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id="toc-Usage_by_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Esperanto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esperanto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Esperanto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esperanto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungarian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungarian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Hungarian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungarian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Length" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Length"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Length</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Length-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Collation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Polish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Examples_of_dz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_of_dz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Examples of <i>dz</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_dz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz_(j%C4%AB-ha%CC%8Dp_j%C4%AB-bi%C3%B3)" title="Dz (jī-ha̍p jī-bió) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Dz (jī-ha̍p jī-bió)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz_(%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84)" title="Dz (дыграф) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Dz (дыграф)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz" title="Dz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz_(digraf)" title="Dz (digraf) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dz (digraf)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/DZ_(litero)" title="DZ (litero) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="DZ (litero)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz" title="Dz – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Dz" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz_(digramme)" title="Dz (digramme) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dz (digramme)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz_(digr%C3%A1f)" title="Dz (digráf) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dz (digráf)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz" title="Dz – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Dz" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DZ_(letter)" title="DZ (letter) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="DZ (letter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/DZ_(%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97)" title="DZ (合字) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="DZ (合字)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz_(bokstav)" title="Dz (bokstav) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dz (bokstav)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz_(dwuznak)" title="Dz (dwuznak) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dz (dwuznak)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz" title="Dz – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Dz" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz" title="Dz – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/DZ" title="DZ – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="DZ" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz" title="Dz – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dz" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz_(%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D)" title="Dz (二合字母) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Dz (二合字母)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2748102#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Digraph of the Latin script</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the slavs alphabet <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_digraph_D_Z.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Latin_digraph_D_Z.svg/220px-Latin_digraph_D_Z.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Latin_digraph_D_Z.svg/330px-Latin_digraph_D_Z.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Latin_digraph_D_Z.svg/440px-Latin_digraph_D_Z.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Latin Dz digraph.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dz</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>, consisting of the consonants <a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a> and <a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a>. It may represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">d͡z</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">t͡s</a>/</span>, or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span>, depending on the language. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_by_language">Usage by language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz_(digraph)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Usage by language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Dz</i> generally represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">d͡z</a>/</span> in Latin alphabets, including <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Macedonian" title="Romanization of Macedonian">romanized Macedonian</a>. However, in <a href="/wiki/Dene_Suline_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dene Suline language">Dene Suline</a> (Chipewyan) and the <a href="/wiki/ILE_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="ILE romanization of Cantonese">ILE romanization of Cantonese</a>, it represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">t͡s</a>/</span>, and in <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> it is a <a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling" title="Pronunciation respelling">pronunciation respelling</a> of the letter <i>D</i> to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nguyen_Nguyen_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nguyen_Nguyen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Esperanto">Esperanto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz_(digraph)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Esperanto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Esperanto grammars, notably <i>Plena Analiza Gramatiko de Esperanto,</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consider <i>dz</i> to be a digraph for the voiced affricate <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">d͡z</a>]</span>, as in <i>edzo</i> "husband". The case for this is "rather weak".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Esperantists, including Esperantist linguists (Janton,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wells<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), reject it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungarian">Hungarian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz_(digraph)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hungarian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:auto;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ddddff;"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian language</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hungarian_alphabet_-_Magyar_%C3%A1b%C3%A9c%C3%A9.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hungarian alphabet"><img alt="Hungarian alphabet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hungarian_alphabet_-_Magyar_%C3%A1b%C3%A9c%C3%A9.svg/300px-Hungarian_alphabet_-_Magyar_%C3%A1b%C3%A9c%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hungarian_alphabet_-_Magyar_%C3%A1b%C3%A9c%C3%A9.svg/450px-Hungarian_alphabet_-_Magyar_%C3%A1b%C3%A9c%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hungarian_alphabet_-_Magyar_%C3%A1b%C3%A9c%C3%A9.svg/600px-Hungarian_alphabet_-_Magyar_%C3%A1b%C3%A9c%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2673" data-file-height="730" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><span style="font-size:85%;">Hungarian alphabet</span></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_alphabet" title="Hungarian alphabet">Alphabet</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_acute_accent" title="Double acute accent">ő ű</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian cs">cs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dz">dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_gy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian gy">gy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ny" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian ny">ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_sz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian sz">sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ty" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian ty">ty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_zs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian zs">zs</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_grammar" title="Hungarian grammar">Grammar</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_noun_phrase" title="Hungarian noun phrase">Noun phrases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_verbs" title="Hungarian verbs">Verbs</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%E2%80%93V_distinction_in_the_world%27s_languages#Hungarian" title="T–V distinction in the world's languages">T–V distinction</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Hungarian_language" title="History of the Hungarian language">History</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonological_history_of_Hungarian" title="Phonological history of Hungarian">Phonological history</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> Other features</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_phonology" title="Hungarian phonology">Phonetics and phonology</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vowel_harmony#Hungarian" title="Vowel harmony">Vowel harmony</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_orthography" title="Hungarian orthography">Orthography</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian script</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian Braille</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Hungarian names</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> Hungarian and English</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-native_pronunciations_of_English#Hungarian" title="Non-native pronunciations of English">Hungarian pronunciation of English</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hungarian_origin" title="List of English words of Hungarian origin">English words from Hungarian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Research_Institute_for_Linguistics_of_the_Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Regulatory body</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hungarian_language" title="Template:Hungarian language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hungarian_language" title="Template talk:Hungarian language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hungarian language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="nowrap">⟨Dz⟩</span> is the seventh letter of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_alphabet" title="Hungarian alphabet">Hungarian alphabet</a>. It is called <i>dzé</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[d͡zeː]</a></span>) as a letter of the alphabet, where it represents the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">voiced alveolar affricate</a> phoneme <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">dz</a>/</span>. </p><p>⟨Dz⟩ and ⟨dzs⟩ were recognized as individual letters in the 11th edition of <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_orthography" title="Hungarian orthography">Hungarian orthography</a> (1984).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to that, they were analyzed as two-letter combinations ⟨d⟩+⟨z⟩ and ⟨d⟩+⟨zs⟩. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Length">Length</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz_(digraph)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Length"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like most Hungarian consonants, the sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/dz/</span> can be <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">geminated</a>. However, the letter is only <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)#Double_letters" title="Digraph (orthography)">doubled</a> in writing (to <span class="nowrap">⟨ddz⟩</span>) when an <a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assimilation (linguistics)">assimilated</a> suffix is added to the stem: <i>eddze, lopóddzon</i>. </p><p>In several words, it is pronounced <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">long</a>, e.g. <i>bodza, madzag, edz, pedz.</i> In some other ones, short, e.g. <i>dzadzíki, dzéta, Dzerzsinszkij</i> (usually at the beginning of words), though it is always short after another consonant (e.g. in <i>bri<b>n</b>dza</i>). </p><p>In several verbs ending in <i>-dzik</i> (approximately fifty), there is a free alternation with <i>-zik,</i> e.g. <i>csókolódzik</i> or <i>csókolózik, lopódzik</i> or <i>lopózik.</i> In other verbs, there is no variation: <i>birkózik, mérkőzik</i> (only with <span class="nowrap">⟨z⟩</span>) but <i>leledzik, nyáladzik</i> (only with <span class="nowrap">⟨dz⟩</span>, pronounced long). In some other verbs, there is a difference in meaning: <i>levelez(ik)</i> "to correspond", but <i>leveledzik</i> "to produce leaves". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Collation">Collation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz_(digraph)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Collation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Usage of this letter is similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> languages: though <span class="nowrap">⟨dz⟩</span> is a digraph composed of <span class="nowrap">⟨d⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨z⟩</span>, it is considered one letter, and even <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronyms</a> keep the letter intact. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polish">Polish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz_(digraph)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Polish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Dz</b> generally represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">d͡z</a>]</span>. However, when followed by <i>i</i> it is <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a> to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">d͡ʑ</a>]</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Examples_of_dz">Examples of <i>dz</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz_(digraph)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Examples of dz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b7\/Pl-dzwon-2.ogg\/Pl-dzwon-2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>dz<\/b>won"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-dzwon-2.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/Pl-dzwon-2.ogg/Pl-dzwon-2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>dz</b>won</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-dzwon-2.ogg" title="File:Pl-dzwon-2.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> (<i>bell</i>)<br /> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0b\/Pl-rodzaj.ogg\/Pl-rodzaj.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"ro<b>dz<\/b>aj"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-rodzaj.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Pl-rodzaj.ogg/Pl-rodzaj.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">ro<b>dz</b>aj</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-rodzaj.ogg" title="File:Pl-rodzaj.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> (<i>kind, type</i>) </p><p>Compare <b>dz</b> followed by <b>i</b>:<br /> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/95\/Pl-dziecko.ogg\/Pl-dziecko.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>dzi<\/b>ecko"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-dziecko.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/Pl-dziecko.ogg/Pl-dziecko.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>dzi</b>ecko</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-dziecko.ogg" title="File:Pl-dziecko.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> (<i>child</i>)<br /> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/42\/Pl-dziewczyna.ogg\/Pl-dziewczyna.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>dzi<\/b>ewczyna"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-dziewczyna.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Pl-dziewczyna.ogg/Pl-dziewczyna.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>dzi</b>ewczyna</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-dziewczyna.ogg" title="File:Pl-dziewczyna.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> (<i>girl, girlfriend</i>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovak">Slovak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz_(digraph)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Slovak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Slovak, the digraph <b>dz</b> is the ninth <a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak alphabet">Slovak alphabet</a>. Example words with this phoneme include: </p> <ul><li>me<b>dz</b>i = <i>between</i>, <i>among</i></li> <li>hrá<b>dz</b>a = <i>dam</i>, <i>dike</i></li></ul> <p>The digraph may never be divided by <a href="/wiki/Syllabification" title="Syllabification">hyphenation</a>: </p> <ul><li>me<b>dz</b>i → me-<b>dz</b>i</li> <li>hrá<b>dz</b>a → hrá-<b>dz</b>a</li></ul> <p>However, when <b>d</b> and <b>z</b> come from different <a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">morphemes</a>, they are treated as separate letters, and must be divided by hyphenation: </p> <ul><li>o<b>dz</b>emok = <i>type of folk dance</i> → o<b>d</b>-<b>z</b>e-mok</li> <li>na<b>dz</b>vukový = <i>supersonic</i> → na<b>d</b>-<b>z</b>vu-ko-vý</li></ul> <p>In both cases <b>od-</b> (<i>from</i>) and <b>nad-</b> (<i>above</i>) are a <a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">prefix</a> to the stems <b>zem</b> (<i>earth</i>) and <b>zvuk</b> (<i>sound</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnamese">Vietnamese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz_(digraph)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Vietnamese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viet_Dzung_Human_Rights_Memorial_Highway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Viet_Dzung_Human_Rights_Memorial_Highway.jpg/220px-Viet_Dzung_Human_Rights_Memorial_Highway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Viet_Dzung_Human_Rights_Memorial_Highway.jpg/330px-Viet_Dzung_Human_Rights_Memorial_Highway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Viet_Dzung_Human_Rights_Memorial_Highway.jpg/440px-Viet_Dzung_Human_Rights_Memorial_Highway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1537" data-file-height="1236" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_39" title="California State Route 39">California State Route 39</a> in <a href="/wiki/Little_Saigon,_Orange_County" title="Little Saigon, Orange County">Little Saigon, Orange County</a>, is named after Vietnamese-American singer-songwriter <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%E1%BB%87t_Dz%C5%A9ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Việt Dzũng (page does not exist)">Việt Dzũng</a></i></span>, born <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Nguyễn Ngọc Hùng Dũng</i></span>.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Dz</i> is sometimes used in <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Vietnamese names</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling" title="Pronunciation respelling">pronunciation respelling</a> of the letter <i>D</i>. Several common Vietnamese given names start with the letter <i>D</i>, including <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Dũng</i></span>, <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Dụng</i></span>, and <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Dương</i></span>. Whereas <i>D</i> is pronounced as some sort of dental or alveolar stop in most Latin alphabets, an unadorned <i>D</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese alphabet</a> represents either <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> (Northern Vietnamese) or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> (Southern Vietnamese), while the letter <i>Đ</i> represents a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive">voiced alveolar implosive</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɗ/</span>) or, according to <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Thompson" title="Laurence Thompson">Thompson</a> (1959), a <a href="/wiki/Glottalization" title="Glottalization">preglottalized</a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar stop">voiced alveolar stop</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔd/</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_1959_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson_1959-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Z</i> is not included in the Vietnamese alphabet as a letter in its own right. </p><p>Many Vietnamese cultural figures spell their family names, pen names, or stage names with <i>Dz</i> instead of <i>D</i>, emphasizing the northern pronunciation. Examples include the songwriter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C3%A3n_M%E1%BA%ABn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doãn Mẫn (page does not exist)">Dzoãn Mẫn</a>, the poet <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%93_Dz%E1%BA%BFnh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hồ Dzếnh (page does not exist)">Hồ Dzếnh</a>, and the television chef <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Dzo%C3%A3n_C%E1%BA%A9m_V%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyễn Dzoãn Cẩm Vân (page does not exist)">Nguyễn Dzoãn Cẩm Vân</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kenh14_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenh14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other examples include <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i_Dzinh" title="Bùi Dzinh">Bùi Dzinh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Dzu" title="Trương Đình Dzu">Trương Đình Dzu</a>. </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Vietnamese" title="Overseas Vietnamese">Overseas Vietnamese</a> residing in English-speaking countries also replace <i>D</i> with <i>Dz</i> in their names. A male named <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Dũng</i></span> may spell his name <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">ǲung</i></span> to avoid being called "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dung" class="extiw" title="wikt:dung">dung</a>" in social contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-Nguyen_Nguyen_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nguyen_Nguyen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of this usage include Vietnamese-Americans <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%E1%BB%87t_Dz%C5%A9ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Việt Dzũng (page does not exist)">Việt Dzũng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dzung_Tran" title="Dzung Tran">Dzung Tran</a>. (Occasionally, <i>D</i> is instead replaced by <i>Y</i> to emphasize the Saigonese pronunciation, as with <a href="/wiki/Yung_Krall" title="Yung Krall">Yung Krall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VOA_Minh_Anh_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VOA_Minh_Anh-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz_(digraph)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Dz</i> is represented in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> as three separate glyphs within the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Extended-B" title="Latin Extended-B">Latin Extended-B</a> block. It is one of the rare characters that has separate glyphs for each of its <a href="/wiki/Uppercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Uppercase">uppercase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Title_case" title="Title case">title case</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lowercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowercase">lowercase</a> forms. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code </th> <th>Glyph </th> <th>Decimal </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>U+01F1 </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Ǳ</div> </td> <td>&#497; </td> <td>Latin Capital Letter DZ </td></tr> <tr> <td>U+01F2 </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ǲ</div> </td> <td>&#498; </td> <td>Latin Capital Letter D with Small Letter Z </td></tr> <tr> <td>U+01F3 </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ǳ</div> </td> <td>&#499; </td> <td>Latin Small Letter DZ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The single-character versions are designed for compatibility with Yugoslav encodings supporting <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Macedonian" title="Romanization of Macedonian">Romanization of Macedonian</a>, where this digraph corresponds to the Cyrillic letter <a href="/wiki/%D0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѕ">Ѕ</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants">Variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz_(digraph)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Additional variants of the ǲ digraph are also encoded in Unicode. </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+01C5</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ǅ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON</a></span> is used in the Croatian, Bosnian, and Slovak alphabets as a letter in its own right.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+01C4</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">Ǆ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ WITH CARON</span> is the all-<a href="/wiki/Capital_letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital letters">capitals</a> form of U+01C5 (<a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">ǅ</a>).</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+01C6</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ǆ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ WITH CARON</span> is the <a href="/wiki/Lower_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower case">lowercase</a> form of U+01C5 (ǅ).</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02A3</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ʣ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH</span> was historically used to represent the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">voiced alveolar affricate</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+10787</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𐞇</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DZ DIGRAPH</span> is the superscript form of U+02A3 and is an <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Superscript_IPA" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA superscript letter</a><sup id="cite_ref-L220252_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220252-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02A5</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ʥ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL</span> was historically used to represent the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">voiced alveolo-palatal affricate</a> in the IPA.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+10789</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𐞉</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL</span> is the superscript form of U+02A5 and is an <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Superscript_IPA" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA superscript letter</a><sup id="cite_ref-L220252_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220252-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+AB66</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ꭦ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK</span> is used in Sinological and Tibetanist transcription for a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex affricate">voiced retroflex affricate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+10788</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𐞈</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DZ DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK</span> is the superscript form of U+AB66 and is an <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Superscript_IPA" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA superscript letter</a><sup id="cite_ref-L220252_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220252-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02A4</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ʤ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH</span> is a ligature of lowercase <i>d</i> and <a href="/wiki/Ezh_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezh (letter)">ezh</a> (a <i>z</i> with a tail), formerly used in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1078A</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𐞊</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DEZH DIGRAPH</span> is the superscript form of U+02A4 and is an <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Superscript_IPA" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA superscript letter</a><sup id="cite_ref-L220252_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220252-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1DF12</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝼒</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH WITH PALATAL HOOK</span> is used in <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcription</a><sup id="cite_ref-L220125_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220125-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L221021_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L221021-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1DF19</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𝼙</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK</span> has been used in phonetic descriptions of <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz_(digraph)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nguyen_Nguyen-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nguyen_Nguyen_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nguyen_Nguyen_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNguyên_Nguyên2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nguyên Nguyên (May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151231230523/http://www.aihuucongchanh.com/baiviet/nguyennguyen/duongquyphi.html">"Từ chữ Nôm đến quốc ngữ: Dzương Quí Phi và Cơm Gà Hải Nam"</a> [From chữ Nôm to the Vietnamese alphabet: Dzương Quí Phi and Hainanese chicken rice] (in Vietnamese). Ái Hữu Công Chánh. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aihuucongchanh.com/baiviet/nguyennguyen/duongquyphi.html">the original</a> on December 31, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%E1%BB%AB+ch%E1%BB%AF+N%C3%B4m+%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn+qu%E1%BB%91c+ng%E1%BB%AF%3A+Dz%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+Qu%C3%AD+Phi+v%C3%A0+C%C6%A1m+G%C3%A0+H%E1%BA%A3i+Nam&rft.pub=%C3%81i+H%E1%BB%AFu+C%C3%B4ng+Ch%C3%A1nh&rft.date=2004-05&rft.au=Nguy%C3%AAn+Nguy%C3%AAn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aihuucongchanh.com%2Fbaiviet%2Fnguyennguyen%2Fduongquyphi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADz+%28digraph%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kalocsay & Waringhien (1985) <i>Plena analiza gramatiko de Esperanto</i>, §17, 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">van Oostendorp, Marc (1999). Syllable structure in Esperanto as an instantiation of universal phonology. Esperantologio / Esperanto Studies 1, 52 80. p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierre Janton, <i>Esperanto: Language, Literature, and Community.</i> Translated by Humphrey Tonkin et al. State University of New York Press, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-1254-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-1254-7">0-7914-1254-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. C. Wells, <i>Lingvistikaj Aspektoj de Esperanto</i>, Universala Esperanto-Asocio, 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92%2B9017%2B021%2B2" title="Special:BookSources/92+9017+021+2">92 9017 021 2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://real-j.mtak.hu/6065/1/MagyarNyelvor_1984.pdf">http://real-j.mtak.hu/6065/1/MagyarNyelvor_1984.pdf</a> p. 399</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thompson_1959-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_1959_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1959" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Thompson" title="Laurence Thompson">Thompson, Laurence</a> (1959). "Saigon phonemics". <i><a href="/wiki/Language_(journal)" title="Language (journal)">Language</a></i>. <b>35</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_Society_of_America" title="Linguistic Society of America">Linguistic Society of America</a>: <span class="nowrap">458–</span>461. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F411232">10.2307/411232</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/411232">411232</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language&rft.atitle=Saigon+phonemics&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E458-%3C%2Fspan%3E461&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F411232&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F411232%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADz+%28digraph%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kenh14-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kenh14_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kenh14.vn/kham-pha/thoi-quen-dat-ten-co-chu-dz-cua-nguoi-xua-la-do-dau-20151129111355980.chn">"Thói quen đặt tên có chữ "Dz" của người xưa là do đâu?"</a> [Where did the old practice of putting "Dz" in names come from?]. <i>Trí Thức Trẻ</i> (in Vietnamese). December 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2015</span> – via Kenh14.vn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tr%C3%AD+Th%E1%BB%A9c+Tr%E1%BA%BB&rft.atitle=Th%C3%B3i+quen+%C4%91%E1%BA%B7t+t%C3%AAn+c%C3%B3+ch%E1%BB%AF+%22Dz%22+c%E1%BB%A7a+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+x%C6%B0a+l%C3%A0+do+%C4%91%C3%A2u%3F&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkenh14.vn%2Fkham-pha%2Fthoi-quen-dat-ten-co-chu-dz-cua-nguoi-xua-la-do-dau-20151129111355980.chn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADz+%28digraph%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VOA_Minh_Anh-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VOA_Minh_Anh_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinh_Anh2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Minh Anh (February 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voatiengviet.com/content/yung-krall-former-viet-cia-02-20-11-116564733/896128.html">"Câu chuyện về gia đình nữ cựu điệp viên CIA gốc Việt"</a> [The story of the family of a Vietnamese former CIA spy]. <i><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=C%C3%A2u+chuy%E1%BB%87n+v%E1%BB%81+gia+%C4%91%C3%ACnh+n%E1%BB%AF+c%E1%BB%B1u+%C4%91i%E1%BB%87p+vi%C3%AAn+CIA+g%E1%BB%91c+Vi%E1%BB%87t&rft.date=2011-02-20&rft.au=Minh+Anh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voatiengviet.com%2Fcontent%2Fyung-krall-former-viet-cia-02-20-11-116564733%2F896128.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADz+%28digraph%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L220252-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L220252_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L220252_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L220252_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L220252_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerAshby2020" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf">"L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F20-252R%3A+Unicode+request+for+IPA+modifier-letters+%28a%29%2C+pulmonic&rft.date=2020-11-08&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft.au=Ashby%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2020%2F20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADz+%28digraph%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Everson, Michael</a> (2017-08-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17299-n4842-sinological-digraphs.pdf">"L2/17-299: Proposal to add two Sinological Latin letters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F17-299%3A+Proposal+to+add+two+Sinological+Latin+letters&rft.date=2017-08-17&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2017%2F17299-n4842-sinological-digraphs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADz+%28digraph%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L220125-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L220125_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2020" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf">"L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F20-125R%3A+Unicode+request+for+expected+IPA+retroflex+letters+and+similar+letters+with+hooks&rft.date=2020-07-11&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2020%2F20125r-ipa-retroflex.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADz+%28digraph%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L221021-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L221021_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2020" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf">"L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F21-021%3A+Reference+doc+numbers+for+L2%2F20-266R+%22Consolidated+code+chart+of+proposed+phonetic+characters%22+and+IPA+etc.+code+point+and+name+changes&rft.date=2020-12-07&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2021%2F21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADz+%28digraph%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerEverson2021" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk; Everson, Michael (2021-01-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21004-dezh-retroflex-hook.pdf">"L2/21-004: Unicode request for dezh with retroflex hook"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F21-004%3A+Unicode+request+for+dezh+with+retroflex+hook&rft.date=2021-01-03&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft.au=Everson%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2021%2F21004-dezh-retroflex-hook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADz+%28digraph%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latin_script492" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_script/main" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_script492" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script" title="Spread of the Latin script">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">Palaeography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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