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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%81" title="جيكوب شيف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيكوب شيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Heinrich_Schiff" title="Jakob Heinrich Schiff – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jakob Heinrich Schiff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Schiff" title="Jacob Schiff – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jacob Schiff" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Schiff" title="Jacob Schiff – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jacob Schiff" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%81" title="جیکوب شیف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیکوب شیف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Schiff" title="Jacob Schiff – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jacob Schiff" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4%EC%BB%B5_%EC%8B%9C%ED%94%84" title="제이컵 시프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제이컵 시프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%A2_%D5%87%D5%AB%D6%86%D6%86" title="Ջեյքոբ Շիֆֆ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեյքոբ Շիֆֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Henry_Schiff" title="Jacob Henry Schiff – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jacob Henry Schiff" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A3" title="יעקב שיף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יעקב שיף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Schiff" title="Jacob Schiff – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jacob Schiff" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Henricus_Schiff" title="Iacobus Henricus Schiff – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Henricus Schiff" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%81" title="جيكوب شيف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيكوب شيف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%95" title="ジェイコブ・シフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェイコブ・シフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Schiff" title="Jacob Schiff – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jacob Schiff" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Шифф, Джейкоб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шифф, Джейкоб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Schiff" title="Jacob Schiff – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jacob Schiff" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Schiff" title="Jacob Schiff – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jacob Schiff" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84" title="Джейкоб Шифф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джейкоб Шифф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="雅各布·希夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雅各布·希夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215801#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jacob Schiff</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Jacob_Schiff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Portrait_of_Jacob_Schiff.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Jacob_Schiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Portrait_of_Jacob_Schiff.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Jacob_Schiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Portrait_of_Jacob_Schiff.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Jacob_Schiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="759" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">1903 portrait of Schiff by <a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Dupont" title="Aimé Dupont">Aimé Dupont</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Senior Partner, Kuhn Loeb & Co</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1885 – September 25, 1920</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Leo_Schiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortimer Leo Schiff">Mortimer Leo Schiff</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jakob Heinrich Schiff</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1847-01-10</span>)</span>January 10, 1847<br /><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 25, 1920<span style="display:none">(1920-09-25)</span> (aged 73)<br /><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data">German (1847–1870)<br />American (1870–1920)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Therese Loeb</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1875)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frieda_Schiff_Warburg" title="Frieda Schiff Warburg">Frieda Schiff</a> (1876–1958)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_L._Schiff" title="Mortimer L. Schiff">Mortimer L. Schiff</a> (1877–1931)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Banker and businessman</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jacob Henry Schiff</b> (born <b>Jakob Heinrich Schiff</b>; January 10, 1847 – September 25, 1920) was an American <a href="/wiki/Banker" class="mw-redirect" title="Banker">banker</a>, businessman, and philanthropist. He helped finance the expansion of American railroads and the Japanese military efforts against <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Tsarist Russia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a>. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, Germany, Schiff migrated to the United States after the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> and joined the firm <a href="/wiki/Kuhn,_Loeb_%26_Co." title="Kuhn, Loeb & Co.">Kuhn, Loeb & Co.</a><sup id="cite_ref-jewishencyclopedia.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishencyclopedia.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From his base on <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>, he was the foremost <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> leader from 1880 to 1920 in what later became known as the "Schiff era", grappling with all major Jewish issues and problems of the day, including the <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Antisemitism in the Russian Empire">plight of Russian Jews</a>, American and international <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>, care of needy Jewish immigrants, and the rise of <a href="/wiki/Streams_of_Zionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Streams of Zionism">Zionism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also became a director of many important corporations, including the <a href="/wiki/National_City_Bank_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="National City Bank (New York City)">National City Bank of New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/AXA_Equitable_Life_Insurance_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company">Equitable Life Assurance Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">Wells Fargo & Company</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a>. In many of his interests he was associated with <a href="/wiki/E._H._Harriman" title="E. H. Harriman">E. H. Harriman</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schiff was born in 1847 in the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Judengasse" title="Frankfurter Judengasse"><i>Judengasse</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">Germany</a>, to Moses and Clara (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Niederhofheim) Schiff, members of a distinguished <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi Jewish">Ashkenazi Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbinical</a> family that traced its lineage in Frankfurt back to 1370. One ancestor, <a href="/wiki/David_Tevele_Schiff" class="mw-redirect" title="David Tevele Schiff">David Tevele Schiff</a>, became lead rabbi in Great Britain and from 1765 until his death was acting head of the <a href="/wiki/London_Synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="London Synagogue">London Synagogue</a>. Meir Ben Jacob Schiff, another relative, had become renowned as a Talmudic scholar and commentator in the 14th century. Jacob's father, Moses Schiff, was a broker for the <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_family" title="Rothschild family">Rothschilds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jewishencyclopedia.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishencyclopedia.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schiff was educated in the schools of Frankfurt, and was first employed in the banking and brokerage business as an apprentice in 1861.<sup id="cite_ref-ncab_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncab-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dab_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> had ended in April 1865, Schiff came to the United States, arriving in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> on August 6. He became a broker on November 21, 1866, and joined the firm of Budge, Schiff & Company in 1867. He became a <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalized</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="United States citizen">citizen of the United States</a> in September 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-dab_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>However, Schiff's modern biographer Cohen, says this happened a year later. </p><p>Upon the dissolution of Budge, Schiff & Company in 1872, Schiff decided to return to Germany. In 1873, he became manager of the <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> branch of the London & Hanseatic Bank. He returned to Frankfurt, however, upon the death of his father later that year. In 1874, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Kuhn_(banker)" title="Abraham Kuhn (banker)">Abraham Kuhn</a> of the banking firm of <a href="/wiki/Kuhn,_Loeb_%26_Co." title="Kuhn, Loeb & Co.">Kuhn, Loeb & Company</a> invited him to return to New York City and enter the firm.<sup id="cite_ref-dab_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not long after joining the firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Co., Schiff was in essence running the business. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with <a href="/wiki/H._B._Claflin" class="mw-redirect" title="H. B. Claflin">H. B. Claflin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcellus_Hartley" title="Marcellus Hartley">Marcellus Hartley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Cutting" title="Robert L. Cutting">Robert L. Cutting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Seligman" title="Joseph Seligman">Joseph Seligman</a>, he was a founder of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Bank_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental Bank of New York">Continental Bank of New York</a> in August 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-anniv_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-anniv-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kuhn,_Loeb_&_Company"><span id="Kuhn.2C_Loeb_.26_Company"></span>Kuhn, Loeb & Company</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kuhn, Loeb & Company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schiff accepted Kuhn's invitation in January 1875, bringing to Kuhn, Loeb & Company his connections with Sir <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Cassel" title="Ernest Cassel">Ernest Cassel</a> of London, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fleming_(financier)" title="Robert Fleming (financier)">Robert Fleming</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a> (later of London), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edouard_Noetzlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edouard Noetzlin (page does not exist)">Edouard Noetzlin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edouard_Noetzlin" class="extiw" title="fr:Edouard Noetzlin">fr</a>]</span> of the <a href="/wiki/Paribas" title="Paribas">Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas</a> (Bank of Paris and the Netherlands or Paribas).<sup id="cite_ref-dab_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 6, 1875, he married Therese Loeb, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Loeb" title="Solomon Loeb">Solomon Loeb</a>. The couple were the parents of a son, <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_L._Schiff" title="Mortimer L. Schiff">Mortimer L. Schiff</a> and a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Frieda_Schiff_Warburg" title="Frieda Schiff Warburg">Frieda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ncab_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncab-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dab_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1885, Schiff became head of Kuhn, Loeb & Company. Besides financing Eastern railroads such as the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">Pennsylvania</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_%26_Nashville_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville & Nashville Railroad">Louisville & Nashville</a>, he took part in the reorganization of the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a> in 1896–99, and at various times aided the American Smelting & Refining Company (<a href="/wiki/ASARCO" title="ASARCO">ASARCO</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company" title="Westinghouse Electric Company">Westinghouse Electric Company</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Union" title="Western Union">Western Union</a> Telegraph Company. Less fortunate was his share in the reorganization in 1902 of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Street_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Street Railway">Metropolitan Street Railway</a> of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-dab_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He became associated with <a href="/wiki/E._H._Harriman" title="E. H. Harriman">E. H. Harriman</a> in notable contests with <a href="/wiki/James_J._Hill" title="James J. Hill">James J. Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Morgan & Company">J.P. Morgan & Company</a> for control of several Western railroads. Schiff served as a director of the <a href="/wiki/AXA_Equitable_Life_Insurance_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company">Equitable Life Assurance Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_City_Bank_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="National City Bank of New York">National City Bank of New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Trust_Company" title="Central Trust Company">Central Trust Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Union_Telegraph_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Union Telegraph Company">Western Union Telegraph Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a>, and Bond & Mortgage Guarantee Company. He was elected a director of <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells Fargo & Company">Wells Fargo & Company</a> in September 1914 to succeed his brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Warburg" title="Paul Warburg">Paul Warburg</a>, who had resigned to accept appointment to the original <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> Board.<sup id="cite_ref-ncab_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncab-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dab_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_loans">National loans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National loans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>What is perhaps Schiff's most famous financial action took place during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1904-1905). Schiff met with <a href="/wiki/Takahashi_Korekiyo" title="Takahashi Korekiyo">Takahashi Korekiyo</a>, deputy governor of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Japan" title="Bank of Japan">Bank of Japan</a>, in Paris in April 1904. Schiff agreed to extend loans to the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> in the amount of $200 million (equivalent to $5.3 billion in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), through Kuhn, Loeb & Co.<sup id="cite_ref-dab_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These loans were the first major flotation of Japanese bonds on <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>, and provided approximately half the funds needed for Japan's war effort.<sup id="cite_ref-Kowner_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kowner-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schiff made this loan in part because he believed gold was not as important as national effort and desire to win a war and due to the apparent underdog status of Japan at the time-a European empire had not yet been defeated by a non-Western nation, in a modern, full-scale war. It is quite likely Schiff also saw this loan as a means of answering, on behalf of the Jewish people for the antisemitic actions of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, specifically the recent <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_pogrom_(1903)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chișinău pogrom (1903)">Kishinev pogrom</a> in 1903. </p><p>This loan attracted worldwide attention, and had major consequences. Since their domestic economy was still developing, Japan's military was dependent on massive imports of munitions, purchases made possible by Schiff's loan. In 1905, Japan awarded Schiff the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasure" title="Order of the Sacred Treasure">Order of the Sacred Treasure</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1907, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star</a>, the second highest of the eight classes of that Order.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schiff was the first foreigner to receive the Order in person from <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji</a> in the Imperial Palace.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schiff also had a private audience with King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VII of the United Kingdom">Edward VII of the United Kingdom</a> in 1904. </p><p>In addition to his famous loan to Japan, Schiff financed loans to many other nations<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (November 2021)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, including those that would come to comprise the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Schiff urged U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied</a> statesmen to end the war as quickly as possible, even without an Allied victory<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. He feared for the lives of his family, back in Germany, but also for the future of his adopted land. He arranged loans to France and other nations for humanitarian purposes,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and spoke out against <a href="/wiki/Submarine_warfare" title="Submarine warfare">submarine warfare</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Schiff forbade any of the funds from his loans from going to the Russian Empire, due to the Tsarist regime's oppression of the Jewish people. When <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">the Tsar was overthrown in 1917</a>, Schiff believed that the oppression of Russia's Jews would end and formally repealed the impediments within his firm against lending to Russia. </p><p>However, Schiff's stance changed again upon the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>' seizure of power: </p> <blockquote><p>"Schiff's gripe against Russia had been its anti-Semitism. At home Schiff had never shown any sympathy for socialism, not even the milder <a href="/wiki/Morris_Hillquit" title="Morris Hillquit">Morris Hillquit</a> variety. Schiff had declared victory for his purposes in Russia after the tsar was toppled in March 1917 and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Alexander Kerensky</a>, representing the new provisional government, had declared Jews to be equal citizens. In addition to repeated public statements of support, he used both his personal wealth and the resources of Kuhn Loeb to float large loans to Kerensky's regime. When <a href="/wiki/Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenin">Lenin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trotsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotsky">Trotsky</a> seized power for themselves in November 1917, Schiff immediately rejected them, cut off further loans, started funding anti-Bolshevist groups, and even demanded that the Bolsheviks pay back some of the money he'd loaned Kerensky. Schiff also joined a British-backed effort to appeal to fellow Jews in Russia to continue the fight against Germany."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charitable_endeavors">Charitable endeavors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Charitable endeavors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schiff believed in the Jewish charitable principle of <a href="/wiki/Zedakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zedakah">Zedakah</a>. Beginning in childhood he recalled "Kindness was the keynote of the household... It was made our duty to put one-tenth aside for charity according to the old Jewish tradition."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schiff always felt strongly about his connection to the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish people</a>, and demonstrated this through his philanthropy. He founded the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Industrial_Removal_Office" title="Jewish Industrial Removal Office">Jewish Industrial Removal Office</a> which relocated New York immigrant Jews to the Western United States. He also founded an additional point of immigrant entry to the U.S. through <a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He supported relief efforts for the victims of pogroms in Russia, and helped establish and develop <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Union_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew Union College">Hebrew Union College</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Theological_Seminary_of_America" title="Jewish Theological Seminary of America">Jewish Theological Seminary</a>, the Jewish Division in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Committee" title="American Jewish Committee">American Jewish Committee</a>. </p><p>Schiff grew to be one of American Jewry's top philanthropists and leaders, donating to nearly every major Jewish cause, New York examples being the <a href="/wiki/Montefiore_Home_for_Chronic_Invalids" title="Montefiore Home for Chronic Invalids">Montefiore Home for Chronic Invalids</a>, of which he was president,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Young_Men%27s_Hebrew_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Men's Hebrew Association">Young Men's Hebrew Association</a> building and the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Theological_Seminary_of_America" title="Jewish Theological Seminary of America">Jewish Theological Seminary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-americana_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americana-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was also involved with many secular American causes: in addition to serving on the Board of Managers of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Zoological_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Zoological Society">New York Zoological Society</a>, he gave to such organizations as the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Semitic_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Semitic Museum">Harvard Semitic Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Fine_Arts_Society" title="American Fine Arts Society">American Fine Arts Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Geographical_Society" title="American Geographical Society">American Geographical Society</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard College</a>; and a number of other organizations for civil rights and the disadvantaged, such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Visiting_Nurse_Service_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Visiting Nurse Service of New York">Visiting Nurse Service of New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Street_Settlement" title="Henry Street Settlement">Henry Street Settlement</a> (New York) and <a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuskegee Institute">Tuskegee Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ncab_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncab-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dab_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-americana_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americana-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schiff was actively concerned with the improvement of civic conditions in New York City. He was a vice president of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Chamber_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Chamber of Commerce">New York Chamber of Commerce</a>, and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_70_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee of 70 (New York City)">Committee of 70</a> which resulted in the overthrow of the <a href="/wiki/Tweed_Ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Tweed Ring">Tweed Ring</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-colliers_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-colliers-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On his 70th birthday, he distributed $700,000 among various charitable organizations and public institutions<sup id="cite_ref-eb_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schiff believed in the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudic</a> principle that "twice blessed is he who gives in secret." He did not permit his name to be attached to the buildings he sponsored, with the one exception of the Schiff Pavilion at his <a href="/wiki/Montefiore_Medical_Center" title="Montefiore Medical Center">Montefiore Hospital</a>, and never discussed the size of his gifts. Because of his secrecy, the exact amount of his philanthropic donations is impossible to calculate, but it has been estimated between $50 and $100 million dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a> movement and its leader, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Charles Maurras</a>, claimed that Schiff was thoroughly pro-German and had worked to prevent <a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">American entry into World War I</a>. Maurras went so far as to suggest that a telegram from Schiff and other prominent American Jewish leaders convinced President Wilson to give in to certain German arguments at the post-war peace negotiations, including allowing <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia" title="Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a> to have a plebiscite rather than being ceded to Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The telegram is not known to have actually existed. Moreover, it has been argued that Schiff stopped financing transactions for Germany or the Central Powers as of 1914, stopped speaking German in public and was eager to demonstrate his moral and financial commitment to the Allied cause.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A practitioner of <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform Judaism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schiff supported political, secular <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a>. Despite not agreeing fully with the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a>, and in fact believing that Zionism would cause Americans to question his loyalty, he donated to many Jewish projects in Israel, including the <a href="/wiki/Technion" class="mw-redirect" title="Technion">Technical Institute of Haifa</a>. As the situation for Eastern European Jews grew more dire, with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution_of_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Revolution of 1917">Russian Revolution</a> and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>, and pogroms in Ukraine, Schiff made more considerable contributions to the Zionist effort; he even offered to join the Zionist organization, provided he could publish a statement he'd prepared. This offer was denied, and so he never formally joined the Zionist camp. </p><p>Journalist <a href="/wiki/George_Kennan_(explorer)" title="George Kennan (explorer)">George Kennan</a> noted that Schiff helped finance revolutionary propaganda during the Russo-Japanese War and Revolution of 1905,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Friends_of_Russian_Freedom" title="Society of Friends of Russian Freedom">Society of Friends of Russian Freedom</a>. <i>The Jewish Communal Register of New York City</i> stated that, "Mr. Schiff has always used his wealth and his influence in the best interests of his people. He financed the enemies of autocratic Russia and used his financial influence to keep <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> from the money markets of the United States."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schiff died at his <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> home in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, New York City on September 25, 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His funeral was held three days later at <a href="/wiki/Congregation_Emanu-El_of_New_York" title="Congregation Emanu-El of New York">Temple Emanu-El</a>, then located at 43rd Street and <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> in Manhattan.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His estate was estimated at about $50,000,000 (approximately $760,000,000 today). He bequeathed $1,350,000 to various institutions, most of which had received benefactions during his life. The largest bequests were $500,000 to the Federation for the support of Jewish Philanthropic Societies of New York City and $300,000 to the Montefiore Home.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was buried at <a href="/wiki/Salem_Fields_Cemetery" title="Salem Fields Cemetery">Salem Fields Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was succeeded as head of Kuhn, Loeb & Company by his son, <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Leo_Schiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortimer Leo Schiff">Mortimer Leo Schiff</a> (1877–1931).<sup id="cite_ref-dab_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schiff was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Junior_Achievement" title="Junior Achievement">Junior Achievement</a> U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jacob Schiff Center, named after him, was a prominent Jewish cultural center and <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> from the 1930s through at least the 1960s. It was located on Valentine Avenue, near the intersection of <a href="/wiki/Fordham_Road" title="Fordham Road">Fordham Road</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Concourse_(Bronx)" title="Grand Concourse (Bronx)">Grand Concourse</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Fordham,_Bronx,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Fordham, Bronx, New York">Fordham</a> section of <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New York City public school number 192 in <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">West Harlem</a> is also named for him. It serves grades pre-K through 5th grade.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, there was an attempt to name a street Jacob-Schiff-Straße in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> in response to the numerous charitable donations he had made to the city. When the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> took power in 1933, the street's name was changed to Mummstraße after Daniel Heinrich Mumm von Schwarzenstein, the city's former mayor, as part of <a href="/wiki/Aryanization" title="Aryanization">aryanization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Wife: Therese (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Loeb)</li> <li>Children: <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Schiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortimer Schiff">Mortimer Schiff</a>; <a href="/wiki/Frieda_Schiff_Warburg" title="Frieda Schiff Warburg">Frieda Warburg, née Schiff</a>.</li> <li>Father: Moses Schiff</li> <li>Mother: Clara Schiff, née Niederhofheim</li> <li>Granddaughter: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Schiff" title="Dorothy Schiff">Dorothy Schiff</a></li> <li>Grandson: <a href="/wiki/John_M._Schiff" title="John M. Schiff">John M. Schiff</a></li> <li>Grandson: Henry Schiff</li> <li>Great Grandson: David T. Schiff</li> <li>Great-Great-Grandson: Hubert Jacob Henry Schiff</li> <li>Son-in-Law: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Warburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Warburg">Felix Warburg</a></li> <li>Brother-in-Law: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Warburg" title="Paul Warburg">Paul Warburg</a></li></ul> <p><br /> David T. Schiff's son Andrew Neman Schiff was married previously to former <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>'s daughter, <a href="/wiki/Karenna_Gore" title="Karenna Gore">Karenna</a>. Together they had three children, before divorcing in 2010. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-jewishencyclopedia.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jewishencyclopedia.com_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jewishencyclopedia.com_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13266-schiff">"SCHIFF - JewishEncyclopedia.com"</a>. <i>jewishencyclopedia.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jewishencyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=SCHIFF+-+JewishEncyclopedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F13266-schiff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Naomi Wiener Cohen, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fpIOia8QxyYC&pg=PP4">Jacob H. Schiff: a study in American Jewish leadership</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Glazer" title="Nathan Glazer">Glazer, N</a> (1957) <i>American Judaism</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">UCP</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncab-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ncab_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncab_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncab_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncab_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography</i>, Vol. XIII, p. 533. New York: James T. White & Company, 1906.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dab-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dab_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dab_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Schiff, Jacob Henry". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_American_Biography" title="Dictionary of American Biography">Dictionary of American Biography</a></i>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1928–1990. pp. 430–432.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Schiff%2C+Jacob+Henry&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=430-432&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1928%2F1990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-anniv-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-anniv_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1940/08/01/archives/continental-bank-to-mark-70th-year-institution-has-3500-depositors.html">"Continental Bank to Mark 70th Year; Institution Has 3,500 Depositors and 6,000 Stockholders"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. New York City, New York, United States. August 1, 1940<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Continental+Bank+to+Mark+70th+Year%3B+Institution+Has+3%2C500+Depositors+and+6%2C000+Stockholders&rft.date=1940-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1940%2F08%2F01%2Farchives%2Fcontinental-bank-to-mark-70th-year-institution-has-3500-depositors.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Their daughter Frieda Schiff-Warburg (February 3, 1876 – September 14, 1958); married <a href="/wiki/Felix_M._Warburg" title="Felix M. Warburg">Felix M. Warburg</a> in 1895. Both Frieda's husband and her brother Mortimer became partners in Kuhn, Loeb & Co.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord1960" class="citation book cs1">Lord, Walter (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oVoXPgze4uoC&pg=PA71"><i>The Good Years: From 1900 to the First World War</i></a>. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 71–79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412818308" title="Special:BookSources/9781412818308"><bdi>9781412818308</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Good+Years%3A+From+1900+to+the+First+World+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=71-79&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=9781412818308&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoVoXPgze4uoC%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoomis1968" class="citation book cs1">Loomis, Noel M. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=znS3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA315"><i>Wells Fargo</i></a>. New York: Clarkson N. Potter. p. 315.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wells+Fargo&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=315&rft.pub=Clarkson+N.+Potter&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Loomis&rft.aufirst=Noel+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DznS3AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-USGDP-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstonWilliamson2023" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/usgdp/">"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=What+Was+the+U.S.+GDP+Then%3F&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Samuel+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.measuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fusgdp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span> United States <a href="/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product_deflator" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Domestic Product deflator">Gross Domestic Product deflator</a> figures follow the <i>MeasuringWorth</i> series. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kowner-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kowner_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKowner2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rotem_Kowner" title="Rotem Kowner">Kowner, Rotem</a> (2006). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00libg_334"><i>Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War</i></a></span>. The Scarecrow Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00libg_334/page/n388">344</a>–345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-4927-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-4927-5"><bdi>0-8108-4927-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Russo-Japanese+War&rft.pages=344-345&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8108-4927-5&rft.aulast=Kowner&rft.aufirst=Rotem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio00libg_334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cyrus Adler, <i>Jacob Henry Schiff: A Biographical Sketch</i>, p. 12. New York: The American Jewish Committee, 1921</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adler, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pamela Rotner Sakamoto, <i>Japanese Diplomats and Jewish Refugees</i>, p. 17. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAckerman2016" class="citation book cs1">Ackerman, Kenneth (2016). <i>Trotsky in New York, 1917: A Radical on the Eve of Revolution</i>. Counterpoint. pp. 320–321.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trotsky+in+New+York%2C+1917%3A+A+Radical+on+the+Eve+of+Revolution&rft.pages=320-321&rft.pub=Counterpoint&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Ackerman&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirmingham1967" class="citation book cs1">Birmingham, Stephen (1967). <i>Our Crowd: The great Jewish families of New York</i>. Syracuse University Press; New edition. pp. Chapter 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0815604112" title="Special:BookSources/978-0815604112"><bdi>978-0815604112</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Crowd%3A+The+great+Jewish+families+of+New+York&rft.pages=Chapter+41&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press%3B+New+edition&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0815604112&rft.aulast=Birmingham&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEshman" class="citation web cs1">Eshman, Adi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/the-nearly-forgotten-jews-who-helped-make-the-american-west/">"The nearly forgotten Jews who helped make the American West"</a>. <i>www.timesofisrael.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=The+nearly+forgotten+Jews+who+helped+make+the+American+West&rft.aulast=Eshman&rft.aufirst=Adi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fthe-nearly-forgotten-jews-who-helped-make-the-american-west%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heilbrunn, Bernice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.php?rec=41">"Jacob H. Schiff."</a> In <i>Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present</i>, vol. 3, edited by Giles R. Hoyt. German Historical Institute. Last modified August 05, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-americana-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-americana_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-americana_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRines1920" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Schiff, Jacob Henry"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Schiff,_Jacob_Henry">"Schiff, Jacob Henry" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Schiff%2C+Jacob+Henry&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-colliers-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-colliers_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1921" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Reynolds, Francis J., ed. 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II, pages 361–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Birmingham" title="Stephen Birmingham">Stephen Birmingham</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Crowd" title="Our Crowd">Our Crowd</a>: The Great Jewish Families of New York</i>, at p. 316–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13266-schiff#anchor1">"Schiff: Jacob Henry Schiff"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10F15FA3F5E11738DDDAD0A94DB405B878DF1D3">"Pacifists Pester Till Mayor Calls Them Traitors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. March 24, 1917.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pacifists+Pester+Till+Mayor+Calls+Them+Traitors&rft.date=1917-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF10F15FA3F5E11738DDDAD0A94DB405B878DF1D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Jewish Communal Register of New York City</i>, 1917-1918, Second Edition, Kehillah, New York, (1919), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/jewishcommunalr00marggoog#page/n953/mode/2up">p. 1019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-obit_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1920/09/26/archives/jacob-h-schiff-noted-financier-dies-in-fifth-av-home-after-a-long.html">"Jacob H. Schiff, Noted Financier, Dies In Fifth Av. Home After A Long Illness. Stricken By Heart Disease 6 Months Ago. Suffered Relapse Thursday. End Comes At 6:30 P.M. With His Family At His Bedside. Semi-Conscious For 3 Days Arteriosclerosis Given As Immediate Cause Of Death Of Famous Philanthropist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. September 26, 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jacob+H.+Schiff%2C+Noted+Financier%2C+Dies+In+Fifth+Av.+Home+After+A+Long+Illness.+Stricken+By+Heart+Disease+6+Months+Ago.+Suffered+Relapse+Thursday.+End+Comes+At+6%3A30+P.M.+With+His+Family+At+His+Bedside.+Semi-Conscious+For+3+Days+Arteriosclerosis+Given+As+Immediate+Cause+Of+Death+Of+Famous+Philanthropist&rft.date=1920-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1920%2F09%2F26%2Farchives%2Fjacob-h-schiff-noted-financier-dies-in-fifth-av-home-after-a-long.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1920/09/29/archives/thousands-gather-at-schiff-funeral-lower-east-side-pours-forth-its.html">"Thousands Gather At Schiff Funeral"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. September 29, 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Thousands+Gather+At+Schiff+Funeral&rft.date=1920-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1920%2F09%2F29%2Farchives%2Fthousands-gather-at-schiff-funeral-lower-east-side-pours-forth-its.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1920/10/06/archives/jh-schiffs-will-its-text-in-full-document-represents-years-of-study.html">"J. H. Schiff's Will"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. October 6, 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=J.+H.+Schiff%27s+Will&rft.date=1920-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1920%2F10%2F06%2Farchives%2Fjh-schiffs-will-its-text-in-full-document-represents-years-of-study.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/52667034/jacob-henry-schiff">https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/52667034/jacob-henry-schiff</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuzzardi1989" class="citation news cs1">Guzzardi, Walter (13 March 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1989/03/13/71718/index.htm">"THE U. S. BUSINESS HALL OF FAME"</a>. FORTUNE Magazine. CNN Money<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=THE+U.+S.+BUSINESS+HALL+OF+FAME&rft.date=1989-03-13&rft.aulast=Guzzardi&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Ffortune%2Ffortune_archive%2F1989%2F03%2F13%2F71718%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julian Voloj, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E06EED8163FF931A15753C1A9609C8B63">"On Fordham Road: Signs of the Times"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. October 22, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/06/M192/default.htm">"Welcome to PS 192 "Never let it rest until our good gets better and our better gets best" - P.S. 192 Jacob H. Schiff - M192 - New York City Department of Education"</a>. <i>schools.nyc.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=schools.nyc.gov&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+PS+192+%22Never+let+it+rest+until+our+good+gets+better+and+our+better+gets+best%22+-+P.S.+192+Jacob+H.+Schiff+-+M192+-+New+York+City+Department+of+Education&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fschools.nyc.gov%2FSchoolPortals%2F06%2FM192%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazar2021" class="citation journal cs1">Lazar, Max (Fall 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.05">"Swastikas on Jacob-Schiff-Straße: The Peculiar History of Jewish Street Names in Frankfurt, 1872–1938"</a>. <i>Jewish Social Studies</i>. <b>26</b> (3): 118–148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2Fjewisocistud.26.3.05">10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.05</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.05">10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.05</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241141385">241141385</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Social+Studies&rft.atitle=Swastikas+on+Jacob-Schiff-Stra%C3%9Fe%3A+The+Peculiar+History+of+Jewish+Street+Names+in+Frankfurt%2C+1872%E2%80%931938&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=118-148&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A241141385%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2979%2Fjewisocistud.26.3.05%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2Fjewisocistud.26.3.05&rft.aulast=Lazar&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2979%2Fjewisocistud.26.3.05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMask2020" class="citation book cs1">Mask, Deirdre (2020). <i>The Address Book</i>. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781250134769" title="Special:BookSources/9781250134769"><bdi>9781250134769</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Address+Book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781250134769&rft.aulast=Mask&rft.aufirst=Deirdre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Schiff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_2">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cohen, Naomi Wiener. (1999). <i>Jacob H. Schiff: a Study in American Jewish Leadership.</i> Hanover, New Hampshire: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_New_England" title="University Press of New England">University Press of New England</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87451-948-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87451-948-8">978-0-87451-948-8</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/123134648">123134648</a></li> <li>Schiff, Jacob Henry and Cyrus Adler. (1928). <i>Jacob H. Schiff; his Life and Letters.</i> Garden City, New York: <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/801997">801997</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jacob_Schiff" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jacob Schiff">Jacob Schiff</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=317&letter=S">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0312313101/ref=sib_cap_pdp_pg/002-3065255-2668032?ie=UTF8&keywords=Jacob%20Schiff&p=S00O&checkSum=A2PuY2NiwVh6fh%2BX7IcgOQ99Qc1LzMWKaLy2xdtgBv0%3D#reader-page">Excerpt from the book <i>The Lady Upstairs</i>, about contribution from Jacob Schiff</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/026129">Newspaper clippings about Jacob Schiff</a> in the <a 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mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Jewish_Committee" title="Template:American Jewish Committee"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Jewish_Committee" title="Template talk:American Jewish Committee"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Jewish_Committee" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Jewish Committee"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Jewish_Committee" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Committee" title="American Jewish Committee">American Jewish Committee</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayer_Sulzberger" title="Mayer Sulzberger">Mayer Sulzberger</a> (1906–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Marshall" title="Louis Marshall">Louis B. Marshall</a> (1912–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Adler" title="Cyrus Adler">Cyrus Adler</a> (1929–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_M._Stroock" title="Sol M. Stroock">Sol M. Stroock</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wertheim" title="Maurice Wertheim">Maurice Wertheim</a> (1941–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Proskauer" title="Joseph M. Proskauer">Joseph M. Proskauer</a> (1943–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Blaustein" title="Jacob Blaustein">Jacob Blaustein</a> (1949–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_B._Ehrmann" title="Herbert B. Ehrmann">Herbert B. Ehrmann</a> (1959–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_B._Abram" title="Morris B. Abram">Morris B. Abram</a> (1964–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldberg" title="Arthur Goldberg">Arthur J. Goldberg</a> (1968–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_E._Hoffman" title="Philip E. Hoffman">Philip E. Hoffman</a> (1969–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Winter" title="Elmer Winter">Elmer L. Winter</a> (1973–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynard_Wishner" title="Maynard Wishner">Maynard I. Wishner</a> (1980–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_H._Moses" title="Alfred H. Moses">Alfred H. Moses</a> (1991–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Tanner" title="Harold Tanner">Harold Tanner</a> (2001–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Tichnor" title="Michael L. Tichnor">Michael L. Tichnor</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CEOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Harris_(advocate)" title="David Harris (advocate)">David Harris</a> (1990–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Deutch" title="Ted Deutch">Ted Deutch</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Bayme" title="Steven Bayme">Steven Bayme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_E._Cohen" title="Elliot E. Cohen">Elliot E. Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_D._Gaer" title="Felice D. Gaer">Felice D. Gaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Goodman_(activist)" title="Jerry Goodman (activist)">Jerry Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Horkheimer" title="Max Horkheimer">Max Horkheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avital_Leibovich" title="Avital Leibovich">Avital Leibovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Perlmutter" title="Nathan Perlmutter">Nathan Perlmutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz">Norman Podhoretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._James_Rudin" title="A. James Rudin">A. James Rudin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jacob Schiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Schneiderman" title="Harry Schneiderman">Harry Schneiderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_S._Stern" title="Kenneth S. Stern">Kenneth S. Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_H._Tanenbaum" title="Marc H. Tanenbaum">Marc H. Tanenbaum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Jewish_Film_Festival" title="Atlanta Jewish Film Festival">Atlanta Jewish Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim-Jewish_Advisory_Council" title="Muslim-Jewish Advisory Council">Muslim-Jewish Advisory Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Interchange" title="Project Interchange">Project Interchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AJC_Transatlantic_Institute" title="AJC Transatlantic Institute">Transatlantic Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Year_Book" title="American Jewish Year Book">American Jewish Year Book</a></i> (1908–2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Authoritarian_Personality" title="The Authoritarian Personality">The Authoritarian Personality</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></i> (1945–2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Present_Tense_(magazine)" title="Present Tense (magazine)">Present Tense</a></i> (1973–1990)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Jewish_Thought_and_the_New_Anti-Semitism" title="Progressive Jewish Thought and the New Anti-Semitism">Progressive Jewish Thought and the New Anti-Semitism</a>" (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/15540960">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/190165/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtmmDJyp9gqCbcVPhJJjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117232114">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85185634">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17034773v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17034773v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01021099">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p167007920">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810548623205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007267616905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06499086?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500448262">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117232114.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/150165439">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6n29xcx">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&oldid=1257137092">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Schiff&oldid=1257137092</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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