CINXE.COM
Paleontology | bioRxiv
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article# book: http://ogp.me/ns/book#" > <!--[if IE]><![endif]--> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//d33xdlntwy0kbs.cloudfront.net" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/images/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="description" content="bioRxiv - the preprint server for biology, operated by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, a research and educational institution" /> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/collection/paleontology" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/taxonomy/term/284" /> <title>Paleontology | bioRxiv</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__Uu01xYTnLY4PPXmV6krFo-OtYdUu2xdV_FK2HG7R5PU__jkhyq7-aIs_h0oZwuyeS8OUF7WmajlXC8GpTyzLPdRc__qBi1_IxBCit5cy0kPEESEYug8-viuvcJTeXx_XfvdJM.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/2.2.1/jquery.qtip.min.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__-7AOoSwTVjJ8Nou2vzbjFOTGfo-yZ655xgGR3QtSFOU__YPNWZHvLA6t4672AB2rn1FY0_IA_t6THmV3gzpeQV5g__qBi1_IxBCit5cy0kPEESEYug8-viuvcJTeXx_XfvdJM.css" media="all" /> <style type="text/css" media="all"> /* <![CDATA[ */ .panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-region{padding:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-region-inside{padding-right:.5em;padding-left:.5em}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-region-inside-first{padding-left:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-region-inside-last{padding-right:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-column{padding:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-column-inside{padding-right:.5em;padding-left:.5em}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-column-inside-first{padding-left:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-column-inside-last{padding-right:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-row{padding:0 0 .5em;margin:0}.panels-flexible-new .panels-flexible-row-last{padding-bottom:0}.panels-flexible-column-new-main{float:left;width:99.0000%}.panels-flexible-new-inside{padding-right:0}.panels-flexible-new{width:auto}.panels-flexible-region-new-center{float:left;width:99.0000%}.panels-flexible-row-new-main-row-inside{padding-right:0} /* ]]> */ </style> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__PWuQ_RYRTJ4BLEKsbWQeHysPg0gOQ3571ruQa_rXvAo__pWyBeQHtoijrNnOoDz9ZPdiNPirDrSCPOz0Q1CDCeno__qBi1_IxBCit5cy0kPEESEYug8-viuvcJTeXx_XfvdJM.css" media="all" /> <style type="text/css" media="all"> /* <![CDATA[ */ #sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom,#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom .eu-cookie-withdraw-banner,.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{background:gray}#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom.eu-cookie-withdraw-wrapper{background:transparent}#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h1,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h2,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h3,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text p,.eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button,.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{color:#fff !important}.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{border-color:#fff}.eu-cookie-compliance-more-button{color:#fff !important} /* ]]> */ </style> <!--[if lte IE 7]> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__ElJr3PIJEvw3qLXc1cnYiLj2G4KgDPSXFOfm6Phf8hw__JdWGm15cDWjsK6KrFlQVXQix9YgNeYysf22XZHj-Y-c__qBi1_IxBCit5cy0kPEESEYug8-viuvcJTeXx_XfvdJM.css" media="all" /> <![endif]--> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__vP96nkAt3EeLU62QRdHXKZuS9tqQ1EMDJC_PSKd7hEk__lHjEjA8vesYocDHspzRjJD6B-seMDbxqo3imDh_XOlQ__qBi1_IxBCit5cy0kPEESEYug8-viuvcJTeXx_XfvdJM.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__9_Cu_heqxs3B-I3a1c4spz8neyh10ILnhZu7v_QPUMk__Gc4aLVT4TkYjIW0c5vbz2RdKW_wGLc_cLMRLDTGpXvg__qBi1_IxBCit5cy0kPEESEYug8-viuvcJTeXx_XfvdJM.css" media="all" /> <!--[if (lt IE 9)&(!IEMobile)]> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__XH6bpcI0f2dImc-p674DLCZtWBGb-QwxJK1YexVGtno__vUceGprdo5nIhV6DH93X7fI3r8RcTJbChbas9TQXeW4__qBi1_IxBCit5cy0kPEESEYug8-viuvcJTeXx_XfvdJM.css" media="all" /> <![endif]--> <!--[if gte IE 9]><!--> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__2WBMox6sOrN42ss5lCnH7WWVRdFdJCxtTKnQJYRwTE4__yqNvNYLvMpjy3ffuJrjjm9uW2i-Me1c23KLYuWHaqio__qBi1_IxBCit5cy0kPEESEYug8-viuvcJTeXx_XfvdJM.css" media="all" /> <!--<![endif]--> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__5MpY5I_n7JCj0vTt_0U3QAX3LzfRRWSYjtePZLlOFiA__5c1ZiN_pM9tjxvpyA9VpEacScF0S_W4R222pC-s_-Pk__qBi1_IxBCit5cy0kPEESEYug8-viuvcJTeXx_XfvdJM.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://d33xdlntwy0kbs.cloudfront.net/cshl_custom.css" media="all" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__tplUeEVUJjQKJHYtUMEipCwgYHO6zd3gm__0HB_FvB0__81i0ThIQJI_1PYMomcsExuHjcgVWWFpZ8MjzVAdVO_c__qBi1_IxBCit5cy0kPEESEYug8-viuvcJTeXx_XfvdJM.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/2.2.1/jquery.qtip.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__LFr_KQzWrXaf10vEPyttCvSTGQ6aNpqmfLiomVomH0s__bmKJowH02yLDV_wsK_xUfTGxj_omEtDpdkL-eO4FEgg__qBi1_IxBCit5cy0kPEESEYug8-viuvcJTeXx_XfvdJM.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RZD586MC3Q"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- /*! * yepnope1.5.4 * (c) WTFPL, GPLv2 */ (function(a,b,c){function d(a){return"[object Function]"==o.call(a)}function e(a){return"string"==typeof a}function f(){}function g(a){return!a||"loaded"==a||"complete"==a||"uninitialized"==a}function h(){var a=p.shift();q=1,a?a.t?m(function(){("c"==a.t?B.injectCss:B.injectJs)(a.s,0,a.a,a.x,a.e,1)},0):(a(),h()):q=0}function i(a,c,d,e,f,i,j){function k(b){if(!o&&g(l.readyState)&&(u.r=o=1,!q&&h(),l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=null,b)){"img"!=a&&m(function(){t.removeChild(l)},50);for(var d in y[c])y[c].hasOwnProperty(d)&&y[c][d].onload()}}var j=j||B.errorTimeout,l=b.createElement(a),o=0,r=0,u={t:d,s:c,e:f,a:i,x:j};1===y[c]&&(r=1,y[c]=[]),"object"==a?l.data=c:(l.src=c,l.type=a),l.width=l.height="0",l.onerror=l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=function(){k.call(this,r)},p.splice(e,0,u),"img"!=a&&(r||2===y[c]?(t.insertBefore(l,s?null:n),m(k,j)):y[c].push(l))}function j(a,b,c,d,f){return q=0,b=b||"j",e(a)?i("c"==b?v:u,a,b,this.i++,c,d,f):(p.splice(this.i++,0,a),1==p.length&&h()),this}function k(){var a=B;return a.loader={load:j,i:0},a}var l=b.documentElement,m=a.setTimeout,n=b.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o={}.toString,p=[],q=0,r="MozAppearance"in l.style,s=r&&!!b.createRange().compareNode,t=s?l:n.parentNode,l=a.opera&&"[object Opera]"==o.call(a.opera),l=!!b.attachEvent&&!l,u=r?"object":l?"script":"img",v=l?"script":u,w=Array.isArray||function(a){return"[object Array]"==o.call(a)},x=[],y={},z={timeout:function(a,b){return b.length&&(a.timeout=b[0]),a}},A,B;B=function(a){function b(a){var a=a.split("!"),b=x.length,c=a.pop(),d=a.length,c={url:c,origUrl:c,prefixes:a},e,f,g;for(f=0;f<d;f++)g=a[f].split("="),(e=z[g.shift()])&&(c=e(c,g));for(f=0;f<b;f++)c=x[f](c);return c}function g(a,e,f,g,h){var i=b(a),j=i.autoCallback;i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift(),i.bypass||(e&&(e=d(e)?e:e[a]||e[g]||e[a.split("/").pop().split("?")[0]]),i.instead?i.instead(a,e,f,g,h):(y[i.url]?i.noexec=!0:y[i.url]=1,f.load(i.url,i.forceCSS||!i.forceJS&&"css"==i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift()?"c":c,i.noexec,i.attrs,i.timeout),(d(e)||d(j))&&f.load(function(){k(),e&&e(i.origUrl,h,g),j&&j(i.origUrl,h,g),y[i.url]=2})))}function h(a,b){function c(a,c){if(a){if(e(a))c||(j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}),g(a,j,b,0,h);else if(Object(a)===a)for(n in m=function(){var b=0,c;for(c in a)a.hasOwnProperty(c)&&b++;return b}(),a)a.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(!c&&!--m&&(d(j)?j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}:j[n]=function(a){return function(){var b=[].slice.call(arguments);a&&a.apply(this,b),l()}}(k[n])),g(a[n],j,b,n,h))}else!c&&l()}var h=!!a.test,i=a.load||a.both,j=a.callback||f,k=j,l=a.complete||f,m,n;c(h?a.yep:a.nope,!!i),i&&c(i)}var i,j,l=this.yepnope.loader;if(e(a))g(a,0,l,0);else if(w(a))for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)j=a[i],e(j)?g(j,0,l,0):w(j)?B(j):Object(j)===j&&h(j,l);else Object(a)===a&&h(a,l)},B.addPrefix=function(a,b){z[a]=b},B.addFilter=function(a){x.push(a)},B.errorTimeout=1e4,null==b.readyState&&b.addEventListener&&(b.readyState="loading",b.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A=function(){b.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A,0),b.readyState="complete"},0)),a.yepnope=k(),a.yepnope.executeStack=h,a.yepnope.injectJs=function(a,c,d,e,i,j){var k=b.createElement("script"),l,o,e=e||B.errorTimeout;k.src=a;for(o in d)k.setAttribute(o,d[o]);c=j?h:c||f,k.onreadystatechange=k.onload=function(){!l&&g(k.readyState)&&(l=1,c(),k.onload=k.onreadystatechange=null)},m(function(){l||(l=1,c(1))},e),i?k.onload():n.parentNode.insertBefore(k,n)},a.yepnope.injectCss=function(a,c,d,e,g,i){var e=b.createElement("link"),j,c=i?h:c||f;e.href=a,e.rel="stylesheet",e.type="text/css";for(j in d)e.setAttribute(j,d[j]);g||(n.parentNode.insertBefore(e,n),m(c,0))}})(this,document); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- yepnope({ test: Modernizr.matchmedia, nope: '/sites/all/libraries/media-match/media.match.min.js' }); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- ;var _prum=[['id','612e3d94173350001100005d'],['mark','firstbyte',(new Date()).getTime()]];(function(){var t=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],e=document.createElement('script');e.async='async';e.src='//rum-static.pingdom.net/prum.min.js';t.parentNode.insertBefore(e,t)})(); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "G-RZD586MC3Q", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true}); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings,{"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"jcore_1","theme_token":"TM-qpvzSg0Hb7tpShdlN-30l1GkZhJPukqrak2sN1lM","jquery_version":"1.8","css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.menus.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.messages.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.theme.css":1,"modules\/comment\/comment.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_api\/date.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_popup\/themes\/datepicker.1.7.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_draw\/css\/highwire-draw.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_folders\/highwire_folders.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/css\/highwire-responsive.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_saved_searches\/highwire_saved_searches.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_user\/highwire_user.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"modules\/search\/search.css":1,"modules\/user\/user.css":1,"modules\/forum\/forum.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ckeditor\/css\/ckeditor.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire.style.highwire.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/nlm-elements.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/css\/panels.css":1,"sites\/default\/modules\/biorxiv\/css\/biorxiv.css":1,"\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/qtip2\/2.2.1\/jquery.qtip.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_reports_feed.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire-article-citation-list.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_save_citation\/css\/highwire_save_citation.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/flexible\/flexible.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_collection\/css\/highwire_subject_collection.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire.highwire-list-expand.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/eu_cookie_compliance\/css\/eu_cookie_compliance.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire.gtranslate.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_theme_tools\/css\/font-hwicons.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_theme_tools\/css\/font-hwicons-glyphs.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/eu_cookie_compliance.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/font-awesome-ie7.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-reset.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-mobile.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-alpha.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/formalize.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-text.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-branding.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-menu.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-forms.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire-forms.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/mobile-reset.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/font-awesome.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/forms.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/global.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jquery-ui-elements.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/text.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/colors.css.less":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-normal.css":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/normal\/jcore-default-normal-30.css":1,"narrow::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"narrow::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-narrow.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/narrow\/jcore-default-narrow-30.css":1,"normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-normal.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/normal\/jcore-default-normal-30.css":1,"wide::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"wide::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-wide.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/wide\/jcore-default-wide-30.css":1,"sites\/default\/modules\/jnl_biorxiv_styles\/css\/biorxiv-styles.css.less":1,"https:\/\/d33xdlntwy0kbs.cloudfront.net\/cshl_custom.css":1,"0":1,"1":1},"js":{"sites\/all\/libraries\/enquire.js\/enquire.min.js":1,"http:\/\/d33xdlntwy0kbs.cloudfront.net\/cshl_custom.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/eu_cookie_compliance\/js\/eu_cookie_compliance.js":1,"sites\/default\/modules\/jnl_biorxiv_styles\/js\/adv-search-collection-toggle.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/modernizr\/modernizr.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.8\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/eu_cookie_compliance\/js\/jquery.cookie-1.4.1.min.js":1,"misc\/ajax.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/js\/jquery_update.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.equal-heights.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.panels-ajax-tab.js":1,"sites\/default\/modules\/jnl_biorxiv_styles\/js\/biorxiv-scripts.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/colorbox\/jquery.colorbox-min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/js\/colorbox.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_log\/highwire_log.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_nps_survey\/js\/nps_survey.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_user\/js\/highwire_user_meta.js":1,"misc\/progress.js":1,"\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/qtip2\/2.2.1\/jquery.qtip.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.article-citation-tooltip.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.highwire-list-expand.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/google_analytics\/googleanalytics.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.gtranslate.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_save_citation\/js\/highwire_save_citation.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/js\/theme-scripts.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/js\/jquery.formalize.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/js\/omega-mediaqueries.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/js\/omega-equalheights.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/js\/highwire-mediaqueries.js":1,"https:\/\/www.googletagmanager.com\/gtag\/js?id=G-RZD586MC3Q":1}},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px"},"jcarousel":{"ajaxPath":"\/jcarousel\/ajax\/views"},"instances":"{\u0022highwire_abstract_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:20,\u0022height\u0022:20,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-abstract-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-abstract-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022right center\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022left center\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022shift\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter click \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}},\u0022highwire_author_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:15,\u0022height\u0022:15,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-author-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-author-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022top center\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022bottom center\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}},\u0022highwire_reflinks_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:15,\u0022height\u0022:15,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022mimic\u0022:\u0022top center\u0022,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-ref-link-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-ref-link-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022bottom left\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022top left\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022flip\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}}}","qtipDebug":"{\u0022leaveElement\u0022:0}","highwire_list_expand":{"is_collapsed":"1"},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/collection\/paleontology?page=3":true},"highwireResponsive":{"enquire_enabled":1,"breakpoints_configured":1,"breakpoints":{"zero":"all and (min-width: 0px)","xsmall":"all and (min-width: 380px)","narrow":"all and (min-width: 768px) and (min-device-width: 768px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 768px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 980px) and (min-device-width: 980px), all and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 1024px) and (orientation:landscape)","wide":"all and (min-width: 1220px)"}},"eu_cookie_compliance":{"popup_enabled":1,"popup_agreed_enabled":0,"popup_hide_agreed":0,"popup_clicking_confirmation":1,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. By clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Continue\u0022\n class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EContinue\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Find out more\u0022\n class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003EFind out more\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Continue\u0022\n class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EContinue\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Find out more\u0022\n class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003EFind out more\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":"768","popup_html_agreed":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content agreed\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2\u003EThank you for accepting cookies\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYou can now hide this message or find out more about cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022hide-popup-button eu-cookie-compliance-hide-button\u0022\u003EHide\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button-thank-you\u0022 \u003EMore info\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","popup_use_bare_css":false,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":1000,"popup_link":"\/help\/cookie-policy","popup_link_new_window":1,"popup_position":null,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":false,"better_support_for_screen_readers":0,"reload_page":0,"domain":"","popup_eu_only_js":0,"cookie_lifetime":"365","cookie_session":false,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":0,"method":"default","whitelisted_cookies":"","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy settings\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003E\u0026lt;h2\u0026gt;We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u0026lt;\/h2\u0026gt;\u0026lt;p\u0026gt;You have given your consent for us to set cookies.\u0026lt;\/p\u0026gt;\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button\u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n","withdraw_enabled":false},"googleanalytics":{"account":["G-RZD586MC3Q"],"trackOutbound":1,"trackMailto":1,"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackColorbox":1},"jnl_biorxiv_styles":{"defaultJCode":"biorxiv"},"omega":{"layouts":{"primary":"normal","order":["narrow","normal","wide"],"queries":{"narrow":"all and (min-width: 768px) and (min-device-width: 768px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 768px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 980px) and (min-device-width: 980px), all and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 1024px) and (orientation:landscape)","wide":"all and (min-width: 1220px)"}}}}); //--><!]]> </script> <!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script><![endif]--> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in page-taxonomy page-taxonomy-term page-taxonomy-term- page-taxonomy-term-284 context-collection hw-default-jcode-biorxiv"> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M677548" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];var j=d.createElement(s);var dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type='text/javascript';j.async=true;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M677548');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="page clearfix page-box-shadows footer-borders panels-page panels-layout-jcore_2col" id="page"> <header id="section-header" class="section section-header"> <div id="zone-branding" class="zone zone-branding clearfix print-display-block container-30"> <div class="grid-15 prefix-1 region region-branding print-display-block" id="region-branding"> <div class="region-inner region-branding-inner"> <div class="branding-data clearfix"> <div class="logo-img"> <a href="/" rel="home" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img alt="bioRxiv" src="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/biorxiv_article.jpg" /></a> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="grid-11 suffix-1 region region-branding-second print-hidden" id="region-branding-second"> <div class="region-inner region-branding-second-inner"> <div class="block block-system block-menu block-main-menu block-system-main-menu odd block-without-title" id="block-system-main-menu"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/" title="" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Home</a></li> <li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/about-biorxiv" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About</a></li> <li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/submit-a-manuscript" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Submit</a></li> <li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/alertsrss" title="" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ALERTS / RSS</a></li> </ul></nav> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-panels-mini block-biorxiv-search-box block-panels-mini-biorxiv-search-box even block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-biorxiv-search-box"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-biorxiv_search_box"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-quicksearch" > <div class="pane-content"> <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/collection/paleontology?page=3" method="post" id="highwire-search-quicksearch-form-0" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords"> <label class="element-invisible" for="search_rightsidebar_keywords_2111363946">Search for this keyword </label> <input placeholder="Search" type="text" id="search_rightsidebar_keywords_2111363946" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <div class="button-wrapper button-mini"><span class="icon-search"></span><input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="search_rightsidebar_submit_548294512" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-8yEbesI-kCERVHYFoJTn92GLFsmngnS2hhYOFRifrV0" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_quicksearch_form_0" /> </div></form> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-1 advanced-search-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/search">Advanced Search</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="zone-header" class="zone zone-header clearfix container-30"> </div> </header> <section id="section-content" class="section section-content"> <div id="zone-content" class="zone zone-content clearfix container-30"> <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-content" id="region-content"> <div class="region-inner region-content-inner"> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="block block-system block-main block-system-main odd block-without-title" id="block-system-main"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <div class="panel-display panels-960-layout jcore-2col-layout" > <div class="panel-row-wrapper panel-row-first clearfix"> <div class="top-wrapper"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-top"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-page-title" > <div class="pane-content"> <h1 id="page-title">Paleontology</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper --> <div class="panel-row-wrapper clearfix"> <div class="main-content-wrapper grid-17 suffix-1 alpha"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-content"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-block-4 pane-block" > <div class="pane-content"> <p><a href="/alerts/collection/add?destination=/alerts">Sign Up for Subject Area Alerts</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-collection-articles" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="highwire-list-wrapper highwire-article-citation-list"><div class="highwire-list"><ul><li class="first odd"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node3939974 tooltip-enable" data-node-nid="3939974" id="node-3939974--2692951438" data-pisa="biorxiv;2024.07.01.601543v1" data-pisa-master="biorxiv;2024.07.01.601543" data-seqnum="3939974" data-apath="/biorxiv/early/2024/07/04/2024.07.01.601543.atom" data-hw-abstract-tooltip-instance="highwire_abstract_tooltip" title="The relationship between microbial community succession, decay, and anatomical character loss in non-biomineralised animals" data-url="/highwire/article_citation_preview/3939974"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-biorxiv-article-pap-list-overline clearfix" > <span class="highwire-cite-title" > <a href="/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601543v1" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">The relationship between microbial community succession, decay, and anatomical character loss in non-biomineralised animals</span></a> </span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Thomas</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Clements</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Robert</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Goodall</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Sarah</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gabbott</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Duncan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Murdock</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Martha</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Clokie</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Andrew</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Millard</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Christopher</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Turkington</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Orla</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bath-Enright</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Mark</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Purnell</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">bioRxiv </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2024.07.01.601543; </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="doi_label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.01.601543 </span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-extras" ><div id = "hw-make-citation-3939974" class = "hw-make-citation" data-encoded-apath=";biorxiv;early;2024;07;04;2024.07.01.601543.atom" data-seqnum="3939974"><a href="/highwire-save-citation/saveapath/%3Bbiorxiv%3Bearly%3B2024%3B07%3B04%3B2024.07.01.601543.atom/nojs/3939974" id="link-save-citation-toggle-3939974" class="link-save-citation-save use-ajax hw-link-save-unsave-catation link-icon" title="Save"><span class="icon-plus"></span> <span class="title">Add to Selected Citations</span></a></div></div> </div> </div></li><li class="even"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node3936108 tooltip-enable" data-node-nid="3936108" id="node-3936108--21248360346" data-pisa="biorxiv;2024.06.30.601411v1" data-pisa-master="biorxiv;2024.06.30.601411" data-seqnum="3936108" data-apath="/biorxiv/early/2024/07/02/2024.06.30.601411.atom" data-hw-abstract-tooltip-instance="highwire_abstract_tooltip" title="Devonian stromatoporoid historical collections in the Natural History Museum, London (UK): redescription, taxonomic revision and implications for stromatoporoid global paleobiogeography" data-url="/highwire/article_citation_preview/3936108"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-biorxiv-article-pap-list-overline clearfix" > <span class="highwire-cite-title" > <a href="/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601411v1" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Devonian stromatoporoid historical collections in the Natural History Museum, London (UK): redescription, taxonomic revision and implications for stromatoporoid global paleobiogeography</span></a> </span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jiayuan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Huang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Consuelo</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sendino</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Stephen</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kershaw</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">bioRxiv </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2024.06.30.601411; </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="doi_label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.30.601411 </span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-extras" ><div id = "hw-make-citation-3936108" class = "hw-make-citation" data-encoded-apath=";biorxiv;early;2024;07;02;2024.06.30.601411.atom" data-seqnum="3936108"><a href="/highwire-save-citation/saveapath/%3Bbiorxiv%3Bearly%3B2024%3B07%3B02%3B2024.06.30.601411.atom/nojs/3936108" id="link-save-citation-toggle-3936108" class="link-save-citation-save use-ajax hw-link-save-unsave-catation link-icon" title="Save"><span class="icon-plus"></span> <span class="title">Add to Selected Citations</span></a></div></div> </div> </div></li><li class="odd"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node3934960 tooltip-enable" data-node-nid="3934960" id="node-3934960--2860682683" data-pisa="biorxiv;2024.06.28.601142v1" data-pisa-master="biorxiv;2024.06.28.601142" data-seqnum="3934960" data-apath="/biorxiv/early/2024/07/02/2024.06.28.601142.atom" data-hw-abstract-tooltip-instance="highwire_abstract_tooltip" title="Sponges of the Lower Greensand Group (Lower Cretaceous) of England; a revision" data-url="/highwire/article_citation_preview/3934960"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-biorxiv-article-pap-list-overline clearfix" > <span class="highwire-cite-title" > <a href="/content/10.1101/2024.06.28.601142v1" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Sponges of the Lower Greensand Group (Lower Cretaceous) of England; a revision</span></a> </span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Consuelo</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sendino</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Stephen</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kershaw</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">bioRxiv </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2024.06.28.601142; </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="doi_label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.28.601142 </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-overline highwire-cite-metadata">Confirmatory Results </span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-extras" ><div id = "hw-make-citation-3934960" class = "hw-make-citation" data-encoded-apath=";biorxiv;early;2024;07;02;2024.06.28.601142.atom" data-seqnum="3934960"><a href="/highwire-save-citation/saveapath/%3Bbiorxiv%3Bearly%3B2024%3B07%3B02%3B2024.06.28.601142.atom/nojs/3934960" id="link-save-citation-toggle-3934960" class="link-save-citation-save use-ajax hw-link-save-unsave-catation link-icon" title="Save"><span class="icon-plus"></span> <span class="title">Add to Selected Citations</span></a></div></div> </div> </div></li><li class="even"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node3932621 tooltip-enable" data-node-nid="3932621" id="node-3932621--21977398042" data-pisa="biorxiv;2023.10.11.561822v3" data-pisa-master="biorxiv;2023.10.11.561822" data-seqnum="3932621" data-apath="/biorxiv/early/2024/07/01/2023.10.11.561822.atom" data-hw-abstract-tooltip-instance="highwire_abstract_tooltip" title="Alasemenia, the earliest ovule with three wings and without cupule" data-url="/highwire/article_citation_preview/3932621"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-biorxiv-article-pap-list-overline clearfix" > <span class="highwire-cite-title" > <a href="/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561822v3" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title"><em>Alasemenia</em>, the earliest ovule with three wings and without cupule</span></a> </span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Deming</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jiangnan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Le</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Yi</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhou</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Peng</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Xu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Min</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Qin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Pu</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Huang</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">bioRxiv </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2023.10.11.561822; </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="doi_label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.11.561822 </span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-extras" ><div id = "hw-make-citation-3932621" class = "hw-make-citation" data-encoded-apath=";biorxiv;early;2024;07;01;2023.10.11.561822.atom" data-seqnum="3932621"><a href="/highwire-save-citation/saveapath/%3Bbiorxiv%3Bearly%3B2024%3B07%3B01%3B2023.10.11.561822.atom/nojs/3932621" id="link-save-citation-toggle-3932621" class="link-save-citation-save use-ajax hw-link-save-unsave-catation link-icon" title="Save"><span class="icon-plus"></span> <span class="title">Add to Selected Citations</span></a></div></div> </div> </div></li><li class="odd"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node3930525 tooltip-enable" data-node-nid="3930525" id="node-3930525--2941124297" data-pisa="biorxiv;2024.06.26.600858v1" data-pisa-master="biorxiv;2024.06.26.600858" data-seqnum="3930525" data-apath="/biorxiv/early/2024/06/29/2024.06.26.600858.atom" data-hw-abstract-tooltip-instance="highwire_abstract_tooltip" title="Modeling of Rate Heterogeneity in Datasets Compiled for Use With Parsimony" data-url="/highwire/article_citation_preview/3930525"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-biorxiv-article-pap-list-overline clearfix" > <span class="highwire-cite-title" > <a href="/content/10.1101/2024.06.26.600858v1" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Modeling of Rate Heterogeneity in Datasets Compiled for Use With Parsimony</span></a> </span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">April M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wright</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Brenen M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wynd</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">bioRxiv </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2024.06.26.600858; </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="doi_label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.26.600858 </span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-extras" ><div id = "hw-make-citation-3930525" class = "hw-make-citation" data-encoded-apath=";biorxiv;early;2024;06;29;2024.06.26.600858.atom" data-seqnum="3930525"><a href="/highwire-save-citation/saveapath/%3Bbiorxiv%3Bearly%3B2024%3B06%3B29%3B2024.06.26.600858.atom/nojs/3930525" id="link-save-citation-toggle-3930525" class="link-save-citation-save use-ajax hw-link-save-unsave-catation link-icon" title="Save"><span class="icon-plus"></span> <span class="title">Add to Selected Citations</span></a></div></div> </div> </div></li><li class="even"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node3924667 tooltip-enable" data-node-nid="3924667" id="node-3924667--2995733855" data-pisa="biorxiv;2024.02.27.582391v2" data-pisa-master="biorxiv;2024.02.27.582391" data-seqnum="3924667" data-apath="/biorxiv/early/2024/06/27/2024.02.27.582391.atom" data-hw-abstract-tooltip-instance="highwire_abstract_tooltip" title="Cambrian origin of the arachnid brain reveals early divergence of Chelicerata" data-url="/highwire/article_citation_preview/3924667"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-biorxiv-article-pap-list-overline clearfix" > <span class="highwire-cite-title" > <a href="/content/10.1101/2024.02.27.582391v2" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Cambrian origin of the arachnid brain reveals early divergence of Chelicerata</span></a> </span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Nicholas J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Strausfeld</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Frank</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hirth</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">bioRxiv </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2024.02.27.582391; </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="doi_label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.27.582391 </span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-extras" ><div id = "hw-make-citation-3924667" class = "hw-make-citation" data-encoded-apath=";biorxiv;early;2024;06;27;2024.02.27.582391.atom" data-seqnum="3924667"><a href="/highwire-save-citation/saveapath/%3Bbiorxiv%3Bearly%3B2024%3B06%3B27%3B2024.02.27.582391.atom/nojs/3924667" id="link-save-citation-toggle-3924667" class="link-save-citation-save use-ajax hw-link-save-unsave-catation link-icon" title="Save"><span class="icon-plus"></span> <span class="title">Add to Selected Citations</span></a></div></div> </div> </div></li><li class="odd"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node3897461 tooltip-enable" data-node-nid="3897461" id="node-3897461--21077427370" data-pisa="biorxiv;2024.06.13.596099v1" data-pisa-master="biorxiv;2024.06.13.596099" data-seqnum="3897461" data-apath="/biorxiv/early/2024/06/13/2024.06.13.596099.atom" data-hw-abstract-tooltip-instance="highwire_abstract_tooltip" title="Calculating Muscular Driven Speed Estimates for Tyrannosaurus" data-url="/highwire/article_citation_preview/3897461"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-biorxiv-article-pap-list-overline clearfix" > <span class="highwire-cite-title" > <a href="/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.596099v1" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Calculating Muscular Driven Speed Estimates for <em>Tyrannosaurus</em></span></a> </span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Adrian T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Boeye</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Scott</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Swann</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">bioRxiv </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2024.06.13.596099; </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="doi_label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.13.596099 </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-overline highwire-cite-metadata">Confirmatory Results </span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-extras" ><div id = "hw-make-citation-3897461" class = "hw-make-citation" data-encoded-apath=";biorxiv;early;2024;06;13;2024.06.13.596099.atom" data-seqnum="3897461"><a href="/highwire-save-citation/saveapath/%3Bbiorxiv%3Bearly%3B2024%3B06%3B13%3B2024.06.13.596099.atom/nojs/3897461" id="link-save-citation-toggle-3897461" class="link-save-citation-save use-ajax hw-link-save-unsave-catation link-icon" title="Save"><span class="icon-plus"></span> <span class="title">Add to Selected Citations</span></a></div></div> </div> </div></li><li class="even"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node3886137 tooltip-enable" data-node-nid="3886137" id="node-3886137--2828189839" data-pisa="biorxiv;2024.06.07.597871v1" data-pisa-master="biorxiv;2024.06.07.597871" data-seqnum="3886137" data-apath="/biorxiv/early/2024/06/09/2024.06.07.597871.atom" data-hw-abstract-tooltip-instance="highwire_abstract_tooltip" title="A 20+ Ma old enamel proteome from Canada鈥檚 High Arctic reveals diversification of Rhinocerotidae in the middle Eocene-Oligocene" data-url="/highwire/article_citation_preview/3886137"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-biorxiv-article-pap-list-overline clearfix" > <span class="highwire-cite-title" > <a href="/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597871v1" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">A 20+ Ma old enamel proteome from Canada鈥檚 High Arctic reveals diversification of Rhinocerotidae in the middle Eocene-Oligocene</span></a> </span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ryan S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Paterson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Meaghan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mackie</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Alessio</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Capobianco</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Nicola S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heckeberg</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Danielle</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fraser</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Fazeelah</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Munir</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ioannis</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Patramanis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jazm铆n</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ramos-Madrigal</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Shanlin</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">Abigail D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rams酶e</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Marc R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dickinson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">Chlo毛</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Baldreki</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">Marisa</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gilbert</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">Raffaele</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sardella</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">Luca</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bellucci</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">Gabriele</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Scorrano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">Fernando</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Racimo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-given-names">Eske</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Willerslev</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kirsty E.H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Penkman</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="19"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jesper V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Olsen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="20"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ross D.E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">MacPhee</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="21"><span class="nlm-given-names">Natalia</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rybczynski</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="22"><span class="nlm-given-names">Sebastian</span> <span class="nlm-surname">H枚hna</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="23"><span class="nlm-given-names">Enrico</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cappellini</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">bioRxiv </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2024.06.07.597871; </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="doi_label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.07.597871 </span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-extras" ><div id = "hw-make-citation-3886137" class = "hw-make-citation" data-encoded-apath=";biorxiv;early;2024;06;09;2024.06.07.597871.atom" data-seqnum="3886137"><a href="/highwire-save-citation/saveapath/%3Bbiorxiv%3Bearly%3B2024%3B06%3B09%3B2024.06.07.597871.atom/nojs/3886137" id="link-save-citation-toggle-3886137" class="link-save-citation-save use-ajax hw-link-save-unsave-catation link-icon" title="Save"><span class="icon-plus"></span> <span class="title">Add to Selected Citations</span></a></div></div> </div> </div></li><li class="odd"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node3882205 tooltip-enable" data-node-nid="3882205" id="node-3882205--2789990414" data-pisa="biorxiv;2024.06.04.597351v1" data-pisa-master="biorxiv;2024.06.04.597351" data-seqnum="3882205" data-apath="/biorxiv/early/2024/06/06/2024.06.04.597351.atom" data-hw-abstract-tooltip-instance="highwire_abstract_tooltip" title="Post-Eocene Rhinocerotid Dispersal via the North Atlantic" data-url="/highwire/article_citation_preview/3882205"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-biorxiv-article-pap-list-overline clearfix" > <span class="highwire-cite-title" > <a href="/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597351v1" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Post-Eocene Rhinocerotid Dispersal via the North Atlantic</span></a> </span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Danielle</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fraser</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Natalia</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rybczynski</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Marisa</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gilbert</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Mary R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dawson</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">bioRxiv </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2024.06.04.597351; </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="doi_label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.04.597351 </span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-extras" ><div id = "hw-make-citation-3882205" class = "hw-make-citation" data-encoded-apath=";biorxiv;early;2024;06;06;2024.06.04.597351.atom" data-seqnum="3882205"><a href="/highwire-save-citation/saveapath/%3Bbiorxiv%3Bearly%3B2024%3B06%3B06%3B2024.06.04.597351.atom/nojs/3882205" id="link-save-citation-toggle-3882205" class="link-save-citation-save use-ajax hw-link-save-unsave-catation link-icon" title="Save"><span class="icon-plus"></span> <span class="title">Add to Selected Citations</span></a></div></div> </div> </div></li><li class="last even"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node3851297 tooltip-enable" data-node-nid="3851297" id="node-3851297--21759944846" data-pisa="biorxiv;2022.12.24.521859v6" data-pisa-master="biorxiv;2022.12.24.521859" data-seqnum="3851297" data-apath="/biorxiv/early/2024/05/22/2022.12.24.521859.atom" data-hw-abstract-tooltip-instance="highwire_abstract_tooltip" title="The contribution of Mediterranean connectivity to morphological variability in Iron Age sheep of the Eastern Mediterranean" data-url="/highwire/article_citation_preview/3851297"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-biorxiv-article-pap-list-overline clearfix" > <span class="highwire-cite-title" > <a href="/content/10.1101/2022.12.24.521859v6" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">The contribution of Mediterranean connectivity to morphological variability in Iron Age sheep of the Eastern Mediterranean</span></a> </span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Sierra A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Harding</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Angelos</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hadjikoumis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Shyama</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vermeersch</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Roee</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shafir</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Nimrod</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Marom</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">bioRxiv </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2022.12.24.521859; </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="doi_label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.24.521859 </span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-extras" ><div id = "hw-make-citation-3851297" class = "hw-make-citation" data-encoded-apath=";biorxiv;early;2024;05;22;2022.12.24.521859.atom" data-seqnum="3851297"><a href="/highwire-save-citation/saveapath/%3Bbiorxiv%3Bearly%3B2024%3B05%3B22%3B2022.12.24.521859.atom/nojs/3851297" id="link-save-citation-toggle-3851297" class="link-save-citation-save use-ajax hw-link-save-unsave-catation link-icon" title="Save"><span class="icon-plus"></span> <span class="title">Add to Selected Citations</span></a></div></div> </div> </div></li></ul></div></div><h2 class="element-invisible">Pages</h2><div class="pager-wrapper pager-full-pagination clearfix"><div class="highwire-list page-group-first item-list"><ul class="pager pager-items-first"><li class="pager-previous first last odd"><a href="/collection/paleontology?page=2" class="link-icon"><span class="icon-circle-arrow-left"></span> Previous</a></li></ul></div><div class="highwire-list page-group-last item-list"><ul class="pager pager-items-last"><li class="pager-next first last odd"><a href="/collection/paleontology?page=4" class="link-icon link-icon-after">Next <span class="icon-circle-arrow-right"></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="highwire-list page-group-items item-list"><ul class="pager pager-items"><li class="pager-item first odd"><a title="Go to page 1" href="/collection/paleontology">1</a></li><li class="pager-item even"><a title="Go to page 2" href="/collection/paleontology?page=1">2</a></li><li class="pager-item odd"><a title="Go to page 3" href="/collection/paleontology?page=2">3</a></li><li class="pager-current even">4</li><li class="pager-item odd"><a title="Go to page 5" href="/collection/paleontology?page=4">5</a></li><li class="pager-item even"><a title="Go to page 6" href="/collection/paleontology?page=5">6</a></li><li class="pager-item odd"><a title="Go to page 7" href="/collection/paleontology?page=6">7</a></li><li class="pager-item even"><a title="Go to page 8" href="/collection/paleontology?page=7">8</a></li><li class="pager-item odd"><a title="Go to page 9" href="/collection/paleontology?page=8">9</a></li><li class="pager-ellipsis even">…</li><li class="pager-last last odd"><a title="Go to page 37" href="/collection/paleontology?page=36">37</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar-right-wrapper grid-10 omega"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-sidebar-right"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-biorxiv-save-citation-links" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-biorxiv_save_citation_links"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-report-view-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/highwire-save-citation/manage" id="link-save-citation-report" class="link-save-citation-report link-icon"><span class="icon-bookmark"></span> <span class="title">View Selected Citations (0)</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-save-all-action-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <ul class="inline hw-link-save-unsave-all-citation"><li class="save-all-link first"><a href="/highwire-save-citation/save-all/nojs" class="link-save-all-citation-save link-icon" title="Add All Citations" query=""><span class="icon-plus"></span> <span class="title">Add All Citations</span></a></li><li class="unsave-all-link last"><a href="/highwire-save-citation/unsave-all/nojs" class="link-save-all-citation-unsave link-icon" title="Remove All Citations" query=""><span class="icon-ok"></span> <span class="title">Remove All Citations</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-biorxiv-subject-collections" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="panel-flexible panels-flexible-new clearfix" id="mini-panel-biorxiv_subject_collections"> <div class="panel-flexible-inside panels-flexible-new-inside"> <div class="panels-flexible-region panels-flexible-region-new-center panels-flexible-region-first panels-flexible-region-last"> <div class="inside panels-flexible-region-inside panels-flexible-region-new-center-inside panels-flexible-region-inside-first panels-flexible-region-inside-last"> <div class="panel-pane pane-snippet" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="snippet biorxiv-subject-areas-table-title" id="biorxiv-subject-areas-table-title"> <div class="snippet-content"> <b>Subject Areas</b> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="snippet biorxiv-subject-areas-view-papers" id="biorxiv-subject-areas-view-papers"> <div class="snippet-content"> <a href="/content/early/recent"><strong>All Articles</strong></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-subject-collections" > <div class="pane-content"> <ul id="collection" class="collection highwire-list-expand"><li class="outer collection depth-2 child first"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/animal-behavior-and-cognition" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Animal Behavior and Cognition</a> <span class = "article-count">(5878)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/biochemistry" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Biochemistry</a> <span class = "article-count">(13301)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/bioengineering" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Bioengineering</a> <span class = "article-count">(10137)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/bioinformatics" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Bioinformatics</a> <span class = "article-count">(32440)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/biophysics" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Biophysics</a> <span class = "article-count">(16679)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/cancer-biology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Cancer Biology</a> <span class = "article-count">(13769)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/cell-biology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Cell Biology</a> <span class = "article-count">(19568)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/clinical-trials" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Clinical Trials</a> <span class = "article-count">(138)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/developmental-biology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Developmental Biology</a> <span class = "article-count">(10582)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/ecology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Ecology</a> <span class = "article-count">(15673)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/epidemiology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Epidemiology</a> <span class = "article-count">(2067)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/evolutionary-biology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Evolutionary Biology</a> <span class = "article-count">(19979)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/genetics" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Genetics</a> <span class = "article-count">(13186)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/genomics" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Genomics</a> <span class = "article-count">(18295)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/immunology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Immunology</a> <span class = "article-count">(13404)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/microbiology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Microbiology</a> <span class = "article-count">(31376)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/molecular-biology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Molecular Biology</a> <span class = "article-count">(13080)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/neuroscience" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Neuroscience</a> <span class = "article-count">(68430)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/paleontology" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Paleontology</a> <span class = "article-count">(505)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/pathology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Pathology</a> <span class = "article-count">(2117)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/pharmacology-and-toxicology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Pharmacology and Toxicology</a> <span class = "article-count">(3661)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/physiology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Physiology</a> <span class = "article-count">(5704)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/plant-biology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Plant Biology</a> <span class = "article-count">(11731)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/scientific-communication-and-education" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Scientific Communication and Education</a> <span class = "article-count">(1785)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/synthetic-biology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Synthetic Biology</a> <span class = "article-count">(3286)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/systems-biology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Systems Biology</a> <span class = "article-count">(8006)</span></div></li> <li class="outer collection depth-2 child last"><div class = "data-wrapper"><a href="/collection/zoology" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Zoology</a> <span class = "article-count">(1812)</span></div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="region region-page-bottom" id="region-page-bottom"> <div class="region-inner region-page-bottom-inner"> </div> </div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__bnwyEQSuZLC-kZnFqCi5iE02nOCzM7DjY7zYxcN9nsQ__VBiBT_qq_eHMMO2Q1rXK1u-hHff31XLUkmi9dgjuPeY__qBi1_IxBCit5cy0kPEESEYug8-viuvcJTeXx_XfvdJM.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//d33xdlntwy0kbs.cloudfront.net/cshl_custom.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__BmqjBnkz3MgYCAoc25s1lDRMEjLhC3mEPVonUFIHi08__Unwv5-ZIuHBfFwytsjEx1niBVJ7n1T4lPws7VrkHXM4__qBi1_IxBCit5cy0kPEESEYug8-viuvcJTeXx_XfvdJM.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- function euCookieComplianceLoadScripts() {} //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- var eu_cookie_compliance_cookie_name = ""; //--><!]]> </script> </body> </html>