Influenza Vaccine Failed to Affect Infection Risk with Other Respiratory Viruses

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Edward A. Belongia, MD, of the Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation in Wisconsin, and researchers reported data on nasopharyngeal samples collected from 2,010 children and 1,738 adults with respiratory illnesses "/><meta id="metaKeywords" name="keywords" content="Pediatric Annals,Pediatrics,Adolescent Medicine,Trend Watch"/><meta id="Meta1" name="scID"/><meta id="scID" name="scID"/><meta name="PostedDate" content="2013-08-01"/> <meta name="specialties" content="Pediatrics,Adolescent Medicine"/> <meta name="specialty" content="Pediatrics"/> <meta name="specialty" content="Adolescent Medicine"/> <meta name="primary_specialty" content="Pediatrics"/> <meta name="departments" content="Trend Watch"/> <meta name="department" content="Trend Watch"/> <meta name="content_type" content="Journal Article"/> <meta name="pageid" content="{ADAB0DC6-2803-4ED2-A4E1-D15835BED578}"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604im_/http://213a1ca8842e5e699a80-05ce35571e92a3f7383a191aa5840bba.r66.cf1.rackcdn.com/healio_safe_image.png"/><meta name="pubabbv" content="PedAnn"/><meta name="authors" content=""/><meta name="articleid" content="{ADAB0DC6-2803-4ED2-A4E1-D15835BED578}"/><meta name="legacyarticleid" content=""/><meta name="article-title" content="Influenza Vaccine Failed to Affect Infection Risk with Other Respiratory Viruses"/><meta name="article-link" content="/pediatrics/journals/PedAnn/{ADAB0DC6-2803-4ED2-A4E1-D15835BED578}/Influenza-Vaccine-Failed-to-Affect-Infection-Risk-with-Other-Respiratory-Viruses"/><meta name="doi" content="10.3928/00904481-20130723-02"/><meta name="pubname" content="Pediatric Annals"/><meta name="pubtype" content="print"/><meta name="author" content=""/>  <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604cs_/http://c341130.r30.cf1.rackcdn.com/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>  <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604cs_/http://c341130.r30.cf1.rackcdn.com/styles2.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604cs_/http://c341130.r30.cf1.rackcdn.com/tb-ec-lb-min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen"/><link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604cs_/http://0043b493b06d545127da-d7c71b4c9ba1dd44e0cf6fa474e637d7.r99.cf1.rackcdn.com/healiojobs.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604cs_/http://6af4390358a281e0b439-028b17272c3ee5c2953a93a8c54187e2.r22.cf1.rackcdn.com/MediaKits.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>   <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.2/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://cdn.jquerytools.org/1.2.7/full/jquery.tools.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">$j = $.noConflict();</script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://c341136.r36.cf1.rackcdn.com/easySlider-min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://c341136.r36.cf1.rackcdn.com/jquery.pager.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://c341136.r36.cf1.rackcdn.com/jquery.jqprint-0.3.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://c341136.r36.cf1.rackcdn.com/thickbox-compressed.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://c341136.r36.cf1.rackcdn.com/jquery.lightbox-0.5.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://c341136.r36.cf1.rackcdn.com/swfobject.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://c341136.r36.cf1.rackcdn.com/ecommerce-min.js" type="text/javascript" language="javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://c341136.r36.cf1.rackcdn.com/functions-min.js" type="text/javascript" language="javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://c341136.r36.cf1.rackcdn.com/checkout-min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://c341136.r36.cf1.rackcdn.com/jquery.url.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://50f7680153f6cba9e65f-a4a4842ad50f9edc1b98e79695b0495a.r26.cf1.rackcdn.com/WaterMark.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://50f7680153f6cba9e65f-a4a4842ad50f9edc1b98e79695b0495a.r26.cf1.rackcdn.com/registration.js" type="text/javascript"></script>  <script type="text/javascript"> $(function () { if (window.PIE) { $('#main-content.mtg').each(function () { PIE.attach(this); 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class="journal-tab-group"><ul class="journal-tabs"><li><a href="/web/20130827043604/http://www.healio.com/journals/pedann">Current Issue</a></li><li><a href="/web/20130827043604/http://www.healio.com/journals/pedann/m/past-issues">Past Issues</a></li></ul><div class="journal-panes"><div class="abstract-content"><p class="kicker-top">Trend Watch </p><h2><a href="#">Influenza Vaccine Failed to Affect Infection Risk with Other Respiratory Viruses</a></h2><div class="journal-info"><ul class="full-text"><li class="header">Read Full Text Article</li><li class="html"><a class="active" title="View Html Version" alt="View Html Version" rel="nofollow" href="/web/20130827043604/http://www.healio.com/buy-journal-or-article?a={ADAB0DC6-2803-4ED2-A4E1-D15835BED578}&amp;returnUrl=%2fpediatrics%2fjournals%2fPedAnn%2f%7bADAB0DC6-2803-4ED2-A4E1-D15835BED578%7d%2fInfluenza-Vaccine-Failed-to-Affect-Infection-Risk-with-Other-Respiratory-Viruses&amp;jrnl=J0212">Html Icon</a></li><li class="pdf"><a id="pdf" href="/web/20130827043604/http://www.healio.com/buy-journal-or-article?a={ADAB0DC6-2803-4ED2-A4E1-D15835BED578}&amp;returnUrl=%2fpediatrics%2fjournals%2fPedAnn%2f%7bADAB0DC6-2803-4ED2-A4E1-D15835BED578%7d%2fInfluenza-Vaccine-Failed-to-Affect-Infection-Risk-with-Other-Respiratory-Viruses'%3Fpdf%3D1'&amp;jrnl=J0212" class="active" title="View Pdf Version" alt="View Pdf Version" rel="nofollow">Pdf Icon</a></li></ul><ul class="article-citation"><li>Pediatric Annals</li><li>August 2013 - Volume 42 · Issue 8: 302-305</li><li class="doi">DOI: 10.3928/00904481-20130723-02</li></ul></div><div class="copyrights" style="float:right;"><a onclick="RightsLinkPopUpV2();" href="#"><img alt="Rights and Permissions" title="Rights and Permissions" border="0" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604im_/http://213a1ca8842e5e699a80-05ce35571e92a3f7383a191aa5840bba.r66.cf1.rackcdn.com/request-permissions.gif"></img></a><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">function RightsLinkPopUpV2() { var location="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604/https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=slack&publication=0090-4481&contentID=10.3928/00904481-20130723-02&publicationDate=2013&copyright=Copyright%20%26copy%3B%202013%2C%20Slack%20Inc.&title=Influenza%20Vaccine%20Failed%20to%20Affect%20Infection%20Risk%20with%20Other%20Respiratory%20Viruses&volumeNum=42&issueNum=8&author=%26orderBeanReset%3DTRUE"; window.open(location,'RightsLink','location=no,toolbar=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=650,height=550'); } </script></div><div class="article-tab-group"><ul class="article-tabs"><li><a id="anchor-tab-article" href="/web/20130827043604/http://www.healio.com/buy-journal-or-article?a={ADAB0DC6-2803-4ED2-A4E1-D15835BED578}&amp;returnUrl=%2fpediatrics%2fjournals%2fPedAnn%2f%7bADAB0DC6-2803-4ED2-A4E1-D15835BED578%7d%2fInfluenza-Vaccine-Failed-to-Affect-Infection-Risk-with-Other-Respiratory-Viruses'%3Ffulltext%3D1'&amp;jrnl=J0212">Article</a></li><li class="cite-link"><a href="#" onclick="showCitation();">Get Citation</a><script type="text/javascript">function showCitation() {var w = window.open('', '', 'width=400,height=400,resizeable,scrollbars');w.document.write(' Influenza Vaccine Failed to Affect Infection Risk with Other Respiratory Viruses. <i>Pediatr Ann.</i> 2013; 42: 302-305. doi: 10.3928/00904481-20130723-02 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604/http://www.healio.com/pediatrics/journals/PedAnn/{ADAB0DC6-2803-4ED2-A4E1-D15835BED578}/Influenza-Vaccine-Failed-to-Affect-Infection-Risk-with-Other-Respiratory-Viruses">[link]</a>');w.document.close(); }</script></li></ul></div><div id="articleBody"><div class="ftContainer"> <div class="ftArticle"> <p>Children who received influenza vaccines were not more likely to have other respiratory viruses, contrary to children in other study samples, according to study data published online.</p> <p><strong>Edward A. Belongia, MD</strong>, of the Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation in Wisconsin, and researchers reported data on nasopharyngeal samples collected from 2,010 children and 1,738 adults with respiratory illnesses between 2004 and 2010.</p> <p>The researchers noted influenza in 12% of the children and about 20% of the adults. Other non-influenza respiratory viruses were detected in 70% of children and 38% of adults who did not have influenza. Belongia and colleagues noted that their findings are inconsistent with other studies, which have shown a greater incidence of respiratory viruses associated with influenza vaccines. However, they wrote: “We cannot rule out the possibility that vaccination may alter susceptibility to non-influenza viruses in some circumstances. There is limited biological evidence to support an effect of nonspecific immunity across virus families or species, and limited evidence to support the role of vaccination in such immunity.”</p> <p>Sundaram ME. <em>Clin Infect Dis J</em>. 2013;doi:10.1093/cid/cit379.</p> <p><strong>Disclosure</strong>: All of the study researchers are employed by the Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation in Wisconsin.</p> <div class="ftSection"> <h3>Respiratory Infections May Increase Infants’ Risk for Diabetes</h3> <p>Respiratory infections in early childhood, especially in the first year of life, may be a risk factor for the development of type 1 diabetes, according to data.</p> <p>In a prospective cohort study conducted in Munich, researchers examined data for 148 children at high risk for developing type 1 diabetes with documentation of 1,245 infectious events in 90,750 person-days during their first 3 years of life. Documentation was collected from the ongoing BABYDIET study, a German dietary intervention study that tests the effects of delayed gluten exposure on the development of islet autoimmunity in children at increased risk for diabetes, researchers wrote.</p> <p>The HR for islet autoantibody seroconversion associated with respiratory infections was increased during the first 6 months of life (HR=2.27; 95% CI, 1.32–3.91) and for those aged 6 to 11.9 months (HR=1.32; 95% CI, 1.08–1.61).</p> <p>According to data, a higher number of respiratory infections were reported in the 6 months before islet autoantibody seroconversion and also were associated with an increased HR (HR=1.42; 95% CI, 1.12–1.80), the researchers wrote.</p> <p>“While there were no islet autoantibody seroconversion events observed in the first 6 months of life, the incidence rates of seroconversion per 100 person-years were 8.51 in the second-half year, 4.07 in the second year, and 3.67 in the third year of life. The mean incidences of the three infection categories also increased considerably after the first 6 months of life and remained relatively constant thereafter, with a slight decline in the third year of life,” researchers wrote.</p> <p>Besides these findings, there is some evidence connecting short-term effects of infectious events and the development of autoimmunity, they wrote.</p> <p>Beyerlein A. <em>JAMA Pediatr</em>. 2013;doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.158.</p> <p><strong>Disclosure</strong>: The researchers report no relevant financial disclosures.</p> </div> <div class="ftSection"> <h3>Children with Autism May Have Elevated Immune Response to Gluten</h3> <p>Children with autism displayed increased immune reactivity to gluten proteins compared with developmentally healthy children, recent findings suggest. The increased immunoglobulin G antibody response appeared to be related to gastrointestinal symptoms commonly found in children afflicted by the disorder, but there was no connection to celiac disease.</p> <p>“It should be noted that the increased antibody response to gluten does not necessarily indicate sensitivity to gluten or any disease-causing role for the antibodies in the context of autism,” study researcher <strong>Armin Alaedini, PhD</strong>, assistant professor of medical sciences at Columbia University, told <em>Pediatric Annals</em>. “But gaining a better understanding of it may yield novel clues about autism or offer biomarkers to identify a subset of patients who would respond to certain treatment strategies.”</p> <p>Alaedini and colleagues studied blood samples and medical records of 140 children, including 37 with autism, 27 of their unaffected siblings, and 76 unrelated healthy controls. All children with autism in the study had met criteria based on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised. The researchers tested serum specimens for antibodies to the gliadin class of proteins, and children with autism were genotyped for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8, the two primary gene alleles strongly associated with celiac disease.</p> <p>Study results indicated that children with autism had significantly higher levels of IgG antibody to gliadin vs. healthy controls (P<.01). Children with autism also had higher antibody levels compared with their unaffected siblings, but the difference was not significant. Autistic children with gastrointestinal symptoms displayed significantly greater anti-gliadin antibody response vs. autistic children without gastrointestinal symptoms (P<.01).</p> <p>The researchers observed no relationship between gluten sensitivity and specific serologic markers of celiac disease or the presence of the HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8.</p> <p>According to Alaedini and colleagues, damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier in children with autism may cause intestinal barrier dysfunction, exposing the immune system to partially digested gluten. The increased exposure may result in the heightened immune response observed in children with autism.</p> <p>Future research should focus on the elevated immune response to gluten as a possible source of biomarkers for a subset of children with autism, the researchers added.</p> <p>Lau NM. <em>PLoS One</em>. 2013;doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066155.</p> <p><strong>Disclosure</strong>: The researchers report no relevant financial disclosures.</p> </div> <div class="ftSection"> <h3>Guidelines Target Unnecessary Pediatric Antibiotic Use for Sinusitis</h3> <p>Guidelines that focus on the severity of acute uncomplicated sinusitis in children can help identify those who will benefit from antimicrobial therapy and reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics, according to a technical report published in <em>Pediatrics</em>.</p> <p>“Acute bacterial sinusitis is reported as a complication of 5% to 10% of upper respiratory tract infections in children and is one of the more common indications for antibiotic use in the United States,” said <strong>Michael J. Smith, MD, MSCE</strong>, assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Louisville School of Medicine.</p> <p>This technical report is an update to the 2001 report accompanying the AAP published clinical practice guidelines for the management of acute bacterial sinusitis in children.</p> <p>According to Smith, data are limited to help guide diagnosis and treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis in children. Results of the four placebo-controlled studies of antimicrobial therapy in children vary.</p> <p>“It is clear that some children with sinusitis benefit from antibiotic use and some do not,” Smith wrote.</p> <p>See the full report for more information.</p> <p>Smith MJ. <em>Pediatrics.</em> 2013;doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1072.</p> <p><strong>Disclosure</strong>: The researcher reports no relevant financial disclosures.</p> </div> <div class="ftSection"> <h3>One-Fifth of Adolescents Suffered TBI</h3> <p>The estimated lifetime prevalence of traumatic brain injury among adolescents was approximately 20%, according to data published in <em>JAMA</em>. Also, the use of cannabis or alcohol in the past year significantly increased the risk for traumatic brain injury.</p> <p>“Traumatic brain injury (TBI) among adolescents has been identified as an important health priority,” researchers wrote. “However, studies of TBI among adolescents in large representative samples are lacking. This information is important to the planning and evaluation of injury prevention efforts, particularly because even minor TBI may have important adverse consequences.”</p> <p><strong>Gabriela Ilie, PhD</strong>, of the Injury Prevention Research Office at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto, and colleagues examined data from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health’s 2011 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, a population student survey of seventh through 12th graders.</p> <p>TBI was defined as “an acquired head injury in which the student was unconscious for at least 5 minutes or hospitalized overnight.”</p> <p>An estimated 20.2% (95% CI, 18.1%–22.4%) of adolescents had at least one TBI during their lives; 5.6% (95% CI, 4.2%–7.5%) of adolescents reported at least one TBI in the past year (6.9% of boys vs. 4.3% of girls), and 14.6% (95% CI, 13.4%–15.9%) said they suffered a TBI but not in the past year (16.2% of boys and 12.8% of girls).</p> <p>Results also indicated that sports injuries accounted for 56% (95% CI, 50.5%–63%) of TBIs in the cohort, and were more common among boys (63.3% vs. 46.9% of girls).</p> <p>Adolescents who reported poor school grades were at an almost fourfold increased risk (OR=3.93; 95% CI, 2.13–7.27) for TBI compared with students who reported high grades. Adolescents who said they occasionally or frequently used cannabis or alcohol in the past year also were at a significantly increased risk for TBI. For example, students who used cannabis 10 or more times in the past year were more likely (OR=4.28; 95% CI, 3.05–6.02) to suffer a TBI compared with abstainers.</p> <p>“The relationship among TBI, substance use, and poorer academic performance needs further investigation,” the researchers wrote. “The magnitude of the prevalence estimates and the associated risks identified within this representative sample support suggestions to improve understanding, prevention, and response to TBI among adolescents.”</p> <p>Ilie G. <em>JAMA</em>. 2013;309:2550–2552.</p> <p><strong>Disclosure</strong>: The researchers report no relevant financial disclosures.</p> </div> <div class="ftSection"> <h3>White Teenage Girls Hospitalized More Often for Chronic Pain</h3> <p>Female teenagers are more likely to be admitted to the hospital with chronic pain, especially related to gastrointestinal or psychiatric conditions, according to recent study findings published in <em>Pediatrics.</em></p> <p>“Admissions for chronic pain are rising and account for substantial resource utilizations,” researchers wrote. “Future studies should further characterize this population with the overall objective of improving and optimizing cost-effective care.”</p> <p>The study included 3,752 children admitted with chronic pain from 2004 to 2010. Demographic characteristics, length of stay, readmission rates, diagnoses and procedures were all evaluated.</p> <p>Researchers found that admissions increased 831% during the study time period. The mean age of patients was 13.5 years, 79% were white, and girls outnumbered boys by 2.41:1.</p> <p>Abdominal pain was the most common admission and principal discharge diagnosis. Researchers also found that comorbid diagnoses were common, with a mean of 10 per patient. Sixty-five percent of patients had a gastrointestinal comorbid diagnosis and 44% had a psychiatric diagnosis. The mean length of stay was 7.32 days, and 12.5% were readmitted at least once within 1 year. There was a mean of 3.18 procedures per patient.</p> <p>“Children admitted to the inpatient setting with chronic pain are most commonly white adolescent females who have a wide variety of comorbid conditions, many of which are gastrointestinal, psychiatric, and musculoskeletal in nature,” researchers wrote. “Abdominal pain and headaches occur in a substantial portion of these patients.”</p> <p>Coffelt TA. <em>Pediatrics.</em> 2013;doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1739.</p> <p><strong>Disclosure</strong>: The researchers report no relevant financial disclosures.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div><p>10.3928/00904481-20130723-02</p><p><div class="fb-like" data-href="" data-send="true" data-width="450" data-show-faces="true"></div></p><ul class="share"><li><a id="twitter" href="javascript:void(0)" target="_new"></a></li><li><a id="facebook" href="javascript:void(0)" target="_new"></a></li><li><a id="linkedin" href="javascript:void(0)"></a></li><li><span class="db-wrapper"><span class="g-plusone" data-size="tall" data-annotation="none"></span></span></li><li><a id="email" href="javascript:void(0)"></a></li><li class="last"><a id="print" href="javascript:void(0)"></a></li></ul><div id="respond"><script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var idcomments_acct = 'aa6ff53f9870e40f92f83e1b5df3cddf'; var idcomments_post_id = 'adab0dc6-2803-4ed2-a4e1-d15835bed578'; var idcomments_post_url; </script> <span id="IDCommentsPostTitle" style="display: none"></span> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827043604js_/http://www.intensedebate.com/js/genericCommentWrapperV2.js"></script><p class="comment-notes">Healio is intended for health care provider use and all comments will be posted at the discretion of the editors. 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Influenza Vaccine Failed to Affect Infection Risk with Other Respiratory Viruses | Pediatric Annals