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If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. </p> Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Vi povas vidi kaj kopii la vikitekston de tiu ĉi paĝo: </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="eo" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">La '''ŝahmuka skribsistemo''' (ŝahmuke شاہ مکھی) estas unu el la du ĉefaj [[ortografio]]j de [[panĝaba lingvo|panĝaba]]. Ĝi estas [[Konsonanta alfabeto|abĝado]], kiu baziĝas sur [[araba alfabeto|arab-persa ortografio]] kaj oni ĝin uzas ĉefe en [[Panĝabo (Pakistano)|okcidenta Panĝabo]]. Ĝi tute malsamas al [[gurmuka skribsistemo]], kiun oni uzas en [[Panĝabo (Barato)|orienta Panĝabo]]. Malkiel [[Esperanto]], oni skribas en la ''ŝahmuka'' skribo de dekstre al maldekstre kaj ''Nastaleeq'' estas populara [[tiparo]].<ref>{{Citaĵo el la reto|url=http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~hal/WhatToSee/tmp/www.informatik.uni_trier.de____ley___db___conf___acl___acl2006.html/142.txt|titolo=Punjabi Machine Transliteration|aŭtoro=M. G. Abbas Malik|eldoninto=Department of Linguistics Denis Diderot, University of Paris 7 Paris, France}}</ref> Kvankam panĝaba estas [[Tonlingvo|tona lingvo]], kiel [[ĉina lingvo|ĉina]], la ortografio ne havas apartajn signojn por montri tonon. == Aboco == La ŝahmuka skribsistemo estas abĝado. Tial vokaloj estas nur montrantaj en la infanaj libroj aŭ tekstoj celitaj al fremduloj lernantaj la lingvon. Ekzemple, oni skribas 'Zamenhof' kiel 'Zamnhŭf', 'Esperanto' kiel ''sprantŭ' kaj 'kvin' kiel 'kvn.' La ortografio donas multe da [[Etimologio|vortdevena]] informo pro la uzado de literoj kies sonoj nur troviĝas [[Persa lingvo|perse]] kaj [[Araba lingvo|arabe]], sed ne ekzistas panĝabe. La ortografion oni kutime dividas inter du tipoj da literoj: (1) Bazaj literoj, kaj (2) Okulvitraj literoj. === Bazaj literoj === {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" ! colspan="2" | Nomo !! [[Elparolo|Elpa.]] ! colspan="2" | Nomo !! [[Elparolo|Elpa.]] ! colspan="2" | Nomo !! [[Elparolo|Elpa.]] ! colspan="2" | Nomo !! [[Elparolo|Elpa.]] ! colspan="2" | Nomo !! [[Elparolo|Elpa.]] |- align="center" | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ا || alif ||&nbsp;– | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ب ||be || {{IPA|ba}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | پ|| pe || {{IPA|pa}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ت|| te || {{IPA|ta}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ٹ|| ṭe || {{IPA|ʈa}} |- align="center" | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ث || se || {{IPA|sa}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ج|| ĝim || {{IPA|ga}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | چ || ĉe || {{IPA|t͡ʃa}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ح || he || {{IPA|ha}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | خ || ĥe || {{IPA|xa)}} |- align="center" | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | د || dal || {{IPA|da }} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ڈ || ḍal || {{IPA|ɖa}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ذ || zal || {{IPA|za}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ر || re || {{IPA|ra}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ڑ || ṛe || {{IPA|ɽa}} |- align="center" | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ز || ze || {{IPA|za}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ژ || ĵe || {{IPA|ʒa}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | س|| sin || {{IPA|sa}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ش|| ŝin || {{IPA|ʃa}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ص|| sad || {{IPA|sa}} |- align="center" | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ض|| zad || {{IPA|za}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ط || ta || {{IPA|ta}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ظ|| za || {{IPA|za}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ع|| ain || {{IPA|'}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | غ || ghain || {{IPA|ɣa}} |- align="center" | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ف || fe || {{IPA|fa}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ک|| kaf || {{IPA|ka}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ق|| qaf || {{IPA|ka}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | گ || gaf || {{IPA|ga}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ل|| lam || {{IPA|la}} |- align="center" | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | م || mim || {{IPA|ma}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ن || nun || {{IPA|na}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | و || ŭaŭ || {{IPA|ŭa, va, o, u:}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ہ || eta he || {{IPA|ha}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ء || e || {{IPA|}} |- align="center" | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ی || granda i || {{IPA|i:}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ے || eta i || {{IPA|i)}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | || || | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | || || | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | || || |} === Okulvitraj literoj === Okulvitraj literoj estas tiel nomataj pro la uzado de ھ (ha-okulvitra) kun bazaj literoj por ĝuste montri sonon de indiĝenaj vortoj kaj vortoj devenitaj el [[Sanskrita lingvo|sanskrita]], [[Hinda lingvo|hinda]]/[[Urdua lingvo|urdua]] kaj aliaj [[Suda Azio|subkontinentaj]] lingvoj. La uzando de 'ha-okulvitra' ankaŭ distingas ne-tonhavajn literojn al ton-havaj. {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" ! colspan="2" | Nomo !! [[Elparolo|Elpa.]] ! colspan="2" | Nomo !! [[Elparolo|Elpa.]] ! colspan="2" | Nomo !! [[Elparolo|Elpa.]] ! colspan="2" | Nomo !! [[Elparolo|Elpa.]] ! colspan="2" | Nomo !! [[Elparolo|Elpa.]] |- align="center" | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | بھ || bha ||{{IPA|pà}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | پھ ||fa || {{IPA|fa}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | تھ|| tha || {{IPA|tʰa}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ٹھ|| tha || {{IPA|ʈʰa}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | جھ|| jha || {{IPA|ʈa}} |- align="center" | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | چھ|| chha || {{IPA|t͡ʃʰa}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | دھ|| dha || {{IPA|tà}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ڈھ || dha || {{IPA|ʈà}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | کھ || kha || {{IPA|kʰa}} | bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | گھ || gha || {{IPA|kà)}} |} == La ŝahmuka skribsistemo kaj Esperanto == Estas tute eble transskribi Esperanton pere de ŝahmuka skribo. Sube estas ekzemplo: <center><big> این لا نورد اوریینا پارتو دے آفریکو تروویجاس ایگیپتو، لا پاترویو دے لا پلے آنتیکوا تْسیویلیزاتْسیو این لا موندو۔ En la nord-orienta parto de Afriko troviĝas Egiptio, la patrujo de la plej antikva civilizacio en la mondo. </center></big> == Ankaŭ Vidu == * [[Gurumuĥi-ortografio]] == Inform-fontoj == {{Referencoj}} == Eksteraj Ligiloj == {{Projektoj}} * [http://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%81%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%81 Panĝaba Vikipedio en Shahmukhi-ortografio] * [http://www.apnaorg.com/books/s-booklist.shtml Panĝabaj Libroj en Shahmukhi-ortografio] [[Kategorio:Ortografio]] [[Kategorio:Araba alfabeto]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Ŝablonoj uzitaj sur ĉi tiu paĝo: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:Cita%C4%B5o_el_la_reto" title="Ŝablono:Citaĵo el la reto">Ŝablono:Citaĵo el la reto</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Cablono:Cita%C4%B5o_el_la_reto&action=edit" title="Ŝablono:Citaĵo el la reto">redakti</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:IFA" title="Ŝablono:IFA">Ŝablono:IFA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Cablono:IFA&action=edit" title="Ŝablono:IFA">vidi fontkodon</a>) (protektita)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŝablono:IPA">Ŝablono:IPA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Cablono:IPA&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŝablono:IPA">redakti</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:Projektoj" title="Ŝablono:Projektoj">Ŝablono:Projektoj</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Cablono:Projektoj&action=edit" title="Ŝablono:Projektoj">vidi fontkodon</a>) (protektita)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:Referencoj" title="Ŝablono:Referencoj">Ŝablono:Referencoj</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Cablono:Referencoj&action=edit" title="Ŝablono:Referencoj">redakti</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modulo:I18n" title="Modulo:I18n">Modulo:I18n</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulo:I18n&action=edit" title="Modulo:I18n">redakti</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modulo:WikidataIB" title="Modulo:WikidataIB">Modulo:WikidataIB</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulo:WikidataIB&action=edit" title="Modulo:WikidataIB">redakti</a>) </li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulo:WikidataIB/i18n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modulo:WikidataIB/i18n (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Modulo:WikidataIB/i18n</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulo:WikidataIB/i18n&action=edit" class="new" title="Modulo:WikidataIB/i18n (paĝo ne ekzistas)">redakti</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modulo:WikidataIB/nolinks" title="Modulo:WikidataIB/nolinks">Modulo:WikidataIB/nolinks</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulo:WikidataIB/nolinks&action=edit" title="Modulo:WikidataIB/nolinks">redakti</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modulo:WikidataIB/titleformats" title="Modulo:WikidataIB/titleformats">Modulo:WikidataIB/titleformats</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulo:WikidataIB/titleformats&action=edit" title="Modulo:WikidataIB/titleformats">redakti</a>) </li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Reiri al <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cahmuka_skribsistemo" title="Ŝahmuka skribsistemo">Ŝahmuka skribsistemo</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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