal-data" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13127"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 8 - </span>Protection of personal data</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/9-right-marry-and-right-found-family" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13150"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 9 - </span>Right to marry and right to found a family</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/10-freedom-thought-conscience-and-religion" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12851"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 10 - </span> Freedom of thought, conscience and religion</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/11-freedom-expression-and-information" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12874"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 11 - </span> Freedom of expression and information</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/12-freedom-assembly-and-association" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12897"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 12 - </span> Freedom of assembly and of association</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/13-freedom-arts-and-sciences" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12920"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 13 - </span> Freedom of the arts and sciences</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/14-right-education" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12943"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 14 - </span> Right to education</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/15-freedom-choose-occupation-and-right-engage-work" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12966"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 15 - </span> Freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/16-freedom-conduct-business" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12989"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 16 - </span> Freedom to conduct a business</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/17-right-property" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13012"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 17 - </span> Right to property</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/18-right-asylum" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13035"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 18 - </span> Right to asylum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/19-protection-event-removal-expulsion-or-extradition" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13058"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 19 - </span> Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-iii-equality" class="FraMainChildren" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/9">Title III: Equality</a> <div class="submenu-wrapper"> <ul class="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/20-equality-law" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13173"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 20 - </span> Equality before the law</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/21-non-discrimination" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13196"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 21 - </span> Non-discrimination</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/22-cultural-religious-and-linguistic-diversity" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13219"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 22 - </span> Cultural, religious and linguistic diversity</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/23-equality-between-women-and-men" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13242"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 23 - </span> Equality between women and men</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/24-rights-child" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13265"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 24 - </span> The rights of the child</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/25-rights-elderly" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13288"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 25 - </span> The rights of the elderly</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/26-integration-persons-disabilities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13311"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 26 - </span> Integration of persons with disabilities</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-iv-solidarity" class="FraMainChildren" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/10">Title IV: Solidarity</a> <div class="submenu-wrapper"> <ul class="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/27-workers-right-information-and-consultation-within-undertaking" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13334"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 27 - </span> Workers' right to information and consultation within the undertaking</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/28-right-collective-bargaining-and-action" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13357"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 28 - </span> Right of collective bargaining and action</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/29-right-access-placement-services" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13380"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 29 - </span> Right of access to placement services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/30-protection-event-unjustified-dismissal" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13403"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 30 - </span> Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/31-fair-and-just-working-conditions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13426"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 31 - </span> Fair and just working conditions</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/32-prohibition-child-labour-and-protection-young-people-work" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13449"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 32 - </span> Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/33-family-and-professional-life" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13472"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 33 - </span> Family and professional life</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/34-social-security-and-social-assistance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13495"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 34 - </span> Social security and social assistance</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/35-health-care" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13518"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 35 - </span> Health care</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/36-access-services-general-economic-interest" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13541"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 36 - </span> Access to services of general economic interest</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/37-environmental-protection" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13564"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 37 - </span> Environmental protection</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/38-consumer-protection" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13587"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 38 - </span> Consumer protection</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-v-citizens-rights" class="FraMainChildren" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/11">Title V: Citizens' rights</a> <div class="submenu-wrapper"> <ul class="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/39-right-vote-and-stand-candidate-elections-european-parliament" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13610"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 39 - </span> Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/40-right-vote-and-stand-candidate-municipal-elections" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13633"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 40 - </span> Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/41-right-good-administration" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13656"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 41 - </span> Right to good administration</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/42-right-access-documents" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13679"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 42 - </span> Right of access to documents</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/43-european-ombudsman" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13702"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 43 - </span> European Ombudsman</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/44-right-petition" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13725"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 44 - </span> Right to petition</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/45-freedom-movement-and-residence" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13748"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 45 - </span> Freedom of movement and of residence</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/46-diplomatic-and-consular-protection" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13771"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 46 - </span> Diplomatic and consular protection</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-vi-justice" class="FraMainChildren" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/12">Title VI: Justice</a> <div class="submenu-wrapper"> <ul class="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/47-right-effective-remedy-and-fair-trial" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13794"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 47 - </span> Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/48-presumption-innocence-and-right-defence" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13817"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 48 - </span> Presumption of innocence and right of defence</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/49-principles-legality-and-proportionality-criminal-offences-and-penalties" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13840"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 49 - </span> Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/50-right-not-be-tried-or-punished-twice-criminal-proceedings-same-criminal" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13863"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 50 - </span> Right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings for the same criminal offence</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-vii-general-provisions" class="FraMainChildren" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/13">Title VII: General provisions</a> <div class="submenu-wrapper"> <ul class="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/51-field-application" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13886"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 51 - </span> Field of application</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/52-scope-and-interpretation-rights-and-principles" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13909"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 52 - </span> Scope and interpretation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/53-level-protection" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13932"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 53 - </span> Level of protection</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/54-prohibition-abuse-rights" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13955"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 54 - </span> Abuse of rights</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="top-bar-has-submenu-item tool-menuitem"> <a href="/en/tools" class="FraMegaMenuParent" target="_self" data-toggle="dropdown--main-menu-3" data-drupal-link-system-path="tools">Tools</a> <div id="dropdown--main-menu-3" class="dropdown--main-menu--pane dropdown-pane" data-dropdown data-hover-pane="false" data-position="bottom" data-close-on-click="true"> <div class="main-menu--dropdown-wrapper"> <div class="dropdown-title"> <a href="/en/tools" class="FraMegaMenuParent" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="tools">Tools</a> </div> <ul class="menu dropdown"> <li> <a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/databases/efris/" class="FraMegaMenuChildren" target="_blank">EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/databases/criminal-detention">Criminal detention database</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/databases/anti-muslim-hatred/" class="FraMegaMenuChildren" target="_blank">Anti-Muslim hatred database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/case-law-database" data-drupal-link-system-path="case-law-database">Case-law database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/charterpedia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44903">Charterpedia</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://e-learning.fra.europa.eu/">FRA e-learning platform</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/publications-and-resources/data-and-maps" data-drupal-link-system-path="publications-and-resources/data-and-maps">Data visualisation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/promising-practices-list" data-drupal-link-system-path="promising-practices-list">Equality data collection: promising practices</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/theme/hate-crime/compendium-practices" data-drupal-link-system-path="theme/hate-crime/compendium-practices">Fighting hate crime: promising practices</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li> <a href="/en/products/search?sort_by=published_at" data-toggle="dropdown--main-menu-4" data-drupal-link-query="{"sort_by":"published_at"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="products/search">Products</a> </li> </ul> <div class="top-bar-wrapper" data-open="searchModal"> <i class="fas fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i> <button id="searchButton" class="button menuSearchButton" data-toggle="searchModal" tabindex="1" value="Search"><span class="sr-only">Search</span></button> <div class="full reveal" id="searchModal" data-reveal> <div class="modal-wrapper"> <button id="closeModal" class="close-button" data-close aria-label="Close reveal" type="button"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> <h5 class="AdvancedSearch advancedSearchTitle">Search the FRA website</h5> <ul class="right"><li class="has-form"><form class="search-block-form" data-drupal-selector="search-block-form" action="/en/search/node" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-search form-item-keys js-form-item-keys form-no-label"> <label for="edit-keys" class="show-for-sr">Search</label> <input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." data-drupal-selector="edit-keys" type="search" id="edit-keys" name="keys" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" class="form-search" /> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions--2"><div class="search-wrapper"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input class="success button radius js-form-submit form-submit" data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" value="Search" /> </div> </div> </form> </ul></li> </div>  </div>  </div> </nav> <div id="block-fra-foundation-breadcrumbs" class="theme-item-Asylum block-fra-foundation-breadcrumbs block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">You are here</h2> <ul class="breadcrumbs"> <li> <a href="/en">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/work-on-rights">Work on rights</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders">Asylum, migration and borders</a> </li> <li class="current"><a href="#">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="row"> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="main-wrapper"> <main id="main" class="large-12 columns" role="main"> <div class="region-highlighted panel"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div></div> <a id="main-content"></a> <section> <div> <div id="block-fra-foundation-content" class="block-fra-foundation-content block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-themes taxonomy-term--view-mode-full ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="ThemeGroup theme-background-asylum"> <div class="ThemeGroupMain"> <div class="theme-icon-asylum field field-taxonomy-term--field-theme-css-class field-name-field-theme-css-class field-type-string field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Asylum</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-taxonomy-term--taxonomy-term-title field-name-taxonomy-term-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h1> Irregular migration, return and immigration detention </h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container"></div> </div> </div> <div class="RelatedEuCharter"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-themes-related-eu-charter view-id-themes_related_eu_charter view-display-id-themes_related_eu_charter_entity_view js-view-dom-id-86c0becc6d5eab374562f0cf88627a53344d9e5f36160b917dfc57407d219c3c"> <div class="eu-charter-white-logo"> <img src ="/themes/custom/fra_foundation/images/fra/work_on_rights/theme_eucharter_white.svg" alt="eu-charter"> </div> <header> <h2 class="related-eu-charter-title">EU Charter of Fundamental Rights</h2> </header> <div class="item-list related-eu-charter-wrapper"> <ul> <li><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><a href="/eu-charter">EU Charter of Fundamental Rights</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-info-charter-title"><div class="field-content"><a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-i-dignity" hreflang="en">Title I: Dignity</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/en/eu-charter/article/4-prohibition-torture-and-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment" hreflang="en">Article 4 - Prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment</a></span></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><a href="/eu-charter">EU Charter of Fundamental Rights</a></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-info-charter-title"><div class="field-content"><a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-ii-freedoms" hreflang="en">Title II: Freedoms</a></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/en/eu-charter/article/19-protection-event-removal-expulsion-or-extradition" hreflang="en">Article 19 - Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition</a></span></div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-fra-highlights view-id-fra_highlights view-display-id-fra_theme_highlights_entity_view js-view-dom-id-b93634df80104dbedba85ac63665ae599d70e82fc8214bdf43d9d5dc27eba020"> <header> <h2 class="themes-highlight-title">Highlights</h2> </header> <div class="item-list fra-theme-highlights-section"> <ul class="fra-theme-highlights"> <li><div data-history-node-id="44701" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-theme-highlights ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="THLImg"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2023/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2023-update" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/fra_highlights_thumb/public/fra_images/data-vis.jpg?itok=gyAeeK7h" width="555" height="370" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-publication-type field-name-field-fra-publication-type field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Periodic updates / Series</div> </div> </div> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">22</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">November</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2023</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h3> <a href="/en/publication/2023/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2023-update" hreflang="en">Forced return monitoring systems – 2023 update</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">FRA publishes annual updates on the forced return monitoring systems that EU Member States have set up under Article 8 (6) of the EU’s Return Directive (2008/115/EC). This latest update covers the period until the end of 2022.</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-action-buttons field-name-field-fra-action-buttons field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-scroll field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/search?search_api_fulltext=update&search_api_fulltext_1=forced%20return%20monitoring%20systems&search_api_fulltext_2=&type%5B0%5D=fra_publication&search_api_fulltext_3=">Read all annual updates</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-scroll field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2023/forced-return-monitoring-across-eu-2023-update">Read news item</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div data-history-node-id="42631" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-theme-highlights ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="THLImg"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-featured-image field-name-field-fra-featured-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2021/legal-aid-returned-detainees" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/fra_teaser_style/public/fra_images/adobestock_person_scales_freshidea_157167851.jpeg?itok=aos-VLfb" width="640" height="420" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-publication-type field-name-field-fra-publication-type field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Report / Paper / Summary</div> </div> </div> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">4</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">November</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2021</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h3> <a href="/en/publication/2021/legal-aid-returned-detainees" hreflang="en">Legal aid for returnees deprived of liberty</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">This report outlines to what extent legal aid is available to those held in pre-removal detention in the 27 EU Member States, and in North Macedonia and Serbia, during procedures related to their return. These involve decisions on return, on detention pending removal, the removal itself and on bans on entry. The report also examines when people are entitled to free legal aid and how this aid is funded, as well as who provides representation and various factors that limit the scope of legal aid.</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-action-buttons field-name-field-fra-action-buttons field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-scroll field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2021/effective-access-legal-aid-key-safeguard-migrants-return-proceedings">Read news item</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div data-history-node-id="24847" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-theme-highlights ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="THLImg"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-featured-image field-name-field-fra-featured-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2017/european-legal-and-policy-framework-immigration-detention-children" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/fra_teaser_style/public/fra_images/img_2188.jpg?itok=5LDzmFrE" width="640" height="420" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-publication-type field-name-field-fra-publication-type field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Report / Paper / Summary</div> </div> </div> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">22</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">June</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2017</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h3> <a href="/en/publication/2017/european-legal-and-policy-framework-immigration-detention-children" hreflang="en">European legal and policy framework on immigration detention of children</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Up to one third of migrants arriving in the European Union since the summer of 2015 have been children. The current emphasis on speedier asylum processing and making returns more effective may trigger increased use of immigration detention, possibly also affecting children. The detention of children implicates various fundamental rights and will only be in line with EU law if limited to exceptional cases. This report aims to support practitioners in implementing relevant polices in line with applicable law by outlining available safeguards against unlawful and arbitrary detention and highlighting promising practices. </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div data-history-node-id="3395" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-theme-highlights ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="THLImg"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2012/fundamental-rights-migrants-irregular-situation-european-union" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/fra_highlights_thumb/public/fra_images/fr_of_migrants_in_irregular_situation_report_cover.jpg?itok=90FN6oxN" width="555" height="370" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-publication-type field-name-field-fra-publication-type field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Report / Paper / Summary</div> </div> </div> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">21</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">November</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2011</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h3> <a href="/en/publication/2012/fundamental-rights-migrants-irregular-situation-european-union" hreflang="en">Fundamental rights of migrants in an irregular situation in the European Union</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">This report, based on comparative research on the fundamental rights situation of irregular migrants in Europe, advises on how fundamental rights should be incorporated in policies, laws and administrative practices affecting migrants in irregular situations.</div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" theme-tabs field-group-tabs-wrapper"><div data-horizontal-tabs class="horizontal-tabs clearfix"> <ul data-horizontal-tabs-list class="horizontal-tabs-list visually-hidden"></ul> <div data-horizontal-tabs-panes><input class="horizontal-tabs-active-tab" type="hidden" /> <details class="fra-theme-products js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="products" open="open"> <summary role="button" aria-controls="products" aria-expanded="true">Products</summary> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-fra-themes-recent-tabs view-id-fra_themes_recent_tabs view-display-id-theme_products_entity_view js-view-dom-id-effcee133205944b0f10e9368d6b3b1dc1d1bfce6bd1fcc148289240eaa73010"> <div class ="paginator-wrapper"> <div class="text-center"> <nav class="pager" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="pagination-heading"> <h4 id="pagination-heading" class="visually-hidden">Pagination</h4> <ul class="pagination pager__items js-pager__items"> <li class="pager__item is-active current"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Current page </span>1 </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=1" title="Go to page 2"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>2</a> </li> <li class="pager__item pager__item--next pagination-next"> <a href="?page=1" title="Go to next page" rel="next"> <span class="visually-hidden">Next page</span> <span aria-hidden="true">››</span> </a> </li> <li class="pager__item pager__item--last"> <a href="?page=1" title="Go to last page"> <span class="visually-hidden">Last page</span> <span aria-hidden="true">»</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="45904" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2025/return-hubs" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/cover_return_hub_page_1.png?itok=fjJQue9b" width="360" height="509" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Opinion / Position Paper</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">6</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">February</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2025</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2025/return-hubs" hreflang="en">Planned return hubs in third countries: EU fundamental rights law issues</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">This FRA Position Paper outlines the Agency’s position on the creation of 'return hubs' in non-EU countries for migrants who have been ordered to leave the EU. Considering the serious fundamental rights risks connected with running return hubs, this legal analysis presents the conditions that would have to be met for return hubs to respect fundamental rights and comply with EU law. These include setting up agreements with the host countries and creating independent human rights monitoring mechanisms. The position paper does not examine centres in third countries that process asylum applications.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="45657" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2024/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2024-update" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/data-vis_0.jpg?itok=ihbrfZZ7" width="360" height="353" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Periodic updates / Series</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">29</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">October</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2024</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2024/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2024-update" hreflang="en">Forced Return Monitoring Systems – 2024 update</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">FRA publishes annual updates on the forced return monitoring systems that EU Member States have set up under Article 8 (6) of the EU’s Return Directive (2008/115/EC). This latest update covers the period until the end of 2023.</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-action-buttons field-name-field-fra-action-buttons field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-scroll field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/search?search=%22forced%20return%20monitoring%20systems%22&f%5B0%5D=ct%3APublication">Read all annual updates</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-scroll field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2024/fra-notes-progress-and-challenges-forced-return-monitoring-2023">Read news item</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="44899" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2023/children-migration-fundamental-rights-european-borders" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/Children%20in%20migration%20cover.jpg?itok=ptMz97d3" width="360" height="540" alt="Children in migration: fundamental rights at European borders" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Report / Paper / Summary</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/child-protection" hreflang="en">Child protection</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/borders-and-information-systems-0" hreflang="en">Borders and information systems</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">18</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">December</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2023</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2023/children-migration-fundamental-rights-european-borders" hreflang="en">Children in migration: fundamental rights at European borders</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Council of Europe (CoE) and European Union (EU) Member States have an undeniable sovereign right to control the entry of non-nationals into their territory. While carrying out border control, states have a duty to protect fundamental rights of all people under their jurisdiction, regardless of their nationality, status, or age. Children as a category<br /> of vulnerable persons with special needs require heightened protection.</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-action-buttons field-name-field-fra-action-buttons field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="44701" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2023/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2023-update" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/data-vis.jpg?itok=8AGvx5u6" width="360" height="353" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Periodic updates / Series</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">22</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">November</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2023</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2023/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2023-update" hreflang="en">Forced return monitoring systems – 2023 update</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">FRA publishes annual updates on the forced return monitoring systems that EU Member States have set up under Article 8 (6) of the EU’s Return Directive (2008/115/EC). This latest update covers the period until the end of 2022.</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-action-buttons field-name-field-fra-action-buttons field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-scroll field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/search?search_api_fulltext=update&search_api_fulltext_1=forced%20return%20monitoring%20systems&search_api_fulltext_2=&type%5B0%5D=fra_publication&search_api_fulltext_3=">Read all annual updates</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-scroll field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2023/forced-return-monitoring-across-eu-2023-update">Read news item</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="44663" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2023/2023-update-ngo-ships-sar-activities" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/sar_update_june_2023_05-10-2023_clean_version_1-2-1.png?itok=KTjm13Ms" width="360" height="334" alt="Map showing status of search and rescue ships and aircraft in Mediterranean as of end-June 2023" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Periodic updates / Series</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/access-asylum" hreflang="en">Access to asylum</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/borders-and-information-systems-0" hreflang="en">Borders and information systems</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">11</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">October</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2023</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2023/2023-update-ngo-ships-sar-activities" hreflang="en">June 2023 update - Search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean and fundamental rights</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Since October 2018, FRA has been publishing regular updates on NGO ships involved in search and rescue (SAR) operations in the Mediterranean, and the status of legal proceedings against them. This latest update covers until the end of June 2023.</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-action-buttons field-name-field-fra-action-buttons field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-scroll field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="/en/news/2023/migrant-search-and-rescue-capacity-mediterranean-sea">Read news item</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/products/search?pub_type%5B0%5D=1282&pri_the%5B0%5D=963&pri_the%5B1%5D=1291&pri_the%5B2%5D=965&pri_the%5B3%5D=966&pri_the%5B4%5D=967&pri_the%5B5%5D=968&pub_by%5B0%5D=81&lang%5B0%5D=en&combine=search%20and%20rescue&sec_the%5B0%5D=963&sec_the%5B1%5D=1291&sec_the%5B2%5D=965&sec_the%5B3%5D=966&sec_the%5B4%5D=967&sec_the%5B5%5D=968&sec_the%5B6%5D=962&hide_pri%5B0%5D=962&sort_by=field_fra_published_at_value&sort_order=DESC">Read all SAR updates</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="43811" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2022/practical-tool-guardians-temporary-protection-unaccompanied-children-fleeing" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/unaccompanied-children-fleeing-ukraine_cover.jpg?itok=xKaZpknW" width="360" height="509" alt="Cover of Practical Tool for Guardians - Temporary protection for unaccompanied children fleeing Ukraine" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Periodic updates / Series</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/child-protection" hreflang="en">Child protection</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">24</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">November</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2022</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2022/practical-tool-guardians-temporary-protection-unaccompanied-children-fleeing" hreflang="en">Practical Tool for Guardians - Temporary protection for unaccompanied children fleeing Ukraine</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) and the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) joined forces to create this tool focusing on temporary protection for unaccompanied children fleeing Ukraine.</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-action-buttons field-name-field-fra-action-buttons field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="43624" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2022/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2022-update" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/data-vis.jpg?itok=8AGvx5u6" width="360" height="353" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Periodic updates / Series</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">9</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">September</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2022</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2022/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2022-update" hreflang="en">Forced return monitoring systems - 2022 update</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Since 2014, FRA has been publishing an annual update of the forced return monitoring systems EU Member States have set up under Article 8 (6) of the EU’s Return Directive (2008/115/EC). This overview describes different indicators for an effective forced return monitoring system. It includes the organisation responsible for monitoring forced return, the number of operations monitored in 2021, the phases of monitored return operations, the number of staff trained and working as monitors, and whether the monitoring body issued public reports about their monitoring.</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-action-buttons field-name-field-fra-action-buttons field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="42817" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2021/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2021-update" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/data-vis.jpg?itok=8AGvx5u6" width="360" height="353" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Report / Paper / Summary</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">13</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">December</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2021</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2021/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2021-update" hreflang="en">Forced return monitoring systems - 2021 update</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Since 2014, FRA has been publishing an annual update of the forced return monitoring systems EU Member States have set up under Article 8 (6) of the EU’s Return Directive. This overview describes different indicators for an effective forced return monitoring system. It includes the organisation responsible for monitoring forced return, the number of operations monitored in 2020, the phases of monitored return operations, the number of staff trained and working as monitors, and whether the monitoring body issued public reports about their monitoring.</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-action-buttons field-name-field-fra-action-buttons field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-download field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/products/search?pub_by%5B0%5D=81&lang%5B0%5D=en&combine=forced%20return%20update&sort_by=field_fra_published_at_value&sort_order=DESC">Access all monitoring updates</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2021/forced-return-monitoring-across-eu-update">Read news item</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="42631" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-featured-image field-name-field-fra-featured-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2021/legal-aid-returned-detainees" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/fra_teaser_style/public/fra_images/adobestock_person_scales_freshidea_157167851.jpeg?itok=aos-VLfb" width="640" height="420" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Report / Paper / Summary</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">4</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">November</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2021</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2021/legal-aid-returned-detainees" hreflang="en">Legal aid for returnees deprived of liberty</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">This report outlines to what extent legal aid is available to those held in pre-removal detention in the 27 EU Member States, and in North Macedonia and Serbia, during procedures related to their return. These involve decisions on return, on detention pending removal, the removal itself and on bans on entry. The report also examines when people are entitled to free legal aid and how this aid is funded, as well as who provides representation and various factors that limit the scope of legal aid.</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-action-buttons field-name-field-fra-action-buttons field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-scroll field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2021/effective-access-legal-aid-key-safeguard-migrants-return-proceedings">Read news item</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="25323" class="node node--type-mdx-dataset node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"></div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">MDX Dataset</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/justice-victims-rights-and-judicial-cooperation" hreflang="en">Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-post-date field-name-node-post-date field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">26 September 2017</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publications-and-resources/data-and-maps/return" hreflang="en">Forced return monitoring systems – State of play in EU Member States</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">The EU Return Directive introduced an important fundamental rights safeguard for third-country nationals ordered to leave the EU because they do not or no longer fulfil the conditions for entry and/or stay. According to the Directive, Member States must provide for an effective forced-return monitoring system.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="39858" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2020/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2020-update" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/data-vis.jpg?itok=8AGvx5u6" width="360" height="353" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Report / Paper / Summary</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">3</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">July</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2020</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2020/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2020-update" hreflang="en">Forced return monitoring systems - 2020 update</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">The EU Return Directive (2008/115/EC) in Article 8 (6) introduced an important fundamental rights safeguard for third-country nationals ordered to leave the EU because they do not or no longer fulfil the conditions for entry and/or stay. According to the directive, Member States must provide for an effective forced-return monitoring system. </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-action-buttons field-name-field-fra-action-buttons field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-scroll field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2020/effective-forced-return-monitoring-overview-updated">Read news item</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-download field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/products/search?pub_by%5B0%5D=81&lang%5B0%5D=en&combine=forced%20return%20update&sort_by=field_fra_published_at_value&sort_order=DESC">Access all monitoring updates</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="37310" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-featured-image field-name-field-fra-featured-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2019/migration-key-fundamental-rights-concerns-quarterly-bulletin-4" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/fra_teaser_style/public/fra_images/20191014_123258-med.jpg?itok=ONqA6Q3C" width="640" height="420" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Periodic updates / Series</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/access-asylum" hreflang="en">Access to asylum</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/child-protection" hreflang="en">Child protection</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">4</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">November</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2019</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2019/migration-key-fundamental-rights-concerns-quarterly-bulletin-4" hreflang="en">Migration: Key fundamental rights concerns - Quarterly bulletin 4</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights has been regularly collecting data on asylum and<br /> migration since September 2015. This report focuses on the fundamental rights situation<br /> of people arriving in Member States and EU candidate countries particularly affected by<br /> migration. It addresses fundamental rights concerns between 1 July and 30 September 2019. </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-action-buttons field-name-field-fra-action-buttons field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-scroll field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2019/migrants-continue-suffer-reception-centres-remain-overcrowded-and-violence-against">Read news item</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-download field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/products/search?pub_type%5B0%5D=1289&pub_by%5B0%5D=81&pub_year%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=2019&combine=bulletin&sort_by=field_fra_published_at_value&sort_order=DESC">Access all 2019 updates</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-download field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/products/search?pub_type%5B0%5D=1289&pub_by%5B0%5D=81&pub_year%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=2018&combine=periodic&sort_by=field_fra_published_at_value&sort_order=DESC">Access all 2018 updates</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="36909" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2019/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2019-update" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/data-vis.jpg?itok=8AGvx5u6" width="360" height="353" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Report / Paper / Summary</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">27</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">June</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2019</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2019/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2019-update" hreflang="en">Forced return monitoring systems - 2019 update</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">The EU Return Directive (2008/115/EC) in Article 8 (6) introduced an important fundamental rights safeguard for third-country nationals ordered to leave the EU because they do not or no longer fulfil the conditions for entry and/or stay. According to the directive, Member States must provide for an effective forced-return monitoring system. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="27565" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Data ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2018/how-eurosur-regulation-affects-fundamental-rights" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/fra-2018-eurosur-evaluation-rights-impact-annex-cover_en.jpg?itok=EjVPeW-y" width="360" height="509" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Report / Paper / Summary</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/borders-and-information-systems" hreflang="en">Borders and information systems</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/data-protection-privacy-and-new-technologies" hreflang="en">Data protection, privacy and new technologies</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/equality-non-discrimination-and-racism" hreflang="en">Equality, non-discrimination and racism</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/children-youth-and-older-people" hreflang="en">Children, youth and older people</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">12</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">September</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2018</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2018/how-eurosur-regulation-affects-fundamental-rights" hreflang="en">How the Eurosur Regulation affects fundamental rights</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">In November 2017, the European Commission requested FRA’s support in evaluating the impact on fundamental rights of the European Border Surveillance System (Eurosur) Regulation. Further to this request, FRA reviewed the work of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and analysed cooperation agreements concluded by EU Member States with third countries which are relevant for the exchange of information for the purposes of Eurosur. This report presents the main findings of such review.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="36908" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2018/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2018-update" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/data-vis.jpg?itok=8AGvx5u6" width="360" height="353" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Report / Paper / Summary</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">21</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">June</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2018</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2018/forced-return-monitoring-systems-2018-update" hreflang="en">Forced return monitoring systems - 2018 update</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">The EU Return Directive (2008/115/EC) in Article 8 (6) introduced an important fundamental rights safeguard for third-country nationals ordered to leave the EU because they do not or no longer fulfil the conditions for entry and/or stay. According to the Directive, Member States must provide for an effective forced-return monitoring system. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="24847" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-featured-image field-name-field-fra-featured-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2017/european-legal-and-policy-framework-immigration-detention-children" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/fra_teaser_style/public/fra_images/img_2188.jpg?itok=5LDzmFrE" width="640" height="420" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Report / Paper / Summary</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/child-protection" hreflang="en">Child protection</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/equality-non-discrimination-and-racism" hreflang="en">Equality, non-discrimination and racism</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/children-youth-and-older-people" hreflang="en">Children, youth and older people</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">22</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">June</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2017</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2017/european-legal-and-policy-framework-immigration-detention-children" hreflang="en">European legal and policy framework on immigration detention of children</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Up to one third of migrants arriving in the European Union since the summer of 2015 have been children. The current emphasis on speedier asylum processing and making returns more effective may trigger increased use of immigration detention, possibly also affecting children. The detention of children implicates various fundamental rights and will only be in line with EU law if limited to exceptional cases. This report aims to support practitioners in implementing relevant polices in line with applicable law by outlining available safeguards against unlawful and arbitrary detention and highlighting promising practices. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="21105" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2016/asylum-and-migration-european-union-2015" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/cover-image-focus_en.jpg?itok=1ZhblGKf" width="360" height="509" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Fundamental Rights Report</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/access-asylum" hreflang="en">Access to asylum</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/borders-and-information-systems-0" hreflang="en">Borders and information systems</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/legal-migration-and-integration" hreflang="en">Legal migration and integration</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">29</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">May</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2016</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2016/asylum-and-migration-european-union-2015" hreflang="en">Asylum and migration into the European Union in 2015</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">This Focus takes a closer look at asylum and migration issues in the European Union (EU) in 2015. It looks at the effectiveness of measures taken or proposed by the EU and its Member States to manage this situation, with particular reference to their fundamental rights compliance.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="19485" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2015/fundamental-rights-implications-obligation-provide-fingerprints-eurodac" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_with_border/public/fra_images/fra-2015-fingerprinting-focus-paper-cover_en.jpg?itok=Jv9JSXQ6" width="360" height="494" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Handbook / Guide / Manual</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/access-asylum" hreflang="en">Access to asylum</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/borders-and-information-systems-0" hreflang="en">Borders and information systems</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/data-protection-privacy-and-new-technologies" hreflang="en">Data protection, privacy and new technologies</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/borders-and-information-systems" hreflang="en">Borders and information systems</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">22</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">October</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2015</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2015/fundamental-rights-implications-obligation-provide-fingerprints-eurodac" hreflang="en">Fundamental rights implications of the obligation to provide fingerprints for Eurodac</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Processing biometric data for immigration, asylum and border management purposes has become common. This focus paper looks at measures authorities can take to enforce the obligation of newly arrived asylum seekers and migrants in an irregular situation to provide fingerprints for inclusion in Eurodac.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="19385" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"></div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Report / Paper / Summary</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/access-asylum" hreflang="en">Access to asylum</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">9</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">October</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2015</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2015/alternatives-detention-asylum-seekers-and-people-return-procedures" hreflang="en">Alternatives to detention for asylum seekers and people in return procedures</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">For asylum and return (i.e. expulsion) procedures to be implemented effectively, people need to be at the disposal of the authorities so that any measure requiring their presence can be taken without delay. To achieve this, EU Member States may decide to hold people in closed facilities. Less intrusive measures, which are usually referred to as alternatives to detention, reduce the risk that deprivation of liberty is resorted to excessively. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"><div data-history-node-id="18814" class="node node--type-fra-publication node--view-mode-teaser theme-item theme-item-Asylum ds-2col clearfix"> <div class="group-left"><div class="field field-node--field-fra-featured-image field-name-field-fra-featured-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <a href="/en/publication/2015/cost-exclusion-healthcare-case-migrants-irregular-situation" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/fra_teaser_style/public/fra_images/shutterstock_55341184-healthcare.jpg?itok=fuR64Ght" width="640" height="420" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-right"> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--bundle-fieldnode field-name-bundle-fieldnode field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Report / Paper / Summary</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/irregular-migration-return-and-immigration-detention" hreflang="en">Irregular migration, return and immigration detention</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/asylum-migration-and-borders" hreflang="en">Asylum, migration and borders</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TeaserPubDate"> <div class="PublicationDate"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-day field-name-field-fra-day field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">3</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-month field-name-field-fra-month field-type-list-integer field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">September</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-year field-name-field-fra-year field-type-yearonly field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">2015</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h2> <a href="/en/publication/2015/cost-exclusion-healthcare-case-migrants-irregular-situation" hreflang="en">Cost of exclusion from healthcare – The case of migrants in an irregular situation</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">This report aims to estimate the economic cost of providing timely access to screening and treatment for migrants in an irregular situation, compared with providing treatment only in emergency cases. It presents an economic model to calculate such costs for two medical conditions: hypertension and prenatal care. To better illustrate its application in practice, the model is applied to three European Union (EU) Member States – Germany, Greece and Sweden.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class ="paginator-wrapper"> <div class="text-center"> <nav class="pager" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="pagination-heading"> <h4 id="pagination-heading" class="visually-hidden">Pagination</h4> <ul class="pagination pager__items js-pager__items"> <li class="pager__item is-active current"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Current page </span>1 </li> <li class="pager__item"> <a href="?page=1" title="Go to page 2"> <span class="visually-hidden"> Page </span>2</a> </li> <li class="pager__item pager__item--next pagination-next"> <a href="?page=1" title="Go to next page" rel="next"> <span class="visually-hidden">Next page</span> <span aria-hidden="true">››</span> </a> </li> <li class="pager__item pager__item--last"> <a href="?page=1" title="Go to last page"> <span class="visually-hidden">Last page</span> <span aria-hidden="true">»</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </main> </div> </div> <footer> <div class ="row"> <div id="footer-first" class="large-4 columns"> <div> <div id="block-fra-footer-about-fra" class="block-fra-footer-about-fra block block-block-content block-block-content9f83ca8e-3fcc-46f3-a062-c3a3416deaa6"> <div class="body field field-block-content--body field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div class="h1" role="heading">About FRA</div> <p>Find out more about the Agency and its work here.</p> <ul class="footer-nav"> <li><a href="/about-fra">About FRA</a></li> <li><a href="/eu-charter">EU Charter of Fundamental Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/about-fundamental-rights/where-to-turn">Where to turn for help</a></li> <li><a href="/tools">Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/about-fra/recruitment">Working at FRA</a></li> <li><a href="/news-and-events">News</a></li> <li><a href="/news-and-events/newsletter ">Subscribe for updates</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-middle" class="large-4 columns"> <div> <div id="block-fra-footer-work-on-rights" class="block-fra-footer-work-on-rights block block-block-content block-block-content45844f98-576d-4120-b55c-d12cea258d9f"> <div class="body field field-block-content--body field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div class="h1" role="heading">Work on rights</div> <p>Fundamental rights define minimum standards to ensure everyone is treated with dignity. 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