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20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">38</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">4</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">4</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/ArthurLurigio/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://kansas.academia.edu/OmriGillath"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Omri Gillath" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/12229/4074/34123846/s200_omri.gillath.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://kansas.academia.edu/OmriGillath">Omri Gillath</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Kansas</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://harvard.academia.edu/StevenPinker"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Steven Pinker" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/12758/4264/18675036/s200_steven.pinker.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/StevenPinker">Steven Pinker</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Harvard University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://ibnhaldun.academia.edu/TimothyJordan"><img class="profile-avatar 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ds2-5-body-xs">University of Alberta</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://herts.academia.edu/KeithLaws"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Keith Laws" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/237753/52050/57634/s200_keith.laws.237753" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://herts.academia.edu/KeithLaws">Keith Laws</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Hertfordshire</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://sheffield.academia.edu/ThomasWebb"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Thomas L Webb" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1234573/448647/42659827/s200_thomas.webb.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://sheffield.academia.edu/ThomasWebb">Thomas L Webb</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">The University of Sheffield</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://olemiss.academia.edu/KellyWilson"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Kelly G . Wilson" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4628390/1936769/2291809/s200_kelly.wilson.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://olemiss.academia.edu/KellyWilson">Kelly G . Wilson</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Mississippi</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://wellesley.academia.edu/JonathanCheek"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Jonathan Cheek" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4742070/2009074/2370028/s200_jonathan.cheek.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://wellesley.academia.edu/JonathanCheek">Jonathan Cheek</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Wellesley College</p></div></div></ul></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="93124" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://luc.academia.edu/ArthurLurigio","location":"/ArthurLurigio","scheme":"https","host":"luc.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ArthurLurigio","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Psychology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-472e0ff2-5f6d-4daf-832b-212bc8848999"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-472e0ff2-5f6d-4daf-832b-212bc8848999"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Arthur Lurigio</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627399"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627399/Crime_Stoppers_A_National_Evaluation_of_Program_Operations_and_Effects_1984"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Crime Stoppers: A National Evaluation of Program Operations and Effects, 1984" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121333893/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627399/Crime_Stoppers_A_National_Evaluation_of_Program_Operations_and_Effects_1984">Crime Stoppers: A National Evaluation of Program Operations and Effects, 1984</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>ICPSR Data Holdings</span><span>, Oct 16, 1990</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="98f64ea039eb3f6a4a0e1a6e233481ac" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121333893,"asset_id":127627399,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121333893/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627399"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627399"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627399; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627397"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627397/Drug_Use_Disorders_and_Recovery"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Drug Use Disorders and Recovery" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121333889/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627397/Drug_Use_Disorders_and_Recovery">Drug Use Disorders and Recovery</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>InTech eBooks</span><span>, Oct 26, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Drug abuse and dependence disorders are chronic but treatable brain diseases, involving compulsiv...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Drug abuse and dependence disorders are chronic but treatable brain diseases, involving compulsive drug-seeking and -using behaviors that persist despite immediate or potentially harmful consequences for users and their families and communities. Drug abuse and dependence are serious threats to public health and safety, costing hundreds of billions of dollars in yearly healthcare expenditures, crime, poor work productivity, and job loss (Hoffman & Fromeke, 2007). For example, illegal drug use in the United States cost nearly 200 billion dollars in 2002; approximately two-thirds of the costs (129 billion) were economic losses attributable to people's inability to work because of drug-precipitated illness, premature death, or incarceration. The treatment of the healthcare problems of drug addicts cost 16 billion dollars, while drug-related criminal justice and welfare costs totaled 36 billion dollars in 2002 (Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2004). Addiction also can result in intangible costs, such as homelessness, academic failure, and troubled relationships, and is one of the most pervasive and intransigent mental health disorders in the world, affecting the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of millions of people annually (World Health Organization, 2004). Drugs are psychoactive substances that change moods and behaviors by altering brain chemistry and function . Drugs of abuse include medically prescribed (e.g., barbiturates and pain relievers), legal (e.g., alcohol and nicotine), and illegal (e.g., marijuana and heroin) substances. Some drugs, such as alcohol, have been used since ancient times, whereas others, such as methamphetamine and designer drugs (e.g., Ecstasy), are relatively new. People consume drugs to feel good (some drugs produce euphoria, confidence, and relaxation), to keep from feeling bad (some drugs combat anxiety, depression, and hopelessness), to accelerate performance (some drugs sharpen attention and enhance physical strength and athletic prowess), and to experience altered sensory perceptions (some drugs cause visual, auditory, or tactile hallucinations) (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2007). Drugs of abuse can be classified into five groups according to effects. The first class consists of stimulants, which increase alertness and decrease fatigue; examples include <a href="http://www.intechopen.com" rel="nofollow">www.intechopen.com</a> Psychiatric Disorders -Trends and Developments 320 amphetamines, Benzedrine, caffeine, Dexedrine, ephedrine, and nicotine. The second class consists of depressants, which reduce tension, alleviate nervousness, and induce sedation. Among these drugs are Nembutal, Seconal, Tunial, Veronal, Valium, and Xanax. The third class, hallucinogens, changes sensory perceptions; examples include cannabis, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), Mescaline, Phencyclidine (PCP), and psilocybin. The fourth class consists of opiates, which induce sleep, euphoria, and relaxation as well as relieve pain and anxiety; opiates include codeine, heroin, opium, OxyContin, Percodan, and morphine. The fifth class consists of performance enhancers; they increase athletic strength and speed and stimulate the growth and recovery of skeletal muscles. Anadrol, Depo-Testosterone, Dianabol, and Winstrol are some examples of such performance enhancers (Abadinsky, 2007). Drug abusers typically prefer one class of drugs over others. However, when they have difficulty obtaining their drug of choice, they often turn to other drugs in the same class that produce similar effects. Psychoactive drugs in the same class can be compared on the basis of their potency and efficacy. The potency of a drug is the amount that must be ingested to produce a desired effect whereas efficacy is a drug's ability to produce a desired effect regardless of dosage. Both the strength and the potency of a substance can determine an abuser's drug of choice as well as the drug's potential for abuse and dependence (see below) (NIDA, 2007). Drug use can escalate to substance use disorders: abuse or dependence. The progression to uncontrolled use depends on several risk factors. For example, biological factors play a role in addiction; in other words, genetics can predispose a person to addictive behavior-a predisposition that is shared among close biological relatives. Scientists estimate that genes account for nearly half of a person's vulnerability to a substance use disorder (NIDA, 2007). Age of first use and psychiatric history are also important factors for explaining drug use problems. Younger users are more likely to become addicted because developing adolescent brains are more susceptible to a drug's ability to change brain chemistry and functions. Likewise, people with mental illness are also more likely to abuse or become dependent on drugs. In addition, a person's exposure to a parent's or a peer's use of drugs can increase his or her risk of addiction. The mode of drug ingestion can also raise the potential for abuse and dependence: a drug that is inhaled or injected is more addictive than one that is ingested orally. Inhalation and injection send the drug to the brain faster and produce more intense highs and lows. Drug-seeking behavior intensifies in response to the cycle of peaks and valleys that the user experiences (Hoffman & Fromeke, 2007). Psychoactive drugs are thought to become addictive through their activation of the brain's mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway, extending from the brain's ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens to the frontal cortex. Drugs of abuse stimulate this pleasure circuit by increasing the amount of dopamine in the brain two-to ten-fold, creating an extremely pleasurable experience for users that compels them to repeat the incident. Drugs of abuse either mimic the effects of dopamine on neurotransmitters (i.e., they act as agonists) or block the re-absorption of dopamine so that it can continue to activate neurons (i.e., they act as antagonists). Eventually, the brain shuts down its own production of dopamine, causing the user to ingest the drug merely to stave off feelings of listlessness, depression, and other withdrawal symptoms. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627385"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627385/Understanding_Judges_Sentencing_Decisions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Understanding Judges’ Sentencing Decisions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627385/Understanding_Judges_Sentencing_Decisions">Understanding Judges’ Sentencing Decisions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social psychological applications to social issues</span><span>, 1994</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To paraphrase Hogarth (1971), judicial sentencing is a process involving human judgment and decis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To paraphrase Hogarth (1971), judicial sentencing is a process involving human judgment and decision making with all its pitfalls and limitations. Examining how judges organize, interpret, and use information about offenders is crucial to the explanation of this process and its outcomes. As Lawrence (1984) has noted, however, “little empirical evidence has been available on how judicial decisions are made” (p. 319). Since 1984, a few studies have investigated the decisionmaking processes underlying judicial sentencing; nonetheless, empirical research and conceptual development in the area are still very limited.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627385"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627385"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627385; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627385]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627385]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627385; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127627385']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127627385]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127627385,"title":"Understanding Judges’ Sentencing Decisions","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127627385/Understanding_Judges_Sentencing_Decisions","owner_id":93124,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":93124,"first_name":"Arthur","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Lurigio","page_name":"ArthurLurigio","domain_name":"luc","created_at":"2009-12-01T11:31:25.950-08:00","display_name":"Arthur Lurigio","url":"https://luc.academia.edu/ArthurLurigio"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627383"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627383/The_Long_Term_Effects_of_Prison_Based_Drug_Treatment_and_Aftercare_Services_on_Recidivism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Long-Term Effects of Prison-Based Drug Treatment and Aftercare Services on Recidivism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121333903/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627383/The_Long_Term_Effects_of_Prison_Based_Drug_Treatment_and_Aftercare_Services_on_Recidivism">The Long-Term Effects of Prison-Based Drug Treatment and Aftercare Services on Recidivism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Offender Rehabilitation</span><span>, Nov 5, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article examines recidivism among a cohort of formerly incarcerated people released from the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article examines recidivism among a cohort of formerly incarcerated people released from the Sheridan Correctional Center (SCC), a dedicated drug treatment facility based on a Therapeutic Community (TC) model of prison-based drug treatment. After an average of 6.9 years post-release, the SCC releasees had a 15% lower likelihood of recidivism than the comparison group, and a 44% reduction in the likelihood of recidivism when both prison-based drug treatment and aftercare programming were accessed. The current analyses showed that the beneficial effects of prison-based drug treatment were bolstered by aftercare services and continued long after release from prison. This article presents a study of a cohort of formerly incarcerated people released from the Sheridan Correctional Center (SCC). The center is one of the 25 adult correctional centers operating under the auspices of the Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC). The SCC is a dedicated drug-treatment facility based on a therapeutic community (TC) model of prison-based drug treatment. The current evaluation of the SCC is one of the few to include a follow-up period of more than five years postrelease. In addition, the study involved large samples of released inmates in both treatment and comparison groups, and generated four regression models with several statistical controls. Finally, the investigation analyzed the effects of TC treatment alone and with aftercare services on prison readmission rates.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6d65ce3fd408b50a7d94dfd7e6876bf5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121333903,"asset_id":127627383,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121333903/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627383"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627383; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627383]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627383; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127627383']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6d65ce3fd408b50a7d94dfd7e6876bf5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127627383]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127627383,"title":"The Long-Term Effects of Prison-Based Drug Treatment and Aftercare Services on Recidivism","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127627383/The_Long_Term_Effects_of_Prison_Based_Drug_Treatment_and_Aftercare_Services_on_Recidivism","owner_id":93124,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":93124,"first_name":"Arthur","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Lurigio","page_name":"ArthurLurigio","domain_name":"luc","created_at":"2009-12-01T11:31:25.950-08:00","display_name":"Arthur Lurigio","url":"https://luc.academia.edu/ArthurLurigio"},"attachments":[{"id":121333903,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121333903/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10509674.2014.95696520250213-1-xg460z.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121333903/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Long_Term_Effects_of_Prison_Based_Dr.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/121333903/10509674.2014.95696520250213-1-xg460z-libre.pdf?1739461780=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Long_Term_Effects_of_Prison_Based_Dr.pdf\u0026Expires=1740541660\u0026Signature=H0cZaObhDCP8cQuo0RwCsMkwQXIAvXV4wbmjsfCyT8if6pT21Kkhp5V8WhA3xb2Puw8NUcvpcM-nEWVDIbW2yvf9rD9Ycbt-5LpqRKIQ8NY1Uuve~QNKMAZwekn~TBeoRNzb8FGOSu8JHVLM21WeYyEvP8j9ezT6QzB6WryZkcERt6SI7Wx22~91VU3vY7zVpDGVCuKoB39MwxI3fo3qiPpwDS7eBc8rOL5k1mIcoDh96O5C14bw3mwtINQLVc4k6pZFiD~xKRh6uTjj7ngM6n7xKbudJlU-3AKWz3CSSc9uo9d4-OPWIccJTcSEqcXu-N2mE5oESFn3EuRlq-6G7Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627381"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627381/Enhancing_Citizen_Participation_and_Solving_Serious_Crime_A_National_Evaluation_of_Crime_Stoppers_Programs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Enhancing Citizen Participation and Solving Serious Crime: A National Evaluation of Crime Stoppers Programs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121333904/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627381/Enhancing_Citizen_Participation_and_Solving_Serious_Crime_A_National_Evaluation_of_Crime_Stoppers_Programs">Enhancing Citizen Participation and Solving Serious Crime: A National Evaluation of Crime Stoppers Programs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Crime & Delinquency</span><span>, Jul 1, 1989</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7ef70841d9bf7795a037ff84db8cd44b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121333904,"asset_id":127627381,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121333904/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627381"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627381"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627381; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627381]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627381]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627381; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127627381']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627378"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627378/Fighting_Back_Neighborhood_Antidrug_Strategies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Fighting Back: Neighborhood Antidrug Strategies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627378/Fighting_Back_Neighborhood_Antidrug_Strategies">Fighting Back: Neighborhood Antidrug Strategies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627378"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627378"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627378; 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Wexler: An Unwavering Voice for Addiction Recovery and Criminal Justice Reform" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121333899/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627369/Harry_K_Wexler_An_Unwavering_Voice_for_Addiction_Recovery_and_Criminal_Justice_Reform">Harry K. Wexler: An Unwavering Voice for Addiction Recovery and Criminal Justice Reform</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Prison Journal</span><span>, Nov 8, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Harry was a creative and analytic thinker, always searching for new and more effective strategies...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Harry was a creative and analytic thinker, always searching for new and more effective strategies to make clients' lives better, safer, and more satisfying. He was passionate about his research, clinical practice, advocacy, and teaching. In each endeavor, he expressed an unrelenting desire to serve others. In his turbulent adolescence, Harry recognized his own need for searing self-reflection and dramatic change. With his customary ebullience and ingenuousness, he openly discussed his struggles in a 2014 TEDxNYU talk titled "The Power of Disability." Indeed, he overcame academic challenges in high school and a lifelong stuttering problem; the former is evidenced by his impressive academic achievements (BS, Emerson College; PhD, Yeshiva University) and scholarship, and the latter by his many professional and public presentations on a variety of topics, mostly regarding substance abuse treatment. In Harry's words, "Vulnerability is not a weakness, but an opportunity for [strength building and change]" (). Harry was utterly devoted to alleviating people's psychological pain and improving their lives through various instrumentalities and media. His clinical practice was thriving during his 70s. He was a powerful change agentone person at a time, one group at a time, one state at a time. As a fellow psychologist, I admired his clinical prowess as well as his great sensitivity, warmth, genuineness, wisdom, perspicacity, and compassion. I recall the many times he abruptly ended our conversations to respond to a patient's emergency. As a fellow researcher, I appreciated his methodological skills and abundant knowledge of scholarship on addiction and treatment. As a friend, I felt buoyed by his contagious smile and comforted by his calm and reassuring nature. Simply put, Harry was a respected and respectful colleague, a consummate and perennial professional, and an affectionate and supportive comrade.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="823149f2faa2f8e80aae605551130702" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121333899,"asset_id":127627369,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121333899/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627369"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627369"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627369; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627369]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627369]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627369; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127627369']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "823149f2faa2f8e80aae605551130702" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127627369]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127627369,"title":"Harry K. 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Such remedies can hold accountable nonperpetrators of criminal activities, such as property and business owners, if those activities occur on the premises of the buildings or establishments that they are responsible for managing. Known as third-party policing, civil abatement strategies can also seek equity for non-criminal behaviors (e.g., standing in a public way), which are deemed to pose a threat to public safety, disrupt social order, and precipitate subsequent crimes. For example, antigang and antidrug ordinances are designed to alter situations or environments that provide opportunities for criminal activities. By bringing petitions to the civil courts, injunctions can be issued against the agents of public nuisances, such as known gang members who threaten the public by loitering on the streets or drug sellers who operate clandestinely from apartment buildings or drinking establishments. Violations of court injunctions can result in the closure of a property, the loss of a liquor license, or an arrest. The uses of civil remedies to curtail or eradicate gang and drug activities have been challenged in the courts. For example, antiloitering ordinances have been found to be too vague in their proscriptions, too broad in their scope, and too nebulous in their targeting of residents. Such ordinances have also been found in violation of First or Fourteenth Amendment Rights. Nuisance abatement programs to reduce drug selling on private properties have resulted in modest successes in terms of enlisting property owners’ cooperation in evicting dealers from apartment buildings and appear to be effective with only an issuance of warning letters to landlords.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627362"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627362"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627362; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627362]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627362]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627362; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127627362']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127627362]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127627362,"title":"Use of Civil Abatement to Combat Public Nuisances and Crime","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127627362/Use_of_Civil_Abatement_to_Combat_Public_Nuisances_and_Crime","owner_id":93124,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":93124,"first_name":"Arthur","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Lurigio","page_name":"ArthurLurigio","domain_name":"luc","created_at":"2009-12-01T11:31:25.950-08:00","display_name":"Arthur Lurigio","url":"https://luc.academia.edu/ArthurLurigio"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627358"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627358/Taking_the_War_on_Drugs_to_the_Streets_The_Perceptual_Impact_of_Four_Neighborhood_Drug_Programs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Taking the War on Drugs to the Streets: The Perceptual Impact of Four Neighborhood Drug Programs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627358/Taking_the_War_on_Drugs_to_the_Streets_The_Perceptual_Impact_of_Four_Neighborhood_Drug_Programs">Taking the War on Drugs to the Streets: The Perceptual Impact of Four Neighborhood Drug Programs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Crime & Delinquency</span><span>, Oct 1, 1992</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Citizens&amp;#39; antidrug programs are appearing in inner-city neighborhoods across the country....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Citizens&amp;#39; antidrug programs are appearing in inner-city neighborhoods across the country. This study is the first to examine empirically the impact of these programs. The authors identified community drug programs in four large cities and interviewed residents in each about a range of neighborhood characteristics and problems. The investigation compared the responses of residents living in program areas with those of residents living in comparable areas without programs. Results showed that the programs were most likely to affect residents&amp;#39; perceptions of fear of crime, social control, and social cohesion. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627358"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627358"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627358; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627358]").text(description); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627355"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627355/The_Impact_of_Community_Policing_on_Police_Personnel_A_Review_of_the_Literature"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Community Policing on Police Personnel: A Review of the Literature" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627355/The_Impact_of_Community_Policing_on_Police_Personnel_A_Review_of_the_Literature">The Impact of Community Policing on Police Personnel: A Review of the Literature</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SAGE Publications, Inc. eBooks</span><span>, Mar 7, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627355"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627355"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627355; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127627342]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127627342,"title":"Drug House Abatement Programs","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127627342/Drug_House_Abatement_Programs","owner_id":93124,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":93124,"first_name":"Arthur","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Lurigio","page_name":"ArthurLurigio","domain_name":"luc","created_at":"2009-12-01T11:31:25.950-08:00","display_name":"Arthur Lurigio","url":"https://luc.academia.edu/ArthurLurigio"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627339"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627339/Providers_Perceptions_of_Gender_Specific_Drug_Treatment"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Providers' Perceptions of Gender-Specific Drug Treatment" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627339/Providers_Perceptions_of_Gender_Specific_Drug_Treatment">Providers' Perceptions of Gender-Specific Drug Treatment</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Drug Issues</span><span>, Jul 1, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study examined substance abuse treatment providers&amp;#39; perceptions of the gender-specif...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examined substance abuse treatment providers&amp;#39; perceptions of the gender-specific service needs of women in treatment as well as the obstacles that impede the delivery of services to meet those needs. Surveys were administered to more than 100 staff members of five treatment agencies that were participating in the Chicago Practice Improvement Collaborative. These surveys were followed up with focus group discussions. Most participants reported that their treatment agencies delivered gender-specific services but also described the numerous barriers to addressing women&amp;#39;s specific needs, such as limited resources and the psychosocial challenges experienced by women in treatment (e.g., depression, child care, and family responsibilities). We discuss these findings in light of previous studies, the strengths and limitations of our research design, and the value of collaborations between researchers and practitioners.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627339"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627339"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627339; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627397"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627397/Drug_Use_Disorders_and_Recovery"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Drug Use Disorders and Recovery" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121333889/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627397/Drug_Use_Disorders_and_Recovery">Drug Use Disorders and Recovery</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>InTech eBooks</span><span>, Oct 26, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Drug abuse and dependence disorders are chronic but treatable brain diseases, involving compulsiv...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Drug abuse and dependence disorders are chronic but treatable brain diseases, involving compulsive drug-seeking and -using behaviors that persist despite immediate or potentially harmful consequences for users and their families and communities. Drug abuse and dependence are serious threats to public health and safety, costing hundreds of billions of dollars in yearly healthcare expenditures, crime, poor work productivity, and job loss (Hoffman & Fromeke, 2007). For example, illegal drug use in the United States cost nearly 200 billion dollars in 2002; approximately two-thirds of the costs (129 billion) were economic losses attributable to people's inability to work because of drug-precipitated illness, premature death, or incarceration. The treatment of the healthcare problems of drug addicts cost 16 billion dollars, while drug-related criminal justice and welfare costs totaled 36 billion dollars in 2002 (Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2004). Addiction also can result in intangible costs, such as homelessness, academic failure, and troubled relationships, and is one of the most pervasive and intransigent mental health disorders in the world, affecting the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of millions of people annually (World Health Organization, 2004). Drugs are psychoactive substances that change moods and behaviors by altering brain chemistry and function . Drugs of abuse include medically prescribed (e.g., barbiturates and pain relievers), legal (e.g., alcohol and nicotine), and illegal (e.g., marijuana and heroin) substances. Some drugs, such as alcohol, have been used since ancient times, whereas others, such as methamphetamine and designer drugs (e.g., Ecstasy), are relatively new. People consume drugs to feel good (some drugs produce euphoria, confidence, and relaxation), to keep from feeling bad (some drugs combat anxiety, depression, and hopelessness), to accelerate performance (some drugs sharpen attention and enhance physical strength and athletic prowess), and to experience altered sensory perceptions (some drugs cause visual, auditory, or tactile hallucinations) (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2007). Drugs of abuse can be classified into five groups according to effects. The first class consists of stimulants, which increase alertness and decrease fatigue; examples include <a href="http://www.intechopen.com" rel="nofollow">www.intechopen.com</a> Psychiatric Disorders -Trends and Developments 320 amphetamines, Benzedrine, caffeine, Dexedrine, ephedrine, and nicotine. The second class consists of depressants, which reduce tension, alleviate nervousness, and induce sedation. Among these drugs are Nembutal, Seconal, Tunial, Veronal, Valium, and Xanax. The third class, hallucinogens, changes sensory perceptions; examples include cannabis, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), Mescaline, Phencyclidine (PCP), and psilocybin. The fourth class consists of opiates, which induce sleep, euphoria, and relaxation as well as relieve pain and anxiety; opiates include codeine, heroin, opium, OxyContin, Percodan, and morphine. The fifth class consists of performance enhancers; they increase athletic strength and speed and stimulate the growth and recovery of skeletal muscles. Anadrol, Depo-Testosterone, Dianabol, and Winstrol are some examples of such performance enhancers (Abadinsky, 2007). Drug abusers typically prefer one class of drugs over others. However, when they have difficulty obtaining their drug of choice, they often turn to other drugs in the same class that produce similar effects. Psychoactive drugs in the same class can be compared on the basis of their potency and efficacy. The potency of a drug is the amount that must be ingested to produce a desired effect whereas efficacy is a drug's ability to produce a desired effect regardless of dosage. Both the strength and the potency of a substance can determine an abuser's drug of choice as well as the drug's potential for abuse and dependence (see below) (NIDA, 2007). Drug use can escalate to substance use disorders: abuse or dependence. The progression to uncontrolled use depends on several risk factors. For example, biological factors play a role in addiction; in other words, genetics can predispose a person to addictive behavior-a predisposition that is shared among close biological relatives. Scientists estimate that genes account for nearly half of a person's vulnerability to a substance use disorder (NIDA, 2007). Age of first use and psychiatric history are also important factors for explaining drug use problems. Younger users are more likely to become addicted because developing adolescent brains are more susceptible to a drug's ability to change brain chemistry and functions. Likewise, people with mental illness are also more likely to abuse or become dependent on drugs. In addition, a person's exposure to a parent's or a peer's use of drugs can increase his or her risk of addiction. The mode of drug ingestion can also raise the potential for abuse and dependence: a drug that is inhaled or injected is more addictive than one that is ingested orally. Inhalation and injection send the drug to the brain faster and produce more intense highs and lows. Drug-seeking behavior intensifies in response to the cycle of peaks and valleys that the user experiences (Hoffman & Fromeke, 2007). Psychoactive drugs are thought to become addictive through their activation of the brain's mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway, extending from the brain's ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens to the frontal cortex. Drugs of abuse stimulate this pleasure circuit by increasing the amount of dopamine in the brain two-to ten-fold, creating an extremely pleasurable experience for users that compels them to repeat the incident. Drugs of abuse either mimic the effects of dopamine on neurotransmitters (i.e., they act as agonists) or block the re-absorption of dopamine so that it can continue to activate neurons (i.e., they act as antagonists). Eventually, the brain shuts down its own production of dopamine, causing the user to ingest the drug merely to stave off feelings of listlessness, depression, and other withdrawal symptoms. Drugs of abuse also affect the brain's frontal regions, impairing</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3e12c9f1cf6dab30fdf0ec394c9bbbbf" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121333889,"asset_id":127627397,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121333889/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627397"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627397"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627397; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627394"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627394/Introduction_to_the_Special_Issue"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Introduction to the Special Issue" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627394/Introduction_to_the_Special_Issue">Introduction to the Special Issue</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Justice System Journal</span><span>, May 1, 1994</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627394"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627394"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627394; 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627390]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627390]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627390; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127627390']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627387"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627387/A_descriptive_and_comparative_analysis_of_female_gang_members"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A descriptive and comparative analysis of female gang members" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121333907/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627387/A_descriptive_and_comparative_analysis_of_female_gang_members">A descriptive and comparative analysis of female gang members</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of gang research</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="493f5f18ac62fb0f229cb7319790e9a8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121333907,"asset_id":127627387,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121333907/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627387"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627387"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627387; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627387]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627387]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627387; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127627387']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627385"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627385/Understanding_Judges_Sentencing_Decisions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Understanding Judges’ Sentencing Decisions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627385/Understanding_Judges_Sentencing_Decisions">Understanding Judges’ Sentencing Decisions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social psychological applications to social issues</span><span>, 1994</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To paraphrase Hogarth (1971), judicial sentencing is a process involving human judgment and decis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To paraphrase Hogarth (1971), judicial sentencing is a process involving human judgment and decision making with all its pitfalls and limitations. Examining how judges organize, interpret, and use information about offenders is crucial to the explanation of this process and its outcomes. As Lawrence (1984) has noted, however, “little empirical evidence has been available on how judicial decisions are made” (p. 319). Since 1984, a few studies have investigated the decisionmaking processes underlying judicial sentencing; nonetheless, empirical research and conceptual development in the area are still very limited.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627385"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627385"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627385; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627385]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627385]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627385; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127627385']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127627385]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127627385,"title":"Understanding Judges’ Sentencing Decisions","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127627385/Understanding_Judges_Sentencing_Decisions","owner_id":93124,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":93124,"first_name":"Arthur","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Lurigio","page_name":"ArthurLurigio","domain_name":"luc","created_at":"2009-12-01T11:31:25.950-08:00","display_name":"Arthur Lurigio","url":"https://luc.academia.edu/ArthurLurigio"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627383"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627383/The_Long_Term_Effects_of_Prison_Based_Drug_Treatment_and_Aftercare_Services_on_Recidivism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Long-Term Effects of Prison-Based Drug Treatment and Aftercare Services on Recidivism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121333903/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627383/The_Long_Term_Effects_of_Prison_Based_Drug_Treatment_and_Aftercare_Services_on_Recidivism">The Long-Term Effects of Prison-Based Drug Treatment and Aftercare Services on Recidivism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Offender Rehabilitation</span><span>, Nov 5, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article examines recidivism among a cohort of formerly incarcerated people released from the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article examines recidivism among a cohort of formerly incarcerated people released from the Sheridan Correctional Center (SCC), a dedicated drug treatment facility based on a Therapeutic Community (TC) model of prison-based drug treatment. After an average of 6.9 years post-release, the SCC releasees had a 15% lower likelihood of recidivism than the comparison group, and a 44% reduction in the likelihood of recidivism when both prison-based drug treatment and aftercare programming were accessed. The current analyses showed that the beneficial effects of prison-based drug treatment were bolstered by aftercare services and continued long after release from prison. This article presents a study of a cohort of formerly incarcerated people released from the Sheridan Correctional Center (SCC). The center is one of the 25 adult correctional centers operating under the auspices of the Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC). The SCC is a dedicated drug-treatment facility based on a therapeutic community (TC) model of prison-based drug treatment. The current evaluation of the SCC is one of the few to include a follow-up period of more than five years postrelease. In addition, the study involved large samples of released inmates in both treatment and comparison groups, and generated four regression models with several statistical controls. Finally, the investigation analyzed the effects of TC treatment alone and with aftercare services on prison readmission rates.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6d65ce3fd408b50a7d94dfd7e6876bf5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121333903,"asset_id":127627383,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121333903/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627383"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627383; 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Wexler: An Unwavering Voice for Addiction Recovery and Criminal Justice Reform" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121333899/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627369/Harry_K_Wexler_An_Unwavering_Voice_for_Addiction_Recovery_and_Criminal_Justice_Reform">Harry K. Wexler: An Unwavering Voice for Addiction Recovery and Criminal Justice Reform</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Prison Journal</span><span>, Nov 8, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Harry was a creative and analytic thinker, always searching for new and more effective strategies...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Harry was a creative and analytic thinker, always searching for new and more effective strategies to make clients' lives better, safer, and more satisfying. He was passionate about his research, clinical practice, advocacy, and teaching. In each endeavor, he expressed an unrelenting desire to serve others. In his turbulent adolescence, Harry recognized his own need for searing self-reflection and dramatic change. With his customary ebullience and ingenuousness, he openly discussed his struggles in a 2014 TEDxNYU talk titled "The Power of Disability." Indeed, he overcame academic challenges in high school and a lifelong stuttering problem; the former is evidenced by his impressive academic achievements (BS, Emerson College; PhD, Yeshiva University) and scholarship, and the latter by his many professional and public presentations on a variety of topics, mostly regarding substance abuse treatment. In Harry's words, "Vulnerability is not a weakness, but an opportunity for [strength building and change]" (). Harry was utterly devoted to alleviating people's psychological pain and improving their lives through various instrumentalities and media. His clinical practice was thriving during his 70s. He was a powerful change agentone person at a time, one group at a time, one state at a time. As a fellow psychologist, I admired his clinical prowess as well as his great sensitivity, warmth, genuineness, wisdom, perspicacity, and compassion. I recall the many times he abruptly ended our conversations to respond to a patient's emergency. As a fellow researcher, I appreciated his methodological skills and abundant knowledge of scholarship on addiction and treatment. As a friend, I felt buoyed by his contagious smile and comforted by his calm and reassuring nature. Simply put, Harry was a respected and respectful colleague, a consummate and perennial professional, and an affectionate and supportive comrade.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="823149f2faa2f8e80aae605551130702" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121333899,"asset_id":127627369,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121333899/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627369"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627369"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627369; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627369]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627369]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627369; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127627369']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "823149f2faa2f8e80aae605551130702" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127627369]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127627369,"title":"Harry K. 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Such remedies can hold accountable nonperpetrators of criminal activities, such as property and business owners, if those activities occur on the premises of the buildings or establishments that they are responsible for managing. Known as third-party policing, civil abatement strategies can also seek equity for non-criminal behaviors (e.g., standing in a public way), which are deemed to pose a threat to public safety, disrupt social order, and precipitate subsequent crimes. For example, antigang and antidrug ordinances are designed to alter situations or environments that provide opportunities for criminal activities. By bringing petitions to the civil courts, injunctions can be issued against the agents of public nuisances, such as known gang members who threaten the public by loitering on the streets or drug sellers who operate clandestinely from apartment buildings or drinking establishments. Violations of court injunctions can result in the closure of a property, the loss of a liquor license, or an arrest. The uses of civil remedies to curtail or eradicate gang and drug activities have been challenged in the courts. For example, antiloitering ordinances have been found to be too vague in their proscriptions, too broad in their scope, and too nebulous in their targeting of residents. Such ordinances have also been found in violation of First or Fourteenth Amendment Rights. Nuisance abatement programs to reduce drug selling on private properties have resulted in modest successes in terms of enlisting property owners’ cooperation in evicting dealers from apartment buildings and appear to be effective with only an issuance of warning letters to landlords.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627362"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627362"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627362; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627362]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627362]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627362; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='127627362']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127627362]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127627362,"title":"Use of Civil Abatement to Combat Public Nuisances and Crime","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127627362/Use_of_Civil_Abatement_to_Combat_Public_Nuisances_and_Crime","owner_id":93124,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":93124,"first_name":"Arthur","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Lurigio","page_name":"ArthurLurigio","domain_name":"luc","created_at":"2009-12-01T11:31:25.950-08:00","display_name":"Arthur Lurigio","url":"https://luc.academia.edu/ArthurLurigio"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627358"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627358/Taking_the_War_on_Drugs_to_the_Streets_The_Perceptual_Impact_of_Four_Neighborhood_Drug_Programs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Taking the War on Drugs to the Streets: The Perceptual Impact of Four Neighborhood Drug Programs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627358/Taking_the_War_on_Drugs_to_the_Streets_The_Perceptual_Impact_of_Four_Neighborhood_Drug_Programs">Taking the War on Drugs to the Streets: The Perceptual Impact of Four Neighborhood Drug Programs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Crime & Delinquency</span><span>, Oct 1, 1992</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Citizens&amp;#39; antidrug programs are appearing in inner-city neighborhoods across the country....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Citizens&amp;#39; antidrug programs are appearing in inner-city neighborhoods across the country. This study is the first to examine empirically the impact of these programs. The authors identified community drug programs in four large cities and interviewed residents in each about a range of neighborhood characteristics and problems. The investigation compared the responses of residents living in program areas with those of residents living in comparable areas without programs. Results showed that the programs were most likely to affect residents&amp;#39; perceptions of fear of crime, social control, and social cohesion. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127627358"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127627358"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127627358; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=127627358]").text(description); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=127627342]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":127627342,"title":"Drug House Abatement Programs","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127627342/Drug_House_Abatement_Programs","owner_id":93124,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":93124,"first_name":"Arthur","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Lurigio","page_name":"ArthurLurigio","domain_name":"luc","created_at":"2009-12-01T11:31:25.950-08:00","display_name":"Arthur Lurigio","url":"https://luc.academia.edu/ArthurLurigio"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127627339"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627339/Providers_Perceptions_of_Gender_Specific_Drug_Treatment"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Providers' Perceptions of Gender-Specific Drug Treatment" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127627339/Providers_Perceptions_of_Gender_Specific_Drug_Treatment">Providers' Perceptions of Gender-Specific Drug Treatment</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Drug Issues</span><span>, Jul 1, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study examined substance abuse treatment providers&amp;#39; perceptions of the gender-specif...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examined substance abuse treatment providers&amp;#39; perceptions of the gender-specific service needs of women in treatment as well as the obstacles that impede the delivery of services to meet those needs. Surveys were administered to more than 100 staff members of five treatment agencies that were participating in the Chicago Practice Improvement Collaborative. These surveys were followed up with focus group discussions. Most participants reported that their treatment agencies delivered gender-specific services but also described the numerous barriers to addressing women&amp;#39;s specific needs, such as limited resources and the psychosocial challenges experienced by women in treatment (e.g., depression, child care, and family responsibilities). 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